refimprove date June 2011 Infobox Government agency agency name JetPropulsionLaboratory Science Division nativename nativename a nativename r logo NASA logo.svg logo width 100px seal JetPropulsionLaboratory logo.svg seal width 120px picture Site du JPL en Californie.jpg picture width 220px picture caption Aerial view of the JetPropulsionLaboratory in La Canada Flintridge, California formed 1936 preceding1 date1 date1 name date2 date2 name preceding1 preceding2 parent agency JetPropulsionLaboratory , NASA jurisdiction U.S. federal government headquarters Pasadena, California latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW employees 16 budget chief1 name Harold Yorke chief1 position Division Manager child2 agency website http science.jpl.nasa.gov JPL Science Division home page footnotes map map width 180px map caption The JetPropulsionLaboratory JPL Science Division investigates physics physical and chemical process es on the Earth, in the solar system , and throughout the universe. Explorations of space and terrestrial processes lead to understanding of the universe. Methods for accomplishing scientific work pertaining to the nature of the Earth, the solar system, the galaxy, and etc., are addressed in the JPL Science Division. Techniques in both physical and life sciences are utilized. ref name oview Coverage File Mars sunset PIA00920.jpg thumb left 220px Mars sunset The JetPropulsionLaboratory, Pasadena, CA , developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA ... to the general public. ref name oview Not all science at the JetPropulsionLaboratory ... domain material from JPL and NASA publisher JetPropulsionLaboratory date September 2010 url http ... JetPropulsionLaboratory NASA centers California Institute of Technology Category JetPropulsionLaboratory ... and survivability. ref name resch areas Cite web title Research Topics List work publisher JetPropulsionLaboratory date September 2010 url http scienceandtechnology.jpl.nasa.gov research ResearchTopics ... more details
The JetPropulsionLaboratory Display Information System or JPLDIS is a file management program written in Fortran FORTRAN . JPLDIS is important because it was the inspiration and precursor to dBASE , arguably one of the most influential Database management system DBMS programs for early microcomputers. ref name data based advisor ref name PC Week History In the late 1960s, Fred Thompson at the JetPropulsionLaboratory JPL of the California Institute of Technology CalTech was using a Tymshare product named RETRIEVE to manage a database of electronic calculators. In 1971 Fred collaborated with Jack Hatfield, a programmer at JPL, to write an enhanced version of RETRIEVE which became the JPLDIS project. JPLDIS evolved into a file management program written in Fortran FORTRAN , running on a UNIVAC 1108 mainframe. Jack Hatfield published two papers entitled JetPropulsionLaboratory Data Information System JPLDIS . The first paper was presented to the Univac Users Group in Dallas, TX Feb. 1973 and the second paper was presented to the National Science Foundation conference on Data Storage and Retrieval Methods at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri July 1973 . Jack Hatfield left JPL in 1974 and the JPLDIS project was assigned to Jeb Long, another programmer at JPL, who added many advanced features plus a programming language. In 1978, while at JPL, Wayne Ratliff wrote a database program in assembly language for CP M based microcomputers to help him win the football pool at the office. He based it on Jeb Long s JPLDIS and called it Vulcan, after Mr. Spock of Star Trek. In late 1980, George Tate, of Ashton Tate , entered into a marketing agreement with Wayne Ratliff. Vulcan was renamed to dBase, the price was raised from 50 to 695, and the software quickly became a huge success. JPLDIS was the reason why Ashton Tate lost a lawsuit against FoxPro and SCO FoxPro over copyrights used by FoxPro that were claimed to belong to Ashton Tate and the dBase product. On December ... more details
The name JetPropulsionLaboratory Development Ephemeris followed by a number , the abbreviation JPL DE number , or just DE number designates one of a series of Computer simulation models of the Solar system Solar System produced at the JetPropulsionLaboratory in Pasadena, California , primarily for purposes of spacecraft navigation and astronomy. The models consist of computer representations of Position vector positions , Velocity velocities and Acceleration accelerations of major Solar System bodies, tabulated at equally spaced intervals of time, covering a specified span of years. center of mass Barycentric Cartesian coordinate system rectangular coordinates of the Sun , eight major planet s and Pluto , and geocentric coordinates of the Moon are tabulated. History There have been many versions of the JPL DE , from the 1960s through the present, ref See, for example, cite web url http naca.larc.nasa.gov search.jsp?R 19680002127&qs Ns 3DPublication Date 0 26N 3D4294828771 title JPL Development Ephemeris Number 28 author Lieske year 1967 work JPL Technical Report 32 1206 cite web url http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa casi.ntrs.nasa.gov 19700021709 1970021709.pdf title JPL Development Ephemeris Number 69 author O Handley, et al. year 1969 work JPL Technical Report 32 1465 cite web url http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1976jden.book.....S title JPL Development Ephemeris number 96 author Standish, et al. year 1976 see also Newhall, Standish and Williams 1983 . ref in support of both robotic and manned ref cite web url http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa casi.ntrs.nasa.gov 19740075866 1974075866.pdf title Estimated DE19 Lunar Ephemeris Errors for the Apollo 15 Mission author York year 1971 work NASA MSC Internal Note 71 FM 291 ref spacecraft missions. Available documentation is sketchy, but we know DE69 was announced in 1969 to be the third release of the JPL Ephemeris Tapes, and was a special ... in 2011 to support the Mars Science Laboratory mission. See also JetPropulsionLaboratory Fundamental ... more details
Jetpropulsion is motion produced by passing a jet fluid jet of fluid e.g. air or water in the opposite direction to the direction of motion. By conservation of momentum , the moving body is propelled in the opposite direction to the jet. A number of animals, including cephalopod s, sea hare s, arthropod s and fish have convergent evolution convergently evolved jetpropulsion mechanisms. These have been artificially mimicked by the jet engine . Physics Jetpropulsion is most effective when the Reynolds number is high that is, the object being propelled is relatively large and passing through a low viscosity medium. ref name Packard1972 cite doi 10.1111 j.1469 185X.1972.tb00975.x ref In biology, the most efficient jets are pulsed, rather than continuous ref name ref d cite doi 10.1242 jeb.041962 ... but non combusting forms also exist. Jet propelled animals see Aquatic locomotion JetPropulsionJetpropulsion in cephalopod s is produced by water being exhaled through a siphon , which typically narrows ... Sea hares gastropod molluscs employ a similar means of jetpropulsion, but without the sophisticated ... Some teleost fish have also developed jetpropulsion, passing water through the gills to supplement ... Organ last Wake first M.H. ref rp 201 In some dragonfly larvae, jetpropulsion is achieved ... ref cite journal url http jeb.biologists.org cgi content abstract 134 1 347 ref also employ jetpropulsion. The most efficient jet propelled organisms are the salps, ref name ref a which use an order ... ref Jet engine main Jet engine A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet fluid jet of fluid to generate thrust by jetpropulsion and in accordance with Isaac Newton Newton s Newton s laws of motion laws of motion . This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojet s, turbofan s, rocket engine rocket s, ramjet s, pulse jet engine pulse jets and pump jet s. In general, most jet engines are internal combustion engines ref cite web author Encyclopæ dia Britannica ... more details
Image PEPL logo small.png right Plasmadynamics and Electric PropulsionLaboratory PEPL is a University of Michigan laboratory facility for Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion electric propulsion and plasma physics plasma application research. The primary goals of PEPL is to increase efficiency of electric propulsion systems, understand integration issues of plasma thrusters with spacecraft , and to identify non propulsion applications of electric propulsion technology. The current director and founder is Professor Alec D. Gallimore. PEPL currently houses the Large Vacuum Test Facility LVTF . The chamber was constructed in the 1960s by Bendix Corporation for testing of the Lunar rover and was later donated to the University of Michigan in 1982. The cylindrical 9 m long by 6 m diameter long stainless steel clad tank is utilized for Hall effect thruster , electrostatic ion thruster , magnetoplasmadynamic thruster , and arcjet rocket arcjet testing as well as space tether and plasma diagnostics research. See also Nonequilibrium Gas and Plasma Dynamics Group External links http www.engin.umich.edu dept aero spacelab index.html Plasmadynamics and Electric PropulsionLaboratory Official Website Category University of Michigan science stub ... more details
Primary sources date October 2009 Notability date October 2009 The Swiss PropulsionLaboratory SPL is a rocket laboratory that runs integrated programs focusing on research and development of space technology. It is located in Langenthal, Switzerland and was founded in 1998. The company develops, builds and runs rocket systems that transport small payloads into Low earth orbit low earth orbit LEO . ref http www.spl.ch about index.html About SPL ref The company works and coordinates with external facilities and other organizations such as universities, graduate schools and Switzerland s precision industry. It is a partner of the White Label Space team, which is currently competing in the Google Lunar X PRIZE . ref http www.whitelabelspace.com 2008 07 swiss propulsion lab.html Swiss Propulsion Lab on the White Label Space website ref External links http www.spl.ch SPL website References reflist Category Space centres Category Langenthal ... more details
Propulsion usually means movement caused by a force. Propulsion may refer to wiktionary propulsion Vehicle propulsion Air propulsion Ground propulsion Marine propulsion Spacecraft propulsion Animal locomotion , also referred to as propulsion Music Propulsion TV news music , a television news music package created by 615 Music disambig da Drivkraft es Propulsi n it Propulsione ms Perejangan nl Voortstuwing ... more details
station group Pump jet , a marine propulsion mechanism for jetskis and other types of boats Water ...wiktionary Jets jet jets Jet , Jets , or The Jets may refer to TOC right Aerospace Jet engine Jet aircraft Rocket engine Jet Airways , an airline based in India serving domestic and international routes JetLite , subsidiary of Jet Airways JetBlue Airways , an airline based in New York Jetstar Airways ... code JET Jetel , a defunct Canadian airline Engineering Jet nozzle Jet nozzle , used on gas cookers and many other applications Mathematics and science Jet mathematics Jet bundle Jet fluid , a coherent ... or aperture Jet stream , in meteorology, commonly referred to as jetJet particle physics , a narrow ... physics or heavy ion experiment Polar jet , a phenomenon in astronomy, where streams of matter are emitted along the axis of rotation of a compact object Relativistic jet , an extremely powerful jet of plasma which emerges from the centers of some active galaxies Jet lignite , a type of coal used in some jewelry origin of the adjective jet black Blue jetJet , a type of upper atmosphere lightning phenomena Joint European Torus , an experimental nuclear fusion machine Music Jet Records , a record label Performers Jet band , an Australian rock band with the Cester brothers, active since 2001 Jet UK band , a one album UK glam rock band from London, active 1974&ndash 1976, and afterward re formed ... Jet song Jet song , a 1973 single by Wings Jet CD , a 1998 album by Puffy AmiYumi Jet My Love , a song by Nathaniel Adams Coles Fiction Jet Wildstorm , a character from Wildstorm DC Comics Jet comics , a female character in DC comics New Guardians Jet Jaguar , a fictional robot from the 1973 film ... Story musical Jet of Blood , 1925 French surreal play List of Cowboy Bebop characters Jet Black Jet Black , a character from the anime Cowboy Bebop Jet the Hawk , a video game character from Sonic Riders Jet, a widely used drug in the Fallout series Jet Fusion, a cartoon character from The Adventures ... more details
For distributed propulsion on rail see Multiple unit Distributed propulsion DP is a type of powered flight propulsion system for fixed wing aircraft in which airflows and forces are distributed about a vessel. Its goal is to increase performance in fuel efficiency, emissions, noise, field length, and handling performance as compared to the use of a single large engine, jet, or propeller. DP is typically accomplished by spanwise distribution of partially or fully embedded multiple small engines or fans across the width of wing. It may instead employ ducting of exhaust gases along the entire trailing edge of a wing. Types Any fixed wing aircraft with more than one propulsor can be considered a distributed propulsion aircraft. However, in common modern usage DP describes a propulsion system scheme with distributed exhaust, a large number of distributed engines typically fully or partially embedded ... science article pii S0376042110000497 Gohardani et al. Challenges of Future Aircraft Propulsion A Review of Distributed Propulsion Technology And Its Potential Application for the All Electric ... wing body HWB aircraft. Implementation approaches include blown flap jet flaps , transverse or cross ... Propulsion for Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft. 2008 International Powered Lift Conference, Royal Aeronautical ... http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0376042104000399 Sehra and Whitlow. Propulsion and power ... Dang and Bushnell. Aerodynamics of cross flow flans and their application to aircraft propulsion and flow ... propulsion studies suggest several improvements in aircraft performance ref http www.dtic.mil cgi bin GetTRDoc?AD ADA516809&Location U2&doc GetTRDoc.pdf Epstein, A. Distributed Propulsion New Opportunities ... assembly and maintenance. ref Kim, Hyun Dae, Distributed Propulsion Vehicles , in 27th International ... links http web.mit.edu aeroastro labs gtl MIT GTL past research.html Gas Turbine Laboratory, Massachusetts ... Propulsion ... more details
propulsion. This facility is sometimes used to control aircraft speed in steep descents, or to taxi backwards when on the ground. Most jet airliners use astern propulsion more commonly termed reverse ... rotation in a paddle driven vessel, redirecting the thrust of a water jet driven craft, changing the cyclic ... of traditional rudders is greatly reduced when not located in the propeller wash, only propulsion ... propulsion by either blowing three short, easily audible blasts or by flying the Sierra International ... able to develop astern propulsion. Airships such as the R 100 could reverse the direction of rotation ... land vehicles can develop astern propulsion, although in this case the ability is more usually termed Reversing vehicle maneuver reverse . In land vehicles reverse propulsion is usually achieved through ... Propulsion Category Marine propulsion ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Vehicle propulsion refers to the act of moving an artificial carrier of people or goods over any distance. The power plant used to drive the vehicles can vary widely. Originally, humans or animals would have provided the propulsion system , later being supplemented by wind power e.g. sailing ship . Since the Industrial Revolution , mechanical propulsion has been possible, initially using steam engine s. More recently, most vehicles use some form of internal combustion engine , with various energy sources to power them. Realm Land and sea Wheel Propeller Air and space jet engine Propeller Spacecraft propulsion Power source Thermal External combustion engine Internal combustion engine Jet engine Rocket engine Miscellaneous HCCI Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Liquid Nitrogen Economy Liquid Nitrogen Gasoline Direct Injection Sled Wind Wind powered vehicle Glider Animal Bicycle Horse drawn vehicle Fuel types Biodiesel E10 fuel Gasohol E85 Ethanol Autogas Autogas LPG or Propane Fuel cell Hydrogen vehicle Nuclear fuel Alternative fuel cars Alternative propulsion Electric vehicles Electric vehicle Neighborhood electric vehicle Hybrid vehicle Battery electric vehicle Plug in hybrid electric vehicle Compressed air car Maglev DEFAULTSORT Vehicle Propulsion Category Automotive technologies Automotive tech stub eo Movilo lt Varytuvas ms Perejangan kenderaan ru uk ... more details
at the NASA JetPropulsionLaboratory . Some electromagnetic methods Ion thrusters accelerate ... which do use such propulsion systems. Jet engines mounted on a launch rail could also be so used. On the other ... Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellite s. There are many different methods. Each method has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion ... bloc satellites have used Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion electric propulsion for decades ... s and Hall effect thruster s two different types of electric propulsion to great success. Requirements ... some form of propulsion is occasionally necessary to make small corrections orbital stationkeeping ... to be moved from one orbit to another from time to time, and this also requires propulsion. ref cite ... also need propulsion methods. They need to be launched out of the Earth s atmosphere just as satellites ... sail Some spacecraft propulsion methods such as solar sail s provide very low but inexhaustible ... IKAROS solar sail spacecraft. Spacecraft for interstellar travel also need propulsion methods. No such spacecraft ... Physorg.com accessdate 2007 07 31 ref Effectiveness When in space, the purpose of a propulsion system ... Momentum Equations publisher Zona Land accessdate 2007 08 02 ref So the goal of a propulsion method in space is to create an impulse. When launching a spacecraft from the Earth, a propulsion ..., a propulsion method that produces tiny accelerations but runs for a long time can produce the same impulse as a propulsion method that produces large accelerations for a short time. When launching ... m s , an ideal propulsion system would be one that provides a continuous acceleration of 1g though ... or spaceship having such a propulsion system would be free from all the ill effects of free fall .... The law of conservation of momentum means that in order for a propulsion method to change the momentum ... of a propulsion system, designers often focus on effectively using the reaction mass. Reaction mass ... more details
Nuclear propulsion includes a wide variety of propulsion methods that fulfil the promise of the Atomic ... icebreaker s, use nuclear reactor s as their power plants. See nuclear marine propulsion for civil ... Car Concept ref Aircraft main Nuclear aircraft Project Pluto Spacecraft Many types of nuclear propulsion ... the liquid hydrogen propellant. Courtesy of NASA Glenn Research Center Nuclear pulse propulsion main nuclear pulse propulsion Project Orion nuclear propulsion Project Orion , first engineering design study of nuclear pulse i.e., atomic explosion propulsion Project Daedalus , 1970s British Interplanetary Society study of a fusion rocket Project Longshot , US Naval Academy NASA nuclear pulse propulsion ... can provide great performance advantages compared to chemical propulsion systems. Nuclear power sources ... Applications, a US nuclear thermal rocket program Project Prometheus , NASA development of nuclear propulsion ... a nuclear thermal rocket. The program ran at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory from 1955 through ... spacecraft to Mars ref The nuclear propulsion would have mega watt class, provided necessary funding, Roscosmos Head stated. According to him, the propulsion will be able to support human mission to Mars, with cosmonauts staying on the Red planet for 30 days. The journey to Mars is with nuclear propulsion with steady accelaration would take 6 weeks instead of 8 Month with chemical propulsion. The thrust ...?id 2&nid 11297&lang en Space Propulsion for Martian Mission may be Developed in 6 9 Years ref ref http ... wiredscience 2009 11 nuclear propulsion in space Russia Leads Nuclear Space Race After ... powered ramjet for propulsion. Nuclear aircraft General Electric s cold war project to build a nuclear powered bomber. Robert W. Bussard a pioneer of nuclear space propulsion. Bibliography Cite ... Propulsion publisher McGraw Hill year 1958 postscript None Cite document last Bussard first R author ... fusion energy system for outer planet space propulsion, 2003 Nuclear propulsion Nuclear Technology ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Image Lab bench.jpg thumb Modern biochemistry laboratory at the University ... laboratory of the 18th century, of the sort used by Antoine Lavoisier and his contemporaries File Laboratoire de Lavoisier.jpg thumb Lavoisier s Laboratory, Mus e des Arts et M tiers , Paris A laboratory ... of laboratory is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories. These notably include the film laboratory or darkroom the computer lab the media lab the medical laboratory medical lab the public health laboratory public ... or military facilities, and even aboard ship s and spacecraft . A laboratory might offer work ... chemist or biology biologist might use a wet laboratory , while a psychology psychologist s lab might ... for the researcher, who may spend a large portion of his or her working day in the laboratory. The provision of Cabinet furniture cabinets for the storage of laboratory equipment is quite common. It is traditional for a scientist to record an experiment s progress in a laboratory notebook , but modern ... labs, though, hazards are present. Laboratory hazards are as varied as the subjects of study in laboratories ... in the United States, recognizing the unique characteristics of the laboratory workplace, has tailored ... referred to as the Laboratory Standard . Under this standard, a laboratory is required to produce ... to them. In determining the proper Chemical Hygiene Plan for a particular business or laboratory ... in the laboratory. Training is critical to the ongoing safe operation of the laboratory facility ..., injuries and potential litigation. Efforts are made to ensure laboratory safety videos are both ..., Relevant, and Engaging Laboratory Safety Videos Journal of Chemical Education 2007 84 10 , 1727 http ... Administration OSHA , www.osha.gov Laboratory Safety Institute LSI , www.labsafety.org American ... LaboratoryLaboratory Contamination control ISO IEC 17025 Lab website Workshop Hackspace Category ... more details
Infobox company company name Berg Propulsion foundation 1912 location H n , Gothenburg , Sweden industry Manufacturing & Service products Marine propulsion Marine Propulsion Systems num employees 400 small 2010 small homepage http www.bergpropulsion.com www.bergpropulsion.com intl yes Berg Propulsion is a Swedish company that designs and manufactures controllable pitch propeller s for the marine industry. The company produces customized Propeller main propellers , azimuth thruster s, Bow thruster transverse thrusters and maneuver systems. Berg Propulsion has production facilities in Sweden and Singapore , and sales & service offices in Shanghai , Guangzhou , Istanbul , Dubai , Singapore , Bremen , San Sebasti n San Sebastian , Rio De Janeiro , Busan , Genoa and Sweden . Involvement Berg Propulsion is a sponsor of the Puma Ocean Racing, powered by Berg Propulsion racing team for the 2011 12 Volvo Ocean Race . Berg Propulsion is a corporate partner of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects . Notes and references Reflist colwidth 30em External reference http www.bergpropulsion.com Volvo Ocean Race http www.volvooceanrace.com news article 2010 APRIL PUMA ANNOUNCEMENT 080410 Royal Institution of Naval Architects http www.rina.org.uk corporatepartners.html Category Companies established in 1912 Category Manufacturing companies of Sweden manufacturing company stub de BERG Propulsion sv Berg Propulsion ... more details
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across ... by mechanical systems consisting a motor or engine turning a propeller , or less frequently, in jet drives, an impeller . Marine engineering is the discipline concerned with the design of marine propulsion system s. Steam engine s were the first mechanical engines used in marine propulsion, but have ..., outboard motors, and gas turbine engine s on faster ships. nuclear marine propulsion Nuclear ... boat s and have been proposed for energy efficient propulsion. ref http www.ivt.ntnu.no imt electricship ... watercraft propulsion. Before mechanisation, merchant ships always used sail, but as long as naval ..., human propulsion is found mainly on small boats or as auxiliary propulsion on sailboats. Human propulsion includes the pole, still widely used in marshy areas, rowing which was used even on large galley s, and the pedals. Propulsion by sail generally consists of a sail hoisted on an erect mast, supported by stays and spars and controlled by ropes. Sail systems were the dominant form of propulsion ... foot PS Comet Comet of 1812. Steam propulsion progressed considerably over the rest of the 19th century ... built Queen Elizabeth 2 which had her steam turbines replaced with a diesel electric propulsion ... to meet the demand. It may be that the days are numbered for marine steam turbine propulsion systems ... nuclear marine propulsion nuclear powered cargo passenger ship Nuclear powered steam turbines ... to low prices of diesel oil, nuclear propulsion is rare except in some Navy and specialist vessels such as icebreaker ... Kirov class . An example of a non military ship with nuclear marine propulsion is the Arktika class ... Savannah NS Savannah have so far proved uneconomical compared with conventional propulsion ... gearboxes. Usually such propulsion systems consist of either one or two propeller shafts each with its ... has become a major world problem. Environmentally friendly innovations in marine propulsion technology ... more details
Propulsion electric drivetrain AC Propulsion tzero AC Propulsion eBox Volvo 3CC Venturi Fetish Courreges ... Roadster Tesla has licensed technology from AC Propulsion Mini E ref http www.acpropulsion.com press releases ACP Powers MINI E.pdf Press release from AC Propulsion ref Dead link date July 2011 Peraves ... alone. This was the first around the clock flight of such a propulsion system, carried only by solar ... Powertrain Drivetrain References reflist External links Commons category AC Propulsion http www.acpropulsion.com DEFAULTSORT Ac Propulsion Category Motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States ... Category Companies based in Los Angeles County, California de AC Propulsion fr AC Propulsion nl AC Propulsion sv AC Propulsion ... more details
Laser propulsion is a form of beam powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote usually ground based laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional ... Thruster system It is also less polluting than traditional propulsion. ref cite web title Investigations ... of laser propelled vehicles was first introduced by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972. Laser propulsion ... radiation pressure drives the momentum transfer, the principle behind the propulsion of solar sail ... as in a conventional rocket. The second class of propulsion systems are fundamentally limited ... propulsion. Ablative laser propulsion Ablative Laser Propulsion ALP is a form of beam powered propulsion ... . Ablative propulsion will work in air or vacuum. Specific impulse values from 200 seconds to several ... of ablative propulsion include double pulse propulsion in which one laser pulse ablates material ... Pakhomov at the University of Alabama in Huntsville of the UAH Laser Propulsion Group. Pulsed plasma propulsion A high energy pulse focused in a gas or on a solid surface surrounded by gas produces ... the shock front during and after the pulse transmits momentum to the craft. Pulsed plasma propulsion using air as the working fluid is the simplest form of air breathing laser propulsion. The record ... , works on this principle. CW plasma propulsion A continuous laser beam focused in a flowing stream ... propulsion. However, to achieve high specific impulse , the propellant must have low molecular weight ... propulsion has the disadvantage that the laser beam must be precisely focused into the absorption chamber ... propulsion. Using a large flat heat exchanger allows the laser beam to shine directly on the heat exchanger ... ref a similar microwave thermal propulsion concept was developed independently by Kevin L. Parkin at Caltech in 2001. Laser electric propulsion A general class of propulsion techniques in which the laser ... spacecraft propulsion electric propulsion thruster. Usually, laser electric propulsion is considered ... more details
Field propulsion is the concept of spacecraft propulsion where no propellant is necessary but instead momentum of the spacecraft is changed by an interaction of the spacecraft with external force fields. Examples are a gravity assist trajectory, which uses planetary gravity fields and orbital momentum, schemes that use electromagnetic field s such as radiation pressure such as solar sails or photonic drive, and aerodynamic fields such as solar wind and aerobraking . Other concepts that have been proposed are more speculative, using frontier physics that may or may not become engineering practice in the future. Although speculative, ideas such as coupling to the momentum flux of the zero point electromagnetic wave field hypothesized in stochastic electrodynamics have a plausible basis for further investigation within the existing theoretical physics paradigm. Examples of proposals for field propulsion that rely on physics outside the present paradigms are various schemes for faster than light , warp drive and antigravity , and often amount to little more than catchy descriptive phrases ... the engine itself. This system seems to satisfy many of the requirements of a field propulsion system ... and rocket propulsion, and as such, might offer potential for a radical advance in performance capabilities. References http www.ovaltech.ca spctrvl thryop3.html Examples of current field propulsion ... Example of a possible field propulsion system based on existing physics and links to papers ... Stoyan Sarg, Field Propulsion by Control of Gravity Theory and Experiments, 2009, ISBN 978 1448693085. br http www.bis space.com Y. Minami., An Introduction to Concepts of Field Propulsion, JBIS,56,350 359 2003 . br http www.npo astro.org index e.html Minami Y., Musha T., Field Propulsion Systems for Space ..., Field Propulsion System for Space Travel Physics of Non Conventional Propulsion Methods for Interstellar Travel, 2011, ISBN 978 1 60805 270 7. br Category Spacecraft propulsion Category Science fiction ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ground propulsion is a different term than transport, because it refers to solid bodies being propelled. Those bodies may be mounted on vats or using wheels while the latter dominates for standard applications. The primary and most natural type of propulsion is the use of muscle power. Vehicles drawn by an animal have nearly disappeared nowadays. There are some communities left, where one can make a living solely relying on the techniques employing muscle energy in a very efficient form like bicycle s, wheelchair s etc.. But civilisation employs other types of methods to transport bodies with higher velocities, in the last two centuries up into the 1970s mostly steam engine s. Now the main focus is on internal combustion engine s electric motor s which includes linear motors being part of the track or combinations of those. Turbines are not used because of the small part load efficiency. Also other types with external combustion like the Stirling engine or without combustion like the fuel cell are only used in planes. It is different in transmission that has a manual or automatic. See also Alternative propulsion DEFAULTSORT Ground Propulsion Category Propulsion Vehicle stub ... more details
refimprove date April 2011 File The Love Potion.jpg thumb The Laboratory is a poem and monologue by Robert Browning . It was first published in June 1844 in Hood s Magazine and Comic Miscellany , and later Dramatic Romances and Lyrics in 1845. This poem, set in seventeenth century France, is the monologue of a woman speaking to an apothecary as he prepares a poison, which she intends to use to kill her rival in love. It was inspired by the life of Madame de Brinvilliers Marie Madeleine Marguerite D Aubray, marquise de Brinvilliers 1630 1676 , who poisoned her father and two brothers and planned to poison her husband. ref English and English Literature Anthology for AQAA ref . The Poem blockquote ANCIEN REGIME br Now that I, tying thy glass mask tightly, br May gaze thro these faint smokes curling whitely, br As thou pliest thy trade in this devil s smithy br Which is the poison to poison her, prithee ? br br He is with her and they know that I know br Where they are, what they do they believe my tears flow br While they laugh, laugh at me, at me fled to the drear br Empty church, to pray God in, for them I am here. br br Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste, br Pound at thy powder, I am not in haste br Better sit thus, and observe thy strange things, br Than go where men wait me and dance at the King s. br br That in the mortar you call it a gum? br Ah, the brave tree whence such gold oozings come br And yonder soft phial, the exquisite blue, br Sure to taste sweetly, is that poison too? br br Had I but all of them, thee and thy treasures, br What a wild crowd of invisible pleasures br To carry pure death in an earring, a casket, br A signet, a fan mount, a filigree basket br br Soon, at the King s, a mere lozenge to give br And Pauline should have just thirty minutes to live br But to light a pastille, and Elise, with her head br And her breast and her arms and her ... I dance at the King s blockquote cite References reflist AQA Anthology DEFAULTSORT Laboratory Category ... more details
orphan date February 2009 Green Propulsion is a Belgian research and development centre specialising in battery electric and hybrid vehicle s. The Imperia GP car is developed by Green Propulsion. Vehicles Imperia GP Imperia GP is a hybrid electric vehicle to be sold in 2011, from 78,091 , before taxes, with preorder s in 2009. The motorisation of the Imperia GP roadster relies on the PowerHybrid propulsion technology. ref cite web url http www.imperia auto.be en powerhybrid.php title Imperia Automobiles publisher Imperia auto.be date accessdate 2009 10 25 ref Expand section date January 2009 Other vehicles Other Green Propulsion vehicles includes Electric kart , with Li ion batteries. Electric motorcycle , with a 100 km range and convert 70 km h mi h 0 abbr on top speed. Plug in hybrid Plug in Hybrid Volkswagen Lupo , with Na NiCl batteries and 40 km in only electric mode. Hybrid Renault Kangoo , with Li ion batteries and an More than 40 km in only electric mode. Series hybrid electric bus Hybrid urban bus for max 18 passengers, Ni Cd batteries and over 25 km in only electric mode or unlimited range in hybrid mode diesel . Expand section date January 2009 References reflist External links http www.greenpropulsion.be Green Propulsion Its partner http www.btd.be Breuer Technical Development . Category Motor vehicle manufacturers of Belgium Category Hybrid electric vehicles Category Electric vehicle manufacturers ... more details
Air propulsion is the generation of thrust during flight by an aircraft or a creature such as a bird , bat or insect . Aircraft main Powered flight An aircraft propulsion system must serve two purposes. First, the thrust from the propulsion system must balance the drag of the airplane when the airplane is cruising. And second, the thrust from the propulsion system must exceed the drag of the airplane for the airplane to accelerate. In fact, the greater the difference between the thrust and the drag, called the excess thrust, the faster the airplane will accelerate. Some aircraft , like airliners and cargo planes, spend most of their life in a cruise condition. For these airplanes, excess thrust is not as important as high engine efficiency and low fuel usage. Since thrust depends on both the amount of gas moved and the velocity, we can generate high thrust by accelerating a large mass of gas by a small amount, or by accelerating a small mass of gas by a large amount. Because of the aerodynamic efficiency of propellers and fans, it is more fuel efficient to accelerate a large mass by a small amount. That is why we find high bypass fans and turboprops on cargo planes and airliners. Some aircraft, like fighter planes or experimental high speed aircraft, require very high excess thrust to accelerate quickly and to overcome the high drag associated with high speeds. For these airplanes, engine efficiency is not as important as very high thrust. Modern military aircraft typically employ afterburners on a low bypass turbofan core. Future hypersonic aircraft will employ some type of ramjet or rocket propulsion. Bird flight main Bird flight Flapping When a bird flaps, as opposed to gliding, its wings continue to develop lift as before, but the lift is rotated forward to provide thrust , which counteracts drag and increases its speed, which has the effect of also increasing lift ... the up stroke. Citation needed date October 2009 References reflist Category Propulsion es Propulsi n ... more details
Electromagnetic propulsion EMP , is the principle of accelerating an object by the utilization of a flowing ... and the magnetic field. This repulsing force is what causes propulsion in a system designed to take advantage of the phenomenon. The term electromagnetic propulsion EMP can be described ... , and propulsion the process of propelling something. One key difference between EMP and propulsion ... of electromagnetic propulsion does not have origins with any one individual and has applications in many different fields. The thought of using magnets for propulsion continues to this day and has .... History One of the first recorded discoveries regarding electromagnetic propulsion was in 1889 ... these principles and introduced the first practical application of electromagnetic propulsion. ref ... km h. Guinness World Records authorization. Electromagnetic propulsion is utilized in transportation ... propulsion system encompasses. ref name katenine Bonsor, K. 2010, October 13 . How Maglev ... linear motion. ref name katesix Spacecraft main Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion ... term to next century. ref Byers, D. C. 1984 . The NASA electric propulsion program. JSASS AIAA DGLR 17th International Electric Propulsion Conference, 1 9. ref One of such applications is the use of EMP .... 2001 . Magnetic propulsion systems. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 37 3 , 245 261. ref To attain ... that attain propulsion through the intermediate use of heat this results in low efficiencies and large ... propulsion. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 41 1 , 64 91. ref The electrical energy in the coil of the EMP ... to produce the necessary values of the current in the propulsion system. Ships and Submarines ... ship propulsion. American Society of Naval Engineers Journal, 73 1 , 139 142. ref See also Magnetohydrodynamics References reflist Category Propulsion Category Magnetic devices Category Magnetic propulsion devices da Elektromagnetisk fremdrift fr Propulsion magn tique ja ... more details
Water jet has several meanings including Water jet cutter , a tool for cutting virtually any material Water jet cleaning and surface preparation , a tool for cleaning and surface preparation using ultra high pressure waterjet a jet fluid jet of water under pressure, like in an ornamental fountain Pump jet , a marine propulsion mechanism for jetskis and other types of boats Water jet recreation , a personal use water cannon that can be turned to spray in different directions and is usually found in water parks disambig ... more details
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