Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An intramolecular force is any force that holds together the atoms making up a molecule or compound. Types of intramolecular force There are three main types of intramolecular force ionic bonding Ionic covalent bonding Covalent metallic bonding Metallic They differ in the magnitude of their bond enthalpies, and thus affect the physical and chemical properties of compounds in different ways. Intramolecular forces are more common and stronger than intermolecular forces . Chemical bonds DEFAULTSORT Intramolecular Force Category Chemical bonding Chem stub fr Force intramol culaire nl Intramoleculaire krachten sv Intramolekyl r bindning ... more details
Intramolecular in chemistry describes a process or characteristic limited within the structure of a single molecule , a property or phenomenon limited to the extent of a single molecule. Examples intramolecular hydride transfer transfer of a hydride ion from one part to another within the same molecule intramolecular hydrogen bond a hydrogen bond formed between two functional groups of the same molecule In intramolecular organic reaction s, two reaction sites are contained within a single molecule. This creates a very high effective concentration resulting in high reaction rate s , and, therefore, many intramolecular reactions that would not occur as an intermolecular reaction between two compounds take place. Examples of intramolecular reactions are the Smiles rearrangement , the Dieckmann condensation and the Madelung synthesis . Molecular tethers In a niche concept called molecular tethers , otherwise intermolecular reactions can be made temporarily intramolecular by anchoring both reactions by a tether with all the advantages associated to it. Popular choices of tether contain a carbonate ester , boronic ester , silyl ether , or a silyl acetal link silicon tethers ref Bracegirdle, S. Anderson, E. A. Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2010 , 39 , 4114 4129, DOI 10.1039 C0CS00007H ref which are fairly inert in many organic reactions yet can be cleaved by specific reagents. The main hurdle for this strategy to work is selecting the proper length for the tether and making sure reactive groups have an optimal orientation with respect to each other. An examples is a Pauson Khand reaction of an alkene ... intramolecular photochemical 2 2 cycloaddition reactions of tethered l valinol derived tetrahydrophthalimides ..., DOI 10.1039 a702386c ref See also Intermolecular References reflist DEFAULTSORT Intramolecular Reaction Category Molecular physics Category Organic chemistry ca Reacci intramolecular da Intramolekyl r et Intramolekulaarne reaktsioon es Intramolecular pt Intramolecular ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 In organic chemistry, an intramolecular Diels Alder cycloaddition is a Diels Alder reaction in which the diene and a dienophile are both part of the same molecule. The reaction leads to the formation of the same cyclohexene like structure as usual for a Diels Alder reaction, but as part of a more complex fused or bridged cyclic ring system. Reaction products Because the two reacting groups are already attached, two basic modes of addition are possible in this reaction. Depending on whether the tether that links to the dienophile is attached to the end or the middle of the diene, fused or bridged polycyclic ring systems can be formed. ref M. Nantz, G. Zweifel. Modern Organic Synthesis an Introduction. W.H. 2 Freeman and Company, 2007, pg 429 430 ref The tether than attaches the two reacting groups also affects the geometry of the reaction. As a result of its Conformational isomerism conformational and other structural restrictions, the exo vs endo results ref P.Y Bruice. Organic Chemistry. Pearson Education, Inc. 2007 ref are usually not based on the simple intermolecular Diels Alder reaction effects. Applications Intramolecular Diels Alder reaction Diels Alder cycloaddition is extremely useful for the formation of naturally occurring polycyclic rings. The reaction provides ready access to polycyclic compounds with a great deal of stereoselectivity . The following are several useful drugs whose complete synthesis have been accomplished using the intramolecular Diels Alder reaction. Solanapyrone A Solanapyrone A is an inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase and , repair type DNA polymerase. The compound was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria solani , the cause of early blight in tomato and potato plants. The drug is being look as an anti cancer medication. ref B. Lygo, M. Bhatia, J.W.B Cooke, D.J Hirst. Synthesis of solanapyrones ... in psychotherapuetic treatments and Alzheimer s treatment. ref A.C Burns, C.J Forsyth. Intramolecular ... more details
The intramolecular Heck reaction IMHR is the coupling of an aryl or alkenyl halide with an alkene in the same molecule. The reaction may be used to produce carbocyclic or heterocyclic organic compounds with a variety of ring sizes. Chiral palladium complexes can be used to synthesize chiral intramolecular Heck reaction products in non racemic form. ref Link, J. T. Org. React. 2002 , 60 , 157. doi 10.1002 0471264180.or060.02 ref Introduction The Heck reaction is the palladium catalyzed coupling of an aryl or alkenyl halide with an alkene to form a substituted alkene. ref Beletskaya, I. Cheprakov, A. Chem. Rev. 2000 100 , 3009. ref Intramolecular variants of the reaction may be used to generate cyclic products containing endo or exo double bonds. Ring sizes produced by the intramolecular Heck reaction range from four to twenty seven atoms. Additionally, in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst, the intramolecular Heck reaction may be used to establish tertiary or quaternary stereocenters with high enantioselectivity. ref name uberman Overman, L. E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1994 , 66 , 1423. ref A number of tandem reactions, in which the intermediate alkylpalladium complex is intercepted either intra or intermolecularly before hydride elimination, have also been developed. ref Larock, R. C. Lee, N. H. J. Org. Chem. 1991 , 56 , 6253. ref span style float right padding right 50px padding ... center Scope and Limitations The intramolecular Heck reaction may be used to form rings of a variety ... formed by the intramolecular Heck reaction and some of its tandem and asymmetric variants. 5 Exo ... mode in intramolecular Heck reactions. In this and many other modes of intramolecular Heck ... in the intramolecular Heck reaction, insertion affords allylpalldium intermediates, which may ... Applications The high functional group tolerance of the intramolecular Heck reaction allows it to be used ... right 50px padding top 30px 11 span center File HeckSynth1.png center A fully intramolecular ... more details
Intramolecular aglycon delivery is a synthetic strategy for the construction of glycan s. This methodology is generally applied to the formation of difficult glycosidic bond glycosidic linkage . Introduction Glycosylation reactions are very important reactions in carbohydrate chemistry leading to the synthesis of oligosaccharides , preferably in a stereoselective manner. The stereoselectivity of these reactions has been shown to be affected by both the nature and the configuration of the protecting group at C 2 on the glycosyl donor ring. While 1,2 trans glycosides e.g. alpha mannosides and glucosides can be synthesised easily in the presence of a participating group such as OAc, or NHAc at the C 2 position in the glycosyl donor ring, 1,2 cis glycosides are more difficult to prepare. 1,2 cis glycosides with the alpha configuration e.g. glucosides or galactosides can often be prepared using a non participating protecting group such as Bn, or All at C 2 OH . However, 1,2 cis glycosides with the configuration are the most difficult to achieve, and present the greatest challenge in glycosylation reactions. File general information.gif One of the most recent approaches to prepare 1,2 cis glycosides in a stereospecific manner is termed Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery , and various methods have been developed under this approach. ref Ian Cumpstey. Carbohydrate research, 343 2008 1553 1573 ref In this methodology, the glycosyl acceptor is tethered into the C 2 O protecting group X in the first step. Upon activation of the glycosyl donor group Y usually SR, OAc, or Br group in the next step, the tethered aglycon traps the developing oxocarbenium ion at C 1 and is transferred from the same face as OH 2, forming the glycosidic bond stereospecifically. File Preparation of 1,2 .... Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery IAD methods Carbon tethering Acid catalysed tethering on enol ..., activation of the anomeric leaving group leads to intramolecular delivery of the aglycon to C 1 and formation ... more details
Intramolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds include addition to alkene carbon carbon double bonds to form fused cyclopropanes and insertion into carbon hydrogen bond s or carbon carbon bond s. ref Burke, S. D. Grieco, P. A. Org. React. 1979 , 26 , 361. doi 10.1002 0471264180.or026.02 ref Introduction In the presence of an appropriate transition metal typically copper or rhodium ref name OR2 Davies, H. Antoulinakis, E. Org. React. 2001 , 57 , 1. ref , diazocarbonyl diazocarbonyl compounds are converted to transition metal carbene s, which undergo addition reaction s in the presence of carbon carbon double bonds to form cyclopropanes. ref Stork, G. Ficini, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961 , 83 , 4678. ref Insertion into carbon carbon or carbon hydrogen bonds is possible in substrates lacking a double bond. ref Nakata, T. Tahara, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976 , 1515. ref The intramolecular version of this reaction forms fused carbocycles, although yields of reactions mediated by copper are typically moderate. For enantioselective cyclopropanations and insertions, both copper and rhodium based catalysts are employed, although the latter have been more heavily studied in recent years. ref Doyle, M. Forbes, D. Chem. Rev. 1998 , 98 , 911. ref span style float right padding right 50px padding ... powder or copper salts can be used very generally for intramolecular reaction s of diazocarbonyl ... intramolecular reactions in the presence of copper. Note that for intermolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl ... of barbaralone is the selective intramolecular cyclopropanation of a cycloheptatriene . ref Doering ... example, intramolecular participation of an aryl group leads to the formation of a polycyclic ring ... center Diazoesters are not as efficient as diazoketones at intramolecular cyclization s in some ... single bond. ref Rando, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970 , 92 , 6706. ref However, intramolecular reactions ... top 30px 9 span center File MCPScope7.png center Synthetic applications Intramolecular cyclopropanation ... more details
In chemistry , the Effective Molarity denoted as EM is defined as the ratio between the first order rate constant of an intramolecular reaction and the second order rate constant of the corresponding intermolecular reaction Kinetic Effective Molarity or the ratio between the equilibrium constant of an intramolecular reaction and the equilibrium constant of the corresponding intermolecular reaction Thermodynamic Effective Molarity . It has the dimension of concentration. High EM values always indicate greater ease of intramolecular processes over the corresponding intermolecular ones. Effective molarities can be used to get a deeper understanding of the effects of intramolecularity on reaction courses. http pubs.acs.org doi full 10.1021 ja066780e In last decades, the frequency of use of effective molarity in scientific literature has shown a marked decrease, because this formalism is being progressively replaced by more important physical quantities . See also Cyclic compound Macrocycle Intramolecular reaction Polymerization Category Physical organic chemistry ... more details
enzyme Name cholestenol delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.5 CAS number 37318 47 1 IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 5 GO code 0047750 image width caption In enzymology , a cholestenol Delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha cholest 7 en 3beta ol math rightleftharpoons math 5alpha cholest 8 en 3beta ol Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 5alpha cholest 7 en 3beta ol , and one product chemistry product , 5alpha cholest 8 en 3beta ol . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is Delta7 cholestenol Delta7 Delta8 isomerase . This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of steroids . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wilton DC, Rahimtula AD, Akhtar M date 1969 title The reversibility of the delta8 cholestenol delta7 cholestenol isomerase reaction in cholesterol biosynthesis journal Biochem. J. volume 114 pages 71&ndash 3 pmid 5810070 issue 1 pmc 1184797 isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases Category EC 5.3.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name isopiperitenone delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.11 CAS number 96595 07 2 IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 11 GO code 0050008 image width caption In enzymology , an isopiperitenone Delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.11 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction isopiperitenone math rightleftharpoons math piperitenone Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , isopiperitenone , and one product chemistry product , piperitenone . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is isopiperitenone Delta8 Delta4 isomerase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kjonaas RB, Venkatachalam KV, Croteau R date 1985 title Metabolism of monoterpenes oxidation of isopiperitenol to isopiperitenone, and subsequent isomerization to piperitenone by soluble enzyme preparations from peppermint Mentha piperita leaves journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 238 pages 49&ndash 60 pmid 3885858 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 85 90139 0 issue 1 Category EC 5.3.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases ... more details
enzyme Name oxaloacetate tautomerase EC number 5.3.2.2 CAS number 37318 45 9 IUBMB EC number 5 3 2 2 GO code 0050163 image width caption In enzymology , an oxaloacetate tautomerase EC number 5.3.2.2 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction keto oxaloacetate math rightleftharpoons math enol oxaloacetate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , keto oxaloacetate , and one product chemistry product , enol oxaloacetate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting keto and enol groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxaloacetate keto enol isomerase . This enzyme is also called oxalacetic keto enol isomerase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Annett RG, Kosicki GW date 1969 title Oxalacetate keto enol tautomerase. Purification and characterization journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 244 pages 2059&ndash 67 pmid 5781999 issue 8 isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases Category EC 5.3.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
In biochemistry , an isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the structural rearrangement of isomer s. Isomerases thus catalyze reactions of the form A &rarr B where B is an isomer of A. Nomenclature The names of isomerases are formed as substrate isomerase for example, enoyl CoA isomerase , or as substrate type of isomerase for example, phosphoglucomutase . Classification Isomerases have their own Enzyme Commission number EC classification of enzymes EC 5 . Isomerases can be further classified into six subclasses Category EC 5.1 EC 5.1 includes enzymes that catalyze racemization racemase s and epimer ization epimerase s Category EC 5.2 EC 5.2 includes enzymes that catalyze the isomerization of geometric isomerism geometric isomers cis trans isomerase s Category EC 5.3 EC 5.3 includes intramolecular oxidoreductase s Category EC 5.4 EC 5.4 includes intramolecular transferase s mutase s Category EC 5.5 EC 5.5 includes intramolecular lyase s Category EC 5.99 EC 5.99 includes other isomerases including topoisomerase s References http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iubmb enzyme EC5 intro.html EC 5 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London isomerase. Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc 6 Nov. 2009 http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com isomerase isomerase. Webster s New World College Dictionary. LoveToKnow, n.d. Web. 6 November 2009. http www.yourdictionary.com isomerase External links http www.gopubmed.org GoMeshPubMed gomeshpubmed ?tool HotTopicDirect&termAlt mesh 237535 GoPubMed Top authors, journals, places publishing on Isomerases Enzymes Isomerases Category Isomerases ar bs Izomeraza bg ca Isomerasa cs Izomer za da Isomerase de Isomerasen es Isomerasa fa fr Isom rase gl Isomerase it Isomerasi he lt Izomeraz s nl Isomerase ja pl Izomerazy pt Isomerase ru sv Isomeras tr zomeraz zh ... more details
distinguish Cope rearrangement The Cope reaction or Cope elimination , developed by Arthur C. Cope , is an elimination reaction of an amine oxide to form an alkene and a hydroxylamine . The reaction mechanism involves an intramolecular 5 membered cyclic transition state , ref 1 leading to a syn elimination syn elimination product. This organic reaction gives the same result as the Hofmann elimination , ref 1 but the base chemistry base is a part of the leaving group . The amine oxide is prepared by organic oxidation oxidation of the corresponding amine with an oxidant such as mCPBA m CPBA . The actual elimination just requires heat. Image CopeReaction.png center 554px Cope reaction An application is a synthesis of methylenecyclohexane ref Organic Syntheses , Coll. Vol. 4, p.612 1963 Vol. 39, p.40 1959 . http orgsynth.org orgsyn pdfs CV4P0612.pdf Link ref File MethyleneCyclohexaneByCopeReaction.svg 389 synthesis of methylenecyclohexane Piperidine s are resistant to an intramolecular Cope reaction ref JerryMarch ref ref Amine Oxides. VIII. Medium sized Cyclic Olefins from Amine Oxides and Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides Arthur C. Cope, Engelbert Ciganek, Charles F. Howell, Edward E. Schweizer J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1960 , 82 17 , pp 4663 4669 DOI 10.1021 ja01502a053 ref ref Amine Oxides. VII. The Thermal Decomposition of the N Oxides of N Methylazacycloalkanes Arthur C. Cope, Norman A. LeBel J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960 82 17 4656 4662. DOI 10.1021 ja01502a052 ref but with pyrrolidine and with rings of size 7 and larger, the reaction product is an Saturation chemistry unsaturated hydroxyl amine. This result demonstrates the geometric constraints of a 5 membered cyclic transition state . File CopeReactionJACS82 4656.svg 261px intramolecular Cope reaction References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Cope Reaction Category Elimination reactions Category Name reactions de Cope Eliminierung nl Cope eliminatie ja zh ... more details
The Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces substituted or unsubstituted indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N phenylamides using strong base at high temperature . ref cite journal last Madelung first W. title ber eine neue Darstellungsweise f r substituierte Indole. I journal Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft date 1 January 1912 volume 45 issue 1 pages 1128 1134 doi 10.1002 cber.191204501160 ref ref cite journal last Houlihan first William J. coauthors Uike, Yasuyuki, Parrino, Vincent A. title Novel cycloaddition products formed by the modified Madelung indole synthesis journal The Journal of Organic Chemistry date 1 October 1981 volume 46 issue 22 pages 4515 4517 doi 10.1021 jo00335a039 ref Image Madelung Synthesis Scheme.png center 400px The Madelung synthesis This method is essentially confined to the preparation of 2 alkinylindoles not easily accessible through electrophile aromatic substitution because of the vigorous reaction conditions. References references Category Indole forming reactions Category Intramolecular condensation reactions Category Name reactions reaction stub ar fr Synth se de Madelung it Sintesi di Madelung dell indolo nl Madelung synthese zh Madelung ... more details
enzyme Name 5 carboxymethyl 2 hydroxymuconate delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.10 CAS number 79079 05 3 IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 10 GO code 0008704 image width caption In enzymology , a 5 carboxymethyl 2 hydroxymuconate Delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.10 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 5 carboxymethyl 2 hydroxymuconate math rightleftharpoons math 5 carboxy 2 oxohept 3 enedioate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 5 carboxymethyl 2 hydroxymuconate , and one product chemistry product , 5 carboxy 2 oxohept 3 enedioate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5 carboxymethyl 2 hydroxymuconate Delta2,Delta4 2 oxo,Delta3 isomerase . This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism and benzoate degradation via hydroxylation . Structural studies As of late 2007, 4 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1GTT , PDB link 1I7O , PDB link 1WZO , and PDB link 2DFU . References reflist 1 cite journal doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1981.tb06377.x author Garrido Pertierra A and Cooper RA date 1981 title Identification and purification of distinct isomerase and decarboxylase enzymes involved in the 4 hydroxyphenylacetate pathway of Escherichia coli journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 117 issue 3 pages 581&ndash 584 pmid 7026235 isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases Category EC 5.3.3 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name aconitate delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.7 CAS number 37318 48 2 IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 7 GO code 0047614 image width caption In enzymology , an aconitate Delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.7 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction trans aconitate math rightleftharpoons math cis aconitate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , trans aconitate , and one product chemistry product , cis aconitate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is aconitate Delta2 Delta3 isomerase . This enzyme is also called aconitate isomerase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Klinman JP and Rose IA date 1971 title Purification and kinetic properties of aconitate isomerase from Pseudomonas putida journal Biochemistry volume 10 issue 12 pages 2253&ndash 2259 doi 10.1021 bi00788a011 pmid 5114987 cite journal author Klinman JP, Rose IA date 1971 title Mechanism of the aconitate isomerase reaction journal Biochemistry. volume 10 pages 2259&ndash 66 pmid 5114988 doi 10.1021 bi00788a012 issue 12 isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases Category EC 5.3.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name methylitaconate delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.6 CAS number 9059 08 9 IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 6 GO code 0050100 image width caption In enzymology , a methylitaconate Delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction methylitaconate math rightleftharpoons math 2,3 dimethylmaleate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , methylitaconate , and one product chemistry product , 2,3 dimethylmaleate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is methylitaconate Delta2 Delta3 isomerase . This enzyme is also called methylitaconate isomerase . This enzyme participates in c5 branched dibasic acid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kung HF, Stadtman TC date 1971 title Nicotinic acid metabolism. VI. Purification and properties of alpha methyleneglutarate mutase B 12 dependent and methylitaconate isomerase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 246 pages 3378&ndash 88 pmid 5574401 issue 10 isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases Category EC 5.3.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name prostaglandin A1 delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.9 CAS number 9055 01 0 IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 9 GO code 0050219 image width caption In enzymology , a prostaglandin A1 Delta isomerase EC number 5.3.3.9 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 13E 15S 15 hydroxy 9 oxoprosta 10,13 dienoate math rightleftharpoons math 13E 15S 15 hydroxy 9 oxoprosta 11,13 dienoate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 13E 15S 15 hydroxy 9 oxoprosta 10,13 dienoate Prostaglandin A1 or PGA1 , and one product chemistry product , 13E 15S 15 hydroxy 9 oxoprosta 11,13 dienoate Prostaglandin C1 . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 13E 15S 15 hydroxy 9 oxoprosta 10,13 dienoate Delta10 Delta11 isomerase . This enzyme is also called prostaglandin A isomerase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Polet H, Levine L date 1975 title Metabolism of prostaglandins E, A, and C in serum journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 250 pages 351&ndash 7 pmid 234423 issue 2 isomerase stub Intramolecular oxidoreductases Category EC 5.3.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Context date September 2010 Autotransporter domain Autotransporter protein s are proteins secreted out the Gram negative bacteria . These beta helix es require a Protein domain domain which is called the intramolecular autochaperone domain . It shows similarities with other intramolecular Pharmacological chaperone chaperone sequences and has a folding associated function. This increases the efficiency, either by stabilizing the beta barrel , or by promoting the folding of the Secretion passenger domain . The autochaperone domain is usually located between the HSF and the passenger domain. When the passenger domain is translocated, starting with its C terminus, the autochaperone domain is first out. This would result in the formation of a hairpin structure . See also Protein domain External links http www.doaj.org doaj?func abstract&id 175033 Surface display of proteins by Gram negative bacterial autotransporters http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6VN3 4J9MWS9 1& user 499882& coverDate 06 2F30 2F2006& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& origin search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1470198162& rerunOrigin scholar.google& acct C000024498& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 499882&md5 2c1a1e0d466b5eb2c0955b5397c4402c&searchtype a Adhesion mediated by autotransporters of Gram negative bacteria Structural and functional features http jb.asm.org cgi content abstract 185 2 489 Identification of Secretion Determinants of the Bordetella pertussis BrkA Autotransporter DEFAULTSORT Autochaperone Category Protein structural motifs Category Protein domains ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Distinguish dismutase A mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the shifting of a functional group from one position to another within the same molecule. Examples of this are bisphosphoglycerate mutase , which appears in red blood cells and phosphoglycerate mutase , which acts in glycolysis . In glycolysis, it changes 3 phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate. In particular it moves phosphate groups within a single molecule, for instance phosphoglycerate mutase. See also Phosphoglucomutase Methylmalonyl CoA mutase Wikipedia MeSH D08 MeSH D08.811.399.520 intramolecular transferases .28EC 5.4.29 Enzymes Mutases Category Enzymes Enzyme stub de Mutasen he ja pt Mutase ... more details
Just as with benzoin condensations the reaction can be carried out as an intramolecular asymmetric ... amide KHMDS . Ref cre Image Stetter intramolecular.png 600px center Scheme 4. Intramolecular ... via Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienones Using the Intramolecular Stetter Reaction ... more details
can also act as catalyst. The reactivity is improved in intramolecular RC reactions, for example ... of Bis enones The Intramolecular Rauhut Currier Reaction Long Cheng Wang, Ana Liza Luis ... Communication DOI 10.1021 ja0121686 ref Image Rauhut Currier intramolecular.png 500px center Intramolecular ... more details
400px center The Boyer reaction Variations involving intramolecular Schmidt reactions have been known since 1991. ref cite journal title Intramolecular Schmidt reaction of alkyl azides author ... 8966 doi 10.1021 ja00023a065 ref An intramolecular reaction has been applied to the synthesis of novel bicyclic lactam s ref cite journal title Cation Control of Regiochemistry of Intramolecular ... pmid 17302421 pmc 2596723 ref Image SchmidtreactionApplication.png 400px center Intramolecular Schmidt ... OrgSynth author Scott Grecian and Jeff Aub title Synthesis of an N Substituted Lactam using an Intramolecular ... more details
distinguish Annulment Annulation derived from annulus mathematics annular , occasionally annelation in organic chemistry is a chemical reaction in which a new ring is constructed on another molecule often another ring . ref GoldBookRef title annulation url http goldbook.iupac.org A00367.html GoldBookRef title annelation url http goldbook.iupac.org A00365.html ref Image AnnulationStrategies.png 400px Annulation A intramolecular ring closing B transannulation C cycloaddition Examples are the Robinson annulation , Danheiser annulation and certain cycloaddition s. Annular molecules are constructed from side on condensed cyclic segments, for example helicene s and acene s. In transannulation a bicyclic molecule is created by intramolecular carbon carbon bond formation in a large monocyclic ring. An example is the samarium II iodide induced ketone alkene cyclization of 5 methylenecyclooctanone which proceeds through a ketyl intermediate ref Construction of Bicyclic Ring Systems via a Transannular SmI2 Mediated Ketone Olefin Cyclization Strategy Gary A. Molander, Barbara Czak , and Michael Rheam J. Org. Chem. 2007 72 5 pp 1755 1764 Article DOI 10.1021 jo062292d ref Image KetoneOlefinCyclization.png 400px Ketone olefin cyclization Benzannulation The term benzannulated compounds refers to derivatives of cyclic compound s usually aromatic which are fused to a benzene ring. Examples are listed in the table below class wikitable style text align center Benzannulated derivative Source of cyclic compound Benzopyrene Pyrene Quinoline rowspan 2 Pyridine Isoquinoline Chromene rowspan 2 Pyran Isochromene Indole rowspan 2 Pyrrole Isoindole Benzofuran rowspan 2 Furan Isobenzofuran Benzimidazole Imidazole Transannular interaction A transannular interaction in chemistry is any chemical interaction favorable or nonfavorable between different chemical bond non bonding molecule molecular functional group groups in a large ring or macrocycle ref Experimental evidence in support of transannul ... more details
enzyme Name Ascopyrone tautomerase EC number 5.3.3.15 CAS number IUBMB EC number 5 3 3 15 GO code image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , an ascopyrone tautomerase EC number 5.3.3.15 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 1,5 anhydro 4 deoxy D glycero hex 3 en 2 ulose math rightleftharpoons math 1,5 anhydro 4 deoxy D glycero hex 1 en 3 ulose Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 1,5 anhydro 4 deoxy D glycero hex 3 en 2 ulose , and one product chemistry product , 1,5 anhydro 4 deoxy D glycero hex 1 en 3 ulose . The enzyme is involved with the anhydrofructose pathway . ref IUBMB http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iubmb enzyme reaction polysacc anhydrofruc.html Anhydrofructose Pathway ref This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases transposing C C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,5 anhydro 4 deoxy D glycero hex 3 en 2 ulose Delta3 Delta1 isomerase . Other names in common use include ascopyrone isomerase , ascopyrone intramolecular oxidoreductase , 1,5 anhydro D glycero hex 3 en 2 ulose tautomerase , APM tautomerase , ascopyrone P tautomerase , and APTM . References reflist 1 cite journal author Yu S, Refdahl C, Lundt I date 2004 title Enzymatic description of the anhydrofructose pathway of glycogen degradation I. Identification and purification of anhydrofructose dehydratase, ascopyrone tautomerase and alpha 1,4 glucan lyase in the fungus Anthracobia melaloma journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 1672 pages 120&ndash 9 pmid 15110094 issue 2 doi 10.1016 j.bbagen.2004.03.004 cite journal author Yu S, Fiskesund R date 2006 title The anhydrofructose pathway and its possible role in stress response and signaling journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 1760 pages 1314&ndash 22 pmid 16822618 issue 9 doi 10.1016 j.bbagen.2006.05.007 See also Anhydrofructose pathway 1,5 anhydro D fructose dehydratase exo 1 4 D glucan lyase isomerase stub Categor ... more details
enzyme Name hydroxyamino benzene mutase EC number 5.4.4.1 CAS number IUBMB EC number 5 4 4 1 GO code image width caption In enzymology , a hydroxyamino benzene mutase EC number 5.4.4.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction hydroxyamino benzene math rightleftharpoons math 2 aminophenol Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , hydroxyamino benzene , and one product chemistry product , 2 Aminophenol 2 aminophenol . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular transferase s transferring hydroxy groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydroxyamino benzene hydroxymutase . Other names in common use include HAB mutase , hydroxylaminobenzene hydroxymutase , and hydroxylaminobenzene mutase . This enzyme participates in naphthalene and anthracene degradation . References reflist 1 cite journal author He Z, Nadeau LJ, Spain JC date 2000 title Characterization of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from pNBZ139 cloned from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45. A highly associated SDS stable enzyme catalyzing an intramolecular transfer of hydroxy groups journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 267 pages 1110&ndash 6 pmid 10672020 doi 10.1046 j.1432 1327.2000.01107.x issue 4 cite journal author Davis JK, Paoli GC, He Z, Nadeau LJ, Somerville CC, Spain JC date 2000 title Sequence analysis and initial characterization of two isozymes of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 journal Appl. Environ. Microbiol. volume 66 pages 2965&ndash 71 pmid 10877793 doi 10.1128 AEM.66.7.2965 2971.2000 issue 7 pmc 92098 DEFAULTSORT Hydroxyaminobenzene mutase Category EC 5.4.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure isomerase stub ... more details
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