a subfield of computer science , the Kolmogorovcomplexity of an object, such as a piece of text ... Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov . Kolmogorovcomplexity is also known as descriptive complexity ... language is discussed below. It can be shown that the Kolmogorovcomplexity of any string cannot be more than a few bytes larger than the length of the string itself. Strings whose Kolmogorovcomplexity ... theorem and halting problem Turing s halting problem . Definition To define Kolmogorovcomplexity, we ... is the Kolmogorovcomplexity of s , written K s . Symbolically, math K s d s . quad math We now consider ... theory is the area of computer science that studies Kolmogorovcomplexity and other complexity measures on strings or other data structure s . The concept and theory of KolmogorovComplexity is based .... Kolmogorov used this theorem to define several functions of strings complexity, randomness ..., was to associate this type of complexity with Kolmogorov, who was concerned with randomness of a sequence ... of Kolmogorovcomplexity or algorithmic information. The most widely used one is based on self delimiting program s and is mainly due to Leonid Levin 1974 . An axiomatic approach to Kolmogorovcomplexity ... by Andrey Kolmogorov Burgin 1982 . Some consider that naming the concept Kolmogorovcomplexity ... s c. quad math Incomputability of Kolmogorovcomplexity The first result is that there is no way ... integer n , it produces a string with Kolmogorovcomplexity at least as great as n . The program ... rule for Kolmogorovcomplexity Main Chain rule for Kolmogorovcomplexity The chain rule for Kolmogorov ... information Absolute mutual information an analogue of mutual information for Kolmogorovcomplexity ... theory or Kolmogorovcomplexity . Kolmogorov randomness See also algorithmically random sequence ... of Kolmogorovcomplexity. To make this definition complete, a computer has to be specified, usually ... 9958 67 90546 3 Burgin, M. 1982 , Generalized Kolmogorovcomplexity and duality in theory of computations ... more details
The chain rule for Kolmogorovcomplexity is an analogue of the chain rule for information entropy , which states math H X,Y H X H Y X math That is, the combined randomness of two sequences X and Y is the sum of the randomness of X plus whatever randomness is left in Y once we know X . This follows immediately from the definitions of conditional entropy conditional and joint entropy fact from probability theory that the joint probability is the product of the marginal probability marginal and conditional probability math P X,Y P X P Y X , math The equivalent statement for Kolmogorovcomplexity does not hold exactly it is only true up to a logarithm ic factor math K X,Y K X K Y X O log K X,Y math An exact version, KP X , Y KP X KP Y X O 1 , holds for the prefix complexity KP , where X is a shortest program for X . It states that the shortest program to reproduce X and Y is using a program to reproduce X and a program to reproduce Y given X , plus Big O notation at most a logarithmic factor. Using this statement one can define Mutual information Absolute mutual information an analogue of mutual information for Kolmogorovcomplexity . Proof The direction is obvious we can write a program to produce x and y by concatenating a program to produce x , a program to produce y given access to x , and whence the log term the length of one of the programs, so that we know where to separate the two programs for x and y x log K x , y upper bounds this length . The direction is rather more difficult. The key to the proof is the construction of the set math A u,z K u,z le K x,y math that is, the construction of the set of all pairs math u,z math such that the shortest input for a universal Turing machine that produces math u,z math and some way to distinguish math u math from math z math is shorter than the shortest producing math x,y math ... last Li first Ming coauthors Vitá nyi, Paul title An introduction to Kolmogorovcomplexity and its ... more details
theory , the Kolmogorovcomplexity also called descriptive complexity , algorithmic complexity ... program program that outputs that string. Different kinds of Kolmogorovcomplexity are studied the uniform complexity, prefix complexity, monotone complexity, time bounded Kolmogorovcomplexity, and space bounded Kolmogorovcomplexity. An axiomatic approach to Kolmogorovcomplexity based on Blum ... Kolmogorov Burgin 1982 . The axiomatic approach encompasses other approaches to Kolmogorovcomplexity . It is possible to treat different kinds of Kolmogorovcomplexity as particular cases of axiomatically defined generalized Kolmogorovcomplexity . Instead, of proving similar theorems, such as the basic ... approach in mathematics. The axiomatic approach to Kolmogorovcomplexity was further developed ... year 2008 publisher CRC isbn 9780849397127 postscript None Burgin, M. 1982 Generalized Kolmogorovcomplexity ...other uses Complexity disambiguation In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something ... Complexity supramolecular self assembly of synthetic and biological building blocks in water ... b922348g ref there are at this time a number of approaches to characterizing complexity, many of which are reflected in this article. Neil Johnson describes complexity science as the study of the phenomena ... first Neil F. title Two s Company, Three is Complexity A simple guide to the science of all sciences ..., complexity management is the methodology to minimize value destroying complexity and efficiently control value adding complexity in a cross functional approach. File Complexity map Castellani.jpg thumb 800px right A map of many of the leading scholars and areas of research in complexity science Overview ... regime. Many definitions tend to postulate or assume that complexity expresses a condition of numerous ... are specified. Warren Weaver has posited that the complexity of a particular system is the degree ... unsubstatiated citation please read the discussions page . In Weaver s view, complexity comes in two ... more details
complexity lect.jpg thumb Kolmogorov left delivers a talk at a Soviet information theory symposium ... to as KolmogorovcomplexityKolmogorovcomplexity theory , which he began to develop around this time ... Heyting Kolmogorov interpretation Kolmogorov microscales Kolmogorov space Kolmogorovcomplexity ...Infobox scientist name Andrey Kolmogorov image Kolmogorov m.jpg birth date birth date 1903 04 25 df y ... ref name frs cite doi 10.1098 rsbm.1991.0015 ref signature footnotes Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov lang ... , intuitionistic logic , turbulence , classical mechanics and computational complexity . Biography Early life Kolmogorov was born at Tambov in 1903. His unwed mother died in childbirth and he was raised ... movement. He disappeared and was presumed to have been killed in the Russian Civil War . Kolmogorov ... school gymnasium , graduating from it in 1920. In 1920, Kolmogorov began to study at the Moscow State University and the Chemistry Technological Institute. Kolmogorov gained a reputation for his wide ..., 2001 pp. 137&ndash 50. ref At the same time 1921&ndash 1922 , Kolmogorov derived and proved several ... Kolmogorov constructed a Fourier series that diverges almost everywhere , gaining international ... . In 1925 Kolmogorov graduated from Moscow State University , and began to study under the supervision .... Harvard University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978 0 674 03293 4. The police soon learned of Kolmogorov and Alexandrov .... When the police asked Kolmogorov and Alexandrov to join in attacking Luzin, they did so. ref ref cite ..., the so called Luzin affair . Kolmogorov together with Khinchin A. Khinchin became interested ... of classical formal logic can be formulated as those of intuitionistic logic. In 1929 Kolmogorov earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree, Ph.D. , at the Moscow State University . In 1930, Kolmogorov ... in 1931. Also in 1931, he became a professor at Moscow University. In 1933, Kolmogorov published ... expert in this field. In 1935, Kolmogorov became the first chairman of probability theory at the Moscow ... more details
Kolmogorov s theorem is any of several different results by Andrey Kolmogorov In statistics Kolmogorov Smirnov test In probability theory Hahn Kolmogorov theorem Kolmogorov existence theorem Kolmogorov continuity theorem Kolmogorov Riesz compactness theorem Kolmogorov s three series theorem Kolmogorov s zero one law Chapman Kolmogorov equation s Kolmogorov inequalities Kolmogorov s inequality Kolmogorov s inequality for positive submartingales In functional analysis Landau Kolmogorov inequality disambig it Teorema di Kolmogorov pl Twierdzenie Ko mogorowa ... more details
context date January 2012 In probability theory , Kolmogorov equations , including Kolmogorov forward equations and Kolmogorov backward equations , characterize random dynamic processes. Suppose we have a complete statistical description of a stochastic process x t and know some transformation for example, velocity which defines a new process y t related to x t . Then the Kolmogorov equations are a means ... ref Diffusion Processes vs. Jump Processes Writing in 1931, Andrei Kolmogorov started from the theory of discrete time Markov processes, which are described by the Chapman Kolmogorov equation , and sought ... small time intervals will be also small ref name f49 . For each of these two kinds of processes, Kolmogorov derived a forward and a backward system of equations four in all . Kolmogorov equations the modern view In the context of a continuous time Markov process , the term refers to the Kolmogorov ... forward equation and to the Kolmogorov backward equations diffusion . History The equations are named after Andrei Kolmogorov s since they were highlighted in his 1931 foundational work. ref name k31 Andrei Kolmogorov, ber die analytischen Methoden in der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung On Analytical ... ref William Feller makes reference to the equations for the jump process as Kolmogorov s equations . ref name f40 Willy Feller, On Boundaries and Lateral Conditions for the Kolmogorov Differential ... for each member of Kolmogorov s pair, while he refers to the diffusion equations as forward ... later, by 1957, Feller refers to the equations for the jump process as Kolmogorov forward equations and Kolmogorov backward equations . ref name f57 William Feller, 1957. On Boundaries and Lateral Conditions for the Kolmogorov Differential Equations http www.jstor.org stable 1970064 ref Other authors ... Fokker Planck equation as Kolmogorov forward equation, a name that has persisted. References See ... Wizard Category Markov processes it Equazione retrospettiva di Kolmogorov ... more details
Andrey KolmogorovKolmogorov microscales are the smallest scale ratio scale s in Turbulence turbulent flow . At the Kolmogorov scale viscosity dominates and the turbulent kinetic energy is dissipated into heat. They are defined ref Landahl, M.T. & E. Mollo Christensen. Turbulence and Random Processes in Fluid Mechanics. Cambridge, 2ed, 1992. ref by class wikitable Kolmogorov length scale math eta left frac nu 3 epsilon right 1 4 math Kolmogorov time scale math tau eta left frac nu epsilon right 1 2 math Kolmogorov velocity scale math u eta left nu epsilon right 1 4 math where math epsilon math is the average rate of dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy per unit mass, and math nu math is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. In his 1941 theory, A. N. Kolmogorov introduced the idea that the smallest scales of turbulence are universal similar for every turbulent flow and that they depend only on math epsilon math and math nu math . The definitions of the Kolmogorov microscales can be obtained using this idea and dimensional analysis . It therefore is not a theory derived from first principles. Since the dimension of kinematic viscosity is length sup 2 sup time, and the dimension of the energy dissipation rate per unit mass is length sup 2 sup time sup 3 sup , the only combination that has the dimension of time is math tau eta nu epsilon 1 2 math which is the Kolmorogov time scale. Similarly, the Kolmogorov length scale is the only combination of math epsilon math and math nu math that has dimension of length. The Kolmogorov 1941 theory is a mean field theory since it assumes that the relevant dynamical parameter is the mean energy dissipation rate. In fluid turbulence , the energy ... microscale Integral length scale Batchelor scale References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Kolmogorov Microscales Category Turbulence de Mikroskala von Kolmogorow es Escala de Kolmog rov it Scala di Kolmogorov pt Escala de Kolmogorov ... more details
Wiktionary complexity In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement. Complexity may also refer to Complex systems Complexity theory disambiguation Kolmogorovcomplexity Los Angeles Complexity , a professional gaming team Computational complexity theory , in computer science Game complexity Computational complexity of mathematical operations Time complexity See also Complex disambiguation Disambig es Complejidad desambiguaci n ... more details
In mathematics, the Kolmogorov integral or Kolmogoroff integral is a general integral introduced by harvs txt last Kolmogoroff authorlink Andrey Kolmogorov year 1930 including the Lebesgue Stieltjes integral , the Burkill integral , and the Hellinger integral as special cases. References Citation last1 Kolmogoroff first1 A. authorlink Andrey Kolmogorov title Untersuchungen ber den Integralbegriff url http dx.doi.org 10.1007 BF01455714 publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg doi 10.1007 BF01455714 year 1930 journal Mathematische Annalen issn 0025 5831 volume 103 issue 1 pages 654 696 eom id k k055720 first V. A. last Skvortsov integral Category Definitions of mathematical integration ... more details
one source date April 2012 Infobox football biography image playername Boris Kolmogorov fullname Boris Olegovich Kolmogorov dateofbirth birth date and age 1990 01 12 df yes cityofbirth countryofbirth height height m 1.80 position Midfielder currentclub clubnumber years1 2011 clubs1 FC Sibiryak Bratsk caps1 1 goals1 0 pcupdate 16 59, 21 April 2012 UTC ntupdate Boris Olegovich Kolmogorov lang ru born January 12, 1990 is a Russia n association football football midfielder , who last played for FC Sibiryak Bratsk . He made his debut in the Russian Second Division for FC Sibiryak Bratsk on September 28, 2011 in a game against FC Metallurg Kuzbass Novokuznetsk . ref cite web publisher Russian Football Union url http www.rfspro.ru cgi bin player script2.cgi?par1 116472 title Career Summary date 21 April 2012 ref References Reflist External links http news.sportbox.ru Vidy sporta Futbol stats man 1218099992 Career summary by sportbox.ru DEFAULTSORT Kolmogorov, Boris Category 1990 births Category Living people Category Russian footballers Russia footy midfielder 1990s stub ... more details
In probability theory , Kolmogorov s criterion , named after Andrey Kolmogorov , is a theorem in Markov process es concerning stationary Markov chain s i.e. ones with stationary transition probabilities, also called Markov chain Variations time homogeneous Markov chains . The theorem states that such a chain is time reversibility reversible if and only if its transition probabilities or rates for a continuous chain satisfy math p j 1 j 2 p j 2 j 3 cdots p j n 1 j n p j n j 1 p j 1 j n p j n j n 1 cdots p j 3 j 2 p j 2 j 1 math for all finite sequences of states math j 1, j 2, ldots, j n in S . math Here p sub ij sub are elements of the transition matrix P and S is the state space of the chain. Explanation File Kolmogorov criterion.png Consider this figure depicting a section of a CTMC with states i, j, k and l and the corresponding transition rates. Here Kolmogorov s criterion implies that the product of rates when traversing through any closed loop must be equal. For example, from i j k l i, the rate product is math q ij q jk q kl q li math . On the other hand, the rate through i l k j i, the product rate is math q il q lk q kj q ji math . The criterion says that the CTMC is Reversible Markov process reversible if and only if it satisfies the above equality. Notes references See also Kolmogorov s generalized criterion Category Markov processes ... more details
that can be placed on a topological space. The Kolmogorov quotient Topological indistinguishability ... the Kolmogorov quotient of X , which we will denote KQ X . Of course, if X was T sub 0 sub to begin with, then KQ X and X are natural category theory natural ly homeomorphic . Categorically, Kolmogorov spaces are a reflective subcategory of topological spaces, and the Kolmogorov quotient is the reflector. Topological spaces X and Y are Kolmogorov equivalent when their Kolmogorov quotients are homeomorphic ... and Y are Kolmogorov equivalent, then X has such a property if and only if Y does. On the other hand ... 0 sub space with the same structures and properties by taking the Kolmogorov quotient. The example of L ... with this topology. When we form the Kolmogorov quotient, the actual L sup 2 sup R , these structures ... mechanics generally want to study. Note that the notation L sup 2 sup R usually denotes the Kolmogorov ... if and only if the Kolmogorov quotient KQ X is Hausdorff. This is a sensible, albeit less ... be added or removed arbitrarily using the concept of Kolmogorov quotient. External links http www.mathematik.tu ... Properties of topological spaces ar ca Espai de Kolmogorov de Kolmogoroff Raum es Espacio de Kolmog rov ko T0 it Spazio T0 nl Kolmogorov ruimte pl Przestrze T0 pt Espa o de Kolmogorov ... more details
In probability theory , Kolmogorov s inequality is a so called maximal inequality mathematics inequality that gives a bound on the probability that the partial sum s of a Finite set finite collection of independent random variables exceed some specified bound. The inequality is named after the Russia n mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov . Citation needed date May 2007 Statement of the inequality Let X sub 1 sub , ..., X sub n sub R be Statistical independence independent random variable s defined on a common probability space , F , Pr , with expected value E X sub k sub 0 and variance Var X sub k sub < for k 1, ..., n . Then, for each > 0, math Pr left max 1 leq k leq n S k geq lambda right leq frac 1 lambda 2 operatorname Var S n equiv frac 1 lambda 2 sum k 1 n operatorname Var X k , math where S sub k sub X sub 1 sub ... X sub k sub . Proof The following argument is due to Kareem Amin and employs discrete martingale s. As argued in the discussion of Doob s martingale inequality , the sequence math S 1, S 2, dots, S n math is a martingale. Without loss of generality , we can assume that math S 0 0 math and math S i geq 0 math for all math i math . Define math Z i i 0 n math as follows. Let math Z 0 0 math , and math Z i 1 left begin array ll S i 1 & text if displaystyle max 1 leq j leq i S j lambda Z i & text otherwise end array right. math for all math i math . Then math Z i i 0 n math is a also a martingale. Since math S i S i 1 math is independent and mean zero, math begin align sum i 1 n text E S i S i 1 2 & sum i 1 n text E S i 2 2 S i S i 1 S i 1 ... s inequality Doob s martingale inequality Etemadi s inequality Landau Kolmogorov inequality Markov ... xviii 509 PlanetMath attribution id 3687 title Kolmogorov s inequality Category Probability theory ... de Kolmogorow Ungleichung fr In galit de Kolmogorov km pl Nier wno Ko mogorowa ... more details
Effective complexity is a measure of complexity defined in a 2003 paper by Murray Gell Mann and Seth Lloyd that attempts to measure the amount of non random information in a system. ref http www.santafe.edu research publications workingpapers 03 12 068.pdf ref It has been criticised as being dependent on the subjective decisions made as to which parts of the information in the system are to be discounted as random. ref http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 14976916 ref See also Kolmogorovcomplexity Crude complexity Logical depth Total information Self dissimilarity Forecasting complexity Effective measure complexity References reflist External links http www.cs.brandeis.edu pablo complex.maker.html Category Information theory Category Computational complexity theory Comp sci theory stub ... more details
how humans perceive relevance, Cognitive complexity is defined as an extension of the notion of Kolmogorovcomplexity . It amounts to the length of the shortest description available to the observer ...Cognitive Cognitive complexity describes cognition along a simplicity complexity axis. It is the subject ... last Bell first R.C. title Cognitive complexity work The Internet Encyclopaedia of Personal Construct ... Analyzing Organizations Through Cognitive Complexity author Villanova University accessdate 29 April ... Cognitive Complexity in Human Computer Interaction last Rauterberg first Matthias year 1996 volume ... complexity is a psychological characteristic or psychological variable that indicates how complex ... who is measured high on cognitive complexity tends to perceive nuances and subtle differences ... by the use of many constructs with many relationships to one another complexity and at the other ... rules in particular the GOMS CCT methodology. Cognitive complexity can have various meanings ..., and integration within a cognitive system . ref Burleson, B.R., & Caplan, S.E. 1998 , Cognitive complexity ... Trait perspectives 233 286 . Creskill, NJ Hampton Press ref In computer science see Complexity In human computer interaction , cognitive or psychological complexity distinguishes human factors related to psychology and human cognition from, for example, computational complexity theory computational complexity . ref name thomas 2008 cite book first1 John C. last1 Thomas first2 John T. last2 Richards ... Psychological Simplicity Methods And Measures To Reduce Cognitive Complexity year 2008 pages 498 ... in a village in Congo rather than in an Inuit village. Cognitive complexity is related to probability .... Human individuals attach two complexity values to events description complexity see above definition generation complexity the size of the minimum set of parameter values than the world as imagined ... woman in Congo, one must add up the complexity of each event in the causal chain that brought ... more details
of models of given maximal Kolmogorovcomplexity . The Kolmogorov Structure function of an individual ... theory , also known as the theory of Kolmogorovcomplexity , for describing the structure of a String computer science string by use of Mathematical model model s of increasing complexity. Kolmogorov s definition Image Kolm complexity lect.jpg thumb Kolmogorov left talks on the Structure function see ..., math K S math is the Kolmogorovcomplexity of S and math alpha math is a nonnegative integer value ... x math and math K x math is the Kolmogorovcomplexity of x. The algorithmic sufficient statistic ... is therefore an algorithmic sufficient statistic . We write algorithmic for Kolmogorovcomplexity ... being a model of best fit, that math K x,S K x O 1 math and therefore by the Kolmogorovcomplexity ... class of sets of given maximal Kolmogorovcomplexity math alpha math , the complexity of S upper ... for x, math K P math is the Kolmogorovcomplexity of P and math alpha math is a integer value bounding ... x math and math K x math is the Kolmogorovcomplexity of x. Then math h x alpha h x alpha O log n math . For every complexity level math alpha math the function math h x alpha math is the Kolmogorov ... of computable probability mass functions of given maximal Kolmogorovcomplexity math alpha math , the complexity ... of individual data using Kolmogorovcomplexity, IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 56 7 2010 , 3438 3454 ref using Kolmogorovcomplexity. Experiments using real compressor programs have been carried ... is that for natural data the Kolmogorovcomplexity is not far from the length of a compressed version ... Cover, P. Gacs, R.M. Gray, Kolmogorov s contributions to Iinformation Theory and Algorithmic Complexity ... and Its Applications, vol. 32 1987 , pp. 389 412. http www.amazon.com Introduction KolmogorovComplexity ... to KolmogorovComplexity and its Applications, Third Edition, Springer Verlag, New York, 2008 ... A.Kh. Shen, Discussion on KolmogorovComplexity and Statistical Analysis, The Computer Journal 1999 ... more details
Strategic complexity may refer to an alternative name for the field of Complexity theory and organizations the degree of complexity of elements of a strategy the number of elements of a strategic activity system, see Competitive Strategy disambig ... more details
on the Kolmogorovcomplexity of a pattern T that is exhibited by an event E that has occurred. Mathematically .... blockquote Kolmogorovcomplexity provides a measure of the computational resources needed to specify ... of other patterns may have Kolmogorovcomplexity no larger than that of T is denoted by T . The number ...Intelligent Design Specified complexity is an argument proposed by William Dembski and used by him and others ... by Dembski. Dembski states that specified complexity is a reliable marker of design by an intelligent ... modern evolutionary theory . The concept of specified complexity is widely regarded as mathematically ... Intelligencer, Vol. 23, No. 4, Fall 2001, pp. 3 8. ref Specified complexity is one of the two main arguments used by intelligent design proponents, the other being irreducible complexity . In Dembski ... complexity to exist in patterns displayed by configurations formed by unguided processes. Therefore ... complexity. In intelligent design literature, an intelligent designer intelligent agent is one that chooses ... 1999. ref Specified complexity is what Dembski terms an explanatory filter which can recognize ... also reject applying specified complexity to infer design as an argument from ignorance . Definition Orgel s original use The term specified complexity was originally coined by origin of life researcher ..., living organisms are distinguished by their specified complexity. Crystals are usually taken ... because they lack complexity the mixtures of polymers fail to qualify because they lack specificity ... by physicist Paul Davies in a similar manner blockquote Living organisms are mysterious not for their complexity per se, but for their tightly specified complexity ref Paul Davies 1999 . The Fifth Miracle p. 112 ref blockquote Dembski s definition For Dembski, specified complexity is a property ... Inference . Specified complexity is fundamental to his approach to intelligent design, and each ..., if there is a way to detect design, specified complexity is it. ref William A. Dembski 2002 . No Free ... more details
Complexity theory may refer to The study of a complex system or complex systems Complexity theory and organizations , the application of complexity theory to strategy Complexity economics , the application of complexity theory to economics Chaos theory , the study of the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions Computational complexity theory , a field in theoretical computer science and mathematics Algorithmic information theory See also Systems theory Complexity Disambiguation ar fr Th orie de la complexit hr Teorija slo enosti ru ... more details
In Computability theory computer science computability and Computational complexity theory complexity theory , ALL is the class of all decision problem s. Relations to other classes ALL contains all complexity classes of decision problems, including RE complexity RE and co RE . External links CZoo Class ALL A all ComplexityClasses Category Complexity classes es ALL clase de complejidad zh ALL ... more details
In computational complexity theory , a certificate also called a witness is a string that certifies the answer to a computation, or certifies the membership of some string in a language. A certificate is often thought of as a solution path within a verification process, which is used to check whether a problem gives the answer Yes or No . In the decision tree model of computation, certificate complexity is the minimum number of the math n math input variables of a decision tree that need to be assigned a value in order to definitely establish the value of the Boolean function math f math . References Citation last1 Buhrman first1 Harry last2 Wolf first2 Ronald title Complexity Measures and Decision Tree Complexity A Survey year 2002 . http www.cs.princeton.edu theory complexity dectreechap.pdf Computational Complexity a Modern Approach by Sanjeev Arora and Boaz Barak Category Computational complexity theory comp sci theory stub ... more details
In computational complexity theory complexity theory , ZPL Zero error Probabilistic Logarithmic space is the set of problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine which always yields the correct answer and uses logarithmic space on average. Probabilistic algorithms that always give the correct answer are called Las Vegas algorithm s. Unlike its deterministic counterpart L complexity L , a ZPL machine can potentially use exponential time by exploiting randomness. If ZPL is restricted to polynomial time, we get the more interesting class ZPLP complexity ZPLP . A surprising result is that ZPL is equal to both RL complexity RL and NL complexity NL thus, if a problem can be solved in logarithmic space with nondeterminism or with one sided error, it can be solved with no error and logarithmic space on average. See the articles on RL complexity RL and NL complexity NL for more information about ZPL. Category Probabilistic complexity classes comp sci theory stub ... more details
Computational Complexity may refer to Computational complexity theory Computational Complexity journal disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Synchronization complexity is a quantified attribute see also measurement of a characteristic of a concurrent software product. It measures the additional complexity incurred by the synchronization constructs used in the software, and does that by analyzing the software source code. It is essentially an extension of the cyclomatic complexity for multitasking multithreaded programs. Further reading http www.synchronizationcomplexity.com Synchronization complexity Category Software metrics soft eng stub he ... more details
Accidental complexity is complexity that arises in computer program s or their computer programming development process which is non essential to the problem to be solved. While essential complexity is inherent and unavoidable, accidental complexity is caused by the approach chosen to solve the problem. ref cite book last Holt first John title UML for systems engineering watching the wheels ISBN 978 0 86341 354 4 pages 8 publisher Institution of Engineering and Technology IET year 2004 ref While sometimes accidental complexity can be due to mistakes such as ineffective planning, or low priority placed on a project, some accidental complexity always occurs as the side effect of solving any problem. For example, the complexity caused by out of memory errors is an accidental complexity to most programs that occurs because one decided to use a computer to solve the problem. While accidental complexity is to be minimized in any good architecture, design, and implementation, excessive accidental complexity is an example of an anti pattern . References reflist Category Anti patterns Category Software project management Category Articles lacking sources from June 2009 Category All articles lacking sources comp sci stub compu prog stub es Accidental complexity it Complessit involontaria ... more details
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