rights advocates. The Dutch Animal Health and Welfare Act referred to it in 1981 Acknowledgment of the intrinsic ... rights, human beings have certain moral obligations towards them. blockquote Intrinsic value ..., is hard to reconcile with their intrinsic or inherent value. In 1981 the Dutch government included the Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value argument in a statement concerning the protection of animals ... an Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value , that is a good of their own , and an interest in their own ... engineering . In the debate on bull Herman, concern for the Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value of animals became an issue in its own right. Many felt that there was more to Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value than merely the concern for the animal s welfare. Since then, Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value not only refers to the animal s welfare, but also to the moral attitude society ... however maintain that recognition of the Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value of animals goes beyond ... intrinsic value The cause of much confusion in the discussion over Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic ... with Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value . Broadly speaking there are 4 main positions in this debate defining Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value . One can adhere to a meaning of Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value of animals in a sense that is ref van der Tuuk, Edward. Intrinsic ... l74rq21v5846474t Recognizing the Intrinsic Value of Animals , APS, Van Gorcum, Assen, 1999, chapter ... behaviourism behaviouristic , as a morally neutral value that the animal s own hence intrinsic species ... compared with animal rights The core issue in the debate over intrinsic value of animals remains ... Peter Singer Tom Regan col break Anthropocentrism Intrinsic value ethics Harm principle col break ... more details
About the philosophy of economic value valuation of financial assets Intrinsic value finance Refimprove date August 2007 An intrinsic theory of value also called theory of objective value is any theory of value economics theory of value in economics which holds that the value of an object, good or service, is intrinsic or contained in the item itself. Most such theories look to the process of producing an item, and the costs involved in that process, as a measure of the item s intrinsic value. Some other definitions of it The actual value of a company or an asset based on an underlying perception of its true value including all aspects of the business, in terms of both tangible and intangible factors. This value may or may not be the same as the current market value. Value investors use a variety of analytical techniques in order to estimate the intrinsic value of securities in hopes of finding investments where the true value of the investment exceeds its current market value. For call options, this is the difference between the underlying stock s price and the strike price. For put options, it is the difference between the strike price and the underlying stock s price. In the case of both puts and calls, if the respective difference value is negative, the instrinsic value is given as zero. For example, value investors that follow fundamental analysis look at both qualitative business model, governance, target market factors etc. and quantitative ratios, financial statement analysis, etc. aspects of a business to see if the business is currently out of favor with the market and is really worth much more than its current valuation. ref cite web url http www.investopedia.com terms i intrinsicvalue.asp axzz1pxrmJV3h title Intrinsic Value Definition publisher Investopedia date ref See also Portal Business and economics Adam Smith Labor theory of value Marginalism Socialist economics Subjective theory of value References reflist Category Value theory Category Economic theories ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Cleanup date May 2010 In commodity money , intrinsic value can be partially or entirely due to the desirable features of the object as a medium of exchange and a store of value . Examples of such features include divisibility easily and securely storable and transportable scarcity and hard to counterfeit. When objects come to be used as a medium of exchange they lower the high transaction costs associated with barter and other in kind transactions. In numismatics , intrinsic value is the value of the metal, typically a precious metal, in a coin . For example, if gold trades in commercial markets at a price of Federal money this effect can, at the margin, mitigate forces that are known to cause inflation . When copper prices skyrocketed due to over issuance of Federal Reserve Notes in the mid to late 1970s, there was a fear that the Penny U.S. coin U.S. one cent piece might succumb to this fate. In fact, this did happen, leading the United States Mint Mint to change the composition of the cent in 1982 to allow convertibility between the two competing currencies Federal Reserve Notes issued for profit by a private corporation and United States coins Pursuant to Title 31 Section 5111 of the US Code and under the authority of the Coinage Act of 1792 and the constitution. class wikitable style margin 1em auto 1em auto text align left Intrinsic Value The market value of the constituent metal within a coin. Legal or Face Value The legally defined value of a coin relative to other units of currency. Market Value The price that a coin will fetch in the marketplace. For most coins in circulation this value is coincident with the face value. See also Marginal theory of value Labor theory of value DEFAULTSORT Intrinsic Value Numismatics Category Numismatics nl Intrinsieke waarde ... more details
Intrinsic aging and Extrinsic aging are terms used to describe cutaneous aging of the skin and other parts of the integumentary system , which while having Epidermis skin epidermal wikt concomitant concomitants , seems to primarily involve the dermis . ref YU RJ, Van Scott EJ Alpha hydroxy Acids Science and Therapeutic Use. A Sup to Cosmetic Dermatology , Oct 1994. 1 1 1 5. ref Intrinsic aging is influenced by internal physiological factors alone, and extrinsic aging by many external factors. Intrinsic aging is also called chronologic aging , and extrinsic aging is most often referred to as photoaging . Causes and Effects The effects of intrinsic aging are caused primarily by internal factors alone. It is sometimes referred to as chronological aging and is an inherent degenerative process due to declining physiologic functions and capacities. Such an aging process may include qualitative and quantitative changes and includes diminished or defective synthesis of collagen and elastin in the dermis. Extrinsic aging of skin is a distinctive declination process caused by external factors which include ultra violet radiation, cigarette smoking, air pollution, among others. Of all extrinsic causes, radiation from sunlight has the most widespread documentation of its negative effects on the skin. Because of this, extrinsic aging is often referred to as photoaging. ref Gilchrest BA Overview of skin aging. J Cut Aging & Cos Derm 1 1 1 2, 1998 ref ref Klingman AM, Klingman LH Photoaging. In Fitzpatick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg IM, Austen KF eds. Dermatology in General Medicine, Vol. II . New York, NY McGraw Hill, Inc. 1993 2972 2970 ref ref Uitto J, Fazio MJ, Olsen DR Cutaneous aging Molecular alterations in elastic fibers. J Cuta Aging & Cos Derm 1 1 13 26, 1998. ref Photoaging may be defined as skin changes caused by chronic exposure to UV light. Photodamage , implies changes beyond those associated with aging alone, defined as cutaneous damage caused by chronic exposure ... more details
Infobox Muscle Name Intrinsic muscles of external ear Latin GraySubject 229 GrayPage 1035 Image Gray906.png Caption The muscles of the auricula. Image2 Caption2 Origin Insertion Blood Nerve Action Antagonist MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The intrinsic muscles of the external ear are the The Helicis major is a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the helix . It arises below, from the spina helicis , and is inserted into the anterior border of the helix, just where it is about to curve backward. The Helicis minor is an oblique Muscle fascicle fasciculus , covering the crus helicis . The Tragicus is a short, flattened vertical band on the lateral surface of the tragus ear tragus . The Antitragicus arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis and antihelix . The Transversus auricul is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna anatomy pinna . It consists of scattered fibers, partly tendinous and partly muscular, extending from the eminentia conchae to the prominence corresponding with the scapha . The Obliquus auricul , also on the cranial surface, consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it. Gray s Category Ear muscle stub ... more details
over more easily to more general situations. A scalar valued function on a Cartesian product or Direct ... product implies that, for each multilinear function math f in L underbrace V,V, dots,V m, underbrace V ,V , dots,V n W math there exists a unique linear function math T f in L V otimes cdots otimes ... 1998 pages 145 146 . DEFAULTSORT Tensor Intrinsic Definition Category Tensors fr Tenseur math matiques ... more details
Pfam box Symbol MIP Name Major intrinsic protein image PDB 1fx8 EBI.jpg width caption Structure of a glycerol conducting channel. ref name pmid11039922 cite journal author Fu D, Libson A, Miercke LJ, et al. title Structure of a glycerol conducting channel and the basis for its selectivity journal Science volume 290 issue 5491 pages 481 6 year 2000 month October pmid 11039922 doi 10.1126 science.290.5491.481 url ref Pfam PF00230 InterPro IPR000425 SMART PROSITE PDOC00193 SCOP 1fx8 TCDB 1.A.8 OPM family 7 OPM protein 1z98 CDD cd00333 PDB PDB3 1z98 M 31 260 PDB3 2b5f C 31 260 PDB3 2b6o A 3 219 PDB3 1sor A 5 219 PDB3 1ymg A 3 219 PDB3 2b6p A 3 219 PDB3 2c32 A 3 219 PDB3 2d57 A 28 248 PDB3 1s6e A 16 231 PDB3 1h6i A 4 227 PDB3 1fqy A 4 227 PDB3 1ih5 A 4 227 PDB3 1j4n A 4 229 PDB3 1ufd D 36 244 PDB3 2evu A 2 240 PDB3 2f2b A 2 240 PDB3 2abm C 1 223 PDB3 1rc2 B 1 223 Major intrinsic proteins are a large Protein family family of transmembrane protein channels that are grouped together on the basis of sequence similarities ref name PUB00001006 cite journal author Reizer J, Reizer A, Saier Jr MH title The MIP family of integral membrane channel proteins sequence comparisons, evolutionary relationships, reconstructed pathway of evolution, and proposed functional differentiation of the two repeated halves of the proteins journal Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. volume 28 issue 3 pages 235 257 year 1993 pmid 8325040 doi 10.3109 10409239309086796 ref ref name PUB00003816 cite journal author Pao GM, Johnson KD, Chrispeels MJ, Sweet G, Sandal NN, Wu LF, Saier Jr MH, Hofte H title Evolution of the MIP family of integral membrane transport proteins journal Mol. Microbiol. volume 5 issue 1 pages 33 37 year 1991 pmid 2014003 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2958.1991.tb01823.x ref ref name PUB00005368 cite journal ... s. Examples MIP family includes the following channels Mammalian major intrinsic protein MIP ... membrane induced during nodulation in legume roots after Rhizobium infection. Plants tonoplast intrinsic ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Label free Intrinsic Imaging is used for the analysis of biomolecules and utilizes a technology that avoids the need for labels commonly required in capillary electrophoresis CE and other related analysis techniques. Label free Intrinsic Imaging LFII originated in particle physics but is now being applied to biochemical analysis in the capillary and microfluidic separation sciences and is adaptable to most forms of capillary electrophoresis, including capillary zone electrophoresis CZE and capillary gel electrophoresis CGE . Labeled CE systems offer low limits of detection and good specificity of target interaction in complex environments but they are not able to provide multi target imaging or any reproducibility of stain target stoichiometry and the specialization of the dye target relationship introduces biases that add complexity to process analytical technology PAT workflow and data handling. Advantages Eliminating labels brings economic, technical and practical advantages to the established methods of CE. ref http aiche.confex.com aiche 2005 techprogram P26744.HTM ref Label free analysis images the absorption directly or indirectly of the analyte itself, for example the absorption of the peptide bond that joins the amino acids that make up a protein . As a result this removes the error inherent in using a chemical dye attached to the analyte as the visualizer, which significantly improves repeatability and quantification. This also cuts out any costs for labels or dyes, and allows analytes such as proteins to be separated in their native state permitting interactions between properly folding molecules to be performed in a CE environment. A label free system can therefore offer improved dynamic range concentration and molecular weight , Optical resolution resolution , quantification and reproducibility . Process Such technology utilizes a multi pixel diode array and the processing of the acquired signals from each molecular species as it traverses ... more details
The describing function DF method of Nikolay Mitrofanovich Krylov and Nikolay Bogolyubov is an approximate procedure for analyzing certain nonlinear control problems. It is based on quasi linearization, which is the approximation of the non linear system under investigation by an LTI system transfer function that depends on the amplitude of the input waveform. By definition, a transfer function of a true LTI system cannot depend on the amplitude of the input function because an LTI system is linear system linear . Thus, this dependence on amplitude generates a family of linear systems that are combined ... generate periodic oscillation s. The describing function method attempts to predict characteristics ... and possibly amplitude in this case, the describing function method can be thought of as describing the sliding mode control sliding mode of the feedback system. File Function block harmonic balance.png ... the system would be characterized by a sine input describing function SIDF math H A, ,j ... math omega math . This SIDF is a modification of the transfer function math H j omega math used ... frequency math omega math as the input. This is because such systems may possess intrinsic low .... In addition the higher order sinusoidal input describing function s HOSIDF , describe the response .... Caveats Although the describing function method can produce reasonably accurate results ..., there are no periodic solutions by describing function method, ref cite journal author Leonov G.A. ... title Aizerman s and Kalman s conjectures and describing function method ref but counterexamples with periodic solutions are well known. Therefore, the application of the describing function ... NonLinear2DescFcn.htm The Describing Function A Tool for Predicting Nonlinear System Oscillation ...,Ch.5 The Describing Function http www.atp.ruhr uni bochum.de rt1 nonlin node12.html D. P. Atherton The Describing Function teaching module DEFAULTSORT Describing Function Category Nonlinear control de ... more details
In mathematics, omega function or function may refer to Pearson Cunningham function Lambert W function Wright Omega function Mathematical disambiguation ... more details
Barnes G function , related to the Gamma function Meijer G function , a generalization of the hypergeometric function Siegel G function , a class of functions in transcendence theory mathdab ... more details
In mathematics, by sigma function one can mean one of the following The Divisor function sum of divisors function sub a sub n , an arithmetic function Weierstrass sigma function , related to elliptic functions Kronecker s sigma function Rado s sigma function, see busy beaver See also sigmoid function . mathdab de Teilersumme fr Fonction sigma ... more details
Function test or functional test can refer to Thyroid function tests Liver function tests Lung function test Functional testing disambig ... more details
wiktionary Comparison function may refer to Nachbin s theorem a theorem in the area of complex analysis Class kappa function a special function used control theory Class kappa ell function a special function used control theory . Disambig ... more details
Green function might refer to Green s function of a differential operator. Deligne Lusztig theory Green function in the representation theory of finite groups of Lie type. Green s function many body theory Green s function in many body theory . disambig ... more details
Riemann function may refer to one of the several function mathematics functions named after the mathematician Bernhard Riemann , including Riemann zeta function Thomae s function Riemann theta function . dab fr Fonction de Riemann ... more details
Mass function may refer to Initial mass function , a function that describes the mass distribution of a population of stars in terms of their initial mass Probability mass function , a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value disambig ... more details
In mathematics, the function named for the Greek letter or Xi may refer to Riemann function , a variant of the Riemann zeta function with a simpler functional equation Harish Chandra s function , a special spherical function on a semisimple Lie group Mathematical disambiguation ... more details
In mathematics , a zeta function is usually a function mathematics function analogous to the original example the Riemann zeta function math zeta s sum n 1 infty frac 1 n s . math Zeta functions include Airy zeta function , related to the zeros of the Airy function Arithmetic zeta function Artin Mazur zeta function Artin Mazur zeta function of a dynamical system Barnes zeta function Beurling zeta function of Beurling generalized primes Dedekind zeta function Dedekind zeta function of a number field Real analytic Eisenstein series Epstein zeta function Epstein zeta function of a quadratic form. Goss zeta function of a function field Hasse Weil zeta function Hasse Weil zeta function of a variety Hurwitz zeta function Hurwitz zeta function A generalization of the Riemann zeta function Ihara zeta function Ihara zeta function of a graph Igusa zeta function Igusa zeta function Jacobi zeta function This is related to elliptic functions and is not analogous to the Riemann zeta function. L function , a twisted zeta function. Lefschetz zeta function Lefschetz zeta function of a morphism Lerch zeta function Lerch zeta function A generalization of the Riemann zeta function Local zeta function of a characteristic p variety Matsumoto zeta function Minakshisundaram Pleijel zeta function of a Laplacian Motivic zeta function of a motive Mordell Tornheim zeta function of several variables Multiple zeta function p adic zeta function of a p adic number Prime zeta function Like the Riemann zeta function, but only summed over primes. Riemann zeta function The archetypal example. Selberg zeta function Selberg zeta function of a Riemann surface Shimizu L function Shintani zeta function Weierstrass zeta function This is related to elliptic functions and is not analogous to the Riemann zeta function. Witten zeta function of a Lie group Zeta function operator Zeta function of an operator See also Artin conjecture L functions Artin conjecture Birch and Swinnerton Dyer conjecture Riemann hypothesis ... more details
In mathematics , two different function mathematics functions are known as the pi or Pi function math pi x , math pi function &ndash the prime counting function math Pi x , math Pi function &ndash the Gamma function when offset to coincide with the factorial disambig th ... more details
The term potential function may refer to A mathematical function mathematics function whose values are a physical potential . The class of functions known as harmonic function s, which are the topic of study in potential theory . The potential function of a potential game . A function used in the potential method of amortized analysis to describe an investment of resources by past operations that can be used by future operations. mathdab ... more details
Psi function can refer to the Dedekind psi function math psi n math the Chebyshev function math psi x math the polygamma function math psi m z math or its special cases the digamma function math psi z math the trigamma function math psi 1 z math mathdab de Psi Funktion ... more details
In number theory , Dedekind function can refer to any of three functions, all introduced by Richard Dedekind Dedekind eta function Dedekind psi function Dedekind zeta function disambig de Dedekindsche Funktion ... more details
Function value may refer to In mathematics, the value of a function mathematics function when applied to an argument In computer science, a closure computer science closure disambiguation ... more details
In mathematics , influence function is used to mean either a synonym for a Green s function Influence function statistics , the effect on an estimator of changing one point of the sample. disambig ... more details
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