wiktionarypar ItalicitalicItalic may refer to Anything of or relating to Italy Anything of, or relating to, the Italian Peninsula Ancient Italic peoples , Italic language speaking people of ancient Italy Italic languages , an Indo European language family Old Italic alphabet , an alphabet of ancient Italy In calligraphy and typography Italic script , a method of handwriting Italic type , used in typography mainly for emphasis In architecture The Italic or Composite order See also Italica disambig es It lica desambiguaci n gl It lica ko ... more details
This article is about the calligraphic and handwriting style. Also see Old Italic alphabet or Italic type . Italic script , also known as chancery cursive , is a semi cursive , slightly sloped style of handwriting and calligraphy that was developed during the Renaissance in Italy . It is one of the most popular styles used in contemporary Western calligraphy, and is often one of the first scripts learned by beginning calligraphers. History Image Humanist and Italic a.png thumb 262px One of the innovations of Niccoli s Italic script was the major change to the Humanist minuscule a . Italic script is based largely on Humanist minuscule , which itself draws on Carolingian minuscule . The letters are the same as the Humanist capitals, modeled on Roman square capitals . The Italian scholar Niccol de Niccoli was dissatisfied with the lowercase forms of Humanist minuscule, finding it too slow to write. In response, he created the Italic script, which incorporates features and techniques characteristic of a quickly written hand oblique forms, fewer strokes per character, and the joining of letters. Perhaps the most significant change to any single character was to the form of the a , which he simplified from the two story form to the one story form unicode now ubiquitous to most handwriting styles. Under the influence of Italic movable type used with printing press es, the style of handwritten Italic script moved towards disjoined, more mannered characters. By the 1550s the Italic script had become so laborious that it fell out of use with scribes. The style became increasingly influenced by the development of Copperplate script Copperplate writing styles in the eighteenth century. The style Italic script used today is often heavily influenced by developments made as late as the early 20th century. In the past few decades, the italic script has been promoted in English speaking countries as an easier to learn alternative to traditional styles of cursive handwriting. In the UK ... more details
Hatnote This article is about the calligraphic and handwriting type. Also see Old Italic alphabet or Italic script Refimprove date June 2006 In typography , italic type is a cursive typeface based on a stylized ... type or Swash typography swash capitals rather than true italics. This style is called italic for historical .... History File Niccolo de Niccoli italic handwriting.jpg thumb right Sample of Niccol de Niccoli Niccoli s cursive script, which developed into Italic type Italic type was first used by Aldus Manutius ... , Manutius invented the italic typeface. ref Citation title Eats, Shoot & Leaves The Zero Tolerance ... of being read by everyone. Unlike the italic type of today, the capital letters were upright roman capitals which were shorter than the ascending lower case italic letters and used about 65 tied letters Typographic ligature ligatures in the Aldine Dante and Virgil of 1501. This Aldine italic became the model for most italic types. It was very popular in its own day and was widely and inaccurately ... called the character Aldino, while others called it Italic. The slanting italic capital was first introduced by printers in Lyon, France Lyon When date February 2011 and is now used in nearly all italic ... Italic.svg thumb 400px center An example set in both Roman type roman and italic type. The same example ... as set in oblique type . Some examples of possible differences between roman and italic type, besides ... to the diagonal vertical one. None of these differences are required in an italic some, like the p variant, do not show up in the majority of italic fonts, while others, like the a and f variants, are in almost every italic. Other common differences include Double loop g replaced by single loop ... in sp . In addition to these differences in shape of letters, italic lowercases usually lack serif ... both Outside the regular alphabet , there are other italic types for symbols Ampersand resembles eTil ... W. V. last2 Metanomski url http www.iupac.org standing idcns italic roman dec99.pdf title On the use ... more details
Infobox language family name Italic region Originally Italy, today mainly southern Europe, maximum extent ... Age Italy during the sixth century BC. Note most of these are not Italic languages. Indo European topics 315 The Italic subfamily is a member of the Indo European languages Indo European language ... Faliscan , and South Picene language South Picene . In the past various definitions of Italic ... links below. ref Italic includes the Latin subgroup Latin and the Romance languages as well as the ancient Italic languages Faliscan, Osco Umbrian and two unclassified Italic languages, Aequian ..., was also closely related to the Italic languages and is sometimes classified as Italic. However .... In the extreme view, Italic did not exist, but the different groups descended directly from Indo ... in identifying a common Italic homeland in nowrap prehistory. ref harvnb Silvestri 1998 pp 322 323 . ref In the intermediate view, the Italic languages are one of the ten or eleven major subgroups of the Indo European language family and might therefore have had an ancestor, common Italic or proto Italic, from which its daughter language s descend. Moreover, there are similarities between major ... Indo European dialects are Celtic languages Celtic , Italic and Tocharian languages Tocharian ... The main debate concerning the origin of the Italic languages is the same as that which preoccupied ... and then also taken its recognisable form all within Greece. A proto Italic homeland outside Italy is just as elusive as the home of the hypothetical Greek speaking invaders. No early form of Italic is available to match Mycenaean Greek. The Italic languages are first attested in writing from Umbrian and Faliscan inscriptions dating to the 7th century BC. The alphabets used are based on the Old Italic alphabet , which is itself based on the Greek alphabet . The Italic languages themselves show minor .... The intermediate phases between Italic and Indo European are still in deficit, with no guarantee ... more details
unreferenced date November 2009 The Italic League or Most Holy League was an international agreement concluded in Venice on the 30 August 1454, stipulated by the Republic of Venice Serenissima and the States of Duchy of Milan Milano and Republic of Florence Florence , which follows the Peace of Lodi signed a few months earlier. Solemnly proclaimed on the 2 March 1455 with the accession of Pope Nicholas V 1447 1455 , Alfonso V of Aragon and other small countries sovereigns, established the mutual help in case of attack on the integrity of one of the member states and a 25 years truce between the Italian powers that are committed to respect the established boundaries. After a period of confrontation, Francesco Sforza is considered by the Italian states as successor to the last of the Visconti for having married his only daughter. The Italic League had an essential part in the politics of balance, subsequently pursued by Lorenzo the Magnificent 1449 1492 its only cracks were the Pazzi The conspiracy Pazzi Conspiracy , the Barons Conspiracy and the War of Ferrara Salt War . The League is the coherent development of the Peace of Lodi, born from the realization that none of the regional Italian states, despite the long and bloody wars in the last hundred years, is in a position to assume the hegemony in the north, let alone the entire peninsula. The League provides therefore a blocked balance, founded on mutual suspicion and fear of France rather than on collaboration for the formation of a more broad state structure. Unlike France, Spain and England , Italy fails to develop into a nation state, and is now ready to become a land of conquest for the European powers. This phenomenon has been charged to several factors to name only the most famous interpretations, Francesco Guicciardini Guicciardini has seen the cause in particularism, Niccol Machiavelli Machiavelli into moral and civil decay of institutions and morals and in papal policy, for centuries aimed at avoiding the formation ... more details
NOTOC Infobox single Name GBI German Bold Italic Cover GBI OZ CDSingle.jpg Artist Towa Tei featuring Kylie Minogue from Album Sound Museum Released October 19, 1998 October 25, 1998 UK Format 5 CD single br Gramophone record 12 Vinyl single br Cassette single Recorded London , England Genre Pop music Pop , house music house , dance music dance , funk , disco , electronica Length 4 37 Label Warner Bros. Records Warner Bros. br East West Japan br Akashic br Coalition Writer Towa Tei br Kylie Minogue Producer Towa Tei Certification Chronology Kylie Minogue Last single Cowboy Style br 1998 This single GBI German Bold Italic br 1998 Next single Spinning Around br 2000 Misc Extra chronology Artist Towa Tei Type single Last album Luv Connection br 1995 This album GBI German Bold Italic br 1998 Next album Butterfly Towa Tei song Butterfly br 1998 GBI German Bold Italic was a single from Towa Tei s 1998 album Sound Museum . The song is a collaboration with Australian singer Kylie Minogue . At the time, Tei was best known as one of the DJs behind New York club sensations Deee Lite , having produced their biggest hit Groove Is In The Heart and appearing in the promotional video, from which some audio blips were re used on this single Minogue meanwhile was going through a difficult point in her musical career critics were praising her musical ventures on the DeConstruction label, but the public were failing to warm to it, particularly the Impossible Princess album. Minogue decided to add vocals to this techno influenced dance record and the result is probably the most avant garde entry in her entire discography and probably the most unknown . Music video By far, GBI is one of Minogue ... Italic. The font is seen on the single cover, and was included as a bonus feature on the CD single ... CDs es GBI German Bold Italic hu G.B.I.German Bold Italic pt GBI German Bold Italic sl GBI German Bold Italic ... more details
Infobox language family name Gallo Italic region Italy , San Marino , Switzerland , Monaco familycolor Indo European fam2 Italic languages Italic fam3 Romance languages Romance fam4 Western Romance Western fam5 Gallo Romance languages Gallo Romance child1 Piedmontese language Piedmontese child2 Ligurian language Romance Ligurian child3 Lombard language Lombard child4 Emiliano Romagnolo The Gallo Italic sfn Rohlfs 1975 pp 1 20 sfn Jud Jaberg 1928 p sfn Meyer L bke 1920 p 17 sfn Pellegrini 1977 p sfn Pellegrini 1975 pp 55 87 or Gallo Italian sfn Ethnologue p language group is a genetic subgroup of the Romance ... 1977 p but some scholars include it too among Gallo Italic dialects. sfn Ethnologue p Geographical distribution File Italian languages.png thumb Gallo Italic in shades of green Traditionally spoken in Northern Italy , Southern Switzerland , San Marino and Monaco , most Gallo Italic languages have ... language Monegasque . Subdivisions General classification Gallo Italic Piedmontese language Piedmontese ... Emiliano Romagnolo Emilian language Emilian Romagnol language Romagnol Phonology The Gallo Italic ... Italic languages delete all unstressed final vowels except a , e.g. Lombard m man , f m smoke ... contrast Italian tt . Isolated varieties in Sicily see Gallo Italic of Sicily Varieties of Gallo Italic languages are also found in Sicily , corresponding with the central eastern parts of the island ... language itself, these dialects are best described as Gallo Italic of Sicily Gallo Italic ... have suggested that the Gallo Italic dialect present today has Franco Proven al language Proven al ... varieties of Gallo Italic languages, locally spoken from 13th and 14th century, are also found in Basilicata ... Basilicata , Trecchina , Rivello , Nemoli and San Costantino . See also Gallo Italic of Sicily ... www.ethnologue.org show family.asp?subid 298 16 Indo European, Italic, Romance, Italo Western . cite ... DEFAULTSORT Gallo Italic Languages Category Gallo Italic languages ar ca Nord ... more details
ref improve date September 2011 Infobox Writing system name Old Italic type Alphabet sample masiliana tablet.svg caption The Marsiliana tablet abecedarium , ca. 700 BC ABGDEVZH IKLMN OP QRSTUX , read right to left languages Italic languages , Etruscan language Etruscan , Raetic language Raetic time 8th to 1st centuries BC fam1 Phoenician alphabet fam2 Greek alphabet Cumae alphabet Cumae variant children Latin alphabet , Runic alphabet sisters Anatolian alphabets unicode http www.unicode.org charts PDF U10300.pdf U 10300&ndash U 1032F iso15924 Ital SpecialChars Old Italic refers to several now extinct alphabet systems used on the Italian Peninsula in ancient times for various Indo European Indo European languages predominantly Italic languages Italic and non Indo European e.g. Etruscan language Etruscan languages. The alphabets derive from the Euboean Greek Cumaean alphabet , used at Ischia and Cumae in the Bay of Naples in the eighth century BC. Various Indo European languages belonging to the Italic languages Italic branch Faliscan language Faliscan and members of the Sabellian language Sabellian group, including Oscan , Umbrian , and South Picene , and other Indo European branches ..., side view showing the inscription in the Old Italic Etruscan alphabet. It is not clear whether ... N O P Q R S T V X Unicode The Old Italic alphabets were unified and added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2001 with the release of version 3.1. Block The Unicode block for Old Italic is U 10300&ndash U 1032F without specification of a particular alphabet i.e. the Old Italic alphabets are considered ... scholars use left to right and this is the Unicode default direction for the Old Italic block. For this reason ... Italic Letters with Transliteration border 1 cellpadding 3 cellspacing 0 style border collapse collapse ... PDF U10300.pdf Old Italic Unicode http www.omniglot.com writing etruscan.htm The Etruscan alphabet Omniglot http www.omniglot.com writing olditalic.htm Old Italic alphabets Omniglot http www.ancientscripts.com ... more details
The Gallo Italic of Sicily lang it Gallo italico di Sicilia is a group of Gallo Italic dialects, linguistic set of Romance languages , found in central eastern Sicily that date back to migrations from Northern Italy during the time of Normans Norman Roger I of Sicily and which continued after his death under his successor Roger II of Sicily Roger II from around 1080 to 1120 . The towns that were populated by the new immigrants were to become known as the Lombard communities or cumuna lummardi in the Sicilian language . In truth, the colonisers, known as Lombards of Sicily were not all from today s Lombardy , but most parts of Northern Italy , including Piedmont , Liguria and Emilia region of Italy Emilia Lombardy being the name for the whole of Northern Italy in the Middle Ages. Apart from their geographic origin, the one common attribute that the colonisers had was that they brought with them their Gallo Italic languages Gallo Italic idioms. These idioms were to add to the Gauls Gallic influence of the newly developing Sicilian language influences which also include Norman language Norman and Proven al dialect Old Proven al , but more importantly, in about nine isolated communities, the idioms would merge with Sicilian over the centuries to create distinctive Gallo Sicilian dialects. They are far too unique to be considered dialects of Sicilian itself, nor can they be considered dialects of the Lombard language , and because of the differences in origin of each respective community, they share only a passing resemblance with each other. History Image RogerAtTheBattleOfCerami1061.JPG thumb right 150px Norman Roger I of Sicily at the battle of Cerami 1063 , in which he was victorious ... time, create altogether unique Gallo Italic of Sicily idioms in some of the more isolated communities. Area of diffusion The main Gallo italic dialects of Sicily are found in the following towns ... Gallo Italic of Sicily Romance languages Category Gallo Italic languages Category Languages of Sicily ... more details
branch of the Italic languages , in turn a branch of the Indo European languages Indo European IE family of languages. Other members of the West Italic group are believed to have been Faliscan language ... , a language spoken in central Sicily . The West Italic languages were thus spoken in limited and isolated areas, whereas the East Italic group comprised the Oscan and Umbrian dialects spoken ... expansion by ca. 2500 BC, the orange zone by ca. 1000 BC. Note the movement of the Italic branch ... belonged to a group of Indo European tribes, conventionally known as the Italic tribes , that populated ... common hypothesis is that the Italic peoples migrated into the Italian peninsula some time during the Italian Bronze Age ca. 1800 900 BC . ref Britannica Latium ref The most likely route for the Italic ... in culture. ref Cornell 1995 31 3 ref Some historians have ascribed these changes to the arrival of the Italic ... the central region dominated by the Italic tribes. ref Cornell 1995 34 map 1 ref As Cornell points ... Italic group including the Latins , migrated into the peninsula in a first wave, followed ... of the surviving West Italic niches. However, the timing remains elusive, as does the sequence of the Italic IE languages with the non IE languages of the peninsula, notably Etruscan language ... 5 ref The Latins appear to have become culturally differentiated from the other Italic tribes in the period ... DEFAULTSORT Latins Italic Tribe Category Ancient peoples of Italy ... more details
Infobox language family name Umbrian altname region Ancient south and central Italy familycolor Indo European fam2 Italic languages Italic fam3 Umbrian languages Umbrian The Umbrian languages are a group of languages of the Italic languages Italic language family Umbrian language Umbrian , Volscian language Volscian , Sabine language Sabine , South Picene language South Picene , Marsian language Marsian . Category Osco Umbrian languages ie lang stub ... more details
Italic title Journal of Chromatography may refer to Journal of Chromatography A Journal of Chromatography B dab es Journal of Chromatography ... more details
italic title italic title Eucephalus may refer to Eucephalus plant Eucephalus plant , a genus of aster like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Leptotyphlops , a genus of blind snakes for which Eucephalus is a junior synonym. disambig fr Eucephalus ... more details
wikispecies Italic title Acrophyllum may refer to Acrophyllum plant Acrophyllum plant , a plant genus Acrophyllum insect Acrophyllum insect , a cricket genus genus disambiguation ... more details
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