TBI may refer to TBI plc , an airport owner and operator Tennessee Bureau of Investigation , the criminal investigative arm of the state government of Tennessee The Bourne Identity Total body irradiation , a form of radiation therapy used most commonly in bone marrow transplantation Tracheobronchial injury , an injury to the trachea or main bronchi Trade Bank of Iraq , a publicly owned bank headquartered in Baghdad, Iraq Traumatic brain injury , a physical trauma to the brain fuel injection Throttle body injection Throttle Body Injection , a type of fuel injection system used on internal combustion engines TBI Solicitors , a UK based law firm Task based instruction, an alternative name for task based language learning , an approach to language learning and language teaching disambig eo TBI it TBI ... more details
DNI may stand for Director of National Intelligence , a U.S. cabinet level official Director of Naval Intelligence disambiguation Direct neural interface, a brain computer interface Do Not Intubate, an alternate term for do not resuscitate Documento Nacional de Identidad , the name of the national identity document in several Spanish speaking countries. Dole Nutrition Institute founded by the Dole Food Company Direct Normal Irradiance, a measure of the solar irradiation striking a surface held normal to line of sight to the sun. See also D ni , a culture in Myst DNIS , a telephone service feature disambig fr DNI it DNI ... more details
Stip can refer to tip , the largest town in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia STIP Statewide Transportation Improvement Program, a 4 year transportation planning document required by the Federal Highway Administration STIP , a local political party run by students occupying seats in the town hall of the Dutch city of Delft Stip dish Stip is a regional dish in the Dutch provinces of Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel Stipendiary magistrate Paul Scherrer Institute Spallation Neutron Source .28SINQ.29 SINQ Target Irradiation Program Stipulation , an agreement, in American law, made between opposing parties prior to a pending hearing or trial Pentagrammic prism Sekolah Tinggi Informatika Papua , Informatics University at Timika, Papua. disambig de Stip nl Stip ... more details
2 , 151 156 ref In addition to the work on the reduction of organic compounds by irradiation, some ... of radiogenic hydrogen peroxide formed by irradiation to remove sulfur from coal has been reported ... electrons it has been reported that upon irradiation a pertechnetate solution, at pH 4.1 is converted to a colloid of technetium dioxide . Irradiation of a solution at pH 1.8 soluble Tc IV complexes are formed. Irradiation of a solution at 2.7 forms a mixture of the colloid and the soluble ... Gamma irradiation has been used in the synthesis of nanoparticles of gold on iron oxide Fe sub 2 sub ..., Magnetic Composite Nanoparticle of Au Fe2O3 Synthesized by Gamma Ray Irradiation , Chemistry Letters , 2003, 32 8 , 690 ref It has been shown that the irradiation of aqueous solutions of lead ... oxygenated tissues are more sensitive to irradiation than the deoxygenated tissue at the centre of a tumor ... damage by reacting with the reactive species generated by the irradiation of the water. It is important ... in the International Atomic Energy Agency report on a human error accident in such an irradiation plant http www pub.iaea.org MTCD publications PDF Pub847 web.pdf ref In these irradiation plants ..., it is moved by a steel wire to the irradiation room where the products which are to be treated ... treatment, the product is moved by the automatic mechanism out of the room. The irradiation room ... more details
The n p reaction is an example of a nuclear reaction . It is the reaction which occurs when a neutron enters a atomic nucleus nucleus and a proton leaves the nucleus simultaneously. ref cite book title Elements Of Nuclear Reactors author Jha, D.K. isbn 9788171418831 url http books.google.com books?id P9K9nbveFnkC&pg PA65 year 2004 publisher Discovery Publishing House page 65 ref For example sulfur 32 and nitrogen 14 both undergo this reaction when neutron irradiation bombarded with neutrons , thus forming phosphorus 32 and carbon 14 . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Np Reaction Category Nucleosynthesis Particle stub ... more details
Pool Test Reactor PTR was a 10 kWt light water moderated pool type Nuclear reactor technology reactor fueled with enriched uranium highly enriched uranium built at Chalk River in 1957. It used 93 enriched uranium aluminum plate type fuel. The reactor, was used for burnup measurement of fissile samples from NRX . The reactor was designed and built by Canadair , now a division of Bombardier Aerospace Bombardier . History On Nov 29 1957 reactor attained first criticality at 12 05 pm.and shortly took over the function of ZEEP for measuring reactivity effects of materials, particularly after irradiation . It was shut down and defueled in 1990. External links http www.aecl.ca Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Category Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Category Nuclear reactors es Reactor PTR ... more details
The photostationary state of a reversible photochemistry photochemical chemical reaction reaction is the Chemical equilibrium equilibrium chemical composition under a specific kind of Electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic irradiation usually a single wavelength of visible light visible or UV light UV light . It is a property of particular importance in photochromism photochromic compounds, often used as a measaure of their practical efficiency and usually quoted as a ratio or percentage. The position of the photostationary state is primarily a function of the irradiation parameters, the absorbance spectra of the chemical species, and the quantum yields of the reactions. Overview Absorption of radiation by reactants of a reaction at equilibrium increases the rate of forward reaction without diectly affecting the rate of the reverse reaction. The reaction rate rate of a photochemical reaction is proportionality mathematics proportional to the absorption cross section of the reactant with respect to the Excited state excitation source , the quantum yield of reaction , and the fluence intensity of the irradiation. In a reversible photochemical reaction between compounds A and B, there will therefore be a forwards reaction of A B at a rate proportional to sub a sub sub A B sub and a backwards reaction of B A at a rate proportional to sub a sub sub B A sub . The ratio of the rates of the forward and backwards reactions determines where the equilibrium lies, and thus the photostationary state is found at center sub a sub sub A B sub sub b sub sub B A sub center If as is always the case to some extent the compounds A and B have different absorption spectrum absorption spectra , then there may exist wavelengths of light where sub a sub is high and sub b sub is low. Irradiation at these wavelengths will provide photostationary states that contain mostly B. Likewise, wavelengths that give photostationary states of predominantly A may exist. This is ... more details
Microwave thermotherapy , also called microwave therapy , is a type of treatment in which body tissue is heated by microwave irradiation to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. See also Transurethral microwave thermotherapy External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 44565 Microwave therapy entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Microwave technology Category Radiation oncology oncology stub he ... more details
orphan date April 2010 div class notice metadata id stub style clear both This article related to Charged particle equilibrium is a Wikipedia Stub stub . You can help Wikipedia by fullurl FULLPAGENAME action edit expanding it . div In nuclear physics the charged particle equilibrium occurs when the number charged particle s, of each type, leaving a volume are equal to the number entering. This equilibrium exists for a volume in a medium when, for a given volume of medium, every charged particle leaving is countered by another charged particle of the same kind and energy entering. This equilibrium value can vary within a medium. This equilibrium occurs when a material is under irradiation and results in a constant Charge physics charge . DEFAULTSORT Charged Particle Equilibrium Category Nuclear physics physics stub ... more details
Electron detachment dissociation EDD is a method for fragmenting anionic species in mass spectrometry. ref cite journal author Budnik BA, Haselmann KF, Zubarev RA title Electron detachment dissociation of peptide di anions an electron hole recombination phenomenon journal Chemical Physics Letters volume 342 issue 3 4 pages 299 302 year 2001 pmid doi 10.1016 S0009 2614 01 00501 2 ref It serves as a negative counter mode to Electron capture dissociation . Negatively charged ions are activated by irradiation with electrons of moderate kinetic energy. The result is ejection of electrons from the parent ionic molecule, which causes dissociation via recombination. References Reflist Mass spectrometry Category Tandem mass spectrometry Sci stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Fat necrosis also known as Balser s necrosis Image Fat necrosis very high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of fat necrosis. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D005218 Fat necrosis is a form of necrosis characterized by the action upon fat by digestive enzyme s. ref name urlCell Injury cite web url http library.med.utah.edu WebPath CINJHTML CINJ026.html title Cell Injury work accessdate ref In fat necrosis the enzyme lipase releases fatty acids from triglycerides . The fatty acids then complex with calcium to form soaps . These soaps appear as white chalky deposits. ref name Robbins Kumar, Vinay Abbas, Abul K. Fausto, Nelson & Mitchell, Richard N. 2007 . Robbins Basic Pathology 8th ed. . Saunders Elsevier. pp. 10 11 ISBN 978 1 4160 2973 1 ref It is usually associated with Physical trauma trauma of the pancreas or acute pancreatitis . ref name Robbins ref DorlandsDict nine 000954992 fat necrosis ref It can also occur in the breast ref name pmid17524571 cite journal author L vey K, Fodor J, Major T, et al. title Fat necrosis after partial breast irradiation with brachytherapy or electron irradiation versus standard whole breast radiotherapy 4 year results of a randomized trial journal Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. volume 69 issue 3 pages 724 31 year 2007 month November pmid 17524571 doi 10.1016 j.ijrobp.2007.03.055 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0360 3016 07 00649 9 ref , the salivary glands http peir.path.uab.edu iplab messages 598 425.html and neonates after a traumatic delivery. See also Necrosis Coagulative necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Caseous necrosis Myospherulosis References reflist Pathology DEFAULTSORT Fat Necrosis Category Pathology disease stub ... more details
Infobox company company name Etrion Corporation company type Public company Publicly traded traded as OMX SSE22335 ETX , TSX ETX foundation 2008 location Geneva , Switzerland key people Ian H. Lundin small Chairman small , Marco A. Northland small Chief Executive Officer and Director small , Cheryl Eversden small Interim Chief Financial Officer small , Ashley Heppenstall small Director small , John H. Craig small Director small , Aksel Azrac small Director small , industry Renewable Energy revenue United States dollar US 51.910 million small 2011 assets US 467.576 million small 2011 equity US 2.562 million small 2011 num employees 26 small 2011 homepage Etrion http www.etrion.com intl yes Etrion Corporation is an independent solar power producer listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange http tmx.quotemedia.com quote.php?qm symbol etx&locale EN and the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm exchange http www.nasdaqomxnordic.com aktier shareinformation?Instrument SSE78547 under the same ticker symbol, ETX . Etrion is based in Geneva, Switzerland and has an office in Rome, Italy. Etrion is an independent power producer that owns and operates renewable assets. Etrion currently owns approximately 60 MW of operational, ground based solar photovoltaic power plants in Italy. The Company s near term focus is on countries with attractive solar irradiation and government incentives for solar power production, specifically Feed in Tariff FiT environments like Italy. Etrion s long term focus is on power purchase agreements PPAs with industrial clients in the Americas. Future growth will be driven by the development and acquisition of additional renewable power facilities under long term contracts in markets with strong solar irradiation and high electricity prices. Etrion s largest shareholder is the Lundin family http www.thelundingroup.com s Home.asp which owns approximately 22 of the Company s shares through various trusts. References Reflist Category Renewable energy companies Category Power compa ... more details
Notability date September 2011 lowercase r.sun is a solar irradiance and irradiation model for GRASS , which is a is a Free Software free , open source geographical information system GIS capable of handling raster graphics raster , topological Vector geometric vector , image processing , and computer graphics graphic data. ref Cite book last1 Neteler first1 M. last2 Mitasova first2 H. title Open Source GIS a GRASS GIS approach, 3rd edition year 2008 publisher Springer location New York isbn 978 0 387 35767 6 url http www.grassbook.org ref r.sun computes direct Light beam beam , diffuse and Reflection physics reflect ed solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude , surface and atmospheric conditions. This is useful in several areas of solar energy including solar thermal heating and photovoltaics . Several solar parameters are saved in the map history file including sunrise , sunset times, declination , extraterrestrial irradiance , daylight length Alternatively, r.sun enables users to specify a local time to compute solar incidence angle and or irradiance raster maps, and the shadowing effect of the topograph y. ref http grass.osgeo.org grass64 manuals html64 user r.sun.html ref It has recently begun to be used with GRASS for estimating potential solar photovoltaic yields. ref H.T. Nguyen and J.M. Pearce, http dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.solener.2010.02.009 Estimating Potential Photovoltaic Yield with r.sun and the Open Source Geographical Resources Analysis Support System Solar Energy 84 , pp. 831 843, 2010. ref References reflist Category Free GIS software software stub ... more details
is solar irradiation . Irradiation is measured in J m sup 2 sup and is represented by the symbol ... Light diffusion Solar azimuth angle Solar irradiation Solar irradiation Solar constant Solar constant ... more details
uncertain. CN date October 2011 Assuming Winston did not have the irradiation treatment done, it could ... . This was a common side effect seen in early irradiated diamonds but irradiation technique has been ... more details
Radappertization is a form of food irradiation which applies a dose of ionizing radiation sufficient to reduce the number and activity of viable microorganism s to such an extent that very few, if any, are detectable in the treated food by any recognized method virus es being excepted . No Microorganism microbial spoilage or toxicity should become detectable in a food so treated, regardless of the conditions under which it is stored, provided the packaging remains undamaged. The required dose is usually in the range of 25 45 Gray unit kiloGrays . ref J.F. Diehl, Safety of Irradiated Foods, Marcel Dekker, 1995, p. 99 ff. some interpretation of the meaning of this new terminology is available ref Radappertization is derived from the combination of rad iation and Nicolas Fran ois Appert Appert , the name of the French scientist and engineer who invented Sterilization microbiology sterilized food for the troops of Napoleon . See also Radicidation Radurization References references Category Food preservation Category Radiation Category Radiobiology Category Nuclear technology cooking stub es Radapertizaci n ... more details
pii S0145 2126 06 00218 9 ref Treatment Splenic irradiation has been used in the treatment. ref ... S title Splenic irradiation as a successful treatment for an elderly patient with B cell prolymphocytic ... date April 2009 &ndash sup http scholar.google.co.uk scholar?hl en&lr &q intitle 3ASplenic irradiation ... more details
In the field of nuclear engineering , a rabbit refers to a pneumatically controlled tool used to insert small samples of material inside the core of a nuclear reactor usually for the purpose studying the effect of irradiation on the material. Some rabbits have special linings to screen out certain types of neutrons. For example, the Missouri University of Science and Technology research reactor uses a cadmium lined rabbit to allow only high energy neutrons through to samples in its core. ref name MissouriS&T cite web date undated url http nuclear.mst.edu research reactor.html title Missouri S&T Nuclear Reactor work Nuclear Engineering publisher Missouri University of Science and Technology Nuclear Engineering Department accessdate 2008 06 09 ref References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the ref erences tags reflist nuclear stub Category Nuclear technology ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Artery Abdominal aorta GraySubject 154 GrayPage 613 Image Gray531.png Caption The abdominal aorta and its bifurcation into the two common iliac arteries. The aortic bifurcation is the point at which the abdominal aorta wikt Bifurcation bifurcates into the left and right Common iliac artery common iliac arteries . The aortic bifurcation occurs at the level of the Lumbar vertebrae fourth lumbar vertebrae . ref cite journal author Lerona PT, Tewfik HH title Bifurcation level of the aorta landmark for pelvic irradiation journal Radiology volume 115 issue 3 pages 735 year 1975 month June pmid 1129492 doi url ref Additional images gallery Image Gray531.png The abdominal aorta and its branches. Image Gray847.png Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. Image Gray1121.png Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels. gallery References reflist Arteries of thorax and abdomen anatomy stub Category Angiology ... more details
Mutation Frequency Decline mfd is the gene which encodes the protein Mfd also known as Transcription Repair Coupling Factor TRCF . Mfd functions in transcription coupled repair to remove a stalled RNA polymerase that has encountered DNA damage and is unable to continue translocating. Mfd utilizes Adenosine triphosphate ATP to translocate along DNA, most likely forcing RNA polymerase forward and ultimately dissociating it from the DNA template Roberts & Park, Current Opinion in Microbiology 2004, DOI 10.1016 j.mib2004.02.014 . Mfd also contains binding domains which recruit UvrA and trigger the associated nucleotide excision repair pathway and was initially discovered when its mutation led to a decrease in mutation rates after irradiation by UV light. It has been shown that Mfd may also re initiate transcription at backtracked RNAP by forcing the polymerase forward and out of its backtracked state Park, Marr & Roberts, Cell vol 109 June 14, 2002 PMID 12086674 . Category Mutation molecular biology stub ... more details
Microwave Active Composition is a brand of microwave sensitive liquid chemicals sold by http www.atlantachemical.com products.htm Atlanta Chemical Engineering LLC . The chemical undergoes color change if it interacts with intensive microwaves. There are two major types of microwave active compositions reversible and irreversible. The reversible composition is colored liquid and when irradiated with microwaves losses its color. However it has the ability to revert back to the original one in a short time after discontinuing the irradiation. The irreversible version of microwave active composition is white transparent if coated and transforms itself to colored one when makes contact with microwaves. It does not revert to the original color. The microwave active compositions are used for validating the microwave energy distribution in the microwave heat processing chambers. References Microwave processing of Materials, National Research Council, http www.nap.edu openbook.php?isbn 0309050278 Publication NMAB 473 , Washington, DC, 1994 External links http www.atlantachemical.com info.htm Microwave heat distribution visualization Category Chemical substances Category Microwave chemistry ... more details
Wiktionarypar microwave Commonscat microwave Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter. Microwave or Microwaves may also refer to Microwave oven or simply microwave , a kitchen appliance that cooks or heats food by dielectric heating Cosmic microwave background radiation CMBR , a form of electromagnetic radiation that fills the universe Microwave chemistry , the science of applying microwave irradiation to chemical reactions Microwave landing system MLS , an all weather, precision aircraft landing system Microwaves band , a metal and no wave influenced Post Punk band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Microwave spectroscopy , studies the absorption and emission of microwave electromagnetic radiation Microwave transmission , the technology of transmitting information using microwaves by employing various electronic technologies Vinnie Johnson , former NBA basketball player nicknamed The Microwave See also Dielectric heating Electromagnetic radiation Maser Parabolic antenna Radar Waveguide disambig es Microondas desambiguaci n ... more details
Italic title Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1969 as Radiation Effects . It obtained its current title in 1989 and covers radiation effects and phenomena induced by the interaction of all types of radiation with condensed matter physics condensed matter radiation physics, radiochemistry , radiobiology , and physical effects of medical irradiation, including research on radiative cell degeneration, optical, electrical and mechanical effects of radiation, and their secondary effects such as Ion beam mixing diffusion and Secondary emission particle emission from surfaces , Plasma processing plasma techniques , and Plasma physics plasma phenomena . It is published monthly by Taylor & Francis . External links Official website http www.tandf.co.uk journals grad Category Monthly journals Category Taylor & Francis academic journals Category Physics journals Category Publications established in 1969 Category English language journals ... more details
purl 7571 3l82YG webviewable 7571.pdf Irradiation of Microbes from Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Pool ... gamma irradiation ref Ultraviolet radiation has been used as a germicide by both industry and medicine for more than a century see Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation . Use of ultraviolet leads to both ... more details
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