Cardiac ischemia redirects to this page. File Ischemia.JPG thumb Vascular ischemia of the toes with characteristic cyanosis . In medicine , ischemia , also spelled as ischaemia or isch mia , from Greek language , ischaim a isch root denoting a restriction or thinning or to make or grow thin lean, haema blood is a restriction in blood supply to tissue biology tissue s, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism to keep tissue alive . ref Merck & Co. http www.merckmanuals.com home heart and blood vessel disorders peripheral arterial disease occlusive peripheral arterial disease.html v722187 Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease , The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook website, revised and updated March 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2012. ref Ischemia is generally ... , thrombosis or embolism . Ischemic means having or showing symptoms of ischemia, while nonischemic means not related to or showing signs of ischemia . Causes An inadequate flow of blood to a part ... damage after 20 minutes. citation Ischemia results in tissue damage in a process known as ischemic ... than the initial ischemia. Reintroduction of blood flow brings oxygen back to the tissues, causing .... PubMed PMID 19751827. ref Cardiac ischemia Cardiac ischemia redirects here Cardiac ischemia may ... bowel can be affected by ischemia. Ischemia of the large intestine may result in an inflammatory process known as ischemic colitis . Ischemia of the small bowel is called mesenteric ischemia . Brain Brain ischemia is insufficient blood flow to the brain , and can be acute i.e., rapid or chronic ... rapidly. Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of dementia called vascular dementia . Limb main Acute limb ischaemia Lack of blood flow to a limb results in acute limb ischemia. Cutaneous ... researched for limiting ischemic injuries. See also Cerebral ischemia Infarction Inhibitor protein ... Isheemia es Isquemia eo Iskemio eu Iskemia fa fr Isch mie hr Ishemija id Iskemia it Ischemia ... more details
In medicine , bowel ischemia may refer to Mesenteric ischemia , ischemia of the small bowel , or, Ischemic colitis , ischemia of the large bowel . Disambig Category General surgery ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Renal ischemia or ischaemia , also called nephric ischemia is the deficiency of blood in one or both kidney s, or nephron s, usually due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel . Medicine DEFAULTSORT Renal Ischemia Treatment stub Category Kidney diseases ... more details
Myocardial ischemia is an imbalance between myocardium myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Left untreated, it results in angina pectoris , myocardial stunning , Hibernating myocardium myocardial hibernation , ischemic preconditioning , postconditioning, or under the most severe instances, acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction . Myocardial ischemia is the pathological state underlying ischaemic heart disease . References Hurst s The Heart, 12th edition, 2007. Category Medical terms Category Ischemic heart diseases medical stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Brain ischemia Image INFARCT.jpg Caption CT scan slice of the brain showing a right ... ischemia, also known as cerebral ischemia, is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow ... Ischemia? publisher WSU Emergency Medicine Cerebral Resuscitation Laboratory url http sullydog.com ... infarction ischemic stroke . ref cite news title Brain Ischemia Cerebral Ischemia date 2003 publisher ... 5 5 title UpToDate Inc. format work accessdate ref Ischemia leads to alterations in brain metabolism ... v25 n6 full 9600073a.html title Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic ... & Metabolism ref There are two types of ischemia focal ischemia, which is confined to a specific region of the brain and global ischemia, which encompasses wide areas of brain tissue. The main symptoms ... ischemia vary from sickle cell anemia to congenital heart defects . Symptoms of brain ischemia can ... that may result from brain ischemia are stroke , cardiorespiratory arrest , and irreversible brain ... Ischemia date 1983 url http www.nil.wustl.edu labs raichle MER chapters C55 The 20Pathophysiology ... and Zimmerman demonstrated that ischemia induced in mammalian brain s for up to an hour can be at least ... brain ischemia before the damage becomes irreversible. ref cite news first Marcus last Raichle coauthors Ann Neurol title The pathophysiology of brain ischemia date 1983 url http www.nil.wustl.edu labs ... brain ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage . Brain ischemia can be further ... globally. Focal brain ischemia Focal brain ischemia occurs when a blood clot has occluded a cerebral vessel . ref name twoflavors cite news first Jonathon last Sullivan title Two Flavors of Ischemia ... syllabus presentation1 9 2.html work Brain Ischemia 101 accessdate 2008 10 13 ref Focal brain ischemia reduces blood flow to a specific brain region, increasing the risk of cell death to that particular area. ref cite news title Spreading depression and focal brain ischemia induce ... more details
Coronary ischemia is a medical term for not having enough blood through the coronary arteries. ref cite ... Coronary Ischemia publisher Shmc.org date accessdate 2008 12 28 ref Coronary ischemia is linked to heart disease as well as heart attacks.It is also known as cardiac ischemia. ref name evy Potochny, Evy. Cardiac Ischemia Symptoms. LiveStrong. Demand Media, 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 6 Nov. 2010. ref ... as well as oxygen, a process called atherosclerosis . ref name IHD Ischemia. Ischemic Heart Disease ... ischemia. ref name IHD CAD can be contracted over time. Certain factors play into this, for example ..., inactive lifestyle and high cholesterol. ref name CHC Symptoms The symptoms of coronary ischemia ... a myocardial infarction. ref name evy Symptoms of coronary ischemia can be classified as typical or atypical. ref name evy Typical Symptoms Chest pain is a major indication of coronary ischemia ... ischemia. ref name evy Some people characterize the pain they feel as though an elephant is sitting ... name evy If no symptoms are present it is called silent ischemia. Diagnosis Inappropriate person section date October 2011 If there is a suspicion that one may have coronary ischemia, a doctor will administer ... on their test even though no signs of coronary ischemia or CAD are present. ref name DCH Coronary ... ischemia or CAD. This test is very important in finding where the blockages are in the arteries ... to two hours. Side Effects Coronary ischemia has some serious side effects if it is not treated. It can ..., as well as permanent damage to the heart muscle. ref name IHD If left untreated, coronary ischemia can also lead to a stroke. Treatment and prevention Cleanup section date July 2011 Coronary ischemia .... ref name LMP Healthy diet Diet is a very important factor in getting coronary ischemia or coronary ... reduce the risk of getting heart disease or coronary ischemia, if it is performed at moderate intensity. ref name LMP References reflist DEFAULTSORT Coronary Ischemia Category Ischemic heart diseases ... more details
Infobox disease Name Mesenteric ischemia Image Ischemicbowel.PNG Caption CT showing ischemic small bowl ... eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 2726 This article concerns ischemia of the small bowel. See ischemic colitis for ischemia of the large bowel Mesenteric ischemia or Mesenteric ischaemia British English ... ischemia journal Med Clin North Am volume 72 issue 5 pages 1091 115 year 1988 pmid 3045452 ... phase can follow if ischemia continues in this phase, the abdominal pain becomes more widespread, the belly ... intensive care . Clinical findings Symptoms of mesenteric ischemia vary and can be acute especially ... HJ, Burger CD title Acute mesenteric ischemia a clinical review journal Arch. Intern. Med. volume 164 .... ref name pmid2321134 cite journal author Levy PJ, Krausz MM, Manny J title Acute mesenteric ischemia ... WS, Noel AA title Contemporary management of acute mesenteric ischemia Factors associated with survival ... ref In a series of 58 patients with mesenteric ischemia due to mixed causes ref name pmid11877691 ... to guide diagnosis, various heuristics help guide diagnosis Mesenteric ischemia should be suspected when individuals, especially those at high risk for acute mesenteric ischemia, develop severe and persisting ... nonocclusive intestinal ischemia Any patient who takes digitalis and diuretics and who complains of abdominal pain must be considered to have nonocclusive ischemia until proved otherwise . ref name isbn9780195175455 Diagnosis It is difficult to diagnose mesenteric ischemia early. ref cite journal ... for the diagnostic accuracy of serological markers for intestinal ischemia journal World J Surg volume ... life threatening condition of acute mesenteric ischemia of the small bowel . Blood tests In a series of 58 patients with mesenteric ischemia due to mixed causes ref name pmid11877691 White blood ..., specificity has been 83 for chronic mesenteric ischemia and 90 or higher for acute colonic ischemia ..., Coogan S, et al. title Diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia by visible light spectroscopy during ... more details
Goldblatt kidney is a Nephropathy condition of the kidney in which a constriction of the renal artery causes renal ischemia and the release of renin which would cause hypertension . Category Kidney diseases med stub Nephrology ... more details
Surgical emergency is a medical emergency which requires immediate surgery surgical intervention the only way to solve the problem successfully . The following conditions are surgical emergencies Acute Physical trauma trauma Accidental amputation Acute appendicitis Ruptured aortic aneurysm Aortic dissection Bleeding ectopic pregnancy Bowel obstruction Internal bleeding Gastrointestinal perforation Intestinal volvulus Cardiac tamponade Acute subdural hematoma Acute airway obstruction Limb ischemia Acute mesenteric ischemia Pneumothorax Paraphimosis Peritonitis Retinal detachment Priapism Retained abortion Stercoral perforation Testicular torsion Urinary retention See also List of medical emergencies Advanced Trauma Life Support References Monson JRT, Duthie G, O Malley K Eds. . Surgical Emergencies . Blackwell Science UK , 1999. ISBN 0 632 05047 0 Category Emergency medicine med stub ... more details
CapZ is a protein that caps the barbed plus end of actin filaments in muscle cells. It is located in the muscle Z band. A modest reduction in cardiac CapZ protein protects hearts against acute ischemia reperfusion injury ref cite journal last Yang first Feng Hua coauthors Pyle, WG title Reduced cardiac CapZ protein protects hearts against acute ischemia reperfusion injury and enhances preconditioning journal Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology date 2 year 2011 month Dec volume epub pmid 22155006 ref . References Reflist 2 Genes Gene CAPZA1 Gene CAPZA2 Gene CAPZA3 Gene CAPZB External links MeshName CapZ Actin Capping Protein Context date October 2009 Category Cell adhesion proteins cell biology stub es CapZ ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 An anginal equivalent is a symptom such as shortness of breath dyspnea , diaphoresis , extreme fatigue, or pain at a site other than the chest, occurring in a patient at high cardiac risk. Anginal equivalents are considered to be symptoms of myocardial ischemia . Anginal equivalents are considered to have the same importance as angina pectoris in patients presenting with elevation of cardiac enzymes or certain EKG changes which are diagnostic of myocardial ischemia. ref http circ.ahajournals.org cgi reprint CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185752 Journal on Circulation ref References references Category Abnormal respiration Category Respiratory diseases Category Medical terms ... more details
Watershed area is the medical term referring to regions of the body that receive dual blood supply from the most distal branches of two large arteries, such as the splenic flexure of the large intestine . ref First Aid for the USMLE Step 1, 2010 Edition, p.305 ref During times of blockage of one of the arteries that supply the watershed area, such as in atherosclerosis , these regions are spared from ischemia by virtue of their dual supply. However, during times of systemic hypoperfusion, such as in disseminated intravascular coagulation or Heart failure , these regions are particularly vulnerable to ischemia by virtue of the fact that they are supplied by the most distal branches of their arteries, and thus the least likely to receive sufficient blood. When watershed stroke occurs in the brain, it produces unique focal neurologic symptoms that aid clinicians in diagnosis and localization. Hypoperfusion in watershed areas can lead to Mural and Mucosal infarction in the case of Ischemic Bowel Disease. References references Category Circulatory system Surgery stub Medicine stub ... more details
orphan date December 2011 For general Ischemic discussion Ischemia Infobox disease Name Acute arterial ischemic disorder Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic eMedicine mult MeshID Acute Ischemic Arterial Disorder is a vascular disease involving a sudden interruption in the arterial blood supply to a tissue, organ, or extremity that, if untreated, can lead to tissue death. It can be caused by embolism , thrombosis of an atherosclerotic atherosclerosis artery, or trauma. Venous problems like venous outflow obstruction and low flow states can cause acute arterial ischemia. An aneurysm is one of the most frequent causes of acute arterial ischemia. Other causes are heart conditions including myocardial infarction , mitral valve disease , chronic arterial fibrillation cardiomayopathies, and prosthesis , in all of which thrombi are prone to develop. ref name Lewis Lewis. S.L 2008 . Medical Surgical Nursing 7th ed. Vascular disorder. pp. 907 908. ref The thrombi may dislodge and may travel anywhere in the circulatory system, where they may lead to pulmonary embolus , an acute arterial occlusion causing the oxygen and blood supply distal to the embolus to decrease suddenly. The degree and extent of symptoms depend on the size and location of the obstruction, the occurrence of clot fragmentation with embolism to smaller vessels, and the degree of peripheral arterial disease PAD . ref name Lewis Traumatic injury to an extremity may produce partial or total occlusion of a vessel from compression, shearing or laceration. Acute arterial occlusion ... of an acute arterial ischemia have an abrupt onset. Clinical manifestations of acute arterial ischemia ... intervention, ischemia may progress quickly to tissue necrosis and gangrene within a few hours. Paralysis is a very late sign of acute arterial ischemia and signals the death of nerves supplying the extremity ... name Lewis See also Arterial embolism Ischemia Peripheral vascular disease References Reflist Category ... more details
frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia . ref name pmid15043513 cite ... AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia. American Gastrointestinal Association journal Gastroenterology ... Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement guidelines on intestinal ischemia journal ... are treated supportively and recover fully, while a minority with very severe ischemia may develop ... with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene , or bowel perforation ... make a full recovery occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long term complications ... mesenteric vasculopathy. II. Ischemic colitis and chronic mesenteric ischemia. journal Gastroenterol ... cite journal author Hunter G, Guernsey J title Mesenteric ischemia. journal Med Clin North Am volume ... and do not progress beyond this phase. A paralytic phase can follow if ischemia continues in this phase ... depending on the severity of the ischemia. The most common early signs of ischemic colitis include ... to the underlying cause. Non occlusive ischemia develops because of low blood pressure or constriction of the vessels feeding the colon occlusive ischemia indicates that a blood clot or other blockage has cut off blood flow to the colon. Non occlusive ischemia In hemodynamic unstable patients i.e. ... only apparent through a systemic inflammatory response. Occlusive ischemia Mostly the result of a thromboembolism ... by the aortic graft. Thus, patients without adequate collateralization are at risk for ischemia of the descending .... These watershed areas are most vulnerable to ischemia when blood flow decreases, as they have ... and the internal iliac artery the rectum is rarely involved by colonic ischemia due to this dual blood supply. Development of ischemia Under ordinary conditions, the colon receives between 10 and 35 of the total cardiac output. ref name uptodate UpToDate, Colonic ischemia , accessed 2 September 2006. ref If blood flow to the colon drops by more than about 50 , ischemia will develop. The arteries ... more details
In cardiology , hibernating myocardium is a state when some segments of the myocardium exhibit abnormalities of contractile function. ref name pmid9664095 cite journal author Wijns W, Vatner SF, Camici PG title Hibernating myocardium journal N. Engl. J. Med. volume 339 issue 3 pages 173 81 year 1998 month July pmid 9664095 doi 10.1056 NEJM199807163390307 url http content.nejm.org cgi pmidlookup?view short&pmid 9664095&promo ONFLNS19 ref These abnormalities can be visualised during echocardiography or ventriculography . The finding of a perfusion or metabolic mismatch between PET FDG and PET NH3 is indicative of decreased metabolism. The wall of the affected segments is hypo , a , or dyskinetic. The phenomenon is highly significant clinically because it usually manifests itself in the setting of chronic ischemia , that is potentially reversible by Revascularization revascularisation via cardiac catheterization. The regions of myocardium are still viable and can restore its function. There develops a new steady state between myocardial blood flow MBF and myocardial function, MBF reduced and in consequence function is reduced too. The clinical situations where one can expect hibernating myocardium are chronic stable Angina pectoris angina unstable angina silent ischemia after myocardial infarction AMI See also stunned myocardium myocardial scarring References Reflist Heart diseases Category Ischemic heart diseases ... more details
Animal model s of ischemic stroke are procedures inducing cerebral ischemia . The aim is the study of basic ... Several models in different species are currently known to produce cerebral ischemia ref graham2004 . Global ischemia models, both complete and incomplete, tend to be easier to perform. However, they are less immediately relevant to human stroke than the focal stroke models, because global ischemia is not a common feature of human stroke. However, in various settings global ischemia is also relevant ... ischemic stroke Some of the mechanisms which have been used are Complete global ischemia ... ischemia Hemorrhage or hypotension Hypoxic ischemia Intracranial hypertension and common carotid ... artery occlusion in some species only Focal cerebral ischemia Endothelin 1 induced constriction of arteries ... hypertensive rats Macrosphere embolization Multifocal cerebral ischemia Blood clot embolization Microsphere embolization Photothrombosis Hypoxic Ischemia models One of the most commonly used animal models of hypoxic ischemia was originally described by Levine in 1960 and later refined by Rice et al., in 1981. This approach is useful to study hypoxic ischemia in the developing brain, since newborn ... regions of the brain, especially cortical and hippocampal areas. Focal ischemia models They are divided into techniques including reperfusion of the ischemic tissue transient focal cerebral ischemia and those without reperfusion permanent focal cerebral ischemia . The following models are established ... MCA being reperfused after a defined period of focal cerebral ischemia ref buchan1992 . Like permanent ... one MCA and both CCAs is referred to as the three vessel occlusion model of focal cerebral ischemia ... of the irradiated vessels with secondary tissue ischemia ref watson1985 . See also animal models ... model of temporary focal neocortical ischemia in the rat journal Stroke volume 23 issue 2 pages ... ischemia impairs outcome in the endovascular filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats ... more details
Nomi may refer to Klaus Nomi The Nomi Song , a documentary about Klaus Nomi Nomi pornographic actress Nomi , a French pornographic actress Nomi Ruiz , a singer in the band Hercules and Love Affair Nomi, Ishikawa , city in Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan Nomi, Trentino Nomi , a municipality in Trentino , Italy North Miami, Florida . A Japanese chisel Nomi Shannon, an American author Nomi Mobile, a telecommunications company Non occlusive mesenteric ischemia North Minneapolis, MN, encompassing both the Near North, Minneapolis and Camden, Minneapolis districts. The Italian word for names . See also Naomi disambig de Nomi fr Nomi nl Nomi uk ... more details
wiktionarypar ALI ALI may refer to Aligning Learning Incentives Monetary Incentives pilot project for principals, teachers and students to improve school attainment, see Ana Santiago Acer Laboratories Incorporated Adult Learning Inspectorate Albion Amtrak station , Michigan, from its Amtrak station code Alice International Airport , Texas, from its IATA airport code American Law Institute ALI graffiti artist Avio Linee Italiane , a former Italian airline Acute lung injury Acute limb ischemia Annual limit on intake , Dosimetry Automatic Location Identification , used by the 9 1 1 9 1 1 emergency service to locate the caller See also Ali disambiguation disambig eo ALI fr ALI it ALI ja ALI no ALI ... more details
one source date May 2011 Infobox disease Name Ischemic optic neuropathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 H 47 0 h 46 ICD9 ICD9 377.41 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018917 Ischemic optic neuropathy ION is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve i.e. ischemia . ION is typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected. See also Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy References Dictionary of Eye Terminology , Triad Publishing Company, 1990. disease stub Eye pathology Category Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways ... more details
expert date August 2011 refimprove date August 2011 Infobox disease Name Myocardial stunning Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D017682 In cardiology stunned myocardium is a state when some section of the myocardium corresponding to area of a major coronary occlusion shows a form of contractile abnormality. This is a segmental dysfunction which persists for a variable period of time, about two weeks, even after ischemia has been relieved by for instance angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery . In this situation, while myocardial blood flow MBF returns to normal, function is still depressed for a variable period of time. Myocardial stunning is the reversible reduction of function of Cardiac cycle heart contraction ref MeshName Myocardial Stunning ref after reperfusion not accounted for by tissue damage or reduced blood flow. ref name pmid11255859 cite journal author Grund F title Three cardiac mysteries stunning, hibernation and ischemic preconditioning language Norwegian journal Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. volume 121 issue 4 pages 440 4 year 2001 month February pmid 11255859 doi url ref After total ischemia occurs, the myocardium switches immediately form aerobic glycolysis to anaerobic glycolysis resulting in the reduced ability to produce high energy phosphates such as Adenosine triphosphate ATP and creatinine Creatinine Phosphate . At this point, the lack of the energy and Lactic acid lactate accumulation results in cessation of contraction within 60 seconds of ischemia i.e. Vessel Occlusion . Subsequent to this is a period of myocardial stunning, in which reversible ischemic damage is taking place. At approximately 30 minutes after the onset of total ischemia the damage becomes irreversible, thereby ending the phase of myocardial stunning. Clinical situations of stunned myocardium are acute myocardial infarction AMI after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA after cardiac surgery neur ... more details
Image Leukencephalopathy.PNG thumb A CT demonstrating leukoencephalopathy most likely due to small vessel ischemia. Arrow marks just one of many areas. The term Leukoencephalopathy is a broad term for leukodystrophy like diseases PMID 17414998 . It is applied to all brain white matter diseases, whether their molecular cause is known or not. It can refer specifically to any of these diseases Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Toxic leukoencephalopathy Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter Leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts hypertensive leukoencephalopathy It can also refer to MLC1 or Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 , a human gene related to the disease of the same name. disambig ... more details
An aortic cross clamp is a surgical instrument used in cardiac surgery to clamp the aorta and separate the systemic circulation from the outflow of the heart . An aortic cross clamping procedure serves, for example, in the repairing of Coarctation of the aorta coarctation of the aorta. In newborns, the treatment of choice for this condition is resection and primary anastomosis . The clamping of the aorta excludes the systemic circulation, by definition, thus causing an ischemia. When a long cross clamping period longer than 25 min or a drop in distal aortic pressure below 50 60 mmHg is anticipated, the use of an intraoperative shunt may prevent complications such as paraplegia . ref Schwartz s principles of surgery self assessment and board review, 8th edition, chapter 19 question 5, chapter 21 question 17 ref DEFAULTSORT Aortic Cross Clamp Category Medical clamps medical equipment stub Surgical instruments reflist ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy refers to a degeneration of the white matter of the brain following a sudden increase in blood pressure. ref Blueprints Neurology, 2nd ed. ref Presentation Patients can present with sudden increase in blood pressure, acute confusional state, headaches, vomiting, and seizure. Retinal hemorrhages and hard exudates may be present on funduscopic exam. Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy may have concurrent cardiac ischemia and hematuria. Imaging MRI shows hyperintensities on T2 weighted imaging, localized usually to the parietal and occipital regions. Treatment Antihypertensives may be effective treatment See also Leukoencephalopathy Leukodystrophy References references Category Brain disorders de Leukodystrophie es Leucodistrofia fr Leucodystrophie nl Leukodystrofie pl Leukodystrofie ... more details
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is a type of arteriolosclerosis involving a narrowed lumen anatomy lumen . ref DorlandsDict nine 100021472 hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis ref The term onion skin is sometimes used to describe this form of vessel ref name urlPathology Education cite web url http www.pathology.vcu.edu education dental2 athero.html title Pathology Education work accessdate 2009 01 12 ref with thickened concentric smooth muscle cell layer and thickened, duplicated basement membrane. In malignant hypertension these hyperplastic changes are often accompanied by fibrinoid necrosis of the arterial intima and media. These changes are most prominent in the kidney and can lead to ischemia and acute renal failure. It can be caused by malignant hypertension . ref name urlAtherosclerosis cite web url http library.med.utah.edu WebPath ATHHTML ATH022.html title Atherosclerosis work accessdate 2009 01 12 ref References reflist Vascular diseases Category Vascular diseases ... more details
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