About the philosophy of economic value valuation of financial assets Intrinsicvalue finance Refimprove date August 2007 An intrinsictheory of value also called theory of objective value is any theory of value economics theory of value in economics which holds that the value of an object, good or service, is intrinsic or contained in the item itself. Most such theories look to the process of producing an item, and the costs involved in that process, as a measure of the item s intrinsicvalue. Some other definitions of it The actual value of a company or an asset based on an underlying perception of its true value including all aspects of the business, in terms of both tangible and intangible factors. This value may or may not be the same as the current market value. Value investors use a variety of analytical techniques in order to estimate the intrinsicvalue of securities in hopes of finding investments where the true value of the investment exceeds its current market value. For call options, this is the difference between the underlying stock s price and the strike price. For put options, it is the difference between the strike price and the underlying stock s price. In the case of both puts and calls, if the respective difference value is negative, the instrinsic value is given as zero. For example, value investors that follow fundamental analysis look at both qualitative business model, governance, target market factors etc. and quantitative ratios, financial statement analysis, etc. aspects of a business to see if the business is currently out of favor with the market ... terms i intrinsicvalue.asp axzz1pxrmJV3h title IntrinsicValue Definition publisher Investopedia date ref See also Portal Business and economics Adam Smith Labor theory of value Marginalism Socialist economics Subjective theory of value References reflist Category Valuetheory Category Economic theories Econ theory stub bg de Intrinsische Bewertungsmethode nl ... more details
Intrinsicvalue can refer to Intrinsicvalue finance , of an option or stock. Intrinsicvalue numismatics , of a coin. Intrinsicvalue ethics , in ethics and philosophy. Intrinsicvalue animal ethics , in philosophy. Intrinsictheory of value , an economic theory of worth. See also Extrinsic valueValue disambiguation disambig ... more details
About the valuation of financial assets the philosophy of economic valueIntrinsictheory of value unreferenced date January 2011 In finance , intrinsicvalue refers to the value of a Security finance security which is intrinsic to or contained in the security itself. It is also frequently called fundamental value . It is ordinarily calculated by summing the future income generated by the asset, and discounting it to the present value . Simply put, it is the actual value of a Security finance security as opposed to the market or book value . Options An option finance option is said to have intrinsicvalue if the option is in the money . When out of the money , its intrinsicvalue is zero The intrinsicvalue for an in the money option is calculated as the absolute value of the difference between ... is USD 1.20, then the option has an intrinsicvalue of USD 0.20. The total value of an option is the sum of its intrinsicvalue and its Option time value time value . Equity See also Valuation using discounted cash flows John Burr Williams Theory In valuing Stock equity , securities analyst s may use fundamental analysis as opposed to technical analysis to estimate the intrinsicvalue of a company. Here the intrinsic characteristic considered is the expected cash flow production of the company in question. Intrinsicvalue is therefore defined to be the present value of all expected future net ... related approach, is to view intrinsicvalue as the value of a business ongoing operations, as opposed to its accounting based book value , or break up value. Warren Buffett is known for his ability to calculate the intrinsicvalue of a business, and then buy that business when its price is at a discount to its intrinsicvalue. Real Estate In valuing real estate , a similar approach may be used. The intrinsicvalue of real estate is therefore defined as the net present value of all future net ... IntrinsicValue Finance Category Derivatives finance no Fundamentalverdi finans th ... more details
for intrinsicvalue of animals Intrinsicvalue animal ethics Intrinsicvalue is an ethical and Intrinsic ... properties philosophy intrinsic property . An object with intrinsicvalue may be regarded as an end ... depends on how much it generates intrinsicvalue. For an eudaemonist , happiness has intrinsicvalue, while having a family may not have intrinsicvalue, yet be instrumental, since it generates happiness. Intrinsicvalue is a term employed in axiology , the study of quality or value. Terminology Other names Other names for intrinsicvalue are terminal value , essential value , principle value or ultimate ... concepts Intrinsicvalue is mainly used in ethics, but the concept is also used in philosophy ... . The relative value ethics relative intrinsicvalue is roughly synonymous with the ethic ideal . Inherent value may be regarded a first grade instrumental value when a personal experience is the intrinsic ... plans or intends to achieve or bring about Relation to purpose Intrinsicvalue is strongly linked to the purpose in life, since the purpose is generally to increase the intrinsicvalue. Life stances and intrinsicvalue This is a table which attempts to summarize the main intrinsicvalue of different ... and purposes class wikitable Life stance br and other views Main intrinsicvalue Nihilism clarifyme ... haught 22 1 ref one, or several ref name meanothing things in the world with intrinsicvalue. Intrinsic ... in the world as having intrinsicvalue. Equality See Ethic value equality Among followers of aliquidistic lifestances regarding more than one thing as having intrinsicvalue, these may be regarded ... valued because of their instrumental value s resulting in unequal whole value s. Intrinsic ... value instrumentally valuable , since intrinsic monistic views also may hold other intrinsic values ... indirectly to their own chosen intrinsicvalue. The most simple form of intrinsic multism is intrinsic bi ism from Latin two , which holds two objects as having intrinsicvalue. Humanism is an example ... more details
behaviour Ethology The intrinsicvalue of an animal refers to the value it possesses in its own right, as an end in itself, as opposed to its Instrumental value , its value to other animals including ... rights, human beings have certain moral obligations towards them. blockquote Intrinsicvalue ..., is hard to reconcile with their intrinsic or inherent value. In 1981 the Dutch government included the Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue argument in a statement concerning the protection of animals ... an Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue , that is a good of their own , and an interest in their own ... engineering . In the debate on bull Herman, concern for the Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue of animals became an issue in its own right. Many felt that there was more to Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue than merely the concern for the animal s welfare. Since then, Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue not only refers to the animal s welfare, but also to the moral attitude society ... however maintain that recognition of the Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue of animals goes beyond ... intrinsicvalue The cause of much confusion in the discussion over Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsic ... with Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue . Broadly speaking there are 4 main positions in this debate defining Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue . One can adhere to a meaning of Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue of animals in a sense that is ref van der Tuuk, Edward. Intrinsic ... l74rq21v5846474t Recognizing the IntrinsicValue of Animals , APS, Van Gorcum, Assen, 1999, chapter ... behaviourism behaviouristic , as a morally neutral value that the animal s own hence intrinsic species ... in this context to Expectancy valuetheory expectancy values see also ethology utilitarian , as a formal ... compared with animal rights The core issue in the debate over intrinsicvalue of animals remains ... Peter Singer Tom Regan col break Anthropocentrism Intrinsicvalue ethics Harm principle col break ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Cleanup date May 2010 In commodity money , intrinsicvalue can be partially or entirely due to the desirable features of the object as a medium of exchange and a store of value . Examples of such features include divisibility easily and securely storable and transportable scarcity and hard to counterfeit. When objects come to be used as a medium of exchange they lower the high transaction costs associated with barter and other in kind transactions. In numismatics , intrinsicvalue is the value of the metal, typically a precious metal, in a coin . For example, if gold trades in commercial markets at a price of Federal money this effect can, at the margin, mitigate forces that are known to cause inflation . When copper prices skyrocketed due to over issuance of Federal Reserve Notes in the mid to late 1970s, there was a fear that the Penny U.S. coin U.S. one cent piece might succumb to this fate. In fact, this did happen, leading the United States Mint Mint to change the composition of the cent in 1982 to allow convertibility between the two competing currencies Federal Reserve Notes issued for profit by a private corporation and United States coins Pursuant to Title 31 Section 5111 of the US Code and under the authority of the Coinage Act of 1792 and the constitution. class wikitable style margin 1em auto 1em auto text align left IntrinsicValue The market value of the constituent metal within a coin. Legal or Face Value The legally defined value of a coin relative to other units of currency. Market Value The price that a coin will fetch in the marketplace. For most coins in circulation this value is coincident with the face value. See also Marginal theory of value Labor theory of value DEFAULTSORT IntrinsicValue Numismatics Category Numismatics nl Intrinsieke waarde ... more details
Theory of value is an ambiguous term, and may mean Theory of value economics , where value is meant as economic worth of goods and services. Valuetheory , where value is meant in the philosophical sense. disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Valuetheory encompasses a range of approaches to understanding how, why and to what degree people should value things whether the thing is a person, idea, object, or anything ... . Today much of valuetheory is science scientifically empirical , recording what people do value and attempting to understand why they value it in the context of psychology , sociology , and economics ... and valuetheory, which is more general in scope. Sociology Main Value personal and cultural In sociology , valuetheory is concerned with personal values which are popularly held by a community ... in the marketplace or its exchange value , versus perceived intrinsic and experiential goods to the buyer .... In Ecological Economics valuetheory is separated into two types Donor type value and receiver type ... used in neo classical economics. In contrast both, Marx s Labour Theory of Value and the Emergy concept ... . A number of useful distinctions have been made by philosophers in the treatment of value. Intrinsic and instrumental value Main Intrinsicvalue ethics Instrumental value Many people find it useful to distinguish instrumental value and intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue s , first discussed by Plato ... thing is worth having for itself, not as a means to something else. It is giving valueintrinsic ... ecosystems have intrinsicvalue, prior to and apart from their instrumental value as resources for humans ... already held, roughly similar to an object with Relative value philosophy relative Intrinsicvalue ethics intrinsicvalue . His empirical approach had absolute intrinsicvalue denial , not accepting intrinsicvalue as an inherent or enduring property of things. He saw it as an illusory product of our ... importance Morality Axiology Normative science Aesthetics Ethics Logic Summum bonum Value added theory ... Rationality and power Graded absolutism DEFAULTSORT ValueTheory Category Value Category Axiological .... Methods of study range from questionnaire surveys to participant observation. Economics Main Theory ... more details
Theory of value is a generic term which encompasses all the theories within economics that attempt to explain the exchange value or price of good economics goods and Service economics services . Key questions in economic theory include why goods and services are priced as they are, how the value of goods and services comes about, and for normative value theories how to calculate the correct price of goods and services if such a value exists . Theories of value fall into two main categories Intrinsic objective theories see main article Intrinsictheory of valueIntrinsic theories, as the name implies, hold that the price of goods and services is not a function of subjective judgements. Subjective theories see main article Subjective theory of value Subjective theories hold that for an object to have economic value a non zero price , the object must be useful in satisfying human wants and it must be in limited supply. This is the foundation of the Marginalism marginalist theory of value. In the context of explaining price, the marginal utility theory is not a normative theory of value. In either case what are being addressed are general prices, i.e. prices in the aggregate, not a specific price of a specific good or service in a given circumstance. Theories in either class allow for deviations when a particular price is struck in a real world market transactions, or when a price is set in some price fixing regime. See also Cost of production theory of value Utility theory of value Labor theory of value Power theory of value Marginalism Paradox of valueValue economics References Cite NIE Value political economy year 1905 DEFAULTSORT Theory Of Value Economics Category Valuetheory Category Economic theories Econ theory stub de Werttheorie it Teorie del valore la Theoria valoris nl Waardetheorie economie sv V rdeteori ekonomi ... more details
p.132 ref The theory contrasts with intrinsictheory of valueintrinsic theories of value that hold ... versions of the labor theory of value that say the exchange value of a good should be proportional to how much labor went into producing it. The subjective theory of value is a denial of intrinsicvalue ... Free price system Intrinsictheory of value Labour theory of value Marginalism , the theory of marginal ...Refimprove date November 2008 The subjective theory of value , also known as the theory of subjective value , is an economic theory of value economics theory of value that identifies worth as being based on the wants and needs of the members of a society, as opposed to value being inherent to an object. It holds that to possess value an object must be useful, with the extent of that value dependent ... see labor theory of value . Overview The theory holds that things become valuable in the economic ... to demand or that satisfy no wants are free. The subjective theory of value was built upon to develop marginalist economics. The subjective theory contrasts with Intrinsictheory of valueintrinsic theories of value , such as the labor theory of value Citation needed date October 2010 which ... at which it trades in a free market . Whereas the labor theory of value has been used to condemn Profit economics profit as exploitation , the subjective theory of value rebuts that condemnation a buyer ... of the buyer s opinion, which the seller is free to reject. Indeed, the subjective theory of value ... of his possessions. In contrast to intrinsicvalue theories, which tend to support the conclusion ... of labor, the subjective valuetheory holds that one can create value simply by transferring ... Theory of Value . from The Concise Guide To Economics by Jim Cox, contrasting the Labor Theory with the Subjective ... Theory of Value by Ludwig Von Mises http www.mises.org story 2308 Artwork and the Subjective Theory of Value , an article by Kim Yumi. DEFAULTSORT Subjective Theory Of Value Category Value ... more details
The labour theories of value LTV are heterodox theory of value economics economic theories of value which ... Labour Theory of Value and Marginal Utilities. Economics of Planning 1963 3, p. 89 103, where the conditions ... When speaking in terms of a labour theory of value, value , without any qualifying adjective should ... David Ricardo Valuetheory David Ricardo and Karl Marx attempted to quantify and embody all of the labour ... theory of value, as presented by Adam Smith , however, did not require the quantification of all past ... in the production of a commodity. The Smith theory of value was very similar to the later utility theories ... Value without qualification as an intrinsic worth which stands without the process of exchange ... of development in capitalist societies. Other supporters of the labour theory of value used ... The Empirical Strength of the Labour Theory of Value ref However, most economists would say .... 1, Cambridge University Press ref Marx later called this Smith s adding up theory of value . Smith ... of the LTV Early insights in the labour theory of value appear in Aristotle s Politics Aristotle Politics . He developed a theory of the value of labour , holding that the value of labour skills is given ... theory of value can be traced back to him. ref Russel, Bertrand 1946 History of Western philosophy ... J. Jaffe and Kenneth M. Lusht The history of the valuetheory the early years ,p.11 in Essays in honor .... ref http www.ehu.es kormazabal SmithOnLaborValue.pdf Smith on Labor Value ref Ricardo s theory was a predecessor ... theory of value production costs associated with http cepa.newschool.edu het schools neoric.htm neo ... ugcm 3ll3 whitaker labortheory.pdf History and Criticism of the Labor Theory of Value , pp. 15 16 ... of as the genuine classical labor theory of value, that labor cost regulates market value. This theory ... ugcm 3ll3 whitaker labortheory.pdf History and Criticism of the Labor Theory of Value , pp. 15 16 ref Classical economist David Ricardo s labour theory of value holds that the Value economics value ... more details
Criticisms of the labour theory of value often arise from an economic criticism of Marxism . Microeconomic ... force of the economy. Proponents of the LTV Labor Theory of Value would reply that as capitalism ... these commodities, are discussed in L. Johansen Labour Theory of Value and Marginal Utilities ... of view, forcefully one must either abandon the Labour theory of value Labour Theory of Value , or make a very specific Labour theory of value The relation between values and prices distinction ..., rendering it usually Criticisms of the labour theory of value The inapplicability of the LTV inapplicable under an Economy economic context see Criticisms of the labour theory of value The inapplicability ... that he considered his marginal analysis quite consistent with the labour theory of value as he established ... date June 2011 Menger s critique Opponents of Marxist economics argue that the Labour Theory of Value ... Volume 1 Part 1 Chapter 1 B hm Bawerk s criticism This section is linked from Labor theory of value ... its mark up in value over the course of its production. B hm Bawerk s positive theory ... Labor theory of value B hm Bawerk s criticism above . Neoclassical economics also follows this lead ... necessary in the labour theory of value as not well defined and concealing a subjective judgement of necessity ... of the labour theory of value, though that usage is not in conformity with Marx s. The Marxian labour theory of value LTV is intended to explain the determination of prices under commodity ... 1867 c1 ch03.htm a43 However the socially necessary labour theory of value only becomes inapplicable ... value, and with equal justification one could set out a wiktionary corn corn theory of value , identical to the labour theory of value. ref http plato.stanford.edu entries marx 3 Karl Marx 3 ref ... supporters of the LTV, however, accept the thrust of the corn theory of value critique, but emphasise ... of political philosophy Labour theory of value Category Labor Category History of economic thought ... more details
Expectancy valuetheory was originally created in order to explain and predict individual s attitudes toward object s and actions. Originally the work of psychologist Martin Fishbein , the theory states ... and Ajzen expanded expectancy valuetheory into the theory of reasoned action TRA . Later Ajzen posited the theory of planned behavior TPB in his book Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior 1988 ..., A. B. 2005 . Children theorize about reasons for recess engagement Does expectancy valuetheory apply? Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly , 22, 179. Internal link http en.wikipedia.org wiki Theory of Planned Behavior External links http www.people.umass.edu aizen Icek Ajzen s webpage Watch videos on expectancy valuetheory and more for free http www.teacherstoolbox.co.uk Teachers Toolbox ..., the theory attempts to determine the mental calculation s that take place in attitude development. Expectancy valuetheory has been used to develop other theories and is still utilized today in numerous fields of study. History Dr. Martin Fishbein is credited with developing the expectancy valuetheory EVT in the early to mid 1970s. It is sometimes referred to as Fishbein s expectancy valuetheory or simply expectancy value model. The primary work typically cited by scholars referring to EVT is Martin ... to Theory and Research . The seed work of EVT can be seen in Fishbein s doctoral dissertation .... Second, individuals assign a value to each attribute that a belief is based on. Third, an expectation ... a positive value to humor in the classroom, so the student has the expectation that their experience .... Fishbein and Ajzen 1975 represented the theory with the following equation where attitudes a are a factorial ...., & Ajzen, I. 1975 . Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior an introduction to theory and research ... & Behavior , 26, 689. Palmgreen, P., & Rayburn, J. 1985 . An Expectancy Value Approach to Media ... value analysis of viewer interest in television prevention news stories. Health Communication ... more details
In economics , the cost of production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition ... also refutes the labor theory of value in later sections of that chapter. This refutation leads to what later became known as the transformation problem . Karl Marx later takes up that theory in the first volume of Capital , while indicating that he is quite aware that the theory is untrue at lower ... explicitly rejected the labor theory of price ref name Gordon Donald F. Gordon, What was the Labor Theory of Value , American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings , V. 49, n. 2 May 1959 462 472 ... and are not to be used interchangeably. Labor theory of value main Labor theory of value The labor theories ... Of Value Category Production economics Category History of economic thought Category Valuetheory ... on price taxation . The theory makes the most sense under assumptions of constant returns ... development of theory Historically, the most well known proponent of such theories is probably ... first volume of the Collected Works of David Ricardo , referred to Adam Smith s adding up theory ... of later classical economics classical economists , with the Ricardo Malthus West theory of rent. David Ricardo mixed such cost of production theory of prices with the labor theory of value , as that latter theory was understood by Eugen von B hm Bawerk and others. This is the theory that prices tend toward proportionality to the socially necessary labor embodied in a commodity. Ricardo sets this theory ... different theory of cost determined prices is provided by the neo Ricardian School http homepage.newschool.edu ... and raw material extraction . One might think of this theory as equivalent to modern ..., ref name HallHitch R. L. Hall and C. J. Hitch, Price Theory and Business Behaviour , Oxford Economic ... think they can justify theories of full cost pricing within their theory. The majority of mainstream economists would probably then accept this theory as an element in their theory which does not give ... more details
sociology Value added theory also known as Strain theory sociology social strain theory was first proposed by Neil Smelser and is based on the assumption that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement . ref name Kendall Kendall, 2005 ref Smelser saw social movements as side effects of rapid social change . ref name Porta Porta & Diani, 2006 ref Smelser argued that six things were necessary and sufficient for collective behavior to emerge, ref name Kendall and that social movement evolves through those relevant stages ref name Porta ref Sztompka, 2004 ref Structural conduciveness the structure of the society e.g. spatial proximity must be such that certain protest actions become more likely. People must be aware of the problem and have the opportunity to act. Structural strain there must be a strain on society, caused by factors related to the structure of the current social system , such as inequality or injustice, and existing power holders are unable or unwilling to address the problem see also relative deprivation . Generalized belief the problem should be clearly defined in a way that is agreed by and understood by the participants. See also framing .... ref name Kendall ref name Porta See also valuetheory Notes Reflist References Piotr Sztompka in Shaping sociological imagination The importance of theory , Jeffrey C. Alexander , Gary T. Marx ... books?ie UTF 8&vid ISBN1405102829&id LPzuN07KYgEC&num 10&pg PA7&lpg PA7&dq value added Smelser 1963&sig FXEKKfjbwBtq 5cCRzrXObddUdw Google Print, p.7 Further reading Neil J. Smelser , Theory of collective behavior , various, 1962 DEFAULTSORT Value Added Theory Category Social movements Category ... of value added was used earlier in economics , where it refers to the increasing value of product in progressing stages of production. Critics of this theory note that it is too focused on Structural ... 10&pg PA254&lpg PA254&dq value added Smelser 1963&sig 29T5PogNI 6ot nXSAqktcOh o4 Google Print, p.254 ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Theory of Harmonial Value Type Album Artist Moneen Cover Moneen Theory.jpg Recorded January 2001, Chemical Sound , Toronto , Canada Released August 7, 2001 Genre Emo music Emo , Indie rock Length 58 40 Label Smallman Records Producer Greg Dawson and Moneen Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r566092 pure url yes link Last album Smaller Chairs for the Early 1900s br 2000 This album The Theory of Harmonial Value br 2001 Next album Are We Really Happy With Who We Are Right Now? br 2003 The Theory of Harmonial Value is the second release by the Rock music rock band Moneen . This is also their first full length album. The album is named after the papers of Dr. Lozlo Pronowski, a fictional scientist created by the band. Track listing tracklist total length 58 40 all writing Moneen title1 The Start to This May Be the End to Another length1 6 09 title2 A Realization of How It s Always Been length2 4 27 title3 What Did You Say?...I m Sorry My Eyes Are on Fire length3 5 42 title4 Half Empty? Half Full? I Never Got a Glass to Start With length4 4 17 title5 What the Weatherman Forgot to Tell You length5 4 52 title6 No Better Way to Show Your Love Than a Set of Broken Legs length6 4 02 title7 Why Bother Wondering When Wondering s All You Got length7 3 55 title8 The Passing of America length8 6 53 title9 I Wish I Was There to See the Way It Was Supposed to Be length9 6 00 title10 Tonight, I m Gone... length10 12 27 Moneen DEFAULTSORT Theory Of Harmonial Value, The Category Moneen albums Category 2001 debut albums 2000s indie rock album stub ... more details
About the extreme valuetheory in statistics the result in calculus extreme value theorem Expert subject statistics date May 2008 File 1755 Lisbon earthquake.jpg thumb Extreme valuetheory is used to model the risk of extreme, rare events, such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake . Extreme valuetheory or extreme value analysis EVA is a branch of statistics dealing with the extreme deviation s from the median ... Over Threshold method POT . Basic theory approach as described in the book by Burry 1975 . In general this conforms to the Fisher Tippett Gnedenko theorem first theorem in extreme valuetheory ... second theorem in extreme valuetheory Pickands, 1975 Balkema and de Haan, 1974 . The difference between ... of extreme valuetheory include predicting the probability distribution of Extreme flood s The amounts ... 100m World Records Through Extreme ValueTheory journal CentER Discussion Paper, Tilburg University ... Pipeline failures due to pitting corrosion History The field of extreme valuetheory was pioneered by Leonard ... in statistics Extreme valuetheory List of publications in statistics . Univariate theory Classical extreme valuetheory and models Let math X 1, dots, X n math be a sequence of independent and identically ... See also Generalized extreme value distribution Pareto distribution Large deviation theory Weibull ... in Applied Science . John Wiley & Sons. Castillo E. 1988 Extreme valuetheory in engineering. Academic ... Extreme ValueTheory can save your neck Easy non mathematical introduction pdf http www.bankofcanada.ca wp content uploads 2010 01 wp00 20.pdf Steps in Applying Extreme ValueTheory to Finance A Review ... ValueTheory Category Actuarial science Category Statistical theory Category Emergency management ... variable, the probability of events that are more extreme than any observed prior. Extreme value ... of hydrology to estimate the value an unusually large flooding event, such as the 100 year flood . Similarly ... creates problems with the basic model assumptions. Extreme value distributions are the limiting distributions ... more details
Predicted outcome valuetheory introduced in 1986 by Michael Sunnafrank, posits that people seek information ... within the relationship. Predicted outcome valuetheory proposes that initial interaction behaviors ... or curtail would result from negative predictions. Given this, predicted outcome valuetheory .... 2nd Edition . London Sage Publication, Inc. ref Related Predicted outcome valuetheory is an alternative to uncertainty reduction theory , which Charles Berger academic Charles R. Berger and Richard J. Calabrese introduced in 1975. Uncertainty reduction theory states that the driving force in initial ... outcome valuetheory in that initial interactions are not solely about reducing uncertainty within ... continues to work on research testing predicted outcome valuetheory. Empirical Support for predicted outcome valuetheory The Communicative Influences on Perceived Similarity and Attraction An Expansion ... predicted outcome valuetheory Sunnafrank, 1986 propositions. Findings supported all hypotheses tested ..., which is the predicted outcome valuetheory. While the college freshmen had numerous opportunities ... Oaks, CA Sage Publications, Inc. DEFAULTSORT Predicted Outcome ValueTheory Category Communication ... by predicting the Value economics value of future outcomes whether negative or positive. If a person .... 7th Edition . China Wadsworth Group. ref The processes of predicted outcome value directly link ... predicted to result in the most positive outcomes . In a broad sense, these outcome value predictions ... should be related to predicted outcome value levels. Among these, Sunnafrank 1986 posits that predicted outcome value is positively related to amount of verbal communication, intimacy level of communication ... Sunnafrank, Michael 1988 . Predicted Outcome Value in Initial Conversations. Communication Research Reports, Vol 5. No 2, 169 172. ref Key propositions of predicted outcome valuetheory 1. Attraction increases as the predicted outcome value increases br 2. Prediction of positive future outcomes leads ... more details
In mathematics , the value distribution theory of holomorphic functions is a division of mathematical analysis . It tries to get quantitative measures of the number of times a Function mathematics function f z assumes a Value mathematics value a , as z grows in size, refining the Picard theorem on behaviour close to an essential singularity . The theory exists for analytic function s and meromorphic function s of one complex variable z , or of several complex variables . In the case of one variable the term Nevanlinna theory , after Rolf Nevanlinna , is also common. The now classical theory received renewed interest, when Paul Vojta suggested some analogies with the problem of integral solutions to Diophantine equation s. These turned out to involve some close parallels, and to lead to fresh points of view on the Mordell conjecture and related questions. Category Analytic functions holomorphic functions Category Meromorphic functions mathanalysis stub vi L thuy t ph n b gi tr ... more details
Noref date October 2009 In quantum mechanics , the intrinsic Parity physics parity is a phase factor that arises as an eigenvalue of the parity operation a reflection about the origin . To see that the parity s eigenvalues are phase factors, we assume an eigenstate of the parity operation this is realized because the intrinsic parity is a property of a subatomic particle particle species and use the fact that two parity transformations leave the particle in the same state, thus the new wave function can differ by only a phase factor, i.e. math P 2 psi e i phi psi math thus math P psi pm e i phi 2 psi math , since these are the only eigenstates satisfying the above equation. The intrinsic parity s phase is conserved for non weak interactions the product of the intrinsic parities is the same before and after the reaction , since P,H 0, i.e. the Hamiltonian quantum mechanics Hamiltonian is invariant under a parity transformation . The intrinsic parity of a system is the product of the intrinsic parities of the particles, for instance for noninteracting particles we have math P 1 rangle 2 rangle P 1 rangle P 2 rangle math . Since the parity commutes with the Hamiltonian, its eigenvalue does not change with time, therefore the intrinsic parity s phase is a conserved quantity. DEFAULTSORT Intrinsic Parity Category Fundamental physics concepts Category Quantum field theory Category Quantum mechanics Category Particle physics ... more details
An intrinsic semiconductor , also called an undoped semiconductor or i type semiconductor , is a pure semiconductor without any significant dopant species present. The number of charge carrier s is therefore determined by the properties of the material itself instead of the amount of impurities. In intrinsic semiconductors the number of excited electron s and the number of electron hole holes are equal n p. The electrical conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors can be due to crystal defect s or to thermal excitation . In an intrinsic semiconductor the number of electron s in the conduction band is equal to the number of holes in the valence band . An example is HgCdTe Hg sub 0.8 sub Cd sub 0.2 sub Te at room temperature. An indirect band gap intrinsic semiconductor is one where the maximum energy of the valence band occurs at a different k crystal momentum k space wave vector than the minimum energy of the conduction band. Examples include silicon and germanium . A direct band gap intrinsic semiconductor is one where the maximum energy of the valence band occurs at the same k as the minimum energy of the conduction band. Examples include gallium arsenide . A silicon crystal is different from an insulator because at any temperature above absolute zero temperature, there is a finite probability that an electron in the lattice will be knocked loose from its position, leaving ... in terms of the band theory of solids. The band model of a semiconductor suggests that at ordinary ... to electrical conduction. The term intrinsic here distinguishes between the properties of pure intrinsic silicon and the dramatically different properties of doped n type or p type semiconductors. Electrons and holes In an intrinsic semiconductor such as silicon at temperatures above absolute ... devices. Semiconductor current The current which will flow in an intrinsic semiconductor consists ... in the direction opposite to the free electron movement. The current flow in an intrinsic semiconductor ... more details
About compiler intrinsic functions X toolkit Intrinsics Refimprove date December 2009 In compiler theory , an intrinsic function is a function available for use in a given computer language language whose implementation is handled specially by the compiler. Typically, it substitutes a sequence of automatically generated instructions for the original function call, similar to an inline function . Unlike an inline function though, the compiler has an intimate knowledge of the intrinsic function and can therefore better integrate it and optimize it for the situation. This is also called builtin function in many languages. Compilers that implement intrinsic functions generally enable them only when the user has requested compiler optimizations optimization , falling back to a default implementation provided by the language runtime environment otherwise. Intrinsic functions are often used to explicitly implement Vectorization parallel computing vectorization and parallel processing parallelization in languages which do not address such constructs. Altivec and OpenMP are examples of API s which use intrinsic functions to declare, respectively, vectorizable and multiprocessor aware operations during compilation. The compiler parses the intrinsic functions and converts them into vector math or multiprocessing object code appropriate for the target platform. Microsoft and Intel s C C compilers as well as GNU Compiler Collection GCC implement intrinsics that map directly to the x86 SIMD instructions MMX instruction set MMX , Streaming SIMD Extensions SSE , SSE2 , SSE3 , SSSE3 , SSE4 . In the latest version of the Microsoft Visual Studio Microsft Visual Studio VS2010 , the Visual C 2B 2B Visual C compiler does not support inline assembler for X86 64 ref cite web url http msdn.microsoft.com en us library wbk4z78b.aspx?ppud 4 title Intrinsics and Inline Assembly publisher Microsoft ... DEFAULTSORT Intrinsic Function Category Compiler construction Prog lang stub de Intrinsische Funktion ... more details
In signal processing of multidimensional signals, for example in computer vision , the intrinsic dimension of the signal describes how many variables are needed to represent the signal. For a signal of N variables, its intrinsic dimension M satisfies 0 &le M &le N . Usually the intrinsic dimension of a signal .... It is only necessary to know the value of one, namely the first, variable in order to determine the value of f . Hence, it is a two variable function but its intrinsic dimension is one. A slightly more complicated example is f x sub 1 sub ,x sub 2 sub g x sub 1 sub x sub 2 sub f is still intrinsic ... Since the variation in f can be described by the single variable y sub 1 sub its intrinsic dimension is one. For the case that f is constant, its intrinsic dimension is zero since no variable is needed to describe variation. For the general case, when the intrinsic dimension of the two variable function f is neither zero or one, it is two. In the literature, functions which are of intrinsic dimension ... the above relation between f and g can be found, then the intrinsic dimension of f is M . The intrinsic ... of low intrinsic dimension An N variable function which has intrinsic dimension M N has a characteristic ... this line F varies according to G . The general case Let f be an N variable function which has intrinsic ..., F varies according to G the Fourier transform of g Generalizations The type of intrinsic dimension ... variable function f to produce the M variables which are necessary to represent every value of f . This means ... case, f has intrinsic dimension M is there exist M functions a sub 1 sub , a sub 2 sub , ..., a sub ... began that the concept of intrinsic dimension was established, even though the name has varied. For example, the concept which here is referred to as a image neighborhood of intrinsic dimension ... 1987 and simple neighborhood in Granlund & Knutsson 1995 . The term intrinsic dimension was coined ... XXI The intrinsic dimensionality of signal collections booktitle Rep. 163 pages publisher The Johns ... more details
Wiktionary Value or values may refer to Concepts of worth Valuetheory overview of approaches in various disciplines Value ethics Value personal and cultural Value economics Theory of value economics Value investing Value marketing Value law i.e. consideration Concepts of quantity, amount, or entity Value semiotics Value mathematics Value computer science Note value music Colour theory Lightness Values usually refers to Value ethics Value personal and cultural Value law Disambiguation af Waarde ar cs Hodnota de Valor es Valor fr Valeur it Valore he ja no Verdi pl Warto pt Valor ro Valoare sk Hodnota fi Arvo t smennyssivu sv V rde vi Gi tr ... more details
Intrinsic safety IS is a protection technique for safe operation of Electronics electronic equipment in explosive atmospheres and under irregular operating conditions. The concept was developed for safe operation of process control instrumentation in hazardous areas, particularly North Sea gas platforms. As a discipline, it is an application of inherent safety in instrumentation. The theory behind intrinsic safety is to ensure that the available electricity electrical and thermal energy in the system is always low enough that Combustion ignition of the hazardous atmosphere cannot occur. This is achieved by ensuring that only low voltages and currents enter the hazardous area, and that all electric supply and signal wires are protected by Zener diode Zener safety barriers. Sometimes an alternative type of barrier known as a galvanic isolation barrier may be used. In normal uses, electrical equipment often creates internal tiny sparks in switches, motor brushes, connectors, and in other places. Such sparks can ignite flammable substances present in air. ref cite web title Working In Explosive Atmospheres url http www.csunitec.com technical WhitePapers CS 20Unitec ATEX Working 20in 20Ex 20Zones.pdf ref A device termed intrinsically safe is designed to not contain any components that produce sparks or which can hold enough energy to produce a spark of sufficient energy to cause an ignition. For example, during marine transfer operations when flammable products are transferred between the marine terminal and tanker ships or barges, two way radio communication needs to be constantly maintained in case the transfer needs to stop for unforeseen reasons such as a spill. The United States Coast Guard requires that the two way radio must be certified as intrinsically safe. Another aspect of intrinsic safety is controlling abnormal small component temperatures. Under certain fault ... Electrical equipment in hazardous areas References Reflist Further reading Redding, R.J., Intrinsic ... more details
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