Joule is a concurrent programminglanguage concurrent dataflow programminglanguage, designed for building distributed computing distributed applications . It is so concurrent, that the order of statements within a block is irrelevant to the operation of the block. Statements are executed whenever possible, based on their inputs. Everything in Joule happens by sending messages. There is no control flow . Instead, the programmer describes the flow of data, making it a dataflow programminglanguage. It is considered the precursor to the E programminglanguage . Infobox programminglanguage name Joule logo paradigm multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm object oriented programming object oriented , distributed computing distributed , Dataflow year 1996 designer E. Dean Tribble developer latest release version latest release date typing untyped implementations dialects influenced by Logic Programming Concurrent logic programming Concurrent Logic Programming , Actor model Actors influenced http erights.org history original e index.html E External links http www.erights.org history jouleJoule The Great Synthesis http c2.com cgi wiki?PromisePipelining C2 Promise Pipelining http www.erights.org history joule index.html The Joule Manual Category Concurrent programming languages Category Object oriented programming languages Category Secure programming languages Category Capability systems compu lang stub ... more details
About the unit of energy Infobox Unit bgcolour name Joule image caption standard SI derived unit quantity Energy symbol J namedafter James Prescott Joule units1 SI base unit s inunits1 1 kilogram kg · ... thermal unit BTU s inunits5 val 9.48 e 4 u BTU units6 electronvolt s inunits6 val 6.24 e 18 u eV The joule ... James Prescott Joule 1818 1889 . ref http education.yahoo.com reference dictionary entry joule American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language , Online Edition 2009 . Houghton Mifflin Co., hosted ... unit pascal , and W is the watt . One joule can also be defined as The work required to move ... . This relationship can be used to define the watt. Usage SI unit lowercase James Prescott Joulejoule J Confusion with newton metre Main newton metre Although the joule has the same dimensions as the newton ... special names. Joule, for example, may formally be written newton metre, or kilogram metre squared ... examples One joule in everyday life is approximately the energy required to lift a small apple ... of magnitude energy class infobox SI multiples unit joule symbol J note Common multiples are in bold face m k mc M n G p T Nanojoule The nanojoule nJ is equal to one billionth of one joule. One ... of one joule. The Large Hadron Collider LHC is expected to produce collisions on the order of 1 ... of one joule. Kilojoule The kilojoule kJ is equal to one thousand 10 sup 3 sup joules. Outside of North ... km h 100 mph . Because 1 watt times one second equals one joule, 1 kilowatt hour is 1000 ... Celsius. Conversions Main Conversion of units of energy 1 joule is equal to val 1 e 7 u erg s exactly ... s mass energy equivalence val 1 e 44 u Foe unit foe exactly Units defined exactly in terms of the joule ... from joule SI units navbox Footer energy Category SI derived units Category Units of energy af Joule ar an Joule ast Xuliu unid bn be , be x old bg bo bs D ul br Joul ca Joule cv cs Joule cy Joule da Joule de Joule et D aul el ... more details
The joule is the derived unit of energy in the International System of Units. Joule may also refer to People James Prescott Joule 1818 1889 , physicist and brewer John Joule , chemist Reggie Joule born 1952 , politician Yzak Joule , fictional character Energy Gough Joule effect Joule heating Joule per mole Joule s laws Joule second Joule Thomson effect Other 12759 Joule , an asteroid Joule crater Jouleprogramminglanguage Optimal Energy Joule , electric car The Joule Hotel Joule Biotechnologies Inc. or Joule Unlimited See also Brayton cycle , sometimes known as the Joule cycle Olivia Joules and the Overactive Imagination Disambig surname de Joule Begriffskl rung es Joule fr Joule homonymie ko it Joule disambigua la Joule nds Joule pl Joule tr Joule ... more details
Infobox organization name Joule Centre bgcolor header background color fgcolor header text color image image border size default 200px alt alt text see WP ALT caption map optional msize map size, optional, default 250px malt map alt text mcaption optional map2 abbreviation motto predecessor successor formation October 2005 extinction date of extinction, optional type Research institute status ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc purpose Energy research headquarters Pariser Building location Manchester, M13 9PL coords Coordinates of location using a coordinates template region served UK membership language official languages general Secretary General leader title Director leader name Prof Peter Crossley leader title2 leader name2 leader title3 leader name3 leader title4 leader name4 key people main organ gral. assembly, board of directors, etc parent organization Northwest Regional Development Agency affiliations budget num staff num volunteers website http www.joulecentre.org Joule Centre remarks former name The Joule Centre is a research centre based at the University of Manchester that researches energy. History The Joule Centre for Energy Research was founded in October 2005 with 5 million from the Northwest Regional Development Agency and it cost 10 million. Structure It is based at the University of Manchester . Function It conducts energy research. References reflist External links http www.joulecentre.org Joule Centre http twitter.com joulecentre Twitter coord missing Greater Manchester Category 2005 establishments in England Category Energy research institutes Category Research institutes established in 2005 Category Research institutes in Manchester Category University of Manchester ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Dablink For information about the unit joule second see watt The joule second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second , used to measure action physics action or angular momentum . The joule second is the unit used for Planck s constant . In SI base units, the joule second is math frac kg cdot m 2 s math . Action The action physics action of a system has the dimensions of energy integrated over time it is therefore measured in joule seconds. Angular momentum The angular momentum of an object is the integral with respect to time of the torque on the object. Torque in the SI system has the unit Newton unit N metre m , so angular momentum has the unit N m s, or J s. DEFAULTSORT Joule Second Category SI derived units ... more details
Notability Astro date February 2012 Infobox planet minorplanet yes width 25em bgcolour FFFFC0 apsis name Joule symbol image caption discovery yes discovery ref discoverer E. W. Elst discovery site European Southern Observatory discovered October 9, 1993 designations yes mp name 12759 alt names 1993 TL18 named after James Prescott Joule mp category orbit ref epoch May 14, 2008 aphelion 3.4648043 perihelion 2.9700747 semimajor eccentricity 0.0768825 period 2107.9680137 avg speed inclination 4.80704 asc node 40.90716 mean anomaly 74.76195 arg peri 102.17213 satellites physical characteristics yes dimensions mass density surface grav escape velocity sidereal day axial tilt pole ecliptic lat pole ecliptic lon albedo temperatures temp name1 mean temp 1 max temp 1 temp name2 max temp 2 spectral type abs magnitude 13.0 12759 Joule 1993 TL18 is an Outer asteroid belt outer main belt asteroid discovered on October 9, 1993 by E. W. Elst at the European Southern Observatory . References Reflist External links http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 12759 Joule JPL Small Body Database Browser on 12759 Joule Minor planets navigator 12758 Kabudari 12760 Maxwell Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT Joule Category Main Belt asteroids Category Asteroids named for people Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1993 Beltasteroid stub fa it 12759 Joule hu 12759 Joule pl 12759 Joule pt 12759 Joule uk 12759 vi 12759 Joule yo 12759 Joule ... more details
lunar crater data latitude 27.3 N or S N longitude 144.2 E or W W diameter 96 km depth Unknown colong 145 eponym James Prescott Joule Joule is a Moon lunar impact crater that lies on the Far side Moon far side of the Moon . It is located to the north northeast of the walled plain Mach crater Mach . To the northwest of Joule is the crater Blazhko crater Blazhko . This is a worn and eroded crater formation. A pair of smaller craters lies along the northeastern rim, and a crater is intruding into the northwest rim. To the south is an outward projection that has the appearance of a crater partly overlain by Joule. The remainder of the rim and inner wall is somewhat irregular. The interior floor is more level than the terrain surrounding the crater, but is marked by some small craterlets. At the mid point of the interior floor is a central peak. Joule T, located less than a crater diameter to the west of Joule, lies at the center of a ray system . These rays primarily project to the south of the crater, with the most prominent ray crossing the crater Harvey crater Harvey to the south. Only faint traces of this ray system actually cross into Joule, and are generally restricted to the western rim, inner sides and floor. Satellite craters By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid point that is closest to Joule. class wikitable width 25 style background eeeeee Joule width 25 style background eeeeee Latitude width 25 style background eeeeee Longitude width 25 style background eeeeee Diameter align center K align center 25.8 N align center 141.9 W align center 16 km align center L align center 26.1 N align center 144.1 W align center 69 km align center T align center 27.7 N align center 148.2 W align center 37 km References Lunar crater references Category Impact craters on the Moon fa it Joule cratere ... more details
Use mdy dates date November 2011 Infobox Officeholder name Reggie Joule image imagesize 220px smallimage caption order office state house Alaska state Alaska district 40th term start January 13, 1997 term end president predecessor Don Long birth date birth date and age 1952 7 14 birth place Nome, Alaska death date death place nationality party Democratic Party United States Democratic spouse Linda relations children residence Kotzebue, Alaska alma mater University of Alaska, Fairbanks occupation profession religion signature website footnotes Reggie Joule is a Democratic Party United States Democratic member of the Alaska House of Representatives , representing the 40th District since 1996. ref http ballotpedia.org wiki index.php Reggie Joule ref Before the beginning of the 26th Legislature in January 2008 Representative Joule, along with Democrats Bryce Edgmon Rep. Bryce Edgmon and Bob Herron Rep. Bob Herron , began caucusing with the Republicans in the House Majority Caucus. Representative Joule is currently serving as a member of the Finance Committee. He also chairs both the Department ... Legislature. ref http housemajority.org joule index.php ref TOC Personal life Representative Joule has a wife Linda, five children Lovisa, Reggie III, Angela, Dawn and Puyuk. Reggie Joule graduated ... 1972. ref http house.legis.state.ak.us rep.php?id jou ref Before elected to office Reggie Joule was a building maintenance and construction contractor. ref http housemajority.org joule index.php?p bio ref Reggie Joule is also well known as a top competitor in the World Eskimo Indian Olympics . As a result ... Sports Hall of Fame . See also http housemajority.org joule index.php Alaska State House Majority ... bio.php?can id 12721 Project Vote Smart profile Follow the Money Reggie Joule http www.followthemoney.org ... House of Representatives Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Joule, Reggie ALTERNATIVE ..., Alaska DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Joule, Reggie Category 1952 births Category Alaska ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 File ProfJAJoule.jpg right 240px thumb Professor John Joule speaking at 52nd Polish Chemical Society Congress on September 12 16 in Lodz, Poland. John Arthur Joule did his BSc , MSc , and PhD degrees at The University of Manchester , obtaining his PhD with George Smith in 1961. He then undertook post doctoral work at with Professor Richard K. Hill at Princeton University and Professor Carl Djerassi at Stanford University . Then in 1963 he joined the academic staff of the Chemistry Department at The University of Manchester, where he is currently a Professor. In 1996 he received an Royal Society of Chemistry RSC Medal for Heterocyclic Chemistry . He co wrote the textbook http www.amazon.co.uk dp 0632054530 Heterocyclic Chemistry , initially with George Smith, but then with other authors in later editions. References http people.man.ac.uk mbdssjaj John Joule University Homepage Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Joule, John ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Joule, John Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category Alumni of the University of Manchester Category Academics of the University of Manchester Category British chemists UK chemist stub ... more details
technology joule unlimited Portrait of a Transformative Technology Joule Unlimited , Biofuels .... Joule Unlimited claims that its product will be cost competitive with crude oil at 50 a barrel 310 ... ref Joule Unlimited has not revealed the name of the organism that it uses, although it has acknowledged ... ingredient are firm s fuel recipe , Boston Globe, July 27, 2009 ref In September, 2010, Joule ... earth 14fuel.html? r 1&scp 1&sq joule 20unlimited&st cse Biotech Company to Patent Fuel Secreting Bacterium , New York Times, September 13, 2010 ref Joule was founded by David Berry inventor David Berry and Noubar Afeyan of Flagship Ventures. In addition to its founders, Joule s Board of Directors includes ..., Bill Sims. ref http www.jouleunlimited.com about board ref . Joule s Scientific Advisory Board ... reflist 2 External links http www.jouleunlimited.com Official Web page of Joule Biotechnologies http blogs.wsj.com venturecapital 2009 07 27 joule biotechnologies unveils liquid fuel from solar power ?mod rss WSJBlog Joule Biotechnologies Unveils Liquid Fuel From Solar Power , Wall St. Journal, July 27, 2009 http www.scientificamerican.com blog 60 second science post.cfm?id joule biotechnologies announce new 2009 07 27 Joule Biotechnologies announce new biofuel jargon, scant details , Scientific American, July 27, 2009 http www.forbes.com 2009 07 27 joule biofuel berry technology breakthroughs joule.html A Cagey Bet On Clean Tech , Forbes, July 27, 2009 Patents assigned to Joule Unlimited ... Patent applications Joule Unlimited personnel small http www.patentlens.net patentlens patents.html ... 5991 559 62. Category Alternative energy energy stub eo Joule Unlimited uk ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Joule heating , also known as ohmic heating and resistive heating , is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor material conductor releases heat . It was first studied by James Prescott Joule in 1841. Joule immersed a length of wire in a fixed mass of water and measured the temperature rise due to a known current flowing through the wire ... is known as Joule s first law Joule s First Law . The SI unit of energy was subsequently named the joule and given the symbol J . The commonly known unit of power, the watt , is equivalent to one joule per second. It is now known that Joule heating is caused by interactions between the moving Subatomic ... thermal contact . Joule heating is referred to as ohmic heating or resistive heating because ... at lower currents, thus reducing Joule heating in the wires. Joule heating can be defeated using ... noise . There is an intimate relationship between Johnson Nyquist noise and Joule heating, explained ... formula for Joule heating is math P VI math where P is the electric power power energy ... Electric power transmission In electric power transmission, high voltage is used to reduce Joule heating ..., not for pointlessly heating the power lines. Therefore this Joule heating is referred to as a type ... way to reduce the transmission loss associated with Joule heating of the power lines. This explains ... when the filament is heated by Joule heating, so hot that it glows white with thermal radiation ... work by Joule heating. Soldering iron s and cartridge heater s are very often heated by Joule heating ... changes when the temperature changes. These are sometimes used in conjunction with Joule heating ... heating As a heating technology, joule heating has a coefficient of performance of 1.0, meaning ... considering the losses in the power plant. References reflist See also Joule s laws Electrothermal feedback DEFAULTSORT Joule Heating Category Thermodynamics Category Electricity cs Jouleovo teplo ... more details
Joule s laws are a pair of laws concerning the heat produced by a current and the energy dependence of an ideal gas to that of pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively. They are named after James Prescott Joule . Joule s first law , also known as the Joule effect , is a physical law expressing the relationship between the heat generated by the electric current current flowing through a conductor material conductor . Joule studied this phenomenon in the 1840s. It is expressed as math Q I 2 cdot R cdot t math where math Q math is the heat generated by a constant electric current current math ..., the Units of energy unit of math Q math is the joule . Joule s first law is sometimes called the Joule ... of conductors carrying currents is known as Joule heating . Joule s second law states that the internal ... and electrical potential , Joule s first law and Ohm s law are equivalent and derivable from each ... of energy and electrical potential were well developed. Joule s first law states that the rate ... PA508&dq 22joule 27s law 22 I2R ref math P I 2 cdot R. math Joule arrived at this result ... this formula for current into one or both factors of current in Joule s law, the power dissipated ... I math is actually more generally applicable than either Joule s law or Ohm s law, as it represents ... of energy 22 potential ref In combination with either Ohm s law or Joule s law, it may be used to derive ... of groundwater flow see also Darcy s law an hydraulic equivalent of Joule s law is used ref cite ... Electricity ar bg ca Efecte Joule da Joules love de Joulesches Gesetz et Joule i Lenzi seadus el es Efecto Joule eo ula le o fr Effet Joule gl Efecto Joule it Effetto Joule kk li Wet van Joule mk ml nl Wet van Joule ja pl Prawo Joule a pr d elektryczny pt Lei de Joule ru simple Joule s laws sr ta tr Joule yasas uk wo Njeexitu joule zh ... more details
during ongoing renovations of the building next to the Joule. According to pictures available ... Joule Facade 1.jpg 1530 Main St, Dallas, TX Image Joule Facade 4.jpg 1530 Main St, Dallas, TX Image Joule Facade 6.jpg 1530 Main St, Dallas, TX Image Joule Facade 8.jpg 1530 Main St, Dallas, TX gallery ...?propertyID 3321 The Joule Hotel Official site National Register of Historic Places Category National ... more details
Refimprove date January 2011 File Conventional Joule Thief with red LED.jpg thumb A generic, conventional joule thief, shows parts and how they are wired together. Uses a red LED, typically a white or blue LED is used. A ferrite toroid is wound to form a coil with primary white and feedback green windings. A PN2222A transistor and 1000 ohm resistor are used. Joule thief is a nickname for a wiktionary minimalist minimalist self oscillating Boost converter voltage booster that is small, low cost, and easy to build typically used for driving light loads. It can use nearly all of the energy in a single cell Battery electricity electric battery , even far below the voltage where other circuits consider the battery fully discharged or dead . Hence the name suggests the notion that the circuit is stealing energy or Joule s from the source. The term is a pun on the expression jewel thief , one who steals jewelry or gemstone s. The circuit uses the self oscillating properties of the blocking oscillator , to form an unregulated Boost converter voltage boost converter . As with all power conversion technology, no energy is actually created by the circuit. Instead, the output voltage is increased at the expense of higher current draw on the input. As a result, the amount of power entering the circuit ... converter voltage converter . The Joule Thief circuit is based on the blocking oscillator , which ... joule thief.png 250px thumb Example of a joule thief circuit driving an LED. The coil consists of a standard ... http www.bigclive.com joule.htm Make a joule thief , www.bigclive.com, retrieved 22 December 2010 ref File Joule thief waveform.jpg thumb The waveform of an operating joule thief, showing a 30 duty ... that this will not be noticed. ref name Clive Image Joule Thief shunt regulator.png 250px thumb right ... that at which the Joule Thief will operate. This is achieved by using a JFET , which does not require ... wordpress ?p 342 Joule Thief Simulation Category Electrical power control Category Electronics terms ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Image JouleExpansion.svg thumb 300px The Joule expansion, in which a volume math V 0 math is expanded in a thermally isolated chamber. The Joule expansion is an Irreversible process thermodynamics irreversible process in thermodynamics in which a volume of gas is kept in one side of a thermally isolated container via a small partition , with the other side of the container being evacuated the partition between the two parts of the container is then opened, and the gas fills the whole container. This process is a useful exercise in classical thermodynamics, as it is easy to work out the resulting increase in entropy . Description One mole unit mole of ideal gas at pressure math P i math and temperature math T i math is confined to the left hand side as drawn of a thermally isolated container, and occupies a volume math V 0 math . The right hand side of the container, also containing a volume math V 0 math , is evacuated. The tap solid line between the two halves of the container is then suddenly opened and the gas fills the entire container, of volume math 2V 0 math . We propose that both the previous and new temperature and pressure math T f math , math P f math follow the Ideal Gas Law , so that initially we have math P i V i RT i math and then, when the tap is opened, we have math P f V f RT f math , where math R math is the ideal gas constant . As the system is thermally isolated, it cannot exchange heat with its surroundings. Also, since the system s volume is kept constant, the system does not do work on its surroundings. ref Note that the fact that the gas expands in a vacuum and thus against zero pressure is irrelevant. The work done by the system ... , and hence the change in entropy for the Joule expansion is math Delta S int i f dS int V 0 2V 0 frac ... it ends up in the same final state as in case of Joule expansion. During the reversible adiabatic expansion ... S surroundings Delta S gas R ln 2 math . We might ask what the entropy would be if, once the Joule ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name T logo paradigm Multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm Object oriented programming object oriented , Imperative programming imperative , Functional programming functional , metaprogramming meta year 1980s designer Jonathan A. Rees and br Norman I. Adams developer Jonathan A. Rees and br Norman I. Adams latest release version 3.0 release date 1984 8 1 latest release date typing dynamic typing dynamic , strong typing strong influenced by Scheme programminglanguage Scheme influenced EuLisp JouleprogramminglanguageJoule operating system Cross platform license website file ext The T programminglanguage is a dialect of the Scheme programminglanguage Scheme programminglanguage developed in the early 1980s by Jonathan A. Rees, Kent M. Pitman, and Norman I. Adams of Yale University as an experiment in language design and implementation. T s purpose is to test the thesis developed by Guy L. Steele, Jr. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman Sussman in their series of papers about Scheme that Scheme may be used as the basis for a practical programminglanguage of exceptional expressive power, and that implementations of Scheme could perform better than other Lisp systems, and competitively with implementations of programming languages, such as C programminglanguage C and BLISS programminglanguage BLISS , which are usually considered to be inherently more efficient than Lisp on conventional machine architectures. In 1987 Stephen Slade published the book The T ProgrammingLanguage A Dialect of LISP . T contains some features that modern Scheme does not have. For example, T is object oriented , and it has first class environments, called locales , which can be modified non locally and used as a module system. T has several extra special forms ... ftp papers t manual.pdf T manual PDF from ReadScheme Category Lisp programminglanguage family Category Scheme programminglanguage cs T programovac jazyk ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name A logo File Aplus logo.jpg paradigm array programming array year 1988 designer Arthur Whitney computer scientist Arthur Whitney developer Morgan Stanley latest release version 4.20 2 latest release date November 2006 typing dynamic typing dynamic , strong typing strong implementations A dialects influenced by APL programminglanguage APL influenced K programminglanguage K license GNU General Public License A is an array programminglanguage descendent from the programminglanguage A, which in turn was created to replace APL programminglanguage APL in 1988. ref http www.aplusdev.org About index.html The History of A sup sup at aplusdev.org ref Arthur Whitney computer scientist Arthur Whitney developed the A portion of A , while other developers at Morgan Stanley extended it, adding a graphical user interface and other language features. A was designed for numerically intensive applications, especially those found in financial applications. A runs on many Unix variants, including Linux . A is a high level, interactive, interpreted language . A provides an extended set of functions and operators, a graphical user interface with automatic synchronization of widgets and variables, asynchronous execution of functions associated with variables and events ... Arthur Whitney went on to create the K programminglanguage K language , a proprietary array language. Like J programminglanguage J , K omits the APL character set. It does not have some of the perceived ... The A programminglanguage, a different APL journal APL 90 Conference proceedings on APL 90 for the future ... A Development.org A is freely available under the GNU General Public License Category APL programminglanguage family Category Array programming languages Category Data centric programming languages ... has not yet been ported to all supported platforms. The A language implements the following changes to the APL language an A function may have up to nine formal parameters A code statements are separated ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 Programminglanguage lists A programminglanguage is an artificial language ... , use alternative forms of description. The description of a programminglanguage is usually ... document for example, the C programminglanguage C programminglanguage is specified ... 5 and earlier, have a dominant Programminglanguage implementation implementation that is used as a reference implementation reference . TOC limit 4 Definitions A programminglanguage is a notation ... restrict the term programminglanguage to those languages that can express all possible algorithms. ref name Aaby 2004 ref In mathematical terms, this means the programminglanguage is Turing ... important for what constitutes a programminglanguage include Function and target A computer programminglanguage is a language ref name Fischer Steven R. Fischer, A history of language , Reaktion ... program to control a computer printer or display. More generally, a programminglanguage may describe ... for a programminglanguage includes a description, possibly idealized, of a machine or processor for that language. ref name nara2 R. Narasimahan, Programming Languages and Computers A Unified ... Press, 1994, ISBN 012012108, p.193 a complete specification of a programminglanguage must, by definition ... cites many references to support this statement ref In most practical contexts, a programminglanguage ... necessity that a programminglanguage support adequate abstractions is expressed by the abstraction ... the same set of algorithm s. SQL ANSI ISO SQL and Charity programminglanguage Charity are examples ... year 1996 accessdate 29 June 2006 , Charity is a categorical programminglanguage... , All Charity ... XML in 10 points W3C , 1999, XML is not a programminglanguage. ref ref cite book last Powell ... 942 X page 25 quote HTML is not a programminglanguage. ref ref cite book last1 Dykes first1 Lucinda ... 1 page 20 quote ...it s a markup language, not a programminglanguage. ref Programming languages ... more details
infobox programminglanguage name S logo paradigm multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm imperative programming imperative , object oriented programming object oriented year 1976 designer developer Rick Becker, Allan Wilks, John Chambers programmer John Chambers latest release version latest release date typing type system dynamic , strong typing strong implementations R programminglanguage R , S PLUS dialects influenced by C programminglanguage C , APL, PPL, Scheme influenced operating ... stat.bell labs.com S stat.bell labs.com S S is a statistical programminglanguage developed primarily ... Labs Bell Laboratories . The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully. The two modern implementations of S are R programminglanguage ... used in statistical computing, and is consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time namely the C programminglanguage C programminglanguage . When UNIX ... of the language. The New S Language ref cite book last Becker first R.A. authorlink coauthors Chambers, J.M., and Wilks, A.R. title The New S Language A Programming Environment for Data ... of double precision only arithmetic. The New S language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S plus S PLUS and R programminglanguage R . In 1991, Statistical Models in S ref cite .... See also R programminglanguage S PLUS References reflist External links http cm.bell labs.com stat ... in the Evolution of S , by John M. Chambers DEFAULTSORT S ProgrammingLanguage Category Statistical programming languages de S Statistiksprache fr S langage de programmation ko S ja S ru ... and generic S are listed among the 100 most popular programming languages. History Old S S is one ... . Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of objects , and to make the syntax ... stat doc 96.7.ps Evolution of the S Language , by John M. Chambers, discusses the new features in Version ... more details
s heat apparatus.JPG thumb right Joule s Heat Apparatus, 1845 Joule here adopts the language of vis ... Joule image Joule James sitting.jpg image size 200px caption James Joule Physicist birth date ... James Prescott Joule Fellow of the Royal Society FRS IPAc en icon d u l ref OED Although some ... o l , it is almost certain that J. P. Joule and at least some of his relatives used IPA d u l . The Joule ... Salford , Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat , and discovered its relationship to mechanical ... of the first law of thermodynamics . The SI derived unit of energy, the joule , is named after ... current current through resistor resistance and the heat dissipated, now called Joule s law . Early years File PSM V05 D008 James Prescott Joule.jpg thumb left 1892 illustration of Joule The son of Benjamin Joule 1784 1858 , a wealthy brewer, and Alice Prescott Joule, James Prescott Joule was born in the house adjoining the Joule Brewery in New Bailey Street, Salford 24 December 1818. ref name Cassidy ... William Henry and Manchester engineers Peter Ewart and Eaton Hodgkinson . Joule was subsequently tutored ... Joule became a manager of the brewery ref http www.joulesbrewery.co.uk brewery joules story.php ref ... . He formulated Joule s laws in 1840 ref Joule, J.P. 1841 On the heat evolved by metallic conductors .... When Sturgeon moved to Manchester in 1840, Joule and he became the nucleus of a circle of the city .... Joule went on to lecture at Sturgeon s Royal Victoria Gallery of Practical Science . ref ... electricity battery . ref Smith 1998 p. 60 ref Joule s common standard of economical duty was the ability ... ref Joule s unit of the foot pound corresponds to a modern measure of energy. The energy required to raise a mass, m , through a height h is mgh , where g is the standard gravity . Joule s unit is dimensionally ... in terms of the eponymous joule 1 foot pound 1.356 J. ref Joule was influenced by the thinking ..., Joule s interest diverted from the narrow financial question to that of how much work could be extracted ... more details
The Gough Joule effect aka Gow Joule effect is the tendency of elastomer s to contract when heated if they are under Tension physics tension . Elastomers that are not under tension do not see this effect. The effect is important in O ring seal design, where the seals can be mounted in a peripherally compressed state in hot applications to prolong life. ref name Practical Seal Design cite book last Martini first Leonard J. authorlink coauthors year 1984 title Practical Seal Design, P.233 publisher CRC location id ISBN 978 0824771669 ref The effect is relevant to rotary seals which can bind if the seal shrinks due to overheating. References references External links http www.pspglobal.com gland.html O ring Gland design notes, PSP Inc. http www.pslc.ws macrog demos solar.htm A solar power science project using the Gow Joule effect cite web url http ammtiac.alionscience.com pdf 2004MaterialEASE26.pdf title Material Ease Elastomeric Seals 101 A Brief Tutorial publisher The AMPTIAC Quarterly, Volume 8, Number 2 accessdate 2011 04 07 cite web url http www.rlhudson.com O Ring 20Book selecting thermal5.html title O Ring Design & Materials Guide Gough Joule Effect publisher R.L. Hudson & Company accessdate 2011 04 07 condensedmatter stub Category Elastomers Category Condensed matter physics de Gough Joule Effekt pt Efeito Gough Joule ... more details
computing . In thermodynamics , the Joule Thomson effect or Joule Kelvin effect or Kelvin Joule effect ... 855 5 ref This procedure is called a throttling process or Joule Thomson process . ref cite book ... temperature, all gases except hydrogen , helium and neon cool upon expansion by the Joule Thomson process ... 1971 isbn 0 201 00912 9 ref The effect is named for James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who discovered it in 1852 following earlier work by Joule on Joule expansion , in which a gas ..., is called the Joule Thomson process. During this process, enthalpy remains unchanged see a Proof that enthalpy remains constant in a Joule Thomson process proof below . A throttling process proceeds ... energy temperature . Below the Joule Thomson inversion temperature, the former effect work done ... Joule Thomson expansion causes a temperature increase. The Joule Thomson Kelvin coefficient Image Joule Thomson curves 2.svg thumb 400px Joule Thomson coefficients for various gases at atmospheric pressure. The rate of change of temperature math T math with respect to pressure math P math in a Joule Thomson process that is, at constant enthalpy math H math is the Joule Thomson Kelvin coefficient ... title Joule Expansion author W.R. Salzman publisher Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona ... T 1 right , math See the Derivation of the Joule Thomson Kelvin coefficient Derivation of the Joule ... the value of math mu mathrm JT math changes sign. The temperature of this point, the Joule Thomson ..., the following table explains when the Joule Thomson effect cools or warms a real gas class wikitable ... are two gases whose Joule Thomson inversion temperatures at a pressure of one atmosphere unit atmosphere ... these gases can be cooled from room temperature by the Joule Thomson effect. ref name Perry For an ideal ... expanded at constant enthalpy. Applications In practice, the Joule Thomson effect is achieved by allowing ... for the production of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and argon . Only when the Joule Thomson coefficient ... more details
, and the F type concept car. The Joule shows the same flowing lines as his previous designs ... is a major shareholder, with 22 of equity in Optimal Energy ref http www.carmag.co.za article a joule of a plan 2010 04 06 ref . Class The Joule is classed as a five seat passenger car. Specifications ... content news singlepage.asp?in 9332 Cartoday.com Sep 2008 Joule powers SA to Paris show http www.engineeringnews.co.za ... Oct 2008 South African Electric Car the Crown Joule of Paris Auto Show External links http www.optimalenergy.co.za ... company stub de Optimal Energy Optimal Energy Joule ... more details
The joule per mole symbol J mol sup 1 sup is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joule s, and the amount of material is measured in mole unit moles . Physical quantities measured in J mol sup 1 sup usually describe quantities of energy transferred during Phase transition phase transformations or Chemical reaction chemical reactions . Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the possibly arbitrary definition of a mole for a particular process. For convenience and due to the range of magnitudes involved, these quantities are almost always reported in kJ mol sup 1 sup rather than in J mol sup 1 sup . For example, heats of fusion and vaporization are usually of the order of 10 kJ mol sup 1 sup , bond energies are of the order of 100 kJ mol sup 1 sup , and ionization energies of the order of 1000 kJ mol sup 1 sup . 1 kJ mol sup 1 sup is equal to 0.239 Kilocalorie per mole kcal mol sup 1 sup or 1.04× 10 sup 2 sup Electronvolt eV per particle. At room temperature 25 Celsius C , 77 Fahrenheit F , or 298.15 Kelvin K 1 kJ mol sup 1 sup is equal to 0.4034 kT energy math k B T math . References reflist Unreferenced date December 2009 DEFAULTSORT Joule Per Mole Category SI derived units measurement stub af Kilojoule per mol ar an Kilojoule por mol ast Quiloxuliu por mol ca Quilojoule per mol da Joule per mol es Kilojulio por mol eu Joule moleko fa fr Joule par mole it Joule per mole hu Joule per m l pl Kilod ule na mol pt Quilojoule por mol simple Kilojoule per mole sl D ul na mol sr sh Kilod ul po molu th ur zh ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy is a form of scanning probe microscopy heavily based on atomic force microscopy that maps the temperature distribution along a surface. Resolutions ... SJEM schematic.png thumb 400 px right Simplified schematic of Scanning Joule expansion microscope. Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy SJEM is based on the contact operation model of Atomic Force Microscopy ... of the sample. AC or pulsed electrical signal is applied to the sample creating Joule heating and resulting in periodic thermal expansion. ref name Varesi J. Varesi, A. Majumdar, Scanning Joule Expansion ... Distributions Measured by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy, Journal of Heat Transfer , 120 ... expansion caused by Joule heating. Since AFM has feedback controller with a bandwidth, for example .... Joule heating frequency is kept well above 20 kHz to avoid feedback response and to separate ..., and A.D. Wieck, Study of the hot spot of an in plane gate transistor by scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy, Journal of Applied Physics , 84, 6917 1998 ref A lock in amplifier is specially tuned to the Joule ... to achieve resolution around 25 nm. ref name Majumdar Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy ... Joule Expansion Microscopy has been used to measure the local heat dissipation of an in plane gate IPG ... and Implementation of Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy . MS thesis, 1997 ref Pressure waves When the sample heats and contracts due to rapid Joule heating from an applied AC power source, pressure ... interaction When a bias is applied to the sample for Joule heating, there is also an electrostatic ... goal of SJEM. The substrate expands when Joule heated, resulting in change in the measured profile ... vias studied by scanning Joule expansion microscopy, IEEE Electron Device Lett. , 21, 224 2000 ... Conductivity of Thin Metallic Films Investigated by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy , Journal of heat ... Reflist DEFAULTSORT Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy Category Scanning probe microscopy ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
