Unreferenced date October 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date October 2009 In telecommunication , magneto ionic double refraction is the combined effect of the Earth s magnetic field and atmospheric ionization, whereby a linearly polarized wave entering the ionosphere is split into two components called the orinary wave and extraordinary wave. The component waves follow different paths, experience different attenuations, have different phase velocity phase velocities , and, in general, are elliptically polarized in opposite senses. References Reflist FS1037C DEFAULTSORT Magneto Ionic Double Refraction Category Radio frequency propagation Telecommunications stub ... more details
otherships SS Ionic Infobox ship begin Infobox ship image Ship image Ship caption Infobox ship career Hide header Ship name SS Ionic 1883 1900 br SS Sophocles 1900 1908 Ship owner White Star Line 1883 1900 br Aberdeen Line 1900 1908 Ship operator Chartered by New Zealand Shipping Company 1883 1884 br Chartered by Spanish government 1900 Ship registry Ship route Ship ordered Ship builder Harland and Wolff , Belfast Ship original cost Ship yard number Ship way number Ship laid down Ship launched 11 January 1883 Ship completed 28 March 1883 Ship christened Ship acquired Ship maiden voyage April 1884 London to Wellington Ship in service Ship out of service Ship identification Ship fate Broken up in April 1908 Ship status Ship notes Infobox ship characteristics Hide header Header caption Ship class Cargo liner Ship tonnage GRT 4753 first short Ship displacement Ship length convert 439 ft 11 in m 2 Ship beam convert 44 ft 2 in m 2 Ship height Ship draught Ship depth Ship power Ship propulsion Ship speed convert 14 kn km h Ship capacity Ship crew Ship notes SS Ionic was a cargo liner initially in service with White Star Line from 1883 until 1900. She was used on the company s joint route to New Zealand with the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line . She was sold to the Aberdeen Line in 1900 and renamed SS Sophocles , and was withdrawn for service in 1906 and scrapped in 1908. Service Ionic was built by Harland and Wolff , Belfast and launched on 11 January 1883, being delivered to her new owners on 28 March 1883. ref name nps cite web url http www.nomadicpreservationsociety.co.uk hwindex.asp?page 17&order Ship Launch Date title Harland and Wolff Ships Index publisher The Nomadic Preservation ... accessdate 20 January 2012 ref After being inspected by the Edward VII Prince of Wales , Ionic began ... by the Spanish government to repatriate troops from Manila after the Spanish American War . Ionic was sold ... Ionic Category Passenger ships of England Category 1882 ships Category Belfast built ships Category ... more details
Ionic polymer metal composite IPMC are synthetic composite materials that display Artificial Muscle artificial muscle behaviour under an applied voltage. IPMCs are composed of an ionic polymer like Nafion or Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Flemion whose planar surfaces are coated with conductors such as platinum or gold. Under an applied voltage 1 5 V , ion migration and electrostatic repulsion result in a bending actuation. IPMCs are a type of Electroactive polymers electroactive polymer . Alternately, IPMCs act as a smart material , as applying a mechanical force to the substance will result in a proportional voltage being applied onto the surface. Bending actuators have seen limited application due to integration into larger devices or stronger actuators. Other limitations include the requirement to maintain ion mobility through hydration or other fluids. Higher voltages result in larger actuations, but voltages above 1.23V will result in electrolysis of water, limiting the useful voltage range. External links http esnam.eu European Scientific Network for Artificial Muscles http ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov nasa nde papers spie98 SPIE98 mo.PDF Shahinpoor, M Bar Cohen, Y. Xue, T. Simpson, J.O and Smith, J. Ionic Polymer Metal Composites IPMC as Biomimetic Sensors and Actuators , Proceedings of SPIE s 5th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials , 1 5 March, 1998, San Diego, California . Paper No. 3324 27. http spie.org x648.html?product id 547465 S. Nemat Nasser and C. Thomas, Electroactive Polymer EAP Actuators as Artificial Muscles Reality, Potential and Challenges , Ionomeric Polymer metal Composites, edited by Bar Cohen, SPIE, Chap. 6 139 2001. http www.ac.ctrl.titech.ac.jp english coe ipmc.html IPMC Actuator Category Polymers chemistry stub et Ioonpol meer metallkomposiit ... more details
more footnotes date October 2011 Ionic vase painting was regional style of ancient Greek vase painting . Image Coupe l oiseleur Louvre F68.jpg thumb So called Birdcatcher Cup , Ionian kylix drinking cup kylix , circa 550 BC. Paros Louvre . Ionia first becomes noticeable as a separate region within East Greek vase painting during the final phase of the orientalising style , when the black figure vase painting black figure incision style spread from Northern Ionia throughout East Greece . In the later phase of the Wild Goat style, Northern Ionian artists imitated Corinthian vase painting Corinthian vases , if rather poorly. Ionia had been producing high quality pottery already since the 7th century BC. Since about 600 BC, the black.figure style was used to decorate all or part of vases. Apart from gradually developing local styles e.g. at Klazomenian vase painting Clazomenae , Ephesian vase painting Ephesos , Miletan vase painting Miletus , Chiote vase painting Chios and Samian vase painting Samos , especially northern Ionia developed a variety of distinctive styles, the locations of which cannot be asserted at present. Perfume vessels based on the Lydia n lydion shape, decorated merely with stripes, were widespread. Some of the images are highly original, such as a Scythian with a Bactria n camel, or a satyr with a ram. For some styles, the allocation to regions is highly disputed. Thus, the Northampton Group shows a strong Ionic influence but was probably produced in Italy, perhaps by Ionian immigrants. ref See Thomas Mannack Griechische Vasenmalerei , Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, p. 81f. Matthias Steinhart Schwarzfigurige Vasenmalerei II. Ausserattisch , In Der Neue Pauly , vol. 11, cols. 276 281 John Boardman Early Greek Vase Painting , Thames and Hudson, London 1998, p. 141 151. ref References Reflist Bibliography Thomas Mannack Griechische Vasenmalerei. Eine Einf hrung . Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, p. 81f., 90 94, 134f.. ISBN 3 8062 1743 2. Matthias Steinhart Schwarzfigurige ... more details
The mechanical bond is a type of chemical bond found in mechanically interlocked molecular architectures such as catenane s and rotaxane s. Unlike classical molecular structures, interlocked molecules consist of two or more separate components which are not connected by chemical i.e. covalent bonds. These structures are true molecules and not a supramolecular species, as each component is intrinsically linked to the other resulting in a mechanical bond which prevents dissociation without cleavage of one or more covalent bonds. Mechanical bond is a relatively new term and at this point has limited usage in chemical literature relative to more well established bonds, such as covalent, hydrogen, or ionic bonds. External links The Nature of the Mechanical Bond James Fraser Stoddart http www.snic.org.sg events author 20info.html Article Chemical bonds Category Chemical bonding Category Supramolecular chemistry es Enlace mec nico ... more details
In chemistry , bond energy E is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond . It is the heat required to break one Mole unit of molecules into their individual atoms. Ref Frey For example, the carbon hydrogen bond energy in methane E C H is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen Radical chemistry radical s divided by 4. br Bond energy E should not be confused with bond dissociation energy . br br Bond energy distance correlation Bond strength energy can be directly related to the bond length bond distance. Therefore, we can use the metallic radius , ionic radius , or covalent radius of each atom in the molecule to determine the bond strength. For example, the covalent radius of boron is estimated at 83.0 picometer pm , but the bond length of B B in B sub 2 sub Cl sub 4 sub is 175 pm, a significantly larger value. This would indicate that the bond between the two boron atoms is a rather weak single bond. In another example, the metallic radius of rhenium is 137.5 pm, with a Re Re bond length of 224 pm in the compound Re sub 2 sub Cl sub 8 sub . From this data, we can conclude that the bond is a very strong bond or a quadruple bond . This method of determination is most useful for covalently bonded compounds. Ref Alcock Factors affecting ionicbond energy There are several contributing factors but usually the most important is the difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms bonding together. Ref link See also Nuclear binding energy Electron binding energy Lattice energy References Note Frey Frey, Paul Reheard. http books.google.com books?id Jqy0AAAAIAAJ&q 22energy required to break an Avogadro 22&dq ... B BondEnergy.html Bond Energy. 11 July 2003. External links http www.wiredchemist.com chemistry data bond energies lengths.html Table of Bond Energies. http www.cem.msu.edu reusch OrgPage bndenrgy.htm Table of standard bond energies and bond dissociation energies. Category Chemical bond properties ... more details
. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably there are strong bonds such as covalent bond covalent or ionicbond s and weak bonds such as intermolecular force Dipole dipole interactions ... and networks increase greatly. In a simplified view of an ionicbondionicbond , the bonding electron is not shared at all, but transferred. In this type of bond, the outer atomic orbital of one atom ... of ionicbond s. Both Lewis and Kossel structured their bonding models on that of Abegg s rule ... in electronegativity leads to more polar ionic character in the bond. Covalent bond Main Covalent ... bond is a covalent bond with a significant ionic character. This means that the electrons are closer ... solvent s such as hexane . Ionicbond Main IonicbondIonic bonding is a type of electrostatic interaction ... intermolecular force dipole dipole type chemical bond. In melted ionic compounds, the ions continue ... limit of pure ionicbond ing, electrons are perfectly localized on one of the two atoms ...A chemical bond is an attraction between atom s that allows the formation of chemical substance s that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite ... in the bond. However, this assembly cannot collapse to a size dictated by the volumes of these individual ... of chemical bonds A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. This attraction may be seen as the result ... of the bond changes quantitatively , that it remains useful and customary to differentiate between ... called covalent bond covalent bond , one or more electrons often a pair of electrons are drawn into the space ... between spheres in models. In a polar covalent bond , one or more electrons are unequally shared ... one atom to assume a net positive charge, and the other to assume a net negative charge. The bond ... charged ion s. Ionic bonds may be seen as extreme examples of polarization in covalent bonds. Often ... attraction of each ion to all ions around them. Ionic bonds are strong and thus ionic substances require ... more details
atoms . See also Pi bond Delta bond Molecular geometry Covalent bondIonicbond References reflist ...Unreferenced date February 2011 File Sigma bond.svg thumb right 250px bond between two atoms localization of electron density. In chemistry , sigma bonds bonds are the strongest type of covalent bond covalent chemical bond . They are formed by head on overlapping between atomic orbitals. Sigma bonding is most clearly defined for diatomic molecules using the language and tools of symmetry group s. In this formal approach, a bond is symmetrical with respect to rotation about the bond axis. By this definition, common forms of sigma bonds are s s, p sub z sub p sub z sub , s p sub z sub and d sub z sup 2 sup sub d sub z sup 2 sup sub where z is defined as the axis of the bond . ref cite book last1 Clayden first1 Jonathan last2 Greeves first2 Nick last3 Warren first3 Stuart title Organic Chemistry url http www.amazon.co.uk Organic Chemistry Jonathan Clayden dp 0199270295 ref sr 1 1?ie UTF8&qid 1331750521&sr 8 1 edition 2nd year 2012 month March origyear 2002 publisher OUP Oxford location Oxford language English isbn 978 0199270293 pages 101 136 URL http www.amazon.co.uk Organic Chemistry ... plane between these two bonded atoms. Sigma bonds are the strongest type of covalent bond s due ... viewed down the bond axis, a MO resembles an Electron configuration s atomic orbital . File ... bond of two s orbitals, a sigma bond of two p orbitals, and a Pi Bond Sigma bonds in polyatomic ..., one bond concept. Despite this complication, the concept of bonding is extremely powerful and therefore ... Kubas first Gregory title Metal Dihydrogen and Bond Complexes Structure, Theory, and Reactivity ... with pi bonds. According to the sigma bond rule , the number of sigma bonds in a molecule is equivalent ... one sigma bond, or ammonia , NH sub 3 sub , where there are only 3 sigma bonds , and that rings ... Sigma Bond Category Chemical bonding ar ca Enlla sigma es Enlace fa fr Liaison ... more details
Alan Bond may refer to Alan Bond businessman born 1938 , Australian businessman Alan Bond rocket developer born 1944 hndis Bond, Alan DEFAULTSORT Bond, Alan ... more details
Jamie Bond may refer to Jamie Bond footballer , Australian rules footballer Jamie Bond, Principal of the Birmingham Royal Ballet See also James Bond disambiguation hndis Bond, Jamie ... more details
. See also noncovalent bonding Ionicbond Hydrogen bond Van der Waals force Intermolecular force References Reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Catch Bond Category Chemical bonding Category Biophysics ...Orphan date December 2010 A catch bond is a type of noncovalent bond whose dissociation chemistry dissociation lifetime increases with tensile force applied to the bond. Normally, bond lifetimes are expected to diminish with force. ref cite journal author Bell GI title Models for the specific adhesion of cells to cells journal Science volume 200 issue 4342 pages 618 27 year 1978 month May pmid 347575 doi 10.1126 science.347575 ref In the case of catch bonds, the lifetime of the bond actually increases up to a maxima before it decreases like in a normal bond. Catch bonds were suspected for many years to play a role in the rolling of leukocyte s, being strong enough to roll in presence of high forces caused by high shear stress es, while avoiding getting stuck in capillaries where the fluid flow, and therefore shear stress, is low. The existence of catch bonds was debated for many years until strong evidence of their existence was found in bacteria. ref name Thomas WE, Trintchina E, Forero M, Vogel V, Sokurenko EV 2002 913 23 cite journal author Thomas WE, Trintchina E, Forero M, Vogel V, Sokurenko EV title Bacterial adhesion to target cells enhanced by shear force journal Cell volume 109 issue 7 pages 913 23 year 2002 month June pmid 12110187 doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 02 00796 1 ref Definite proof of their existence came shortly thereafter in leukocytes. ref name Marshall BT, Long M ... found that L selectin PSGL 1 bonds exhibited increasing bond lifetime as step loads were .... L selectin PSGL 1 bonds display catch bond behavior at low loads, and slip bond behavior meaning that bond lifetime decreases with increasing load at high loads catch slip bonds . Catch slip behavior ... and coupling between two dissociation pathways in a P selectin adhesion bond journal Proceedings ... more details
Basildon Bond may refer to Basildon Bond company , a British stationery company A character created by Russ Abbot The Adventures of Bond... Basildon Bond , a computer game based on Abbot s character disambig ... more details
Simon Bond may refer to Simon Bond, author of 101 Uses for a Dead Cat Simon Bond Doctors , a fictional character in the British TV soap opera Doctors hndis Bond, Simon ... more details
Thomas Bond may refer to Thomas Bond British physician 1841 1901 , British physician Thomas Bond physician 1712 1784 , American physician Thomas Bond topographer 1765 1837 , British topographical writer Thomas Bond Walker 1861 1933 , Irish painter Tommy Bond 1926 2005 , American actor Tommy Bond baseball 1856 1941 , Irish born Major League Baseball pitcher Sir Thomas Bond, 1st Baronet died 1685 , English aristocrat and property developer Sir Thomas Bond, 3rd Baronet 1709 1734 , of the Bond Baronets Sir Thomas Bond, 2nd Baronet 1776 1823 , of the Bond Baronets See also Bond disambiguation hndis Bond, Thomas ... more details
of their relationship to the conventional hydrogen bond, ionicbond , and covalent bond remains unclear ... from the intramolecular bound states of, for example, covalent bond covalent or ionicbond s however ...Image Hydrogen Bond Quadruple AngewChemIntEd 1998 v37 p75.jpg thumbnail 300px An example of intermolecular ... Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in acetylacetone helps stabilize the enol tautomer. A hydrogen bond ... bond covalently bonded to another electronegative atom to create the bond. These bonds can occur ... . ref GoldBookRef file H02899 title hydrogen bond ref The hydrogen bond 5 to 30 kJ mole is stronger than a van der Waals force van der Waals interaction , but weaker than covalent bond covalent or ionicbond s. This type of bond occurs in both inorganic molecules such as water and organic molecules ... Pure and Applied Chemistry ref cite journal title Definition of the hydrogen bond author E. Arunan ... The hydrogen bond is an attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom from a molecule or a molecular ... or a different molecule, in which there is evidence of bond formation. A detailed technical report ... bond An Account author E. Arunan, G. R. Desiraju, R. A Klein, J. Sadlej, S. Scheiner, I. Alkorta, D ... atom is a hydrogen bond donor. ref cite book last Campbell first Neil A. authorlink coauthors Brad ... atom such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen is a hydrogen bond acceptor, regardless of whether it is bonded to a hydrogen atom or not. An example of a hydrogen bond donor is ethanol , which has a hydrogen bonded to oxygen an example of a hydrogen bond acceptor which does not have a hydrogen atom bonded ... of hydrogen bond donating donors and hydrogen bond accepting groups acceptors Image Carboxylic ..., the resulting charge, though only partial, represents a large charge density. A hydrogen bond results ... , which becomes the hydrogen bond Acceptor . The hydrogen bond is often described as an electrostatic ... electronegative donors. The partially covalent nature of a hydrogen bond raises the following questions ... more details
Kevin Bond may refer to Kevin Bond footballer born 1957 , former footballer and assistant manager at Tottenham Hotspur Kevin Bond musician , musician with Superjoint Ritual Kevin Bond sound engineer , Grammy Award winning sound engineer hndis Bond, Kevin DEFAULTSORT Bond, Kevin ... more details
Multiple issues orphan August 2009 unreferenced August 2009 A synthetic bond is a mixture of investments designed to mimic the cash flow and risk profile of a corporate bond . A synthetic bond can contain items such as bond puts, bond calls, bond futures, Treasuries, money market securities, and CDS . Category Bonds Finance stub ... more details
The Marriage Bond may refer to The Marriage Bond play , an American play by Rida Johnson Young The Marriage Bond 1916 film , an American film adaptation The Marriage Bond 1932 film , a British film directed by Maurice Elvey Disambig ... more details
Charles Bond may refer to Charles Bond pilot 1915 2009 , aviator and member of the American Volunteer Group Charles G. Bond 1877 1974 , United States Representative from New York Chuck Bond 1914 1989 , American football player Sir Charles Bond, 4th Baronet , of the Bond Baronets Charles G. Bond 1877 1974 , American politician Derek Bond bishop Charles Derek Bond, born 1927 , Bishop of Bradwell, 1976 1993 See also Bond disambiguation hndis Bond, Charles DEFAULTSORT Bond, Charles ... more details
Bond locations can refer to List of James Bond film locations List of James Bond novel locations disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
John Bond may refer to John Bond American football born 1962 , American football coach John Bond banker born 1941 , British banker with HSBC and company chairman, Chairman of Vodafone John Bond classicist 1550 1612 , English classical scholar, physician and Member of Parliament John Bond footballer born 1932 , British also a football club manager John Bond jurist 1612 1676 , Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Professor of Law at Gresham College John Bond physicist born 1956 , English Forensic Scientist. John Bond Scottish physician , of the XVIII century. John Bond rugby league , New Zealand rugby league international Johnny Bond , country music singer John David Bond, Lancashire cricketer known as Jack Bond John Adikes Bond , author, writer, poker player John Bond 1678 1744 , British Member of Parliament for Corfe Castle, 1721 1722 John Bond 1717 1784 , British Member of Parliament for Corfe Castle, 1727 1761 and 1764 1780 John Bond 1753 1824 , British Member of Parliament for Corfe Castle, 1780 1801 John Bond 1802 1844 , British Member of Parliament for Corfe Castle, 1823 1828 John James Bond , chronologist John Linnell Bond , architect Hndis Bond, John DEFAULTSORT Bond, John ... more details
Gold bond may refer to Bond finance Bond , that can be redeemed for gold such as a United States gold certificate Gold Bond Trading Company , later Carlson Companies, a company that dealt in trading stamps Gold Bond medicated powder , an over the counter skin treatment disambig ... more details
Extendible bond or extendable bond ref http www.investorwords.com 7282 extendable bond.html extendable bond ref is a complex bond with the embedded option for a holder to extend its maturity date by a number of years. ref http lexicon.ft.com term.asp?t extendable bond Financial Times Lexicon ref ref http classes.uleth.ca 200803 mgt3412a ch02.ppt Investment Alternatives ref Such a bond may be considered as a portfolio of a straight, shorter term bond and a call option to buy a longer term bond. This relatively rare type of bond works to the advantage of investors during periods of declining interest rates. ref http invest.yourdictionary.com extendable bond Extendable bond Invest Definition ref Pricing of the extendible bond will be similar to that of a puttable bond . Sometimes, the bond may be structured so as to give an option to extend to the issuer. ref http www.investopedia.com terms e extendablebond.asp Extendable Bond ref In this case, pricing will be similar to that of a callable bond . Pricing See also Bond option Embedded options Bond option Embedded options , for further detail. Price of extendible bond Price of straight bond Price of the option to extend Price of a extendible bond is always higher than the price of a straight bond because the embedded option adds value to an investor ref http www.imf.org external pubs ft wp 2003 wp03201.pdf IMF Puttable and Extendible Bonds ref Yield on an extendible bond is lower than the yield on a straight bond. References Reflist External links http www.durham.edu.on.ca s links schools dunbart staff colea IDC textpowerpoints PowerPoints CH02.PPT 278,10, 10 Investment Alternatives http www.securitization.net pdf Fitch FundaABEN 16Oct06.pdf Fundamentals of Asset Backed Extendible Notes http www.nyc.gov html nyw pdf nyw cpnotereso series7.pdf EXTENDABLE MUNICIPAL COMMERCIAL PAPER NOTE RESOLUTION bond market DEFAULTSORT Extendible Bond Category Fixed income analysis Category Debt Category Commercial bonds ca Bo extensible ... more details
William Bond may refer to William Bond RFC officer 1889 1917 , World War I fighter ace William Bond bishop 1815 1906 , Canadian archbishop William Cranch Bond 1789 1859 , U.S. astronomer William K. Bond 1792 1864 , U.S. representative for Ohio William S. Bond Medal of Honor 1839 1892 , List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients A F Civil War Medal of Honor recipient William Bond Massachusetts 1625 1695 , first Speaker of the Massachusetts Province House of Representatives William D. Bond , inventor and mechanical engineer hndis Bond, William de William Bond ... more details
Bond Head may refer to Francis Bond Head , Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada during the Rebellion of 1837 Bond Head, Regional Municipality of Durham , Ontario, a village named after the above Bond Head, Simcoe County, Ontario, part of Bradford West Gwillimbury, Ontario disambig Category Place name disambiguation pages ... more details
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