A Stock may refer to London Underground A Stock , London Underground rolling stock built in 1903 London Underground A60 and A62 Stock , a class of sub surface train run on the London Underground, built in 1960 MTR A Stock EMU , rolling stock built for MTR s Tung Chung Line and Airport Express MTR Airport Express . It may also refer to Alec Stock Disambig ... more details
other uses File Joint.png 400px thumb Right Typical Joint A joint is the location at which two or more ... 4074 title Joint definition publisher eMedicine Dictionary date 27 April 2011 accessdate 27 January ..., a cartilaginous joint. Image Illu synovial joint.jpg thumb right Diagram of a synovial diarthrosis joint. Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined ... one joint, while ses is the suffix for pluralization. Structural classification Structural classification ... of joints fibrous joint joined by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers ... Wiley & Sons ref cartilaginous joint joined by cartilage synovial joint not directly joined the bones ... or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joint s e.g., skull sutures . amphiarthrosis permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joint s e.g., vertebrae . diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joint s e.g., shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, etc. , and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent by Terminologia Anatomica . ref DorlandsDict four 000055678 synovial joint ref Biomechanical classification ... accessdate 2008 01 29 work ref Simple Joint 2 articulation surfaces e.g. shoulder joint , hip joint Compound Joint 3 or more articulation surfaces e.g. radiocarpal joint Complex Joint 2 or more articulation surfaces and an articular disc or meniscus anatomy meniscus e.g. knee knee joint Anatomical joint groups redirects here The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups ... joint s Vertebral articulation s Temporomandibular joint s Sacroiliac joint s Hip joint s Knee Knee joint s Articulations of foot Joint disorders Further Arthropathy Arthritis A joint disorder is termed ... . Most joint disorders involve arthritis, but joint damage by external physical trauma is typically ... when involving only one single joint. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability ... more details
for other uses Stock disambiguation STOCK is software for fixed assets management and stock control developed in 2004. Stocktaking process is carried using a hand held mobile terminal equipped with barcode reader or RFID technology. Every object is identified by a barcode with the unique Asset Register Number linked with the exact record in the Fixed Assets Register FAR . IT enables identifying object, its placement and owner. STOCK software uses PHP language and cooperates with MySQL , PostgreSQL , Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle Database Oracle data bases. Interface uses AJAX technology. It enables access from the web browser. Thanks to the WebService component the program can be integrated with other systems within the organization. External links http www.inwentaryzacja.net.pl en index.html STOCK software Web page http smartmedia.com.pl stock eng.html Distributors Web page Category Logistics Category Accounting software ... more details
primary sources date March 2012 notability Companies date March 2012 Wipf and Stock is a publishing house located in Eugene, Oregon . They publish works in theology, biblical studies, history and philosophy. Wipf and Stock were established in 1995 following a joint venture between John Wipf of the Archives Bookshop in Pasadena, California , and Jon Stock of Windows Booksellers in Eugene, Oregon. The company publish new works and reprints under the imprints Wipf & Stock, Cascade Books, Pickwick Publications and Resource Publications. ref cite web url http wipfandstock.com about us our history title History ref References reflist External links official website http wipfandstock.com US publish company stub Category Book publishing companies of Oregon Category Companies based in Eugene, Oregon Category Christian publishing companies Category Publishing companies established in 1995 ... more details
of the bird or joint. Fresh meat makes a superior stock and cuts rich in connective tissue ...other Stock disambiguation Image Making stock for pho bo.jpg thumb right 300px Making stock in a pot on a Kitchen stove stove top . Stock is a flavoured water preparation. It forms the basis of many Dish food dishes , particularly soup s and sauce s. Preparation Traditionally stock is made by simmering ... cooker this will result in a better stock in a much shorter time. Citation needed date April ... proportions to the remains of cooked poultry to provide a richer and fresher tasting stock. Quantities ... for stock in European cooking due to its greasiness although 19th century recipes for consomme and traditional ... bones are most commonly used. The flavour of the stock comes from the cartilage and connective ... the liquid. Stock made from bones needs to be simmered for longer than stock made from meat ... in a sachet to make it easier to remove once the stock is cooked. Today, ready made stock and stock cubes consisting of dried, compressed stock ingredients are readily available. These are commonly known ... brand of stock cube sold there. Stock or broth? The difference between broth and stock is one of both cultural and colloquial terminology but certain definitions prevail. Stock is the thin liquid ... classic stock as made from beef, veal, chicken, fish and vegetable stock. Broth differs in that it is a basic ... isbn 0 563 36286 3 ref Types Chicken stock should be cooked for 3 4 hours. Fish stock is made with fish bones and finely chopped mirepoix. Fish stock should be cooked for 30 45 minutes cooking any longer spoils the flavour. Concentrated fish stock is called fish fumet. In Japanese cuisine Japanese cooking , a fish and kelp stock called dashi is made by briefly 3 5 minutes cooking skipjack tuna bonito flakes called katsuobushi in nearly boiling water. Fond blanc , or white stock, is made by using ... stock. The brown color is achieved by roasting the bones and Mirepoix cuisine mirepoix . This also ... more details
East India Company was formed as a jointstockcompany with shares that were readily tradable. The stock ... as to when corporate stock was first trade d. Some see the key event as the Dutch East India Company ... to expedite trade. By the late 1500s, British merchants were experimenting with jointstock companies intended to operate on an ongoing basis one such was the Muscovy Company , which sought to wrest ... up the following year. Soon thereafter, English jointstock companies began going public. File Nasdaq ... ref Raising capital for businesses The Stock Exchange provide company law companies with the facility ... investors , the stock and the company tend to lose value. In the stock exchanges, shareholders of underperforming ... a company must have issued at least a million shares of stock worth 100 million and must have earned ... 1022540125610.html ref NASDAQ Stock Exchange To be listed on the NASDAQ a company must have issued ...A stock exchange is a form of Exchange organized market exchange which provides services for stock broker s and trader finance traders to trade stock s, Bond finance bonds , and other security finance securities . Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other ... traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies, unit trust s, Derivative finance derivatives ... stock exchange, it must be listed there. Usually, there is a central location at least for record ... . A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market . Supply and demand in stock ... see stock valuation . There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange. Such trading is said to be off exchange or over ... finance bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a global market for securities ... of stock developed gradually. Some scholars place its origins as far back as ancient Rome. Partnership ... bond issued by the Dutch East India Company , dating from 7 November 1623, for the amount of 2,400 ... more details
process Stock certificate , a document representing ownership equity in a companyStock market , the medium ...wiktionary stock stocks Stock is a representation of capital paid or invested into a business entity. Stock may also refer to TOCright Places Stock, Essex , England Stock, Podlaskie Voivodeship , Poland Stock Township, Harrison County, Ohio , United States Stock Township, Noble County, Ohio , United States Shire Middle earth Eastfarthing Stock , a fictional village in the works of J. R. R. Tolkien ... , a genus of flowering plants Virginia stock Malcolmia maritima , a garden plant Animals Cattle crush UK , or standing stock, US , a stall or cage used to restrain livestock Fish stock , semi discrete ... kept for agricultural purposes Stockfish , a type of dried fish product People Albert Stock 1897 1969 , Welsh international rugby player Alec Stock 1917 2001 , English football manager Alejandro Stock b. 1965 , Uruguayan artist Alfred Stock 1876 1946 , German inorganic chemist Andrew Stock b. 1960 , British artist Ann Stock , American government official Barbara Stock b. 1956 , American actress Barry Stock b. 1974 , Canadian guitarist Brian Stock b. 1981 , Welsh footballer Christian Stock 1884 1967 , German politician Constant Vanden Stock 1914 2008 , Belgian footballer David Stock b. 1939 , American composer Debra Stock b. 1962 , English cricketer Dennis Stock 1928 2010 , American photographer Dora Stock 1760 1832 , German artist Francine Stock b. 1958 , British journalist Franz Stock 1904 1948 , German priest in Paris during World War II Frederick Stock 1872 1942 , German composer Gerhard St ck 1911 1985 , German athlete Gregory Stock , American biophysicist Hans Christian Stock 1919 1945 , German soldier James H. Stock b. 1956 , American economist Jean Pierre Stock 1900 1950 , French rower Jeff Stock b. 1960 , American soccer player Jon Stock b. 1966 , British novelist Joseph Stock 1740 1813 , Irish bishop Lady Gertrude Stock 1842 1893 , English novelist Lara Stock b. 1992 ... more details
unreferenced date January 2009 Unissued stock is stock that has been authorized in a company s charter , but has never been sold. It differs from Treasury stock in the UK, Treasury shares, as treasury stock means something else , in that treasury stock has been issued, and bought back by the company, whereas unissued stock has never been issued. Category Corporations law business stub ... more details
car rolling stock . United States main Terminal railroad Joint railways are called terminal railroad ... Ilkley , West Yorkshire , including a joint railway A joint railway is a railway operating under the control of more than one railway company those companies very often supplying the traction over the railway. United Kingdom There are many examples of joint railway working in the United Kingdom . The more important ones included Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway M&GN Midland Railway and Great ... Railway and London, Midland and Scottish Railway LNER LMS . This was the UK s biggest joint railway system at 183 miles 295 km and operated with its own locomotives and Railroad car rolling stock ..., the joint railway s main engineering centre. Cheshire Lines Committee Great Northern Railway Great ... miles 224 km operated with its own Railroad car rolling stock . Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway the Great Northern Railway Great Britain Great Northern and Great Eastern Railway ... miles 197 km Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway London and South Western Railway LSWR and Midland Railway . 101 miles 162 km operated, with its own locomotives and Railroad car rolling stock ... LBSCR SE&CR MetR District 7 miles 11 km Metropolitan and Great Central Joint Committee the Metropolitan ... in 1931 Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway the Caledonian Railway Caledonian , Glasgow ... ppwig Preston and Wyre Joint Railway L&YR LNWR. 45 miles 72 km Great Western and Great Central Railways Joint Committee the Great Western Railway Great Western and Great Central Railway Great Central Railways. 41 miles 66 km Severn and Wye Joint Railway Great Western Railway and Midland Railway ... London and North Western Railways. 10.5 miles 17 km South Yorkshire Joint Railway GCR GNR L&YR MidR NER. 20 miles 32 km Furness and Midland Joint Railway 9 miles 15 km http home.clara.net gw0hqd fandm fandm.htm Metropolitan and Metropolitan District Joint Committee Metropolitan Railway ... more details
Stock clearance is an activity by a company where ownership of products and materials move on to another Legal person legal entity . These products and materials in stock clearance will not form the basis of a company s key activities. As such they are often end of line stock, surplus stock, returned stock or bankrupt stock. A company will often pursue a non profit making agenda when clearing stock, seeking a wider strategic advantage. This can be in the form of releasing storage space, releasing supervision of materials and equipment, ending technical support for a product. Many companies avoid channel conflict by selling anonymously through specialized stock clearance companies. In doing so they seek preservation of the existing corporate image. Most companies from time to time end up with surplus goods, liquidated goods and bankrupt stock. This can be a costly problem. Stock Clearance is a process by which companies free up valuable money and space. Reasons Leading to Stock Clearance Cancelled orders or late deliveries Closing Down of business Overproduction Returns Frustrated Stock When importer or exporter decides to abandon the stock and leave it with the shipping company When customers are told that the reason for a price reduction is a stock clearance, they find this less attractive than other explanations such as a volume discount. ref citation url http www.informaworld.com ... they suspect that the stock clearance indiactes that the products are of poor quality. There are a number of companies that specialize in stock clearance. Clients can dispose of their surplus stock discreetly through companies such as stock buyers who will then re sell this stock to exporters, wholesalers, and smaller retailers. There are many benefits of using a stock clearance company to dispose of stock in this way. They generally have the cash available and the warehousing in place to offer a quick and efficient solution to stock disposal problems. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Stock Clearance ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 No par stock is stock issued with no par value par or face value. In modern practice, par value is an antiquated concept and no par stock is increasingly common. In most jurisdictions, the par value of a stock is the lowest possible price at which a company could issue stock, and amounts equivalent to the aggregate par values of the stock were required to have special treatment as stated capital in accounting . No par stocks often require the board of directors of a company to determine a stated value when issuing no par stock to replace the par determined capital amounts. Some U.S. states do not allow corporations incorporated in the state to issue no par stock. In these states stock s par values are often extremely low relative to the trading value of the shares e.g. , one cent, or fractions of a cent . See also Corporation Incorporation business Incorporation Stock Par value finance stub Category Corporate finance Category Economics terminology Category Equity securities Category Stock market ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A stock swap , also known as a share swap , is a business takeover or acquisition in which the acquiring company uses its own stock to pay for the acquired company. Each shareholder of the newly acquired company receives a certain number of shares of the acquiring company s stock for each share of stock they previously held in the acquired company. Sometimes some shareholders are required to wait for an agreed upon period before they are allowed to sell their new shares of stock. Alternatively, it is a method of exercising stock option s where shares that the holder already owns are used to buy new shares at the exercise price . It is one of the poison pill strategies used to avoid a hostile takeover bid by another company. DEFAULTSORT Stock Swap Category Mergers and acquisitions Econ stub el ja ru ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Shadow stock is a stock of an already listed company which has the same or similar industry as a new listed company. Since the stock price of new listed companies mostly boost up after being listed in a stock market , shadow stocks may also boost up to cope with the trend. However, as the increase in shadow stock price is irrelevant to the performance of the companies themselves, the stock price may drop again after such increasing power fades. Category Stock market Econ stub zh yue zh ... more details
Stock mix is the combination of Product business products a company sells or manufactures . The stock mix is determined by the demand for certain products and the Profit accounting profitability of those products. External links Category Inventory business stub retailing stub ... more details
Image Fernet Stock Flaschen.jpg thumb upright Two different Fernet Stock, produced in the Czech Republic and Italy Image Fernet Stock.jpg thumb upright A bottle and glass of Fernet Stock Fernet Stock is a herbal bitters made in Plze Bo kov , Czech Republic and in Trieste , Italy . It is flavoured with approximately 14 herbs, imported from the Mediterranean and the Alps . It is also available in a sweeter form as Fernet Stock Citrus. The original Fernet is approximately 40 alcohol Italian version 41 , whereas the Citrus is a lower 30 . History In 1884, Lionello Stock founded during the crisis after the Panic of 1873 Germany and Austria Panic of 1873 the Camis & StockCompany in Trieste , then part of the Austria Hungary Austro Hungarian Monarchy . ref name stockhist http web.archive.org web 20080609064518 http www.stock.cz en profil historie.do Stock History ref The cognac which the company produced sold quite well, but following the end of the First World War , trade between the countries that had been united under the empire became more difficult. Stock bought a distillery in Bo kov, where spirits shipped from Trieste could be bottled. Only in 1927 did Fernet Stock begin production, only to be hit by the Great Depression in 1929 and then seized by the Nazi s as Aryanization Jewish property in 1939, and ending up as national property by the end of the Second World War . Although Lionello Stock regained possession briefly in 1947, it was nationalization nationalized in 1948. Fernet Stock s popularity only increased through the 1960s and 70s, and following the Velvet Revolution , its sales increased dramatically. Fernet Stock Citrus was launched in 1997. References references ... spa.it stock site.html Stock Triest http www.stock.cz en Stock Plze Bo kov http www.geltier.hu Fernet Stock Hungary Category Bitters Category Czech distilled beverages Category 1927 introductions cs Fernet Stock de Stock Spirituosen es Fernet Stock it Stock azienda he 84 ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 Restricted stock , also known as letter stock or restricted securities , refers to stock of a company that is not fully transferable until certain conditions have been met. Upon satisfaction of those conditions, the stock becomes transferable by the person holding the award. One type of restricted stock is a form of compensation granted by a company. Typically, the conditions that allow the shares to be transferred are continued employment during a period of time, upon which they vesting vest . However, those restrictions can also be some sort of performance condition, such as the company reaching earnings per share goals or financial targets. Restricted stock is becoming a more prominent form of employee compensation, particularly to corporate title executives . Citation needed date April 2010 It has come to prominence as stock options have fallen out of favor after the perceived excesses of the stock market in the early 21st century. Citation needed date April 2010 Restricted stock awards are also coming into favor for executives because the Income tax in the United States income tax consequences can be more favorable to employees than stock options. Citation needed date April 2010 For example, in the United States the consequences of a restricted stock award may be managed by the election under section 83 b of the Internal Revenue Code , and in some ... of the stock, and for all appreciation to be taxed at capital gains rates, even if the stock appreciated prior to vesting. In contrast, stock options can result in ordinary income to the recipient when exercised, especially when the stock has appreciated prior to vesting, with only the post exercise appreciation deferred to the time of sale at capital gains rates. See also Concentrated stock Market capitalization Outstanding shares Public float stock market Category Corporate finance Category Fundamental analysis Category Stock market ... more details
Merge from Voting share date April 2010 Refimprove date June 2009 Financial markets Common stock is a form ... voting share or ordinary share are also used in other parts of the world common stock being primarily used in the United States. It is called common to distinguish it from preferred stock . If both types of stock exist, common stock holders cannot be paid dividend s until all preferred stock dividends including payments in arrears are paid in full. In the event of bankruptcy , common stock investors receive any remaining funds after bondholders, creditors including employees , and preferred stock ... stock usually carries with it the right to vote on certain matters, such as electing the board of directors. However, a company can have both a voting and non voting class of common stock. Holders of common stock are able to influence the corporation through votes on establishing corporate objectives and policy, stock splits, and electing the company s board of directors. Some holders of common stock also receive preemptive rights, which enable them to retain their proportional ownership in a company should it issue another stock offering. There is no fixed dividend paid out to common stock holders and so their returns are uncertain, contingent on earnings, company reinvestment, efficiency of the market to value and sell stock. ref cite web url http www.wfu.edu palmitar Law&Valuation chapter 204 4 3 1.htm title Characteristics of common stock ref Additional benefits from common stock ... to its owner to share in the profits of the company dividends and to vote at general meetings of the company. the residual value of the company is called common stock. See also Shares authorized Shares issued Shares outstanding Share capital Treasury stock Capital surplus Shareholders equity ... stock 3779142 1.html Common Stock vs. Preferred StockStock market state collapsed Category Stock market Category Equity securities Category Corporate finance Category Economics terminology ... more details
POV date July 2011 A stock promoter is someone who promotes a stock , ultimately attempting to persuade others to purchase it so that its price goes up. Citation needed Doesn t make sense for new issue date July 2011 Stock promoters first relied on cold call ing prospective investors to acquire stock in a company, and then later moved on to using the Internet , which provides for a much more efficient method of promoting a stock to a wider audience. Citation needed Sentence based on narrowly pejorative definition of stock promoter date July 2011 Stock promotion is a generally illegal and fraudulent activity. Citation needed date July 2011 Usually, stock promoters promote penny stock s because of the difficulty in finding information on these companies as they are normally listed on the OTC Bulletin Board or Pink Sheets , which do not require that companies provide as much financial information as other exchanges, such as the NYSE . ref cite news title SEC Accuses 44 Online Stock Promoters of Fraud work The Washington Post date 1998 10 29 author Mufson, Stephen ref ref cite news title Maze yields 46 million Penny stock promoter s assets traced work International Herald Tribune date 2003 08 09 author Hanley, Robert ref References Reflist Category Stock market ... more details
Multiple issues wikify February 2012 orphan February 2009 one source July 2007 Obsolete stock or stock obsolescence calculations are done by companies to determine how much of their stock on hand is unlikely to be used in the future. The financial value of stock obsolescence that is calculated can be entered into a general ledger system to create a stock obsolescence provision which can reduce the tax liability of a company. For this reason, a systematic and auditable approach to designing a stock obsolescence report should be used. Estimation of stock obsolescence without any traceable calculations will probably not be acceptable to an auditor. Typically, a stock obsolescence report uses the value of stock on hand as a starting point, and then reduces this value based on the potential that stock will be used up in the future. The higher the probability that stock will be used in the future, the more the on hand stock value can be reduced. Sometimes a historical usage of the item can also reduce the value, in this case, the more recently the item was used, the more the on hand value can be reduced. The formulae that calculate how much the on hand value can be reduced by may vary from company to company and are normally described in a general way in the GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Practices for that company or country. For example one formula may be If there is any future usage of the item in the next 3 months then reduce the value by 100 , if there is usage in the next 6 months then reduce by 50 , and if it is only going to be used in a year s time then reduce by 10 , if it has been used in the past 6 months then reduce by 70 , if there has been usage in the past year then reduce by 30 . Some formulae may also take into account the volume used e.g. reduce the on hand value by the percentage of product used in the past 6 months. This information was used, with permission ... 18&Itemid 1 timelineforum How to design a Stock Obsolescence Report . Category Inventory Category ... more details
stock has a PE ratio of 5 and the company becomes bankrupt, this would not be an undervalued stock. Some qualities of companies with undervalued stocks are The company s earning history is stable. The company does not specialize in high technology that can become obsolete overnight. The company is not in the middle of some financial scandal. The company s low PE ratio is not due to profits realized from capital gains. The company s low PE ratio is not due to a major decline in profitability. The company s PE ratio is below its average PE ratio for the last 10 years. The company is selling at a price below its tangible asset value. The company s trailing 3 years earnings has risen over the past 10 years. The company s credit rating is AAA, AA, or A, or even better, there is no rating because there is no debt at all. The company did not have a loss during the last recession. An excellent stock at a fair price is more likely to be undervalued than is a poor stock at a low price, according to Charles Munger , the Harvard educated partner of Buffett. An excellent stock continues to rise in value over the long term, while a poor stock declines in value. An undervalued stock will usually ...An undervalued stock is defined as a stock that is selling at a price significantly below what is assumed to be its intrinsic value finance intrinsic value . For example, if a stock is selling for 50, but can ... stock. Numerous popular books discuss undervalued stocks. Examples are The Intelligent Investor ... to the ideas of John Burr Williams . Therefore, one would not be able to predict whether a stock is undervalued without predicting the future profits of a company and future interest rates. Buffett ... year treasury bond in his calculations. Therefore, an investor has to be fairly certain that a company ... of the Internet stock bubble. Investors of these Internet stocks did not purchase undervalued stocks, as they later learned. See also Stock valuation References reflist colwidth 30em Category Valuation ... more details
refimprove date November 2007 A stock split or stock divide increases the number of stock shares in a public company . The price is adjusted such that the before and after market capitalization of the company remains the same and Stock dilution dilution does not occur. Option finance Options and Warrant finance warrant s are included. Overview Take, for example, a company with 100 shares of stock priced at 50 per share. The market capitalization is 100 50, or 5000. The company splits its stock 2 for 1. There are now 200 shares of stock and each shareholder holds twice as many shares. The price ... receive cash payments in lieu of fractional share s. It is often claimed that stock splits, in and of themselves, lead to higher stock prices research, however, does not bear this out. What is true is that stock ... suggest that such a trend would continue regardless of the stock split. In any case, stock splits do increase the Market liquidity liquidity of a stock there are more buyers and sellers for 10 shares at 10 than 1 share at 100. Some companies have the opposite strategy by refusing to split the stock ... of this. Other effects could be psychological. If many investors believe that a stock split will result in an increased share price and purchase the stock the share price will tend to increase. Others contend that the management of a company, by initiating a stock split, is implicitly Signalling economics signaling its confidence in the future prospects of the company. In a market where there is a high ... on historical charts When a stock splits, many charts show it similarly to a dividend payout and therefore do not show a dramatic dip in price. Taking the same example as above, a company with 100 shares of stock priced at 50 per share. The company splits its stock 2 for 1. There are now 200 shares of stock and each shareholder holds twice as many shares. The price of each share is adjusted to 25. Based on this example you might expect to see the stock dropping from 50 to 25. This would cause chaos ... more details
Phantom stock is a method for companies to give their management or employees a bonus if the company performs well financially. Phantom stock provides a cash or stock bonus based on the value of a stated number of share finance share s, to be paid out at the end of a specified period of time. Phantom stock is essentially a cash bonus plan, although some plans pay out the benefits in the form of shares. Phantom stock is favored by closely held or family owned companies who want to incentive incentivize management and other employees without granting them ownership equity equity . Phantom stock grants align employees motives with owners motives that is, profit growth, increased stock prices without granting employees an actual ownership stake in the company. Phantom stock can, but usually does not, pay dividend s. When the payout is made, it is taxed as ordinary income to the employee and is deductible to the employer. Generally, phantom plans require the employee to become vesting vested , either through seniority or meeting a performance target. Normally, phantom stock is taxable upon vesting, even if not paid out. Use of a rabbi trust that subjects the payout to significant risk, such as the company not being able to pay creditor s, may solve this problem. Phantom stock accounting is straightforward. These plans are treated in the same way as deferred cash compensation . As the amount of the liability accounting liability changes each year, an entry is made for the amount accrued. A decline in value would reduce the liability. These entries are not contingent on vesting. Phantom stock payouts are taxable to the employee as ordinary income and deductible to the company. However, they are also subject to complex rules governing deferred compensation that, if not properly followed, can lead to penalty taxes. External links http www.nceo.org National Center for Employee Ownership Category Options de Phantomaktie ... more details
by guarantee, joint ventures limited by guarantee with partners holding shares. In European law , the term joint venture or joint undertaking is an elusive legal concept, better defined under the rules of company law . In France, the term joint venture is variously translated as association d ... and in many Common Law countries a joint venture or else a company formed by a group of individuals ... is described below. Equity joint ventures The EJV Law is between a Chinese partner and a foreign company ...other uses2 Joint Venture essaylike date April 2010 refimprove date October 2010 A joint venture JV is a business ... anonyme loosely covers all foreign collaborations. In Germany, joint venture is better represented as a combination of companies Konzern . ref cite web url http www.mallat.com articles joint ventures.htm title Joint ventures in Lebanese and European law publisher Mallat.com date accessdate 2012 ... for the purpose of carrying out a particular project, such partnership can also be called a joint venture ... when that goal is reached. Some major joint ventures include Dow Corning , MillerCoors , Sony Ericsson , Penske Truck Leasing , Norampac , and Owens Corning . A joint venture takes place when two parties come together to take on one project. In a joint venture, both parties are equally invested in the project in terms of money, time, and effort to build on the original concept. While joint .... A joint venture can ensure the success of smaller projects for those that are just starting in the business ... high, a joint venture allows both parties to share the burden of the project, as well as the resulting profits. Since money is involved in a joint venture, it is necessary to have a strategic plan .... In order to achieve this success, honesty, integrity, and communication within the joint venture ... who could go in for a JV. Joint ventures have also become more prominent in the world of alternative ... how hedge funds have begun teaming up with traditional long only asset managers in joint ventures ... more details
East India Company founded in 1602 was the first jointstockcompany to get a fixed capital stock and as a result, continuous trade in companystock emerged on the Amsterdam Exchange. Soon thereafter ... of companystock shares and derivative finance derivative s at an agreed price these are security finance securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately. The size of the world stock market was estimated at about 36.6 trillion at the beginning of October 2008. ref ...Use mdy dates date November 2010 Financial markets A stock market or equity market is a public entity ... values , cannot be directly compared to a stock or a fixed income security, which traditionally ... to model , rather than an actual market price. The stocks are listed and traded on stock exchanges ... stock market in the United States , by market capitalization, is the New York Stock Exchange NYSE . In Canada, the largest stock market is the Toronto Stock Exchange . Major European examples of stock exchanges include the Amsterdam Stock Exchange , London Stock Exchange , Paris Bourse , and the Deutsche B rse Frankfurt Stock Exchange . In Africa, examples include Nigerian Stock Exchange , JSE Limited , etc. Asian examples include the Singapore Exchange , the Tokyo Stock Exchange , the Hong Kong Stock Exchange , the Shanghai Stock Exchange , and the Bombay Stock Exchange . In Latin America, there are such exchanges as the BM&F Bovespa and the Mexican Stock Exchange BMV . Market participants ... and Stock Liquidity on the Timing of Repurchase Transactions October 2010 . Paolo Baffi Centre Research Paper No. 2011 100. ref Trading Image Paternoster Square.jpg thumb left The London Stock Exchange Image Photos NewYork1 032.jpg thumb left The New York Stock Exchange Participants in the stock market range from small individual stock investors to large hedge fund trader finance trader s, who can be based anywhere. Their orders usually end up with a profession al at a stock exchange, who executes ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image B&O RR common stock.jpg thumb 330px Baltimore and Ohio Railroad stock certificate, 1903 In company law corporate law , a stock certificate also known as certificate of stock or share certificate is a legal document that certifies ownership of a specific number of share finance share s of stock in a corporation . In large corporations, buying shares does not always lead to a stock certificate in a case of a small number of shares purchased by a natural person private individual , for instance . In the United States , electronic registration is supplanting the stock ... May 25, 2010 accessdate September 7, 2010 title Electronic records are replacing paper stock certificates ... directly with the stock transfer agent as opposed to Street name securities street name and having ... accessdate September 7, 2010 title Free paper stock certificates? It s possible but does take work url http www.usatoday.com money perfi columnist krantz 2010 05 25 paper stock certificates N.htm ref ... certificates may exist in Sweden, but only if the shares are not listed on any stock exchange in Sweden ... meetings. Sometimes a shareholder with a stock certificate can give a Proxy voting proxy to another ... rights are defined by the corporation s charter and corporate law. Stock certificates are generally divided into two forms registered stock certificates and bearer stock certificate s. A registered stock certificate is normally only evidence of title, and a record of the true holders of the shares will appear in the stockholder s register of the corporation. A bearer stock certificate, as its name ... to exercise all legal rights associated with the stock. Bearer stock certificates are becoming uncommon ... payment of stamp duty . International initiatives have curbed the use of bearer stock certificates ... seen in practice. See also Scripophily References Reflist Commons category Stock certificates DEFAULTSORT Stock Certificate Category Corporations law Category Securities Category Legal documents ... more details
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