G, Radu A title Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers alpha 1 or alpha ... A title Previously identified protein of uncertain function is karyopherin alpha and together with karyopherin ... pmc 2229944 doi cite journal author Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin ... more details
of the alpha importin family of karyopherin s such as importin subunit alpha 2. These include the African ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene KPNA2 karyopherin alpha 2 RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1 url http ... Karyopherin alpha 2 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with SGK , ref name ... Maria, Van De Ven Wim J M, Voz Marianne L year 2002 month May. title Identification of a karyopherin ... with karyopherin alpha Rch1alpha journal Int. Immunol. volume 13 issue 10 pages 1265 74 publisher location ... 95 90097 7 cite journal author Moroianu J, Hijikata M, Blobel G, Radu A title Mammalian karyopherin ... C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import ... more details
Importin alpha , or karyopherin alpha proteins are involved in the import of proteins into the cell nucleus . They are a sub family of karyopherin proteins. ref cite journal last K hler first M authorlink coauthors Speck C, Christiansen M, Bischoff F R, Prehn S, Haller H, G rlich D, Hartmann E year 1999 month Nov. title Evidence for distinct substrate specificities of importin alpha family members in nuclear protein import journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume 19 issue 11 pages 7782 91 publisher location UNITED STATES issn 0270 7306 pmid 10523667 pmc 84838 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references Membrane transport proteins Category Transport proteins protein stub ... more details
Chook YM, Blobel G title Structure of the nuclear transport complex karyopherin beta2 Ran x GppNHp ... ref ref name pmid12384575 cite journal author Shamsher MK, Ploski J, Radu A title Karyopherin beta ... Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear ... is mediated by a novel cellular cofactor related to karyopherin beta journal J. Cell. Sci. volume ... karyopherin pathway journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 94 issue 18 pages 9825 30 year ... more details
nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin Nup153 journal PNAS ... first N authorlink coauthors Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G year 1997 month May. title Karyopherin beta2 ... Nup98 is a site for GDP GTP exchange on ran and termination of karyopherin beta 2 mediated ... author Yaseen NR, Blobel G title Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3. journal ... pmc 20743 cite journal author Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G title Karyopherin ... title The nucleoporin Nup98 is a site for GDP GTP exchange on ran and termination of karyopherin beta ... more details
. Each of these subunits are part of the karyopherin family of proteins. Importin alpha binds .... ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene KPNB1 karyopherin importin beta 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin Nup153 journal ... Bonifaci first N authorlink coauthors Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G year 1997 month May. title Karyopherin ... pmc 24630 ref Karyopherin alpha 1 , ref name pmid10523667 cite journal last K hler first M ... laydate quote doi 10.1073 pnas.95.2.582 pmc 18463 ref Karyopherin alpha 2 , ref name pmid11283257 ... beta karyopherin, linking the docking and translocation steps of nuclear import journal J. Biol. Chem ... Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A title Nuclear protein import Ran GTP dissociates the karyopherin alphabeta ... Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G title Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA ... more details
Z, Chook YM title Rules for nuclear localisation sequence recognition by karyopherin beta 2 journal ... to Importin 2 also known as transportin or karyopherin 2 , which then translocates the cargo protein ... analysis of the specific yet versatile recognition of distinct nuclear localisation signals by karyopherin ... import factor karyopherin alpha journal Cell journal Cell volume 94 issue 2 pages 193 .... A protein translated with a NLS will bind strongly to importin aka karyopherin , and together, the complex ... more details
suggests that karyopherin alpha 3 may be involved in the nuclear transport system. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene KPNA3 karyopherin alpha 3 importin alpha 4 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import ... 1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin karyopherin pathway ... more details
Transcription Factors Are Imported into the Nucleus by Karyopherin 13 journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume ... Type Homeodomain Transcription Factors Are Imported into the Nucleus by Karyopherin 13 journal ... S, et al. title A novel karyopherin beta homolog is developmentally and hormonally regulated in fetal ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 A membrane transport protein or simply transporter is a membrane protein ref MeshName Membrane transport proteins ref involved in the movement of ion s, small molecule s, or macromolecule s, such as another protein across a biological membrane . Transport proteins are integral membrane protein s that is they exist within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport . These mechanisms of action are known as carrier mediated transport . ref http www.answers.com topic carrier mediated transport Carrier mediated transport , Answers.com ref Types Image Scheme facilitated diffusion in cell membrane en.svg right thumb 400px Facilitated diffusion Grouped by Transporter Classification database categories 1 Channels Pores Facilitated diffusion 2 Electrochemical Potential driven transporters Mitochondrial membrane transport protein Glucose transporter Neurotransmitter transporter s Glutamate transporter Glutamate aspartate transporter s GABA transporter s Glycine transporter s Monoamine transporter s, including Dopamine transporter DAT Norepinephrine transporter NET Serotonin transporter SERT Vesicular monoamine transporter s VMAT Equilibrative nucleoside transporter Adenosine transporter s Vesicular acetylcholine transporter VAChT 3 Primary Active Transporters ATP binding cassette transporter genes P glycoprotein CD98 V ATPase Ion transporter s Na K ATPase Plasma membrane Ca2 ATPase Plasma membrane Ca sup 2 sup ATPase Proton pump Hydrogen potassium ATPase Sodium chloride symporter 4 Co transporters Symporters transport two or more ions together in the same direction, antiporter s in the opposite direction. 5 Incompletely Characterized Transport Systems 9.A.50 Karyopherin Ungrouped CD36 See also Carrier protein Co transport Cotransport Cotransporter Ion channel P loop Solute carrier family classification TC number classification Vesic ... more details
RanGAP is a protein involved in the transport of other proteins from the cytosol to the Cell nucleus nucleus in eukaryotic cells. In model species such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the primate Homo sapiens See RANGAP1 and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana it acts as a GTPase activating protein , catalysing the conversion of RanGTP to RanGDP . That is, it converts the guanosine diphosphate GDP to guanosine triphosphate GTP bound to the protein Ran biology Ran in the cytosol. It has the opposite function of the RCC1 , a nuclear located protein that converts RanGDP to RanGTP. Together, RanGAP and RCC1 maintain what is known as the ran gradient , where RanGDP is in higher concentrations in the cytosol, while RanGTP is in higher concentrations in the nucleus. It is this ran gradient which provides the energy necessary for the transport of proteins into and out of the nucleus by karyopherin proteins. Location in cell In mammalian and plant cells, RanGAP is located at the nuclear envelope during interphase . The animals RanGAP is bound to the nuclear pore component Nup358 . ref cite journal author Matunis MJ, Wu J, Blobel G title SUMO 1 modification and its role in targeting the Ran GTPase activating protein, RanGAP1, to the nuclear pore complex journal The Journal of Cell Biology volume 140 issue 3 pages 499 509 year 1998 month February pmid 9456312 pmc 2140169 doi url http www.jcb.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9456312 ref Plant RanGAP proteins do not contain the protein domain necessary for association with Nup358 but are targeted to the nuclear rim by the plant specific WPP domain . ref cite journal author Rose A, Meier I title A domain unique to plant RanGAP is responsible for its targeting to the plant nuclear rim journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America volume 98 issue 26 pages 15377 82 year 2001 month December pmid 11752475 pmc 65037 doi 10.1073 pnas.261459698 url http www.pnas.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&p ... more details
PBB geneid 57510 Exportin 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XPO5 gene . ref name pmid11777942 cite journal author Brownawell AM, Macara IG title Exportin 5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded RNA binding proteins journal J Cell Biol volume 156 issue 1 pages 53 64 year 2002 month Jan pmid 11777942 pmc 2173575 doi 10.1083 jcb.200110082 ref ref name pmid12426392 cite journal author Bohnsack MT, Regener K, Schwappach B, Saffrich R, Paraskeva E, Hartmann E, Gorlich D title Exp5 exports eEF1A via tRNA from nuclei and synergizes with other transport pathways to confine translation to the cytoplasm journal EMBO J volume 21 issue 22 pages 6205 15 year 2002 month Nov pmid 12426392 pmc 137205 doi 10.1093 emboj cdf613 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene XPO5 exportin 5 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 57510 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Exportin 5 belongs to a large family of karyopherins see MIM 602738 that mediate the transport of proteins and other cargo between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. supplied by OMIM ref name entrez Interactions XPO5 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with ILF3 ref name pmid11777942 cite journal last Brownawell first Amy M authorlink coauthors Macara Ian G year 2002 month Jan. title Exportin 5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded RNA binding proteins journal J. Cell Biol. volume 156 issue 1 pages 53 64 publisher location United States issn 0021 9525 pmid 11777942 doi 10.1083 jcb.200110082 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote pmc 2173575 ref and Ran biology . ref name pmid11777942 References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, ... more details
P title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import journal ... cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin karyopherin pathway journal Proc. Natl ... more details
C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import ... HIV 1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin karyopherin ... more details
karyopherin beta3. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 94 issue 9 pages 4451 6 year 1997 ... RanGTP mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin ..., a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded RNA binding proteins. journal J. Cell ... more details
of human karyopherin 3 journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 94 issue 9 pages 4451 6 ... J, Radu A, Blobel G title Karyopherin 2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein journal ... more details
PBB geneid 10124 ADP ribosylation factor like protein 4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL4A gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ARL4A ADP ribosylation factor like 4A url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 10124 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text ADP ribosylation factor like 4A is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of GTP binding proteins. ARL4A is similar to ARL4C and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guaninine nucleotide exchange rate. ARL4A is located in both the nuclear and extranuclear cell compartments. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. ref name entrez Interactions ARL4A has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Karyopherin alpha 2 . ref name pmid10980193 cite journal last Lin first C Y authorlink coauthors Huang P H, Liao W L, Cheng H J, Huang C F, Kuo J C, Patton W A, Massenburg D, Moss J, Lee F J year 2000 month December title ARL4, an ARF like protein that is developmentally regulated and localized to nuclei and nucleoli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 275 issue 48 pages 37815 23 publisher location UNITED STATES issn 0021 9258 pmid 10980193 doi 10.1074 jbc.M002470200 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Guti rrez Espeleta GA, et al. title Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening. journal Genomics volume 23 issue 1 pages 42 50 year 1995 pmid 7829101 doi 10.1006 geno.1994.1457 cite journal author Jacobs S, Schilf C, Fliegert F, et al. title ADP ribosylation factor ARF like 4, 6 ... more details
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