related other Turkic peoples The Kazakhs also spelled Kazaks , Qazaqs lang kk IPA all q z qt ... on paksoy ozkaz.html Z. V. Togan The Origins of the Kazaks and the Ozbeks , Central Asian Survey ... more details
File Tarimrivermap.png thumb Map of the Tarim basin and Taklamakan Desert . File Bm taklamakan.jpg thumb Satellite image of the Taklamakan Desert . The Tarim mummies are a series of mummies discovered in the Tarim Basin in present day Xinjiang , China , which date from 1900 BC to 200 AD. ref cite news first Nicholas last Wade title A Host of Mummies, a Forest of Secrets url http www.nytimes.com 2010 03 16 science 16archeo.html?pagewanted 1 publisher The New York Times date 2010 03 15 accessdate 2011 06 09 ref Some of the mummies are frequently associated with the presence of the Indo European languages Indo European Tocharian languages in the Tarim Basin , ref Baumer 2000 , p. 28. ref although the evidence is not totally conclusive. Research into the subject has attracted controversy, due to ethnic tensions in modern day Xinjiang. There have been concerns whether DNA results could affect claims by Uyghur peoples of being indigenous to the region. In comparing the DNA of the mummies to that of modern day Uyghur people Uyghur peoples, Victor H. Mair s team found some genetic similarities with the mummies, but no direct links, stating that modern DNA and ancient DNA show that Uighurs, Kazaks , Kyrgyzs , the peoples of Central Asia are all mixed Caucasian race Caucasian and East Asian... the modern and ancient DNA tell the same story. He concludes that the mummies are basically Caucasoid , likely speakers of an Indo European languages Indo European language that East Asian peoples began showing up in the eastern portions of the Tarim Basin about 3,000 years ago... while the Uyghur people Uighur peoples arrived after the collapse of the Orkon Uighur Kingdom, largely based in modern day Mongolia, around the year 842. ref name Celtic Archeological record file AurelSteinWithDog.jpg thumb Sir Aurel Stein in the Tarim Basin, 1910. At the beginning of the 20th century European explorers such as Sven Hedin , Albert von Le Coq and Sir Aurel Stein all recounted their discoveries ... more details
Decolonization American and British English spelling differences ise.2C ize .28 isation.2C ization.29 alternative spelling decolonisation refers to the undoing of colonialism , the unequal relation of Polity polities whereby one people or nation establishes and maintains dependent Territory country subdivision Territory courial governments over another. It can be understood politically attaining independence , autonomous home rule, union with the metropole or another state or culturally removal of pernicious colonial effects. The term refers particularly to the dismantlement, in the years after World War II , of the New Imperialism Neo Imperial empires established prior to World War I throughout Scramble for Africa Africa and Imperialism in Asia Asia . Citation needed date August 2010 The United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization has stated that in the process of decolonization there is no alternative to the colonizer s allowance of self determination , Citation needed date August 2010 but in practice decolonization may involve either nonviolent revolution or national liberation wars by the native population. It may be intramural or involve the intervention of foreign powers acting individually or through international bodies such as the United Nations . Although examples of decolonization can be found as early as the writings of Thucydides , there have been several particularly active periods of decolonization in modern times. These are the Spanish American wars of independence breakup of the Spanish Empire in the 19th century of the German Empire German , Austria Hungary Austro Hungarian , Ottoman Empire Ottoman , and Russian Empire s following World War I of the British Empire British , French colonial empire French , Dutch, and Italian colonial empire s following World War II of the Russian Empire Soviet Union successor union following the Cold War and others. Methods and stages Decolonization is a political process, frequently involving violence. In ex ... more details
The threat of terrorism in Kazakhstan plays an increasingly important role in Kazakhstan s relations with the United States which in 2006 were at an all time high. ref name GOODRELATIONS http georgewbush whitehouse.archives.gov news releases 2006 09 20060929 1.html Joint Statement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Kazakhstan The White House ref Kazakhstan has taken Uzbekistan s place as the favored partner in Central Asia for both Russia and the United States. ref name FAVORITE http www.rferl.org featuresarticle 2006 09 23b8c124 00f0 4ee5 b694 bcfb2772a5e9.html Five Years After 9 11 Crackdowns loom behind Central Asia s War On Terror RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty ref ref name RUSSIALIKE http www.rferl.org featuresarticle 2006 04 aa651cf6 07c8 455b 8d88 9d3aca3d960a.html Kazakhstan President looks to build on alliance with Putin RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty ref ref name ORDWAY http www.signonsandiego.com news world 20061221 9999 1n21kazak.html U.S. envoy touts Kazakhstan s post Soviet advances SignOnSanDiego ref No terrorist attack has ever been carried out successfully in Kazakhstan, though Kazakh officials say they have uncovered and prevented attacks. ref name THREATS http uyghuramerican.org articles 465 1 ChinaKazakhstan Forces Hold First Ever Joint Terrorism Exercises ChinaKazakhstan Forces Hold First Ever Joint Terrorism Exercises.html China Kazakhstan Forces Hold First Ever Joint Terrorism Exercises Uyghur American Association ref Banned terrorist organizations terrorism On 12 October 2006 the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan Supreme Court approved a revised list of banned terrorist organizations and the Prosecutor General released the list. The terrorist organizations the government has banned are the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan , Hizb ut Tahrir al Islami , Jamaat of Central Asian Mujahedins , Islamic Party of Eastern Turkestan , Kurdistan Workers Party , Boz Kurt , Lashkar e Toiba , Social Reforms Society in Kuwait , Asbat ... more details
pp move indef Infobox country native name O zbekiston Respublikasi br br conventional long name Republic of Uzbekistan common name Uzbekistan image flag Flag of Uzbekistan.svg image coat Coat of Arms of Uzbekistan.svg symbol type Emblem image map .svg national anthem National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan br O zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi official languages Uzbek language Uzbek regional languages Karakalpak language Karakalpak languages type Language for inter ethnic br communication languages Russian language Russian minority languages Russian capital Tashkent latd 41 latm 16 latNS N longd 69 longm 13 longEW E largest city Tashkent ethnic groups 80.0 Uzbeks Uzbek br 5.5 Russians Russian br 5.0 5.5 Official Uzbek Statistics br 30 Foltz, Cordell, Jonson Tajik people Tajik ref name cornellcaspian.com ref name Foltz ref name Karl Cordell 1999. pg 201 ref name Lena Jonson 2006. pg 108 br 3.0 Kazakhs Kazakh br 2.5 Karakalpaks Karakalpak br 1.5 Tatars Tatar br 2.5 Others ref name cia1 cite web url https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook geos uz.html title CIA The World Factbook publisher Cia.gov accessdate January 28, 2011 ref ethnic groups year 1996 demonym Uzbek government type Presidential system Presidential Republic leader title1 President of Uzbekistan President leader name1 Islam Karimov leader title2 Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Prime Minister leader name2 Shavkat Mirziyoyev legislature Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan Supreme Assembly upper house Senate of Uzbekistan Senate lower house Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan Legislative Chamber sovereignty type History of Uzbekistan Independence sovereignty note from the Soviet Union established event1 Formation established date1 1747 smallsup 1 established event2 Uzbek SSR established date2 October 27, 1924 established event3 Declared established date3 September 1, 1991 established event4 Recognized established date4 December 8, 19 ... more details
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