Expand German date December 2010 Kraal also spelled craal or kraul is an Afrikaans and Dutch language Dutch word also used in South African English for an enclosure for cattle or other livestock, located within an African Human settlement settlement or village surrounded by a palisade , sod mud defensive wall wall , or other fencing, roughly circular in form. In the Dutch language a kraal is a term derived from the Portuguese language Portuguese word lang pt curral , ref Random House Unabridged Dictionary Kraal Origin 1725 35 Afrikaans Portuguese curral pen ref cognate with the Spanish language lang es corral , which entered into English separately. ref name weekley cite book last Weekley first Ernest title The Romance of Words year 1912 publisher John Murray location London url http www.archive.org stream cu31924027421209 page n31 mode 2up page 23 ref ref name theal 1 cite book last Theal first George McCall title South Africa the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi year 1894 publisher Unwin location London url ... South Africans and historians commonly referred to the entire settlement as a kraal tag ref in 1894 Theal notes that the word kraal ...is also used to signify a collection of either Hottentot or Bantu Huts... , in 1910 Kidd describes a kraal as The natives lives in round huts, which are build of wattle and daub. A kraal consists of a number of these huts grouped in a circle or crescent the cattle kraal, which is usually a large circular enclosure made of thorn bush branches, being places ... that kraal may refer to Any native village or collection of huts ref name theal 1 ref name kidd cite ... uses In some Southern African regions, the term Kraal is used in scouting to refer to the team of Scout ... Fences af Kraal be be x old da Kraal de Kraal fr Kraal no Kraal pl Kraal ru sv Kraal uk ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Sir Henry at N didi s Kraal Type Album Artist Vivian Stanshall Cover Released 1984 Recorded Genre Spoken word br Comedy br Comedy music Length Label Demon Records Diablo Producer Glen Colson Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r50036 pure url yes link Last album Teddy Boys Don t Knit br 1981 This album Sir Henry at N didi s Kraal br 1984 Sir Henry at N didi s Kraal is the fourth and final solo album by Vivian Stanshall . It is a return to the largely spoken word, solo comedy format of Stanshall s second album Sir Henry at Rawlinson End recording Sir Henry at Rawlinson End and is a sequel to the same work. Background Sir Henry at N didi s Kraal continues the story of the dissolute aristocrat and explorer Sir Henry Rawlinson, this time dealing with his attempts on behalf of the Geographic Society to locate a lost tribe of Zulus in South Africa. In contrast to Sir Henry at Rawlinson End recording Sir Henry at Rawlinson End , it is almost entirely spoken word, with only one song included. The album is predominantly a parody of the colonial manners and attitudes of the British Empire, using Sir Henry as a mouthpiece for various ridiculous and sometimes racist philosophies which Stanshall could spoof. It has been described as a contradictory mix of Sir Henry s belief in racial superiority and Stanshall s genuine affection for African culture. ref name gingergeezerbook cite book author Randall, Lucian & Welch, Chris title Ginger Geezer The Life of Vivian Stanshall publisher 4th Estate year 2001 isbn 1 84115 679 5 ref The album was recorded at a low point in Stanshall s life following his separation from his second wife Ki Longfellow and their young family, during which he was suffering from severe alcohol and prescription ... opera Stinkfoot , Sir Henry at N didi s Kraal would be his final album. Track listing Sir Henry at N didi s Kraal Personnel Vivian Stanshall vocals and narration, trumpet, percussion Suzie ... more details
Elephantstay is an elephant Wildlife rehabilitation rehabilitation and breed ing project in Ayutthaya city Ayutthaya , Thailand that operates under the Prakochaban Foundation. Founded by Laithongrein Meepan in 2005, the project is registered as a non profit organization. It can be found at the Royal Elephant Kraal, which was historically a compound where elephants were captured and kept, which was a privilege of the king of Thailand . At the Kraal old elephants are retired from work, and they have one of the largest breeding programs in the world. The term kraal means an inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be tamed and educated, according to the 1913 Websters dictionary. gallery Deleted image removed Image Elephantstay s Logo.jpg The Logo gallery main Kraal Rehabilitation The Kraal also acts as an elephant rehabilitation center. Cases On the 21st of August 2007 Boon Seuhm came to the Kraal just days after she killed a man who taunted her and withheld food 10 years ago. The Kraal saved her from being executed and she now leads a happy life going through the rehab process. Also an Elephant named Khun Song was rescued after he was attacked by another bull elephant. Recently Natalie was rescued after large amount of dontations from team members References http www.elephantstay.com The Elephantstay Homepage http thailand.tv watch elephantstay Elephantstay Video http www.changdee.com Website in Thai language Category Wildlife rehabilitation Category Conservation in Thailand Category Animal welfare organizations ... more details
About the royal kraal of the Zulu empire the city in Zimbabwe Bulawayo Bulawayo prefixed according to context with gu or kwa was the royal kraal of Shaka Zulu , and as such was the capital of the early Zulu empire. It was founded after Shaka s conquest of the Ndwandwe kingdom, in around 1820. It was here that Shaka first met Western traders from Port Natal . ref Bulawayo No. 2 , KwaZulu Natal provincial government website. http www.kzn.org.za index.php?product 54548 ref After Shaka s assassination, the royal kraal was moved to umGungundlovu by his half brother and successor Dingane . It is not to be confused with the city in Zimbabwe, founded and named after it by Matabele king and Shaka s former lieutenant Mzilikazi . References reflist Category History of Zimbabwe ... more details
In the southern African context, a homestead Xhosa language Xhosa umzi , Zulu language Zulu umuzi , Swati language Swati umuti is a cluster of several houses singular indlu plural Xhosa language Xhosa and Zulu language Zulu izindlu , Swati language Swati tindlu characteristic of the Nguni languages Nguni speaking peoples of Africa . Each homestead is normally occupied by a single extended family. Image Homestead kraal.jpg frame A South African homestead with a kraal in the foreground Photo by Richard Jones See also Compound enclosure Kraal Boma enclosure Category South African society Category Human habitats SouthAfrica stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Queen s Mine is a village in Matabeleland North , Zimbabwe and is located about 55 km north east of Bulawayo along the Bulawayo Eastnor Zimbabwe Eastnor road. The village grew up around the now closed Queen s Mine. The gold mine was pegged on the site of ancient diggings in 1893. It derived its name from the nearby Northern Ndebele people Ndebele queen s kraal . Coord missing Zimbabwe Category Populated places in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe geo stub ... more details
Infobox South African town censuscode 81202 name KwaMhlanga settlement type image skyline imagesize image caption image map mapsize map caption image map1 mapsize1 map caption1 pushpin map pushpin label position pushpin map caption Location in Mpumalanga pushpin mapsize subdivision type Country subdivision name flag South Africa subdivision type1 Provinces of South Africa Province subdivision name1 Mpumalanga subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 government footnotes government type leader party leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 elevation m population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 timezone South Africa Standard Time SAST utc offset 2 coordinates display display inline,title latd 25.432 latm lats latNS S longd 28.708 longm longs longEW E postal code type Postal code postal code area code website footnotes KwaMhlanga is a town in Mpumalanga , South Africa and is the spiritual home of the Ndebele people South Africa amaNdebele tribe that settled there in the early 18th century. This town developed into the administrative centre for the local government, and now houses the government administration for the North Western Region of the Mpumalanga Province. To the north of KwaMhlanga, on the R568 near the village of Klipfontein , is located the Manala Royal Kraal the Ndzundza Mabhoko Royal Kraal is situated further north at Weltevreden . By special arrangement, both of these kraal s can be visited by small parties. See also Siyabuswa Vaalbank Libangeni References reflist DEFAULTSORT Kwamhlanga Category Populated places in the Nkangala District Municipality Mpumalanga geo stub es KwaMhlanga it KwaMhlanga nl KwaMhlanga pl KwaMhlanga ... more details
Image MNP Working Elephant.JPG thumb Kumki and mahout near bamboo thicket at Moyer River, Mudumalai National Park , India Kumki is the local name for captive, trained Indian elephant s. ref cite web url http www.hindu.com 2007 03 10 stories 2007031010690500.htm title Kumki elephant treated for ailment publisher The Hindu date March 10, 2007 accessdate 2007 10 23 ref These are used mostly for taming and training of newly captured wild elephants and also to lead away wild elephants that stray in to human settlements. Kumkis are not the tame elephants widely found in Indian temples. An elephant has to undergo extensive training before it can become a Kumki. Several animal activists have appealed against this kraal training system. References reflist India culture stub Category Elephants in Indian culture ... more details
Mar 4 0 Bandits. A. Torres 7 , 49 , 76 G. Palacio 17 . MCC Kraal Road 0 1 Alpha. H. Cruz 83 . October ... 27 MCC Roots 1 1 Benque. M. Francis 82 G. Enriquez 44 . October 28 Isidoro Beaton Bandits 1 4 Kraal Road. C. Moody 87 pen. R. Gentle 40 80 , N. Nunez 73 , L. Diaz 80 . Sent off S. Reneau, GK Kraal Road ... . Bye Alpha Barcelona. Week 3 November 3 MCC Kraal Road 4 0 Adventurers. D. Andrews 55 , 57 , 59 L ... 0 5 Kraal Road F.C. L. Jones 8 R. Gentle 27 , 65 , 75 N. Nunez 60 . November 11 4 00 PM CST, Norman ... 5 0 Adventurers November 18 Toledo Union Estrellas 0 1 Kraal Road People s Stadium Alpha 0 2 Benque ... Channel5Belize.COM Bot generated title ref Week 6 November 24 MCC Kraal Road 0 2 Tex Mar Boys. Robert ... December 1 Texmar 3 0 Roots December 2 Barrio Fino 2 1 Kraal Road Estrellas 3 1 Alpha Bandits 6 1 Adventurers ... 15 19 30, MCC Kraal Road Benque United 19 30, Isidoro Beaton Bandits Alpha 20 00, Michael Ashcroft .... First red card Stanley Reneau for Kraal Road F.C. against Belmopan Bandits, October 27. Goals 5 goals Ashley Torres, Tex Mar Boys 3 goals Delroy Andrews and Lorenzo Diaz, Kraal Road. 2 goals Rupert Smith, Roots. Raymond Gentle, Kraal Road. Andres Logan, Jeffrey Jones and Gerald Montejo, Barrio Fino .... Maurice Francis, Roots. Colin Moody, Bandits. Norman Nunez, Kraal Road. Devon Makin, Estrellas ... Broaster Stadium , San Ignacio Estrellas F.C. 2005 Toledo Union Field , Punta Gorda Kraal Road ... more details
Kral or KRAL may refer to People with the surname Kral or Kr l Irene Kral 1932 1978 , American jazz singer Ivan Kral born 1948 , Czech musician Janko Kr 1822 1876 , Slovak romantic poet Jon Kral born 1946 , American photographer Josef Kr l born 1990 , Czech professional racing driver Matej Kr l born 1990 , Slovak football player Petr Kr l born 1941 , Czech writer Robert J. Kral , Australian film and TV composer Vojt ch Kr l born 1988 , Czech orienteering competitor In places Kr , a village in Slovakia In transportation Riverside Municipal Airport in Riverside, California, USA, whose ICAO code is KRAL See also Kraal Category Surnames disambig It does not help to add disambig or hndis tags where the page only contains people who share a surname de Kral fr Kral sl Kr l ... more details
kraal for the cattle, constructed on the edge of the southern face of the ridge. Trenches and earth ... of the kraal. A palisade blocked the hundred yards between the kraal and redoubt, while four 7 pounders ... occupied the cattle kraal and the remaining infantry manned the laager. The gunners had been told that if the Zulus ... falling to crossfire from the laager and kraal as they came over the crest. However, more and more swarmed on to the glacis between the cliff and the defenders, funneling into the gap between the kraal and laager. The Zulus soon forced their way into the cattle Kraal and fought hand to hand with men of the 1 13th company. The cattle in the kraal hampered both sides, but with Zulu pressure mounting .... Zulu riflemen were now able to open fire from behind the walls of the kraal to give their advancing ... the kraal and lined the rim of the cliff with a further company to fire into the dead ground. As soon ... more details
float right width 260 label Dingane s Kraal lat deg 28 lat min 26 lat sec 9 lat dir S lon deg 31 lon min 16 lon sec 3 lon dir E position left caption Location of Dingane s kraal, UmGungundlovu , within ... Retief s party of Voortrekkers portraying their deaths in the kraal in fact they were killed on the execution ... Retief s party of Voortrekkers portraying their deaths in the kraal in fact they were killed on the execution ... Dingane http about south africa.com html dingane kraal.html Dingane s kraal dead link date December 2010 http www.zulu culture.co.za zulu kraal dingane.php Zulu Kraal Dingane s Kraal Persondata ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In archaeology , an enclosure is one of the most common types of archaeological site . It is any area of land separated from surrounding land by Earthworks archaeology earthworks , walls or fencing. Such a simple feature is found all over the world and during almost all archaeological period s. They may be few metres across or be large enough to encompass whole cities. Enclosures served numerous practical purposes including acting to delineate settlement areas, to create defensive positions or to be used as animal pens. They were also widely adopted in ritual and burial practices however and seem to demonstrate a fundamental human desire to make physical boundaries around spaces. Enclosures created from ditches and banks or walling can often be identified in the field through aerial photography or archaeological survey ground survey . Other types leave less permanent records and may only be identified during Excavation archaeology excavation . Types of enclosure Banjo enclosure s Causewayed enclosure s Enclosed cremation cemetery Enclosed cremation cemeteries Enclosed oppidum Enclosed oppida Henge s Henge enclosure s Kraal s Ring ditch es Rondel enclosure s Stone circle s Timber circle s Tor enclosure s Category Monument types Category Archaeological features Archaeology stub ... more details
, the old Kraal is maintained to house elephants, which is a structure made of wood compartments ... Image A baby Elephant at Anakottil.JPG Baby Elephant inside the Kodanad Kraal Image Elephant Kodanad ... Kodanad Elephant kraal structure Image Kodanad 23.jpg A Baby Elephant roughly 4 months old gallery ... more details
, who already live there, led by Kraal. Orion then suggests the merging of the two groups under Kraal ... which attack them and kill quite a number of them. This almost weakens Kraal s resolve to unite ... whose baby Orion saved from the dinosaur and now Kraal s wife, sells Anya and Orion out to Set. They are both ... more details
Lake Fundudzi aka Lake Funduzi is located in the Soutpansberg in the Limpopo Province of South Africa . Measuring about 5 km by 3 km when full, it was created by an ancient landslide blocking the course of the Mutale River. The lake and its resident crocodiles as well as the nearby forest of Thathe Vondo, are regarded as sacred by the Vhatatsindi, the People of the Pool who are part of the Venda people . ref http www.southafrica.net sat content en za full article?oid 8012&sn Detail&pid 1 ref According to Venda legend the lake was created when a passing leper was refused food and shelter. He cursed the kraal which disappeared below the waters of the newly formed lake and the Venda claim that in the early morning it is possible to hear the sound of drums and the cries and bellowing of the drowned people and cattle. ref Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa ref Legend also believes that Lake Fundudzi is protected by a python god living in the mountain. The Venda pay homage to this god by annually performing a puberty dance, characterised by the sinuous swaying and writhing of a conga line , in which adolescent girls of the tribe take part. The fullness of the lake and its colour are said to reflect the temper of the ancestors, and the possibility of rain. ref http www.sa venues.com attractions limpopo lake fundudzi.htm ref ref http www.vanhunks.com lowveld1 venda1.html ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Fundudzi, Lake Category Lakes of South Africa coord 22 51 18 S 30 18 20 E type landmark display title ... more details
Orphan date August 2006 att April 2010 unreferenced date February 2008 eNdodakusuka translated as slow move is the municipal at Kwa Zulu Natal . It covers the area from the Amatikulu River and a line just south of Mtunzini in the north, to a line south of the Tugela River , just north of Darnall, in the south. History eNdondakusuka is one of the historic places in Kwa Zulu Natal. This Places holds beautiful information on Zulu Kingdom history. The Tugela correctly spelt Thukela River is the largest river in KwaZulu Natal and provides a large percentage of South African water, and was the historical border between Zululand and Natal. In early February 1838 at Dingaanstad , one of the powerful Zulu leaders King Dingane , Piet Retief and sveral of his followers were killed. King Dingaan then advanced with his victory to where he built a kraal near Thukela river. As the punishment to King Dindaan, the Voortrekkers and the English planned to attack King Dingane near Thukela river from two directions and indeed they were near Thukela river on early April. The war took a long time to come into effect thus the term Ndondakusuka and the war was called the Tugela battle. On 17 April 1838 the attackers were driven into the river by King Dingane s supporters led by general Nongalaza who was trained by Shaka . Despite the Tugela river, another battle called the Battle of the Princes which was between two sons of King Mpande, Cetshwayo, who later became a king, and Mbuyazi. Due to differences the two brothers had their father decided to keep the apart, he sent Cetshwayo to Ndodakusuka and Mbuyazi to Mfaba Hills. In 1856 Mbuyazi and his followers iziGqoza crossed the Tugela river to eNdodakusuka to settle the differences between him and his brother. Mbuyazi and iziGqoza were driven into the river leaving Cetshwayo with the victory. As a sign of his triumph he erected a kraal Gingindlovu the swallower of the elephant in the vicinity. The name has its origin in his belief that, by d ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 Superherobox Wikipedia WikiProject Comics image caption comic color background ff8080 character name Solarman real name species publisher Marvel Comics debut creators alliance color background c0c0ff alliances aliases powers Solarman was a superhero that ran briefly in his own 1989 title from Marvel Comics . In reality Solarman is teenager Benjamin Tucker, who dreams of becoming an artist for Marvel Comics even though his Los Angeles gym owner father wants him to become a jock athlete jock . A blue skinned alien cyborg warlord named Commander Gormagga Kraal tried to use his technology to drain the energy from Earth s sun, but his white bearded head scientist, Sha han, refused and fled to Earth with Kraal s Circlet of Power, which he gave to Ben along with a helpful little robot the boy, for obvious reasons, dubs Beepie. Thereafter, Ben could expose the Circlet which is worn on his wrist like a bracelet and cannot be removed to sunlight and transform into the golden haired adult Solarman who possesses superhuman strength, is capable of super sonic flight and survival in deep space and can control light, heat and other forms of energy, although his weakness is that his powers would fade without constant exposure to sunlight, causing him to revert to his powerless teenage form. Basically a cross between Captain Marvel DC Comics Shazam and Star Wars , Marvel had high hopes for the character, and even created a pilot television pilot for an animated TV series based around him. However, the show was never picked up. On October 24, 1992, this pilot aired as a special on Fox Kids . Despite scripts by Stan Lee and art by Jim Mooney , Mike Zeck and Nestor Redondo , his comic book lasted only two issues. Credited creator David Oliphant had actually published three Digest size digest sized issues of a more educationally oriented version of Solarman back in 1979 under the Pendulum Illustrated imprint. This Solarman was an alien Solarite named Dav ... more details
Gon alo da Silveira 23 February 1526 &ndash 6 March 1561 was a Portuguese Jesuit missionary in southern Africa. Life Gon alo da Silveira was born at Almeirim , Portugal , about convert 40 mi from Lisbon . He was the tenth child of Dom Lu s da Silveira, first count of Sortelha , and Dona Beatriz Coutinho, daughter of Dom Fernando Coutinho , Marshal of the Kingdom of Portugal. Losing his parents in infancy, he was brought up by his sister Filipa de Vilhena and her husband the Marquis of T vora . He was educated by the Franciscans of the monastery of Santa Margarida until 1542, when he went to finish his studies in the University of Coimbra , but he had been there little more than a year when he was received into the Society of Jesus by Fr. Miron, rector of the Jesuit college at Coimbra . He was appointed provincial of India in 1555. The appointment was approved by St. Ignatius Loyola a few months before his death. Gon alo s term of government in India lasted three years. He used to say that God had given him the great grace of unsuitability for government apparently basing this on a certain want of tact in dealing with human weakness. The new provincial Ant nio Quadros sent him to the unexplored mission field of south east Africa. Landing at Sofala on 11 March, 1560, Gon alo proceeded to Otongwe near Cape Correntes. There, during his stay of seven weeks, he instructed and baptized the Makaranga chief, Gamba and about 450 natives of his kraal . Towards the end of the year he started up the Zambezi River , on his expedition to the capital of the Monomotapa which appears to have been the N Pande kraal, close by the M Zingesi River , a southern tributary of the Zambezi. He arrived there on 26 December, 1560, and remained until his death. During this period he baptized the chief and a large number of his subjects. Some Arabs from Mozambique agitated against the missionaries, and Silveira was strangled in his hut by order of the chief. The expedition sent to avenge his deat ... more details
orphan date October 2010 Theresa Viglione was an Italians Italian and South African woman famous for saving the lives of many Voortrekkers in 1836 when she warned a group of them of an impending attack initiated by Zulu Kingdom Zulu king Dingane . She is immortalized on a frieze in a Voortrekker monument in Pretoria, South Africa Biography Born to an Italian family originally from Piedmont, Theresa Viglione moved to South Africa with her family in the early 19th century. Her family is believed to have belonged to the Valdese congregation, a Protestant church in western Piedmont, whose members were forced to flee Piedmont, South Africa Piedmont &mdash then part of the Sardinian Kingdom &mdash because of discrimination against Protestants by the local authorities. Background On February 6, 1838, a group of Voortrekkers and their servants went to negotiate with the Zulu king Dingane . The party was led by Piet Retief , an Afrikaner leader. The king received Retief and his group at his cattle kraal, and they began to discuss a treaty amending a previous treaty signed in January 1836. Initially he was obstructive about drawing up the treaty, but eventually he signed it. He invited the Voortrekkers to share some sourgbeer with him. The trekkers left their muskets outside, entered the kraal and sat at the King s feet. While beer was served the surrounding warriors began to dance and shout. The King leapt to his feet and yelled buladani abatagati Kill the wizards . The Voortrekkers were taken to be executed. They were impaled and their bodies left on a hillside to be eaten by wild animals, as was Dingane s custom with his enemies. Piet Retief was the last to be killed. Dingane gave orders for the Voortrekker laagers to be attacked, which would have plunged the migrant movement into disarray. The Zulus headed towards Natal to annihilate the rest of the Voortrekkers, who were encamped in the countryside watered by the rivers Bloukrans, Bushman and Mooi streams. Gerrit Maritz, ... more details
Infobox Belgium Municipality name Herent picture HerentTownHall.jpg picture legend Herent town hall map HerentLocatie.png map legend Location of Herent in Flemish Brabant arms Wapenschild herent.jpg flag region BE REG FLE community BE NL province BE PROV VB arrondissement Leuven administrative Arrondissement Leuven nis 24038 pyramid date 0 19 20 64 65 foreigners foreigners date mayor Willy Kuijpers Wij Groep majority Wij Groep, sp.a postal codes 3020 telephone area 016, 02 web http www.herent.be www.herent.be lat deg 50 lat min 54 lon deg 04 lon min 40 Herent is a municipality located in the Belgium Belgian province of Flemish Brabant . The municipality comprises the towns of Herent proper, Veltem Beisem and Winksele . On January 1, 2006 Herent had a total population of 19,218. The total area is 32.73 km which gives a population density of 587 inhabitants per km . The current mayor as of 2006 is Willy Kuypers . Schools Catholic Schools De Kraal & Pastoor De Clerckschool Municipal Schools Toverveld & De Bijenkorf Music performers Brabants Volksorkest Djemb groep Vanslagh Hagenkoor Strijdkoor Kontrarie Het vrijwilligerskoor Koninklijke Harmonie van Herent Koninklijke Muziekvereniging St Laurentius Zangkoor Onze Lieve Vrouw Zangvereniging Sint Cecilia References reflist External links http www.herent.be Official website Available only in Dutch language Dutch clearleft File 9009herentChurch.jpg thumb none 250px Church in the centre of Herent File Veltem Beisem.JPG thumb none 250px Aerial view of Veltem Beisem clearleft Flemish Brabant Category Municipalities of Flemish Brabant FlemishBrabant geo stub bg br Herent ca Herent de Herent eo Herent fa fr Herent it Herent nl Herent Vlaams Brabant pt Herent ro Herent simple Herent sk Herent sv Herent vi Herent vo Herent war Herent zh ... more details
italic title Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox name Leadwood tree regnum Plant ae divisio Magnoliophyta classis Magnoliopsida ordo Myrtales familia Combretaceae genus Combretum species C. imberbe binomial Combretum imberbe binomial authority Heinrich Wawra von Fernsee Wawra File Combretum imberbe00.jpg thumb center Bark The semi deciduous Leadwood tree Combretum imberbe Wawra is found from KwaZulu Natal Province of South Africa in the south to Tanzania in the north. It normally grows up to 20 metres 66 feet tall. The Leadwood tree has a spreading, rather sparse, roundish to slightly umbrella shaped crown and a single, thick trunk, with distinctive bark breaking up into fairly regular rectangular blocks. Radiocarbon dating , done in South Africa, has established that a Leadwood tree can live up to 1040 70 years and subsequently remain standing for years after the tree has died. Uses The wood is very hard, difficult to work, and termite resistant. It was once used for Rail tracks railway sleepers and is now prized as wood for ornamental work and furniture. It burns very slowly with intense heat, and is often used for a fire which is intended to burn all night in order to keep wild animals at bay. It is sometimes used in a barbecue to provide a hot, long lasting flame. The ashes are used as whitewash for painting walls of kraal huts. The ashes can also be used as toothpaste when mixed into a paste with water The Herero people Herero s and the Ovambo people Ovambo s of Namibia regard the Leadwood tree as the great ancestor of all animals and people and they never pass it without paying it the necessary respect. See also List of Southern African indigenous trees References cite web title Combretum imberbe work PlantzAfrika url http www.plantzafrica.com plantcd combretimb.htm accessdate 2010 01 23 DEFAULTSORT Combretum Imberbe Category Combretum imberbe Category Trees of South Africa Category Protected Trees of South Africa Category Flora of Mozambique Category ... more details
Infobox South African town censuscode 50316 ref ref name census2001 http census.adrianfrith.com place 50316 Census 2001 Statistics for Main Place ref name Umzumbe settlement type image skyline imagesize image caption image map mapsize map caption image map1 mapsize1 map caption1 pushpin map pushpin label position pushpin map caption Location in KwaZulu Natal pushpin mapsize subdivision type Country subdivision name flag South Africa subdivision type1 Provinces of South Africa Province subdivision name1 KwaZulu Natal subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 government footnotes government type leader party leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 elevation m population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 timezone South Africa Standard Time SAST utc offset 2 coordinates display display inline,title latd 30 latm 37 lats longd 30 longm 33 longs postal code type Postal code postal code area code website footnotes Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Umzumbe is a seaside resort situated at the mouth of the Mzumbe River bad kraal in KwaZulu Natal , South Africa . The name of the river is derived from a band of Hlongwa cannibal s who occupied the valley. The Hlongwa was almost wiped out by the Zulu Kingdom Zulu king Shaka in 1828. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Umzumbe, Kwazulu Natal Category Populated places in the Ugu District Municipality KwaZuluNatal geo stub af Umzumbe de Umzumbe ... more details
Witch smellers , almost always women, were important and powerful people amongst the Zulu people Zulu and other Bantu languages Bantu speaking peoples of Southern Africa , responsible for rooting out evil witches in the area, and sometimes responsible for considerable bloodshed themselves. In present day South Africa their role has waned and their activities are illegal. If it was determined that some misfortune which had befallen the area had been caused by a witch , the chief summoned his people to a great meeting, in which they all sat in a circle, sometimes for four or five days. The witch smellers then took their places in the center. The witch smellers wore extravagant costumes, usually including animal skins and feathered headdresses, and face paint. Their hair was heavily greased, twisted in complicated designs, and frequently dyed bright red. They often carried assegai s and shield s, and also a quagga tail switch, the symbol of their profession. Surrounded by a circle of women and girls who clapped their hands and droned a low, monotonous chant, the rhythm of which changed occasionally with the stamping of feet, the witch smellers proceeded to work themselves up into a frenzy. In this state, they spun, stalked and leapt, eventually touching one or more of the people with their switches, upon which the person was immediately dragged away and killed. All the living things in the accused witch s hut, human and animal, were also killed. Sometimes an entire kraal was exterminated in this way. A notable fictional account of witch smelling features in H. Rider Haggard s novel King Solomon s Mines , in which the loathsome and inhumanly ancient witch smeller Gagool is a principal villain. References Lewis Spence, The Encyclopedia of the Occult , Routledge, London, 1988 DEFAULTSORT Witch Smeller Category African witchcraft Category Bantu Category Witch hunting Category Zulu culture ... more details
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