Father Knows Least may refer to Father Knows Least Everybody Loves Raymond Father Knows Least Everybody Loves Raymond , the episode of Everybody Loves Raymond Father Knows Least Dexter s Laboratory Father Knows Least Dexter s Laboratory , the episode of Dexter s Laboratory See also Father Knows Best disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
Linear least squares may mean Linear least squares mathematics , concerning the mathematics of the corresponding optimisation problem Linear regression , concerning the statistical context in which linear least squares sometimes arises. Special cases are Simple linear regression Ordinary least squares Weighted least squares Generalized least squares Numerical methods for linear least squares , aspects of computational statistics disambig Category Statistical terminology ... more details
In computer science, the term Least Frequently Used LFU refers to a cache algorithm for memory management. The expiration policy removes entities from the cache that are used the least. If the use frequency of each entity is the same, then they are expired by the Least Recently Used LRU algorithm. See also cache algorithm References reflist Category Memory management algorithms comp sci stub de Least frequently used ... more details
dablink For the song Path of Least Resistance by Modest Mouse, see Sad Sappy Sucker Image cartoon mountain pass symbolizing path of least resistance.gif thumb 250px Hikers choose the easy way to cross hills. unreferenced date November 2009 The path of least resistance describes the physical or metaphorical pathway that provides the least wiktionary resistance resistance to forward motion by a given object or entity, among a set of alternative paths. The concept is often used to describe why an object or entity takes a given path. In physics , the path of least resistance is always taken by objects moving through a system. For example, water flowing downhill follows the path of least resistance as it is pulled downward by gravity . Celestial body atmosphere Atmospheric disturbances storm s flow on the path of least resistance by flowing toward zones of low barometric pressure , where lower air density offers less impedance to the storm system than higher pressure zones. The path of least resistance is also used to describe certain human behaviors, although with much less specificity than in the strict physical sense. In these cases, resistance is often used as a metaphor for personal effort or confrontation a person taking the path of least resistance avoids these. In library science and technical writing, information is ideally arranged for users according to the Principle of least effort , or the path of least resistance . Recursive navigation systems are an example of this. Note The path of least resistance applies on a local, not global, reference. For example, water always flows downhill, regardless of whether briefly flowing uphill will help it gain a lower final altitude with certain exceptions such as superfluid s . In physics, this phenomenon allows the formation ... energy state. See also Calculus of variations Mountain pass theorem Principle of least action Principle of least effort Variational principle Gradient descent Natural lines of drift Category Calculus ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name At Least We Will Die Together Type studio Longtype Artist Allfader Cover Allfader.jpg Released October 9, 2006 Recorded 2005 Genre Death metal Length 53 11 Label Osmose Productions Producer Reviews Last album This album At Least We Will Die Together br 2006 Next album At Least We Will Die Together is the first full length album by Norway Norwegian death metal band Allfader . It was released in 2006 on Osmose . Track listing We Will Go This Blackened Heart Into Nothingness Hate Is My Creed Sanctimonious Born To Serve Hevnen One Thousand Days Of Poison Cursed Chemistry Category 2006 albums Category Allfader albums 2000s death metal album stub no At Least We Will Die Together ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In organic chemistry , the principle of least motion is the hypothesis that when multiple species with different nuclear structures could theoretically form as products of a given chemical reaction, the more likely to form tends to be the one requiring the least amount of change in nuclear structure or the smallest change in nuclear positions. ref name Hine 1977 Cite journal author Hine J title The principle of least nuclear motion journal Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry volume 15 issue pages 1 61 year 1977 pmid doi 10.1016 S0065 3160 08 60117 3 url ref See also Principle of least action References Reflist Category Organic chemistry Orgchem stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Least Successful Human Cannonball Type studio Artist Destruction band Destruction Cover The Least Successful Human Cannonball.jpg Released 1998 Genre Groove metal , Funk metal Length 44 26 Label Brain Butcher Producer Thomas Schnitzler Last album Them Not Me EP br 1995 This album The Least Successful Human Cannonball br 1998 Next album All Hell Breaks Loose album All Hell Breaks Loose br 2000 The Least Successful Human Cannonball is the fifth full length album by Destruction band Destruction . It was the final album made with Thomas Rosenmerkel on vocals, thus ending the Neo Destruction period. They released 3 albums with Rosenmerkel on vocals Destruction EP Destruction , Them Not Me EP Them Not Me and The Least Successful Human Cannonball , although these albums aren t part of the official discography. It incorporates some progressive rock elements as well as some groove funk metal influence. Track listing Formless, Faceless, Nameless 4 27 Tick on a Tree 5 00 263 Dead Popes 3 09 Cellar Soul 5 47 God gifted 4 30 Autoaggression 3 47 Hofffmannn s Helll 4 44 Brother of Cain 4 55 A Fake Transition 1 33 Continental Drift I 2 53 Continental Drift II 3 41 Credits Mike Sifringer Guitars Thomas Rosenmerkel Vocals Olly Kaiser Drums Michael Piranio Guitars Christian Engler Bass Destruction DEFAULTSORT Least Successful Human Cannonball, The Category Destruction albums Category 1998 albums 1990s thrash metal album stub fr The Least Successful Human Cannonball it The Least Successful Human Cannonball pl The Least Successfull Human Cannonball ... more details
Taxobox name Least Storm Petrel status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis bird Aves ordo Procellariiformes familia Hydrobatidae subfamilia Hydrobatinae genus Halocyptena genus authority Elliott Coues Coues , 1864 species H. microsoma binomial Halocyptena microsoma binomial authority Elliott Coues Coues , 1864 subdivision ranks Synonym subdivision Oceanodroma microsoma The Least Storm Petrel Halocyptena microsoma is a small seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae . It is 13 15 cm in length, with a wingspan of 32 cm. It is the smallest member of the order Procellariiformes . The species is the only member of the genus Halocyptena although it is sometimes included in the genus Oceanodroma . It breeds on islands off the Baja California peninsula Baja Peninsula and Gulf of California of Mexico in rock crevices or small burrows in soft earth and lays a single white egg biology egg . Like most petrels, its walking ability is limited to a short shuffle to the burrow. It is a colonial nester. It spends the rest of the year at sea, reaching ... food of the surface of the water while in flight. The Least Storm Petrel does suffer losses on some ... includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern,and the criteria used National ... Common&KEYWORDS least storm petrel&showwhat images&AGE All&SEX All&ACT All&Search Search&VIEW All&ORIENTATION All&RESULTS 24 Least Storm Petrel photo gallery VIREO http filin.vn.ua birds image gagara h.pelagicus1.jpg Least Storm Petrel photo http filin.vn.ua birds kachurka.htm Article Category Storm petrels Category Hydrobatinae Category Birds of Mexico Storm petrel, Least Category Birds of the Sea of Cortez Storm petrel, Least Category Birds of the United States Storm petrel, Least Category Birds of Central America Storm petrel, Least Category Birds of Colombia Storm petrel, Least Category Birds of Ecuador Storm petrel, Least Category Animals described in 1864 ca Oceanodroma microsoma ... more details
Least squares inference in phylogeny generates a phylogenetic tree based on an observed matrix of pairwise genetic distance s and optionally a weight matrix. The goal is to find a tree which satisfies the distance constraints as best as possible. Ordinary and weighted least squares The discrepancy between the observed pairwise distances math D ij math and the distances math T ij math over a phylogenetic tree i.e. the sum of the branch lengths in the path from leaf math i math to leaf math j math is measured by math S sum ij w ij D ij T ij 2 math where the weights math w ij math depend on the least squares method used. Least squares distance tree construction aims to find the tree topology and branch lengths with minimal S. This is a non trivial problem. It involves searching the discrete space of unrooted binary tree topologies whose size is exponential in the number of leaves. For n leaves there are 1 3 5 ... 2n 3 different topologies. Enumerating them is not feasible already for a small ... of S for a given topology which includes the computation of the branch lengths is a linear least ... distances, then all the weights math w ij math are set to one. This leads to an ordinary least squares estimate. In the weighted least squares case the errors are assumed to be independent or their correlations ... distances. Generalized least squares The ordinary and weighted least squares methods described above ... of generalized least squares, i.e. minimizing the following quantity math sum ij, kl w ij,kl D ij ... of the distance estimates. Computational Complexity Finding the tree and branch lengths minimizing the least ... tree, the optimal branch lengths can be determined in math O n 2 math time for ordinary least squares, math O n 3 math time for weighted least squares, and math O n 4 math time for generalised least ... content 15 10 1346.full.pdf Rapid Evaluation of Least Squares and Minimum Evolution Criteria ... an implementation of the weighted least squares method http paup.csit.fsu.edu PAUP , a similar package ... more details
The principle of least effort is a broad theory that covers diverse fields from evolutionary biology to web design webpage design . It postulates that animals, people, even well designed machines will naturally choose the path of least resistance or effort . It is closely related to many other similar principles see Principle of least action or other articles listed See also below . This is perhaps best known or at least documented among researchers in the field of library and information science . Their principle states that an information seeking client will tend to use the most convenient search method, in the least exacting mode available. Information seeking behavior stops as soon as minimally ... that find results. The principle of least effort is known as a deterministic description of human ... of least effort applies not only in the library context, but also to any information seeking activity .... The principle of least effort is analogous to the path of least resistance . History The principle ... of Least Effort An Introduction to Human Ecology , first published in 1949. He theorised that the distribution of word use was due to tendency to communicate efficiently with least effort and this theory is known as Zipf s Law . ref citation title Human behavior and the principle of least effort ... seeking, the principle of least effort was studied by Herbert Poole who wrote Theories of the Middle ... 6 isbn 9781573872300 year 2005 ref Librarian Thomas Mann lists the principle of least effort as one ... of least effort is exceptionally important when considering design for libraries and research ... access to electronic media in libraries. The principle of least effort was further explored in a study ... that the principle of least effort was the primary behavior model of most distance education distance .... Professional writers employ the principle of least effort during audience analysis . The writer analyzes ... in software design. See also Principle of least action Fermat s principle of least time Pareto ... more details
Taxobox name Central American Least Shrew image status DD status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2010.1 assessors Woodman, N. year 2008 id 136838 title Cryptotis orophila downloaded 2 June 2010 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Cryptotis species C. orophila binomial Cryptotis orophila binomial authority Joel Asaph Allen J.A. Allen , 1895 synonyms range map Central American Least Shrew area.png range map caption Central American Least Shrew range The Central American Least Shrew Cryptotis orophila is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae . It is found in the highlands and mid elevations from the western part of the northern coast of Honduras to central Costa Rica . It is found in El Salvador , Honduras , Nicaragua , and Costa Rica . It was considered to be a subspecies of North American Least Shrew C. parva until 2002. ref Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder. Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. Print. ref References reflist Soricomorpha S1. Category Cryptotis redtoothed shrew stub ca Cryptotis orophila es Cryptotis orophila eu Cryptotis orophila ... more details
Image Least significant bit.svg thumb 280px right The binary numeral system binary representation of decimal 149, with the lsb highlighted. The msb in an 8 bit binary number represents a value of 128 decimal. The lsb represents a value of 1. In computing , the least significant bit lsb is the bit position in a Binary numeral system binary integer giving the units value, that is, determining whether the number is even or odd. The lsb is sometimes referred to as the right most bit , due to the convention in positional notation of writing less significant digits further to the right. It is analogous to the least significant Numerical digit digit of a decimal integer, which is the digit in the ones right most position. http support.microsoft.com kb 130861 It is common to assign each bit a position number, ranging from zero to N 1, where N is the number of bits in the binary representation used. Normally, this is simply the exponent for the corresponding bit weight in base 2 such as in code 2 sup 31 sup ..2 sup 0 sup code . Although a few CPU manufacturers assign bit numbering bit numbers the opposite way which is not the same as different endianness , the term lsb of course remains unambiguous as an alias for the unit bit. By extension, the least significant bits plural are the bits of the number closest to, and including, the lsb. The least significant bits have the useful property of changing rapidly if the number changes even slightly. For example, if 1 binary 00000001 is added to 3 binary 00000011 , the result will be 4 binary 00000100 and three of the least significant bits ... 000 to 000 . Least significant bits are frequently employed in pseudorandom number generator s, hash function s and checksum s. Least significant byte LSB lsb can also stand for least significant ... of a multi byte number which has the least potential value. See also Most significant bit Binary ... bit et V hima kaaluga bitt es Bit menos significativo fr Bit de poids faible ko id Least significant ... more details
Moving least squares is a method of reconstructing continuous function s from a set mathematics set of unorganized point samples via the calculation of a weighted least squares measure mathematics measure biased towards the region around the point at which the reconstructed value is requested. In computer graphics , the moving least squares method is useful for reconstructing a surface from a set of points. Often it is used to create a 3D surface from a point cloud through either downsampling or upsampling . Definition Image Moving Least Squares2.png thumb 200px width 250 length 150 Here is a 2D example. The circles are the samples and the polygon is a linear interpolation. The blue curve is a smooth interpolation of order 3. Consider a function math f mathbb R n to mathbb R math and a set of sample points math S x i,f i f x i f i math where math x i in mathbb R n math and the math f i math s are real numbers. Then, the moving least square approximation of degree math m math at the point math x math is math tilde p x math where math tilde p math minimizes the weighted least square error math sum i in I p x f i 2 theta x x i math over all polynomials math p math of degree math m math in math mathbb R n math . math theta s math is the weight and it tends to zero as math s to infty math . In the example math theta s e s 2 math . See also Local regression Diffuse element method References Reflist http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0045794905000726 Moving least squares response surface approximation Formulation and metal forming applications Piotr Breitkopf Hakim Naceur Alain Rassineux Pierre Villon, Computers and Structures, Volume 83, 17 18, 2005. http www.springerlink.com ... to the Least Squares, Weighted Least Squares and Moving Least Squares Methods for Scattered ... 5718 98 00974 0.pdf THE APPROXIMATION POWER OF MOVING LEAST SQUARES Category Mathematical optimization Category Regression analysis Category Least squares mathapplied stub ... more details
Image William Least Heat Moon 04B.jpg thumb William Least Heat Moon 2008 William Least Heat Moon , the byname of William Lewis Trogdon born August 27, 1939 is an United States American travel literature travel writer of England English , Irish people Irish and Osage Nation ancestry. He is the author of a bestselling trilogy of topographical U.S. travel writing. Biography Trogdon s father said, I call myself Heat Moon, your elder brother is Little Heat Moon. You, coming last, therefore, are Least, providing him with his pen name. Born in Kansas City, Missouri , Least Heat Moon attended the University of Missouri where he joined Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He earned bachelor s, master s, and Ph.D. degrees in English, as well as a bachelor s degree in photojournalism . He also served as a professor ... bestseller list in 1982 83, is a chronicle of a three month long road trip that Least Heat Moon took ... Book Review commented that Least Heat Moon had gone from what feels like a lover of the road to a love hate of it, or at least an impatience with aspects that are unavoidable. ref name NYTBR Bibliography ... http wiredforbooks.org williamleast 1983, 1984, 1991 Real Audio interviews with William Least Heat Moon at Wired for Books.org by Don Swaim http www.onpointradio.org 2010 01 william least heat moon 2 1 January, 2010 interview with William Least Heat Moon by Tom Ashbrook for National Public Radio , On Point http www.booknotes.org Watch 154123 1 William Least Heat Moon.aspx Booknotes interview with Least Heat Moon on River Horse A Voyage Across America , January 16, 2000. http www.c spanvideo.org program Least In Depth interview with Least Heat Moon, August 7, 2005 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Heat Moon, William Least ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1939 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Heat Moon, William Least ... People from Columbia, Missouri ca William Least Heat Moon it William Least Heat Moon ... more details
Regression bar Least absolute deviations LAD , also known as Least Absolute Errors LAE , Least Absolute ... optimization technique similar to the popular least squares technique that attempts to find ... in the data . The least absolute deviations estimate also arises as the maximum likelihood estimate ... math S sum i 1 n y i f x i . math Contrasting Least Squares with Least Absolute Deviations The following is a table contrasting some properties of the method of least absolute deviations with those of the method of least squares for non singular problems . border 1 cellpadding 5 cellspacing 0 Least Squares Regression Least Absolute Deviations Regression rowspan 1 align center Not very ... solutions The method of least absolute deviations finds applications in many areas, due to its robustness compared to the least squares method. Least absolute deviations is robust in that it is resistant ... ignored. If it is important to pay attention to any and all outliers, the method of least squares is a better choice. The instability property of the method of least absolute deviations means ... this region of solutions, the least absolute deviations line has a slope that may differ greatly from that of the previous line. In contrast, the least squares solutions is stable in that, for any ... of least absolute deviations may produce multiple solutions, whereas the method of least squares always ... 73 choices.html Other properties There exist other unique properties of the least absolute deviations line. In the case of a set of x , y data, the least absolute deviations line will always pass through at least two of the data points, unless there are multiple solutions. If multiple solutions exist, then the region of valid least absolute deviations solutions will be bounded by at least two lines, each of which passes through at least two data points. More generally, if there are k Dependent and independent variables Alternative terminology in statistics regressors including the constant , then at least ... more details
Taxobox name Eurasian Least Shrew ref name msw3 MSW3 Hutterer pages 291 292 ref status lc status system iucn status ref ref name iucn IUCN2006 assessors Insectivore Specialist Group year 1996 id 29666 title Sorex minutissimus downloaded 12 May 2006 Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Soricomorpha familia Shrew Soricidae genus Sorex species S. minutissimus binomial Sorex minutissimus binomial authority Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann Zimmermann , 1780 range map Eurasian Least Shrew area.png range map caption Eurasian Least Shrew range The Eurasian Least Shrew Sorex minutissimus ... Shrew . Appearance The Eurasian Least Shrew weighs only 1.2 4 gram s and has a body less than 4 cm ... Least Shrew inhabits the northern taiga region, and is found throughout Siberia , in northern Europe ... Due to its small size and reclusive habits, the Eurasian Least Shrew can be difficult to spot. Like shrews in general, the Eurasian Least Shrew mainly eats insect s, but will also dine on carrion ... small size for a mammal , the Eurasian Least Shrew has an extremely high metabolic rate and must ... three to four times its own weight each day. The Eurasian Least Shrew is active around the clock, with occasional sleep periods of 10 50 minutes each. The Eurasian Least Shrew can aquatic locomotion ... Least Shrew a phenomenal climbing climber it has been observed climbing up even the smooth ... Least Shrew frequently emits sounds, much of its communication is in frequencies beyond the limits of human hearing . Breeding The female Eurasian Least Shrew has one or two litter animal litters ... of the Eurasian Least Shrew in the wild, but in captivity some have managed to reach an age of over 2.5 years. Identification The Eurasian Least Shrew may be mistaken for the slightly larger Eurasian ... species may be distinguished by the tail and feet of the Least Shrew being noticeably shorter in proportion ... more details
Taxobox name California Least Tern image California Least Tern.jpg status EN status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis bird Aves ordo Charadriiformes familia Sternidae genus Sterna species Sterna antillarum S. antillarum subspecies S. a. browni trinomial Sterna antillarum browni trinomial authority Edgar Alexander Mearns Mearns 1916 The California Least Tern , Sterna antillarum browni , is a subspecies of Least Tern that breeds primarily in bays of the Pacific Ocean within a very limited range of Southern California , in San Francisco Bay and in and extreme northern Mexico . This bird migration migratory bird is a U.S. federally listed endangered species endangered ... behavior Image lagoonbr.jpg thumb left Least terns and Snowy plover s nesting at Batiquitos ... Coast. The California Least Tern arrives at its breeding grounds in late April. Courtship typically ... File Banded juvenile California Least Tern.jpg thumb Juvenile preparing to receive food from parent The California Least Tern hunts primarily in shallow estuary estuaries and lagoon s, where smaller ... Owl s and American Kestrel s Collins, 1980 . Predation by domestic cats has been observed in at least one colony California Wildlife, 1990 . Relation to other least terns The California Least Tern is a subspecies of the Least Tern Sternula antillarum that breeds on the United States Atlantic ... race of Least Tern are approximately 23 centimeters in length. Both have conspicuous black ... pointing slightly downward. The Least Tern is itself often considered conspecific with the Little ... differs from Least Tern mainly in that its rump and tail are white, not grey, and it has a different ... 9 B. Massey, Breeding Biology of the California least tern , Proceedings Linn. Society, New York 72 ..., CA L. Collins and S. Bailey, California least tern nesting season at Naval Air Station Alameda ... ISBN 0 7136 4056 1 Category Birds of the United States California least tern Category Sternula ... more details
mergeto Completeness of the real numbers discuss Talk Least upper bound axiom Merger proposal date October 2010 The least upper bound axiom , also abbreviated as the LUB axiom , is an axiom of real analysis stating that the set R of real number s has the least upper bound property . That is, if a non empty set nonempty set mathematics set of real numbers has an upper bound , then it has a least upper bound . It is an axiom in the sense that it cannot be proven by the other real number axioms namely the order axiom, the field axioms, and the Archimedean axiom . This axiom is very useful since it is essential to the proof that the real number line is a complete space complete metric space . The rational number rational number line Q does not satisfy the LUB axiom and hence is incomplete. An example is the subset of rational numbers math S x in mathbf Q x 2 2 . math The number 5 is certainly an upper bound for the set. However, this set has no least upper bound in Q the LUB in this case is math sqrt 2 math which does not exist in Q and, for any upper bound x &isin Q , there is another upper bound y &isin Q with y x . Equivalent axioms There are a variety of axioms that are equivalent to the least upper bound axiom. Among these is the following axiom, known as the fundamental axiom of analysis by harvtxt K rner 2004 Every non decreasing sequence of real number s which is bounded sequence bounded above tends to a limit of a sequence limit . The fundamental axiom may be shown to be equivalent to the least upper bound axiom, meaning that assuming either one, it is possible to prove that the other holds as a theorem . The least upper bound axiom is also equivalent to the Bolzano Weierstrass theorem Every bounded sequence of real numbers has a convergent ... that the real numbers are the only complete Archimedean ordered field . The least upper bound .... Completeness then implies convergence of the sequence to the least upper bound of S . See ... more details
The principle of least constraint is another formulation of classical mechanics enunciated by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1829. The principle of least constraint is a least squares principle stating that the true motion of a mechanical system of math N math masses is the minimum of the quantity math Z stackrel mathrm def sum k 1 N m k left frac d 2 mathbf r k dt 2 frac mathbf F k m k right 2 math for all trajectories satisfying any imposed constraints, where math m k math , math mathbf r k math and math mathbf F k math represent the mass, position and applied forces of the math mathrm k th math mass. Gauss principle is equivalent to D Alembert s principle . The principle of least constraint is qualitatively similar to Hamilton s principle , which states that the true path taken by a mechanical system is an extremum of the action physics action . However, Gauss principle is a true local minimal principle, whereas the other is an extremal principle. Hertz s principle of least curvature Hertz s principle of least curvature is a special case of Gauss principle, restricted by the two conditions that there be no applied forces and that all masses are identical. Without loss of generality, the masses may be set equal to one. Under these conditions, Gauss minimized quantity can be written math Z sum k 1 N left frac d 2 mathbf r k dt 2 right 2 math The kinetic energy math T math is also conserved under these conditions math T stackrel mathrm def frac 1 2 sum k 1 N left frac d mathbf r k dt right 2 math Since the line element math ds 2 math in the math 3N math dimensional space of the coordinates is defined math ds 2 stackrel mathrm def sum k 1 N left d mathbf r k right 2 math the conservation ... of least curvature a geodesic that is consistent with the constraints. Hertz s principle is also a special case of Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi Jacobi s formulation of Maupertuis principle the least ... of least constraint http eom.springer.de H h047140.htm Hertz s principle of least curvature classicalmechanics ... more details
In order theory , a branch of mathematics , the least fixed point lfp or LFP of a function mathematics function is the fixed point mathematics fixed point which is less than or equal to all other fixed points, according to some partial order . For example, the least fixed point of the real function f x x sup 2 sup is x 0 with the usual order on the real numbers since the only other fixpoint is 1 and 0 < 1 . Many fixed point theorem s yield algorithms for locating the least fixed point. Least fixed points often have desirable properties that arbitrary fixed points do not. In mathematical logic and computer science , the least fixed point is related to making Recursion recursive definitions see domain theory and or denotational semantics for details . Immerman ref N. Immerman, Relational queries computable in polynomial time, Information and Control 68 1 3 1986 86 104. ref and Moshe Y. Vardi Vardi ref M. Y. Vardi, The complexity of relational query languages, in Proc. 14th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, 1982, pp. 137 146. ref independently showed the descriptive complexity result that the polynomial time computable properties of linearly ordered structures are de nable in LFP. However, LFP is too weak to express all polynomial time properties of unordered structures for instance that a structure has even size . Greatest fixed points Greatest fixed points can also be determined, but they are less commonly used than least fixed points. Notes reflist See also Fixed point mathematics Fixed point Kleene fixpoint theorem Knaster Tarski theorem References Immerman, Neil. Descriptive Complexity , 1999, Springer Verlag. Libkin, Leonid. Elements of Finite Model Theory , 2004, Springer. Category Order theory Category Fixed points mathematics ja zh mathlogic stub ... more details
Refimprove date July 2011 A Least squares conformal map LSCM is a Two dimensional 2 D representation of a Three dimensional space 3 D shape created using the Least Squares Conformal Mapping Method. By using the map as a guide when creating a new 2 D image, the colors of the 2 D image can be applied to the original 3 D model. LSCM is used in computer graphics as a method of producing a UV mapping UV map from a polygonal mesh to a texture map such that the shape of the polygons as mapped to the texture is relatively undistorted. See also Conformal map External links http www.blender.org download sandbox lscm basics LSCM Basics , Blender.org http alice.loria.fr index.php publications.html?Paper lscm 2002 Least Squares Conformal Maps for Automatic Texture Atlas Generation , ACM SIGGRAPH conference proceedings, 2002 Category Computer graphics data structures Compu graphics stub ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Least Soft furred Mouse status DD status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Muridae genus Praomys species P. minor binomial Praomys minor binomial authority Hatt, 1934 synonyms The Least Soft furred Mouse or Least Praomys Praomys minor is a species of rodent in the family Muridae . It is found only in Democratic Republic of the Congo . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest s. References MSW3 Muroidea id 13001686 page Van der Straeten, E. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 18116 all Praomys minor . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 19 July 2007. Murinae S. Category Old World rats and mice Praomys stub es Praomys minor eu Praomys minor it Praomys minor nl Praomys minor pt Praomys minor ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Least Dwarf Shrew image status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Suncus species S. infinitesimus binomial Suncus infinitesimus binomial authority Heller, 1912 synonyms range map Least Dwarf Shrew area.png range map caption Least Dwarf Shrew range The Least Dwarf Shrew Suncus infinitesimus is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Cameroon , Central African Republic , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Kenya , Nigeria , South Africa , Swaziland , Tanzania , and Uganda . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest s, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest s, temperate grassland , subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high altitude grassland, and arable land . References Hutterer, R., Baxter, R. & Kerbis Peterhans, J. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 41437 all Suncus infinitesimus . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 July 2007. Soricomorpha C2. Category Suncus whitetoothed shrew stub ca Musaranya nana africana es Suncus infinitesimus eu Suncus infinitesimus ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Least Horseshoe Bat image status LR lc status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Chiroptera familia Rhinolophidae genus Rhinolophus species R. pusillus binomial Rhinolophus pusillus binomial authority Coenraad Jacob Temminck Temminck , 1834 synonyms range map Least Horseshoe Bat area.png range map caption Least Horseshoe Bat range The Least Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus pusillus is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China , India , Indonesia , Laos , Malaysia , Myanmar , Nepal , Thailand and Vietnam . References Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 19561 all Rhinolophus pusillus . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 July 2007. See also list of mammals in Hong Kong Rhinolophidae Rhinolophidae stub Category Rhinolophus Category Biota of Hong Kong Category Fauna of Hong Kong Category Mammals of Nepal ca Ratpenat de ferradura pigmeu es Rhinolophus pusillus eu Rhinolophus pusillus ms Kelawar Ladam Terkecil zh yue zh ... more details
Least trimmed squares LTS , or least trimmed sum of squares , is a robust statistics robust statistical method that fits a function to a set of data whilst not being unduly affected by the presence of outlier s. It is one of a number of methods for robust regression . Description of method Instead of the standard least squares method, which minimises the Residual sum of squares sum of squared residuals over n points, the LTS method attempts to minimise the sum of squared residuals over a subset, k , of those points. The n k points which are not used do not influence the fit. In a standard least squares problem, the estimated parameter values, &beta , are defined to be those values that minimise the objective function, S &beta , of squared residuals math S sum i 1 n r i beta 2 math , where the errors and residuals in statistics residuals are defined as the differences between the values of the Dependent and independent variables dependent variables observations and the model values math r i beta y i f x i, beta , math and where n is the overall number of data points. For a least trimmed squares analysis, this objective function is replaced by one constructed in the following way. For a fixed value of &beta , let r sub j sub &beta denote the set of ordered absolute values of the residuals in increasing order of absolute value . In this notation, the standard sum of squares function is math S beta sum j 1 n r j beta 2, math while the objective function for LTS is math S k beta sum j 1 k r j beta 2. math Computational considerations Because this method is binary, in that points ..., P. J. 1984 Least Median of Squares Regression Journal of the American Statistical Association ... An algorithm for computing exact least trimmed squares estimate of simple linear regression with constraints .... Atkinson, A.C., Cheng, T. C. 1999 Computing least trimmed squares regression with the forward ... 2007 Least Trimmed Squares Estimator in the Errors in Variables Model , Journal of Applied Statistics ... more details
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