refimprove date April 2007 File Swatch Jewlry and its casing.JPG thumb right Case for jewellery 250px A case of some merchandise is a collection of items packaged together. In the United States, typically a standard case contains a certain number of items depending on what the merchandise is. For consumer foodstuffs such as canned goods , soft drink soda , cereal and such, a case is typically 24 items, however cases may range from 12 to 36, typically in multiples of six. For larger bottles such as gallon jugs, a case is typically 4. The standard case for 32 oz bottles of soda and Powerade contains 15 bottles due to their unique size and shape. Cases of video tape are typically packed 10 to a case, and so on. A case of wine is composed of 12 bottles. A case is not a strict point of measure and can be big enough to accommodate a dram or an hectare and small enough to cover a milligram . Cases are also known for carrying equipment, ref Equipment Cases http www.pfccases.com cases stockcases.php ref pizzas, and barrels a la Crate and Barrel . The term case binding in the book manufacturing industry appears to refer to a collection of pages contained in a case . The original case is often now called simply the binding , although the integrated manufacturing process still uses the term case to refer to the hard cover and spine. ref Case Binding http desktoppub.about.com od glossary g Case Binding.htm ref References Reflist See also Packaging Box Carton Crate Category Goods ca Estoig de Etui es Estuche fr tui protection gl Estoxo io Etuyo kk nah Tlacallotl nl Etui pt Estojo ru scn Stucciu custodia sl Etui ... more details
with the quintessential Hong Kong brand G.O.D. Goods of Desire . It is a celebration of Hong ... title About Us publisher G.O.D Official ref References reflist External links commons Category Goods Of Desire Goods Of Desire http www.god.com.hk Official Website of Goods of Desire http info.hktdc.com ... 198 http www.markwu.info journal entry hong kongs lifestyle store goods of desire http www.theglassmagazine.com forum article.asp?tid 443 title DEFAULTSORT Goods Of Desire Category Companies of Hong ... more details
Infobox film name Ware f r Katalonien image image size caption director Richard Groschopp producer Willi Teichmann writer Lothar Creutz, Carl Andriessen narrator starring Wilfried Ortmann music Hans Hendrik Wehding cinematography Eugen Klagemann editing Helga Emmrich distributor PROGRESS Film Verleih studio DEFA released 13 March 1959 runtime 99 minutes country East Germany language German language German budget gross preceded by followed by Ware f r Katalonien English language title Goods For Catalonia ref http www.defa.de cms DesktopDefault.aspx?TabID 412&FilmID Q6UJ9A002MS1 Ware f r Katalonien on DEFA Foundation s website. de icon ref is an East Germany East German black and white film , directed by Richard Groschopp. It was released in List of East German films 1959 . Plot At 1959, the Volkspolizei People s Police notices a strange occurrence the local demand for optical instruments increases, while the orders from abroad sharply decrease. Several detectives launch an investigation, revealing that a West German criminal named Hasso Teschendorf has been forging documents and using them to illegally obtain the goods, which he sold to the Spanish Army and to costumers in Barcelona . After a long hunt, the smuggler is arrested just before he manages to flee to West Berlin. Cast Wilfried Ortmann as Hasso Teschendorf Fritz Diez as Captain Gerner Werner Dissel as doorman Peter Sturm as Mr. Dupont Gerd Michael Henneberg as businessman Manfred Krug as smuggler Eva Maria Hagen as Marion St ckel Hanna Rimkus as Sabine Falk Hartmut Reck as Schellenberg Heinz Dieter Knaup as Hasselbach Ivan Malr as Bob Georgi Carola Braunbock as Charlotte Gansauge Dom de Beern as inspector Albert Garbe as Bachmann Herbert Gr nbaum as R sli Hubert Hoelzke as costumer Walter Jup as Erwin Production At 1957, the West German criminal de Hasso Sch tzendorf Hasso Sch tzendorf organized a complex fraud his partners, using forged documents, managed to take possession on the entire stock of optical ... more details
wiktionary Investment In finance, Investment is the commitment of money or capital to purchase financial instruments or other assets. The term can also refer to In economics, fixed investment the purchasing of machinery, etc. or inventory investment , the purchasing or other accumulation of goods inventories Investment casting , an industrial process based on and also called lost wax casting, one of the oldest known metal forming techniques Investment military , the military tactic of surrounding an enemy fort or town with armed forces to prevent entry or escape Invest meteorology , a designated area of disturbed weather that is being monitored for tropical cyclone development Cathexis , also known as investment, a psychoanalytic term describing an investment of libido. INVEST mnemonic INVEST , a mnemonic for the quality characteristics of a user story , e.g. in agile software development agile software projects. disambig ... more details
time period, there is no unintended inventory investment and there is goods market equilibrium ...Inventory investment is a component of gross domestic product GDP . What is produced in a certain country is naturally also sold eventually, but some of the goods produced in a given year may be sold in a later year rather than in the year they were produced. Conversely, some of the goods sold in a given year might have been produced in an earlier year. The difference between goods produced production and goods sold sales in a given year is called inventory investment. The term can be applied to the economy as a whole or to an individual firm. Definition of inventory investment Inventory investment ..., 2008. ref Thus, if production per unit time exceeds sales per unit time, then inventory investment ... if production is less than sales. Mathematical relationship of inventory investment to inventories ... of period stock of inventories equals the flow of inventory investment per time period. In continuous ... equals the instantaneous flow of inventory investment. Intended and unintended inventory investment A positive stock and flow flow of Intended inventory investment occurs when a firm expects that sales ... inventory investment by deliberately producing more than it expects to sell. Economists view this positive intended inventory investment as a form of spending&mdash in effect, the firm is buying ... flow of intended inventory investment. It does this by deliberately producing less than what it expects to sell. Positive or negative unintended inventory investment occurs when customers buy a different ... buy less than expected, inventories unexpectedly build up and unintended inventory investment ... and unintended inventory investment turns out to have been negative. Either positive or negative intended inventory investment can coincide with either positive or negative unintended inventory investment ... equilibrium In macroeconomics , economic equilibrium equilibrium in the goods market occurs ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Inward investment is the injection of money from an external source into a region, in order to purchase capital goods for a branch of a corporation to locate or develop its presence in the region. Foreign sources, such as transnational corporations or multinational corporation s invest money by introducing new industrial sites to an area, in order to produce more of their product, sometimes in response to changes noticed in that area, such as a growing population or enhanced transport network. Inward investment creates jobs in an area and brings wealth into the economy. Some places do however attract inward investment due to their relative remoteness, for example a company wanting to recruit personnel with relatively common skills might deliberately relocate to an area where wage rates are relatively low, a factor that could arise because of the absence of similar jobs or localised underemployment . Some international investors might seek to take advantage of relatively lax regulation through investing abroad. Some economic development agencies, governments or local authorities are occasionally accused of concentrating on attracting inward investment to such an extent that they neglect to nurture home grown small businesses or entrepreneurs with exciting ideas. As with much marketing effort, a balance is often required to maximise economic progress that is socially and environmentally appropriate. Another aspect of inward investment is financial inward investment activity, which rather than focusing on attracting offshoot operations of overseas companies, focuses on encouraging global focused overseas venture capitalist and hedge fund investment into companies in a country or region. See also Foreign direct investment DEFAULTSORT Inward Investment Category International trade Category Foreign direct investment Category International finance Business stub ... more details
Fixed investment in economics refers to investment in fixed capital , i.e., tangible capital goods real ... capital goods which have been scrapped. Thus, fixed investment is investment in physical assets such as machinery ... from investment in intermediate consumption intermediate goods . Unlike fixed assets, intermediate ... value of the stock of fixed assets owned. Fixed investment contrasts with investments in labour ... term for example, Bond finance bonds but they are not usually called fixed investment because ... investment, such as provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the United States, Eurostat in Europe ... investment by businesses also indicates something about the level of confidence that business ... much uncertainty about whether their fixed investment will pay off, they are unlikely to engage in it. In recent decades, the growth rate of fixed investment in the US, Europe and Japan ... as a ratio between gross fixed capital formation and GDP , or fixed investment per worker employed ... investment refers to physical assets held for one year or more . The investment capital is therefore ..., and thus cannot be used for other purposes. This contrasts with, for example, investment capital in the form of liquid bank deposits earning interest, or investment in raw materials completely used up ... fixed investment may be somewhat ambiguous, because it could refer to the value of a stock of fixed ... investment may be stated gross before taking into account depreciation or net after depreciation ... in official statistics however does not refer to total fixed investment in a country. Firstly GFCF ... fixed assets. So normally total fixed investment in a year is in fact a larger value than GFCF. Total fixed investment gross is not usually a published statistical measure, since economists are interested primarily in the contribution of fixed investment to value added , i.e., they are interested ..., the amount of fixed investment and the amount of scrapped fixed assets are equal in value ... more details
unsourced date November 2007 An Investment advisory , in financial investment organizations, is the unit linking the investment professionals in the central asset management unit Investment Research, Portfolio Management to the relationship managers and or to important clients of the asset management organization. Investment Advisors explain the investment ideas of the experts to their internal or external clientele and propose adequate investment solutions. In turn, they identify needs and wishes of the clients or the Relationship Managers of their organization and transport them to the central financial investment asset management unit. Category Investment ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Investment decisions are made by investors and Investment management investment managers . Investors commonly perform investment analysis by making use of fundamental analysis , technical analysis , Option screener screeners and gut feeling gut feel . Investment decisions are often supported by Quantitative method decision tools . The portfolio theory is often applied to help the investor achieve a Beta coefficient satisfactory return compared to the risk taken. Investment decision biases Bad decisions are often followed by a feeling of Buyer s remorse investor s remorse . See also Behavioral finance Cognitive bias Relative strength Ratio analysis External references http www.borntosell.com Born To Sell for investment decisions regarding covered calls DEFAULTSORT Investment Decisions Category Investment ... more details
main Collective investment scheme An investment company is a company whose main business is holding security finance securities of other companies purely for investment purposes. The investment company invests money on behalf of its shareholders who in turn share in the profits and losses. In United States United States securities law securities law , there are at least three types of investment companies ref cite web url http www.sec.gov answers mfinvco.htm title Investment Companies publisher U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission SEC accessdate 2006 04 11 ref Open End Management Investment Companies mutual fund s Closed End Management Investment Companies closed end fund s UITs unit investment trust s A fourth and lesser known type of investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 is a Face amount certificate company Face Amount Certificate Company . Also popular are private investment funds which are simply private companies that make investments in stocks or bonds, but are limited to under 100 investors, are private and are not regulated by the SEC. These funds are often composed of very wealthy investors. See also Holding company Investment trust References reflist Category Investment companies Category Financial services companies econ stub fr Soci t d investissement lt Investicij bendrov sv Investmentbolag uk ... more details
Multiple issues dead end March 2012 unreferenced December 2009 wikify December 2009 A portfolio investment is a passive investment in securities, none of which entails active management or control of the securities issuer by the investor. DEFAULTSORT Portfolio Investment Category Investment Econ stub de Portfolioinvestition fr Investissement de portefeuille pl Inwestycja portfelowa ru vi u t gi n ti p n c ngo i ... more details
Merge to Investment adviser date September 2010 The term Investment Advisor IA spelled Investment Adviser within U.S. financial law is an individual or firm who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities ref Investment Advisors Act of 1940, Section 202 a ref . Investment Advisors may be registered with state regulatory agencies, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or pursuant to certain exemptions, remain unregistered. ref http www.nasaa.org industry resources investment advisers investment adviser guide NASAA Investment Adviser Guide ref Compensation IAs generally are paid in one of the following ways ref US Securities and Exchange Commission s Website http www.sec.gov investor pubs invadvisers.htm Investment Advisers, What You Need to Know Before Choosing One ref A percentage of the value of the assets they manage An hourly fee for the time they spend working A fixed fee Fiduciary Standard The anti fraud provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and most state laws impose a duty on IAs to act as fiduciaries in dealings with their clients. This means the adviser must hold the client s interest ... has a duty to ref http www.nasaa.org industry resources investment advisers investment adviser guide NASAA Investment Adviser Guide ref Make reasonable investment recommendations independent of outside ... on a reasonable inquiry into a client s investment objectives, financial situation and other factors Always place client interests ahead of its own. Registration Registered Investment Advisor RIA Refers ... agency and typically provides investment advice to a Retail investor or registered Investment company ... and Exchange Commission SEC has passed on the merit of a particular IA. Unregistered Investment Adviser ... provides investment advice to private pools of capital. Such an investment pool is commonly known as a Hedge ... more details
Investment value is the value of a property to a particular investor. In the U.S. and U.K., it is equal to market value for the investor who has the capacity to put the property to good use its highest and best use, its most valuable use. For other investors with limited capacity or vision, investment value is lower because they cannot put the property to use in a way that is maximally productive. International Valuation Standards The current edition of International Valuation Standards Committee International Valuation Standards IVS 2011 defines Investment Value in a way which allows for either a higher value than market value or a lower value than market value Investment value the value of an asset to the owner or a prospective owner for individual investment or operational objectives. ref International Valuation Standards 2011 ref Investment Value is a subjective measure of value, a value in use , whilst market value Market Value is an objective value in exchange . As defined in IVS2, Investment Value is the valuation equivalent of the accounting accountancy concept of Value in use . Whereas IFRS s define the accountancy concepts of fair value and Value in use in operational terms, IVSs define Market Value and Investment Value by way of generalised definitions. References references DEFAULTSORT Investment Value Category Real estate valuation Category Valuation ... more details
Infobox Company company name Investment Saskatchewan Inc. company type Crown Corporation company logo foundation location Regina, Saskatchewan Regina , Saskatchewan , Canada industry Financial num employees products Venture Capital homepage http www.investsask.com Investment Saskatchewan Inc. is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan that invests in Saskatchewan companies. Investments are a minimum of 3 M CDN. The investments are managed through a private sector venture capital investment company called Victoria Park Capital Inc. ref http www.investsask.com Corporate PRofile ref References references External links http www.investsask.com Investment Saskatchewan finance company stub Saskcrowncorps Regina Corporations Category Crown corporations of Saskatchewan Category Sovereign wealth funds Category Companies based in Regina, Saskatchewan Category Investment companies of Canada ... more details
Investment Week is an investment s magazine that covers news, fund performance and sector analysis for investment professionals. Infobox Newspaper name Investment Week type Weekly owners Incisive Media headquarters London, UK circulation 14,600 ref name Media Pack 2009 http www.investmentweek.co.uk digital assets 36 IW Media Pack09.pdf Media Pack 2009 Retrieved on 8 February 2010. ref language English publisher Incisive Financial Publishing Limited website http www.investmentweek.co.uk www.investmentweek.co.uk References reflist EnglishBusinessMagazines Category British business magazines trade mag stub investment stub UK business mag stub ... more details
for Unit investment trust, a type of US fund Unit Investment Trust An Investment trust is a form of collective investment found mostly in the United Kingdom . ref http www.moneymadeclear.org.uk products investments types pooled investment funds.html main types Consumer Financial Education Body moneymadeclear website ref Investment trusts are closed end fund s and are constituted as public limited companies . ref name TMF060313 cite web title Investment Trusts work Your Money publisher The Motley Fool date 13 March 2006 url http www.fool.co.uk Your Money guides Investment Trusts.aspx ref The name is somewhat misleading, given that according to law an investment trust is not in fact a English trust ... could practically invest in themselves . The investment trust often has no employees, only a board ... both of which sometimes use investment trusts as a holding vehicle. ref name TMF060313 Investment trust ... not always reflect the underlying value of the share portfolio held by the investment trust. In such cases, the investment trust is referred to as trading at a discount or premium to NAV net asset value . ref name TMF060313 The investment trust sector, in particular split capital investment trusts ... some problems. ref name AdamsAA cite book last Adams first Andrew A title The Split Capital Investment ... 2002 c021030a.htm ref ref name Gov030205 cite web title Split Capital Investment trusts work Treasury ... between an investment trust and a unit trust , is that an investment trust manager is legally allowed to borrow capital to purchase shares. This leverage finance leverage may increase investment gains but also increases investor risk. ref name TMF060313 History The first investment trust was the Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust , started in 1868 to give the investor of moderate means the same advantages as the large capitalists in diminishing the risk of spreading the investment over ... publisher Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust accessdate 2008 08 20 ref Split Capital Investment ... more details
Investment theory encompasses the body of knowledge used to support the decision making process of choosing investments for various purposes. It includes portfolio theory , the Capital Asset Pricing Model , Arbitrage Pricing Theory , and the Efficient market hypothesis . References http viking.som.yale.edu will finman540 classnotes notes.html An Introduction To Investment Theory, William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management Category Investment econ theory stub ... more details
The term Return on investment can have several different meanings Finance Return on investment ROI rate of return ROR , also known as rate of profit or sometimes just return , is the ratio of money gained or lost whether realized or unrealized on an investment relative to the amount of money invested. Similar financial measures with variations on how investment is defined Return on assets ROA , Return on net assets RONA , Return on capital ROC Return on invested capital ROIC Social return on investment SROI is a principles based method for measuring extra financial value i.e., environmental and social value not currently reflected in conventional financial accounts relative to resources invested. It can be used by any entity to evaluate impact on stakeholders, identify ways to improve performance, and enhance the performance of investments. Return on marketing investment ROMI is the contribution attributable to marketing net of marketing spending , divided by the marketing invested or risked. Return on event ROE is a term used in event marketing, compared to rate of return Rate of return ROR , also known as return on investment Return on investment ROI , which is the ratio of money gained or lost on an investment. Application Portfolio Management Return on Investment ROI for Information Technology is used to evaluate applications portfolios and information systems. Public ROI is used to evaluate initiatives in public sector. Software Shark ROI Software Shark ROI Return on Investment Software Tool is a product designed for use by sales teams with a prospective client to identify the potential benefits of a solution. Its main aim is to automate the creation of Return on Investment business case s for presentation and budget approval. Category Disambiguation pages ... more details
Multiple issues confusing May 2010 unreferenced May 2010 wikify November 2010 Notability corporation date November 2010 Not notable without substantial coverage in independent reliable sources. Union Investment formally known as Union Asset Management Holding AG is the investment company of the DZ Bank DZ BANK Group and part of the cooperative financial services network. The distribution of public funds is done for one of the 1200 Population and banks including Sparda Banks, PSD banks, etc. and the other on the field of Schw bisch Hall AG . The Union Investment Group is owned by the cooperative banking group. Shareholders are the DZ BANK, the WGZ BANK, the R V Versicherun, Banque F d rale des Banques Populaires and the people and banks for their participation Holdings and associations. The Union indicated that investment managed by a property about 165 billion euros assets under management of 31.12.2009 . Under the umbrella of the Union Asset Management Holding AG, a number of operating subsidiaries are summarized as External links http www.union investment.de union investment.de References references Category Investment companies de Union Investment ... more details
Original research date November 2008 Unreferenced date November 2008 Public finance An investment policy is any government regulation or law that encourages or discourages foreign investment in the local economy , e.g. Currency exchange currency exchange limits . Explanation As globalization integrates the economies of neighboring and of trading states, they are typically forced to trade off such rules as part of a common tax, tariff and trade regime, e.g. as defined by a free trade free trade pact . Investment policy favoring local investors over global ones is typically discouraged in such pacts, and the idea of a separate investment policy rapidly becomes a fiction or fantasy, as real decisions reflect the real need for nations to compete for investment, even from their own local investors. A strong and central criticism of the new global rules, made by many in the anti globalization movement , is that guarantees are often available to foreign investors that are not available to local small investors, and that capital flight is encouraged by such free trade pacts. Policy drivers Investment policy in many nations is tied to immigration policy, either due to a desire to prevent human capital flight by forcing investors to keep local assets in local investments, or by a desire to attract immigrants by offering passports in a safe haven nation, e.g. Canada , in exchange for a substantial investment in a business that will create jobs there. A frequent criticism of such joint immigration investment policy is that they encourage organized crime by providing incentive for money laundering and safe places for bosses to move to when the heat rises in their home country. See also Anti globalization movement Foreign direct investment Globalization Immigration policy Organized crime Tax, tariff and trade Public policy Category Economic integration Category Foreign direct investment Category International economics Category Investment Category Political economy bg ... more details
In finance , an investment strategy is a set of rules, behaviors or procedures, designed to guide an investor s selection of an investment Portfolio finance portfolio . Usually the strategy will be designed around the investor s risk return tradeoff some investors will prefer to maximize expected returns by investing in risky assets, others will prefer to minimize risk, but most will select a strategy somewhere in between. Passive management Passive strategies are often used to minimize transaction cost s, and active management active strategies such as market timing are an attempt to maximize returns. One of the better known investment strategies is buy and hold . Buy and hold is a long term investment strategy, based on the concept that in the long run equity market s give a good rate of return despite periods of Volatility finance volatility or decline. A purely passive variant of this strategy is Index fund indexing , where an investor buys a small proportion of all the shares in a market index such as the S&P 500 , or more likely, in a mutual fund called an index fund or an exchange traded fund ETF . This viewpoint also holds that market timing , that one can enter the market on the lows and sell on the highs, does not work or does not work for small investors, so it is better to simply buy and hold. The smaller, retail investor more typically uses the buy and hold investment strategy in real estate investment where the holding period is typically the lifespan of their mortgage. See also Algorithmic trading Buy and hold CANSLIM Contrarian Liability driven investment strategy ... MoneyWeek Investment Advice http www.fam.tuwien.ac.at public simulation wheel en.html Wheel of fortune Design and test your investment strategy for a virtual wheel of fortune, optimize your ... en.html Virtual stock market Design and test your investment strategy for a virtual stock market, where three stocks and a bank account are available for investing. Category Investment es Estrategia ... more details
Infobox company company name Universal Investment GmbH company type Limited company foundation 1968 location Frankfurt , Germany key people Oliver Harth, Markus Neubauer, Stefan Rockel, Bernd Vorbeck speaker of the management board num employees 370 industry Investment funds homepage http www.universal investment.de Universal Investment Gesellschaft mbH is an investment company based in Frankfurt am Main . With more than 126 billion Euro assets under management, 1,000 institutional funds and private label funds and more than 370 employees Universal Investment is one of the leading German investment firms ref http www.faz.net s RubABE881A6669742C2A5EBCB5D50D7EBEE Doc EF0A886A040B04386A87A2FD29E7DF5D6 ATpl Ecommon Scontent.html ref . Universal Investment offers primarily the administration of investment funds and securities for institutional investors . Being also one of the leading providers of private label funds in Germany, the company manages 350 such funds with a total volume of 14.5 billion Euro ref http www.universal investment.de Profil Wir?lang en us ref . Private label funds are investment funds, which are launched together with an independent partner who manages and distributes them. Universal Investment is one of the biggest administration platforms in Germany for institutional investors offering different fund vehicles as SICAV or UCITS . The company also belongs to the biggest providers of Master Kapitalanlagegesellschaften Master KAG in Germany ref http www.portfolio institutionell.de de nachrichten archiv archiv details article inventur in der kagen branche 1 master kag 324 ref . Parent companies Berenberg Bank Hauck & Aufh user Bankhaus Lampe Landesbank Baden W rttemberg References reflist External links commons http www.universal investment.com November 2011 Category Companies based in Frankfurt Category Investment management companies ... more details
orphan date July 2008 Jadwa Investment Jadwa Investment is a Saudi Closed Joint Stock company operating under the supervision of the Saudi Arabian Capital Markets Authority CMA . Under the CMA decision published on August 21, 2006, Jadwa was awarded a license to offer all types of investment services including dealing, managing, custody, arranging and advising. All investment services offered by Jadwa Investment are supervised by a Shariah Supervisory Board and are fully Shariah compliant. Operating divisions include Asset Management, Investment Banking, Research, Proprietary Investments and Equity Brokerage. The founding partners include Faisal bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Faisal bin Salman , Chairman of the Board, Mohamed and Abdullah Ibrahim Al Subeaei Company, the Al Zamil Group, Abdulrahman Saleh Al Rajhi, Mohammed Ibrahim Al Issa, Abdulrahman Al Ruwaita, and Abdullatif Kanoo. Ahmed bin Aqeel Al Khateeb is the CEO of the company. Jadwa has its headquarters in Riyadh . External links http www.jadwa.com About default.aspx Category Companies of Saudi Arabia fr Jadwa Investment References Reflist ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Expert subject Finance date January 2008 investment function is relation ship between income and investment on business The investment function is a summary of the variables that influence the levels of aggregate investments. It can be formalized as follows I f r, Y,q where r is the real interest rate, Y the GDP and q is Tobin s q. The signs under the variables simply tell us if the variable influences investment in a positive or negative way for instance, if real interest rates were to rise, investments would correspondingly fall . The reason for investment being inversely related to the Interest rate is simply because the interest rate is a measure of the opportunity cost of those resources. If the resources instead of financing the investment could be invested in financial assets, there is an opportunity cost of 1 r , where r is the interest rate. This implies higher investment spending with a lower interest rate. When GDP increases, the output and the capacity utilization increases. This results in an increase of capital investment. At last, a higher Tobins q is represented when the market puts a high value of the installed capital and buys stocks in the firm for a higher price. The firm can then raise more resources per share issued and increase their investments. References reflist Burda, Wyplosz 2005 Macroeconomics A European Text, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press Category Investment ja Investment I I r Nominal and Real Interest Rates r real interest rate Cost of borrowing Opportunity cost of own funds ... more details
Investment performance is the returns economics return on an investment portfolio. The investment portfolio can contain a single asset or multiple assets. The investment performance is measured over a specific period of time and in a specific currency. Investors often distinguish different types of return. One is the distinction between the total return and the price return , where the former takes into account income interest and dividend s , whereas the latter only takes into account capital appreciation. Another distinction is between net and gross return. The pure net return to the investor is the return net of all fees, expenses, and taxes, whereas the pure gross return is the return before all fees, expenses, and taxes. Various variations between these two extremes exist. Which return one looks at depends on what one is trying to measure. For example, if one wishes to measure the ability of an investment manager to add value, then the return net of transaction expenses, but gross of all other fees, expenses, and taxes is an appropriate measure to look at since fees, expenses, and taxes other than transaction expenses are often outside the control of the investment manager. Another important distinction is between the money weighted return and the True Time Weighted Rate of Return time weighted return . The former is appropriate if the manager determines the timing of inflows in or outflows from the portfolio. The latter is appropriate when the manager is not responsible for the timing of cash inflows into and cash outflows from the portfolio. See also Absolute investment performance , Absolute return Modified Dietz Method Money weighted return Relative return Simple Dietz Method True Time Weighted Rate of Return Further reading Bruce J. Feibel. Investment Performance Measurement. New York Wiley, 2003. ISBN 0471268496 Category Investment ... more details
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