about rural dialect outside Delhi the standard dialect Hindi Urdu Infobox language name Khariboli nativename ... IPA Khariboli lang ur Nastaliq , Devanagari lang sa IAST kha bol lit. standing ... of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ... ref Khariboli is widely accepted ... book result&resnum 1&ct result, The Indo Aryan languages , Colin P. Masica ref Khariboli is believed ... in the western parts of the Khari speaking zone. Although Khariboli and Standard Hindi Urdu differ dialectically, Standard Hindi Urdu is sometimes also referred to as Khariboli and regarded as the literary ... ... ref Geographical Distribution Khariboli is spoken in the rural surroundings of Delhi and northwestern ... district Sonepat Gurgaon district Gurgaon Palwal district Palwal Some characteristics of Khariboli ... gemination and shortened vowel, chaadar sheet in standard Hindi Urdu . Khariboli in Hindi Urdu popular culture Khariboli is often seen as rustic by speakers of Standard Hindi Urdu, and elements ... Uttar Pradesh and the areas surrounding Delhi, Khariboli and Braj Bhasha are often compared. One hypothesis of how Khariboli came to be described as khari standing asserts that it refers to the stiff ... returned the compliment Braj Bhasha was called pari boli ie supine ... ref On the other hand, Khariboli ... most linguists acknowledge that Modern Standard Hindi Urdu descended from Khariboli, the precise ... parts of Western Uttar Pradesh , he advocated that the former retain the name Khariboli while the latter ... the term Khariboli continues to be applied as it traditionally was, some linguists have accepted ... entirely be abandoned. ref name ref30bomoy Other dialects of Hindi Urdu Khariboli is related to four .... Rise as a literary and official language The earliest examples of Khariboli can be seen ... thus produced were in the literary form of the Khariboli dialect. These books included Premsagar ... forms of Khariboli can also be seen in some mediocre literature produced in early 18th century. Examples ... more details
refimprove date January 2008 Sadhukaddi , a popular language of medieval India , is a vernacular dialect of Hindi Hindustani language Hindustani which is a mix of Hindi Khariboli , Braj Bhasha , Awadhi , Bhojpuri and Rajasthani language Rajasthani , hence it is also commonly called a Panchmail Khichadi . ref Hindi Literature ref It is common variant of Hindi and finds place in the literature of mediaeval poets in Hindi Literature like Kabir . See also Kabir References reflist Indo Iranian languages Category Hindi languages Category Languages of Uttar Pradesh Category Dialects of Hindi ... more details
Infobox language name Shauraseni region India extinct ca. 5th c. BCE familycolor Indo European fam2 Indo Iranian languages Indo Iranian fam3 Indo Aryan languages Indo Aryan iso3 psu A Dramatic Prakrit , Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in northern Middle kingdoms of India medieval India . Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries AD, though it was probably a spoken colloquial around the 5th century BC. Its descendants include the varieties of Hindi , the Central Zone of modern Indic or Hindi languages , the standard registers of Hindi Urdu based on the Khariboli dialect, and the Punjabi language . ref http linguistlist.org forms langs LLDescription.cfm?code psu ref The Jain acharya s belonging to the Digambara sect wrote in Sauraseni. Shatkandaagama and Ksyaayapahud are two of the major Jain epics in Sauraseni. Citation needed date December 2010 See also Apabhra a Prakrit References references External links http linguistlist.org forms langs LLDescription.cfm?code psu A brief description of the language Indo Iranian languages Category Indo Aryan languages Category Medieval languages ie lang stub ca Sauraseni no Sauraseni ru ... more details
Infobox language name Rekhta familycolor Indo European region South Asia fam2 Indo Iranian languages Indo Iranian fam3 Indo Aryan languages Indo Aryan fam4 List of Indo Aryan languages Central zone fam5 Hindi languages Western Hindi fam6 Khariboli script Nasta l q script Nasta l q linglist hin rek notice Indic Rekhta lang ur , lang hi rekht , lang fa poured or molded , symbolizing the mixture of Hindi Urdu, Persian, and Arabic was the Persianized form of the Khariboli dialect of Hindi languages Hindi now known by the names Hindustani , Hindi , and Urdu , although Rekhta is now almost synonymous with Urdu, as its poetry is still used and made today by Urdu speakers. ref http www.lmp.ucla.edu Profile.aspx?LangID 101&menu 004 UCLA Language Materials Project Urdu ref From the late 17th century till the closing decades of the 18th century, the term was used for the Hindustani language . It was largely supplanted by the name Hindwi Hindavi and later Hindustani and Urdu, though it continued to be used sporadically until the late 19th century. ref http islamicindia.blogspot.com 2005 11 origin and growth of urdu language.html The Origin and Growth of Urdu Language ref The following popular Sher poem sher by Mirza Galib also tells us that the linguistic term rekhta was extended in 19th century North India to poetry written in the rekhta vernacular as opposed to poetry written in Persian, then considered the classical language Rekhte ke tum hi ustaad nahin ho Gaalib , Kehte hain agle zamane mein koi Meer bhi tha Rekhta was also used for forms of poetry like Masnavi , Marsia , Qaseedah , Thumri , Jikri Zikri , Song Geet , Chaupai and Kabit. The grammatically feminine counterpart of rekhta is rekhti , a term first popularized by the eighteenth century poet Sa adat Yar Khan Rangin to designate verses written in the colloquial speech of women. The Lucknow poet Insha Allah Khan Insha was a ... more details
Other places3 Nawabganj disambiguation Unreferenced stub date September 2010 See Wikipedia WikiProject Indian cities for details Infobox Indian Jurisdiction native name Nawabganj type town latd 28.540 longd 79.633 locator position right state name Uttar Pradesh district Bareilly district Bareilly leader title leader name altitude 393 population as of 2001 population total 30601 population density area magnitude sq. km area total area telephone postal code vehicle code range ua 25 sex ratio unlocode website footnotes Nawabganj is a city and a municipal board in Bareilly district in the India n States and territories of India state of Uttar Pradesh . There are forests nearby. The population of town is 30,000. Demographics Nawabganj is situated on National Highway 74 between the cities of Bareilly and Pilibhit . The nearest railway station is Bijauria. The literacy rate is 63 . Male literacy is 72 and female literacy is 54 . Citation needed date September 2010 The languages spoken are Hindi, Urdu , Punjabi language Punjabi and English. Khariboli is also spoken. Hindus and Muslims live there. Sugarcane,Paddy and wheat are the main crops. Tourism Nearby points of interest include Bareilly 32 km Nainital 142 km Pilibhit 21 km Dudhwa National Park 120 km References Reflist Bareilly district Historical regions of Rohilkhand Category Cities and towns in Bareilly district Bareilly geo stub ca Nawabganj Bareilly it Nawabganj Bareilly pl Nawabganj dystrykt Bareli ... more details
Disputed date August 2011 The Persian language influenced the formation of many modern languages of the Greater Middle East , Central Asia , and South Asia n regions, including Urdu . ref http www.ethnologue.com 15 show family.asp?subid 90019 ref Following the Turko Persian Mahmud of Ghazni Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia , the speech based in Khariboli and other dialects of the Indian subcontinent received a massive influx of Persian language Persian , Turkish language Turkish and Arabic language Arabic vocabulary, as well as a limited number of grammatical patterns from these languages. This hybrid was called Zaban e Ordu language of the army to distinguish it from Farsi , the court language, and was later shortened to just Urdu . It grew from the interaction of Persian language Persian and Turkic Languages Turkic speaking Muslim soldiers and the native peoples. ref Hindi by Yamuna Kachru http books.google.co.uk books?id ooH5VfLTQEQC&pg PA2&lpg PA2&dq urdu heavy persian&source bl&ots dG3qgmaV95&sig WivP7AW9eRlTcp4oscBoHCBFEE0&hl en&ei 9sp8SqzpLI6y AaM5vxG&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 9 v onepage&q urdu 20heavy 20persian&f false ref Under Persian influence from the state, the Persian script and Nasta liq form of cursive writing was adopted, with additional figures added to accommodate the Indo Aryan languages Indo Aryan phonetic system. Urdu is morpho syntax grammatically an Indo Aryan language, written in the Perso Arabic script , and contains literary conventions and specialized vocabulary largely from Persian. ref Hindi By Yamuna Kachru http books.google.co.uk books?id ooH5VfLTQEQC&pg PA2&lpg PA2&dq urdu heavy persian&source bl&ots dG3qgmaV95&sig WivP7AW9eRlTcp4oscBoHCBFEE0&hl en&ei 9sp8SqzpLI6y AaM5vxG&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 9 v onepage&q urdu 20heavy 20persian&f false ref Some grammatical elements peculiar to Persian, such as the enclitic ez fe , and the use of the takhallus , were readily absorbed into Urdu literature both religious and ... more details
Multiple issues original research January 2010 refimprove January 2010 Varshney , Varshnei , Varshnai , Varshnaya , Warshne , Varshni , Vrishni or Vrushni are family names from India . They are variant spellings of the name Varshneya , first recorded in the Mah bh rata ref Mah bh rata Chapter 1, Shloka 40, Swami Sivananda translation ref as used by Arjuna to address Krishna in the Mah bh rata Vasudeva Krishna . This group is collectively known as Barsaaney , Barahseni , or Barashaney . This group belongs to a region known as as Barsana near the city of Mathura in north India, famous for the Lath mar Holi , a special celebration of the festival of Holi . Barsaaney was used to describe people of Barsana. Variations came into use including Barasani , Barahseni , Barahsaney , Barshney , Varshney and Warshne . The Barahseni are a sub caste found mainly in western Uttar Pradesh , and in particular in the districts of Aligarh district Aligarh , Bulandshahr district Bulandshahr , Mathura District Mathura , Agra district Agra , Mahamaya Nagar district Mahamaya Nagar and Badaun district Badaun . They speak both Hindi and Khariboli , and have customs somewhat similar to other Bania caste Bania castes . The Barahseni were the traditional bankers of North India , while many, especially in Aligarh district, were substantial landowners. ref William Crook, Tribes and Castes of North Western Provinces and Oudh , Volume I, pages 177 8 ref In religious terms, Varshneys consider themselves to be progenies of Akrura , whom they worship as Sri Akrurji Maharaj . Although the Varshney community remains centred in western Uttar Pradesh , many have migrated around the world. The name traditionally represents the business community and some landowners and former zamindar s. A large number have now entered other walks of life including the profession s and civil services. Not all members of the Varshney community use the word Varshney as their surname many, perhaps half of them, use Gupta . Th ... more details
Rhymed prose is a literary form and literary genre , written in Meter poetry unmetrical rhyme s. This form has been known in many different cultures. In some cases the rhymed prose is a distinctive, well defined style of writing. In modern literary traditions the boundaries of poetry are very broad free verse , prose poetry , etc. , and some works may be described both as prose and poetry. Arab culture Arabic culture and influences In classic Arabic literature the rhymed prose is called saj ref http www.sacred texts.com isl mhm mhm05.htm Rhymed prose ref . An elaborate Arabic kind of rhymed prose is maqama . It influenced other cultures of the Muslim world , such as Persian literature Persian as exemplified by Saadi poet Saadi s Gulistan of Sa di Gulestan and Turkish literature Turkish tr Seci ref Murat Belge Belge, Murat . Osmanl da Kurumlar ve K lt r . ISBN 975 8998 03 X. ref . Maqama also influenced the medieval Hebrew literature , a significant amount of which was produced by Jews of the Muslim world . It influenced the style of Yehuda Alharizi , Ibn Zabara , Ibn Hasdai Abraham ben Samuel ha Levi ibn Hasdai , Ibn Sahula , Jacob ben Eleazer . The corresponding works were called maqamat or mahbarot mahberot , e.g., Mahbarot Emmanuel , by Immanuel the Roman . Arabic rhymed prose was used not only for entertainment or eulogy . Chinese culture A Chinese literature Chinese form of elaborate rhymed prose called fu literature fu originated during the period of Han dynasty , when it was sometimes used to eloquently glorify the emperors. The style of the National Anthem of the Republic of China follows that of a four Chinese character character Chinese poetry poem , also called a four character rhymed prose , first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty . Indian culture Rhymed prose was common in early Khariboli Hindi texts, such as Premsagar Prem Sagur by Lallu Lal ref http onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu webbin book lookupname?key Lallu 20Lal 2C 201763 1825 Prem Sagur , E ... more details
citations missing date May 2009 Infobox Language name Brij Bhasa nativename states India region Uttar Pradesh , Rajasthan , Delhi and Haryana . speakers 44,000 date 1997 ref e16 familycolor Indo European fam2 Indo Iranian languages Indo Iranian fam3 Indo Aryan languages Indo Aryan fam4 Hindi languages Central Hindi fam5 Western Hindi languages Western Hindi fam6 Braj Bhasha Kannauji script Devanagari script iso2 bra iso3 bra Braj Bhasha Devanagari , also called Brij Bhasha , Braj Bhakha , or Dehaati Zabaan , country tongue , is a Central India n language closely related to Hindi language Hindi . In fact it is usually considered to be a dialect of Hindi, and along with Awadhi was one of the two predominant literary languages of North Central India before the switch to Khariboli in the 19th century. Braj Bhasha is spoken by people in the nebulously defined region of Braj Bhoomi Vraja Bhoomi , which was a political state in the era of the Mahabharata wars. According to ancient Hinduism Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana , the kingdom of King Kamsa is described as spreading through the Braj also known as Vrija or Vraja , where the incarnation of Krishna was born and spent his childhood days. This region lies in the Agra Mathura, Uttar Pradesh Mathura area, and stretches as far as the environs of Delhi . In modern India, this area lies mostly in northwestern Uttar Pradesh , the eastern extremities of Rajasthan i.e. Dholpur & Bharatpur and the southern extremities of Haryana . Today Braj Bhoomi can be seen as a cultural geographical entity rather than a proper state. It is the vernacular of the region and boasts a rich culture and literature by famous poets like Surdas , Bhai Gurdas and Amir Khusro . Brij Bhasha is very close to Awadhi language Avadhi , spoken in neighbouring Avadh region. Much of the Hindi literature was developed in Brij in the medieval period. However, today Khariboli dialect has taken its place as th ... more details
dialect, which is a more northern form of Haryanvi and shares many similarities with Khariboli ... of Haryanvi have many similarities with Khariboli , the prestige dialect of Hindi but several other ... more details
About Indian subcontinent culture other uses File Karachi Gymkhana Club in 1890.jpg thumb 210px Karachi Gymkhana Club in 1890. Gymkhana lang hi , lang bn , lang ur is a typical Anglo Indian expression, which is derived from the Hindustani language Hindi Urdu word for racket court, ref name definition cite web url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary gymkhana title Gymkhana publisher Merriam Webster Online Dictionary accessdate 2007 08 01 br cite web url http www.askoxford.com concise oed gymkhana title gymkhana accessdate 2009 03 16 work Oxford Dictionaries publisher AskOxford.com ref is an India n term which originally referred to a place where sporting events take place. The meaning then altered to denote a place where skill based contests were held. Most gymkhanas have a Gymkhana Club associated with it, a term coined during British Raj for gentlemen s club . In India, the term gymkhana is commonly used to refer to a gymnasium. More generally, gymkhana referred and still refers to a social and sporting club in the Indian subcontinent , and in other Asian countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Burma and Singapore, as well as in East Africa. In English speaking countries, a Gymkhana Equestrian gymkhana refers to a multi game equestrian event performed to display the training and talents of horses and their riders. The plot of the children s story The Mystery of the Invisible Thief by Enid Blyton begins at a gymkhana held at an English village, testifying to its being a common institution in English society at the time of writing the 1940s . The term is also used as the name of a timed automotive obstacle course, see Gymkhana motorsport . Etymology Image Bombay Gymnkhana.jpg thumb Bombay Gymkhana or Bombay Gym The first element of gymkhana comes from gend meaning ball in Hindustani language Hindi Hindustani language Hindustani Khariboli . This element is distinct from English word gym , short for gymnasium and gymnastics which has Greek and ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 CyberMohalla is a collaborative initiative of The Sarai Programme at CSDS and Ankur , a Delhi based Non governmental organization NGO for the creation of nodes of Popular culture popular digital culture in Delhi. The word Cybermohalla, suggests a hybrid location, which has the open endedness of cyberspace, qualified by the local specifics and intimacy of a mohalla or a dense urban neighbourhood. Cybermohalla CM is a network of five labs across the city of Delhi locality labs in LNJP an informal settlement in Central Delhi , Dakshinpuri a Resettlement Colony in South Delhi and Nangla Maachhi an informal settlement, in which surveys which mark the beginning of the State s process to displaced it to the outskirts of the city have begun a CM Research and Development Lab in the Ankur office and the Sarai Media Lab. The languages spoken in these labs are diverse Hindustani language Hindustani , Khariboli , Hindi , English language English and the realm of the audio and visual too is unique and specific to each location. The locality lab practitioners meet each other at each others labs, do joint projects at the RnD Lab, keep connected with each others labs through keeping materials in circulation on Electronic mailing lists and Blogs . Does this diversity constitute a network? A network can be defined through the terms that are set up in it, so that nodes can keep reworking the accretion of densities within them, by keeping them in circulation. What are these terms for Cybermohalla? Each locality lab is a room with three computers, portable audio recorders dictaphones and cameras digital and bromide print and fifteen to twenty practitioners from the locality, between 15 and 24 years of age. The labs are self regulated spaces., That is, the daily routine of the lab is decided upon by them, they are in charge of the maintenance of the lab and the responsibility to imagine and realise the future of the lab is theirs. Each practitioner spends five d ... more details
from the eighth century onwards. It developed from the Khariboli dialect of the Delhi area with an infusion ... into a distinct spoken language. Hindi also developed from Khariboli, albeit with the assimilation ... more details
known as Khariboli . Khariboli has four standardized registers Standard Hindi, Urdu, Dakhini and Rekhta ... ized and de Persianised register of Khariboli which they named shuddh Hindi i.e. pure Hindi whereas ... more details
Image Indoarische Sprachen Gruppen.png thumb 350px Indo Aryan languages, grouping according to SIL Ethnologue legend ff0000 Western and Central zones legend ff00ff Northern zone legend 0000ff Northwestern zone legend ffff00 Eastern zone legend 00ffff Southern zone legend 00ff00 Insular The Indo Aryan languages include some 210 SIL International SIL estimate languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia this language family is a part of the List of Indo Iranian languages Indo Iranian language family . Historical see Linguistic history of India Old Indic ca. 1500 300 BC early Old Indic Vedic Sanskrit 1500 to 500 BCE late Old Indic Epic Sanskrit , Classical Sanskrit 500 to 300 BCE Middle Indic or Prakrit s ca. 300 BCE to 1500 CE see Early Modern Indic Mughal period , 1500 to 1800 early Dakkhini Kalmitul hakayat 1580 emergence of Khariboli Gora badal ki katha , 1620s emergence of Urdu at Delhi fort 1670s Contemporary languages This classification follows Kausen 2006 . The main differences from SIL are noted. SIL includes the Nuristani languages within Indo Aryan. Dardic main Dardic languages The relation of this family to other Indo Aryan languages is unclear SIL includes it in the Northwestern zone, despite these languages having a very different grammatical structure from that of the Classical Indo Aryan languages. Principal languages include Pashayi language Pashayi , Khowar language Khowar , Shina language , and Kashmiri language Kashmiri . Northern Zone Garhwali language Garhwali includes Tehri language Tehri Kumauni language Kumauni Nepali language Nepali Gurkali includes Palpa language Palpa North Western Zone Image Western Pahari.jpg thumb br small Map of areas where Dogri Kangri languages are spoken small Dogri Kangri languages Western Pahari Dogri language Dogri , Kangri language Kangri , and Mahasu Pahari language Mahasu Pahari , etc. included in Pahari by SIL Panjabi language Punjabi Eastern or Central Punjabi included in Central zone by SIL Lahnda la ... more details
Infobox writer for more information see Template Infobox writer doc name Maithilisharan Gupt br image Maithili Sharan Gupt.jpg imagesize alt Maithilisharan Gupt caption pseudonym birth name Lala Madan Mohan Ju birth date Birth date 1886 8 3 birth place Chirgaon , Jhansi , Uttar Pradesh , British India death date Death date 1964 12 12 aged 78 death place occupation Poet , Politician , Dramatist , Translator nationality Indian ethnicity citizenship education Primary Chirgaon , Middle Macdonal High School Jhansi alma mater period genre subject movement notableworks Panchavati, Siddharaj, Saket, Yashodhara, vishvarajya etc. spouse partner children relatives influences influenced awards signature website portaldisp Maithilisharan Gupt 3 August 1886 12 December 1964 was one of the most important modern Hindi poets. ref http www.screenindia.com old fullstory.php?content id 7328 ref ref http timesofindia.indiatimes.com news city nagpur Anthropologists work inspired by Premchand articleshow 4854354.cms ref He is considered among the pioneers of Khariboli Khari Boli plain dialect poetry and wrote in Khari Boli at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of Brajbhasha . Early life Born Chirgaon , Jhansi in a Gahoi family. His father was Seth Ramcharan Gupta and mother s name was Smt. Kashibai. He disliked school as a child, so his father arranged for his education at their home. As a child, Gupt studied Sanskrit , English language English and Bengali language Bengali . Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi was his mentor.He was married on 1895. Career Literary works Gupt entered the world of Hindi literature by writing poems in various magazines, including Saraswati . In 1910, his first major work, Rang mein Bhang was published from Indian Press. With Bharat Bharati , his nationalist poems became popular among Indians, who were struggling for independence. Most of his poems revolve around plots from Ramayana , Mahabharata , Buddhist stories and the lives ... more details
Tibetan Buddhism Twilight language is a rendering of the Sanskrit term IAST s dhy bh written also IAST s ndhy bh , IAST s dhyabh , IAST s ndhyabh lang bo dgongs pa i ske or of their modern Indic equivalents especially in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, Maithili, Hindi, Nepali, Braj and Khariboli . The twilight language is a polysemy polysemic language and communication system associated with tantra tantric traditions in Vajrayana Buddhism and Hinduism . It includes visual communication , linguistics verbal communication and nonverbal communication . Tantric texts are often written in a form of the twilight language that is incomprehensible to the uninitiated reader. As part of an esotericism esoteric tradition of initiation , the texts are not to be employed by those without an experienced guide and the use of the twilight language ensures that the uninitiated do not easily gain access to the knowledge contained in these works. According to Judith Simmer Brown blockquote As has often been said, tantric texts are written in twilight language sandha bhasa , gongpe ke , which, as the Hevajra tantra states, is a secret language, that great convention of the yogini s , which the r vaka shravaka s and others cannot unriddle . This means that the texts of Buddhist tantra cannot be understood without the specific oral commentary by authorized Vajrayana teachers ref cite book last Simmer Brown first Judith title Dakini s Warm Breath The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism publisher Shambhala Publications Inc. location Boston and London date 2002 pages p.169 isbn 1 57062 920 X ref blockquote Sonepur literature Nayak 2006 p.72 holds the great fertile locality of Sonepur and its literature is championed by such as the Charyapada , Matsyendranath , Daripada and the Nath blockquote The growth of literature at Sonepur can be traced to Charyapada, to Matsyendranath and Daripada of the Natha cult. They wrote esoteric poetry in language known as Sandhya bhasa . The local ... more details
Italic title infobox book name title orig Arundhat Epic Poem translator image File Ramabhadracharya Works Arundhati 1994 .jpg 200px Cover image caption Cover page of Arundhati epic , first edition, showing the Saptarshi Saptar i as the Big Dipper asterism author Jagadguru Rambhadracharya illustrator cover artist country India language Hindi series subject genre Epic Poetry publisher Shri Raghav Sahitya Prakashan Nidhi, Haridvar pub date 1994 media type Print hardcover pages 232 pp first edition isbn oclc congress preceded by followed by Rambhadracharya sidebar Arundhat lang hi 1994 is a Hindi Epic poetry epic poem Mahakavya composed by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya 1950 in the year 1994. It consists of 1279 verses in 15 cantos sargas . The poem presents the narrative of the couple Arundhati mythology Arundhat and Vasistha Vasi ha which is found in various Hindu scriptures. As per the poet, the narration of the epic is directly related to the psychological evolution of humans. ref name arundhati intro Rambhadracharya 1994, pp. iii vi . ref A copy of the epic was published in 1994 by the Shri Raghav Sahitya Prakashan Nidhi, Haridwar , Uttar Pradesh . The book was released by the then President of India , Shankar Dayal Sharma on July 7, 1994. ref Rambhadracharya 2000. ref Composition In the prologue of the work, the poet mentions why he chose Arundhat as the subject of his first ever epic poem composed in Khariboli Khadi Boli , the standard dialect of Hindi. He mentions that his reverence for Arundhat is natural as he was born in a family of Va i ha Gotra . He found the character of Arundhat which has invaluable elements of the Indian culture, society, righteousness, nation and Vedic philosophy to be unblemished, inspiring and worthy of imitation. He further says that the practice of Agnihotra was substantially promoted and furthered by Arundhat and Vasi ha only, and that along with the seven sages the Saptarshi Saptar i , only the wife o ... more details
Nathuram Sharma lang hi , better known by his pen name Shankar lang hi , 1859 1932 was a Hindi language Hindi and Urdu poet from Harduaganj , North Western Provinces , British India . He worked with the Irrigation Department at Kanpur and subsequently as an Ayurveda Ayurvedic physician . His poetic works are primarily in the dialects of Braj Bhasha and Khariboli . ref name vrp cite book last Pande first V.R. title The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature publisher Sahitya Akademi New Delhi date 1992 volume Five page 3971 isbn 978 81 260 1221 3 url http books.google.com books?id KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg PA3971&lpg PA3971&dq Nathuram Shankar Sharma&source bl&ots Y6GFy6nAz1&sig GG jMG EQAm vwHuPYAzdSRvdLk&hl en&ei w1EITpC6MKqImQWp4vyqDQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 6&ved 0CEgQ6AEwBQ v onepage&q Nathuram 20Shankar 20Sharma&f false ref ref name z ref name zz Early life Shankar was born in 1859 in Harduaganj , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , and received his early education at the local primary school. ref name zz ref name z In 1874 when he was student of Middle Class, English Educational Inspector E. T. Constable inspected the school. Constable was impressed with his talent and knowledge and commented in the inspection book Nathuram is an intelligent student, full of promise. Citation needed date July 2011 He is the father of Hari Shankar Sharma . Shankar knew Sanskrit and Persian as well as Hindi and Urdu. ref name vrp He was a contributor to Saraswati , the literary journal of Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi . ref name kmgv1 http books.google.com books?id m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg PA149&lpg PA149&dq 22Nathuram Sharma Shankar 22&source bl&ots uolh2 5CzQ&sig 1WzB 00Jxd65UJyCnvNelAKDLis&hl en&ei w7kOTrXZFszqgQeM25jQDQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5&ved 0CC8Q6AEwBA v onepage&q 22Nathuram 20Sharma 20 Shankar 22&f false Modern Indian literature, an anthology, Volume 1, Surveys & Poems , K. M. George ed. ,S hitya Ak dem New Delhi 1992 , p. 149 ref ref http www.indianmirror.com ... more details
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