On Lisp Advanced Techniques for Common Lisp is a book by Paul Graham computer programmer Paul Graham on Macro computer science macro programming in Common Lisp . It is currently out of print ref http www.cliki.net On 20Lisp ref , but can be freely downloaded as a pdf. References reflist See also Anaphoric macro External links http www.paulgraham.com onlisp.html On Lisp home page Free versions of On Lisp http lib.store.yahoo.net lib paulgraham onlisp.pdf On Lisp in pdf format http www.bookshelf.jp texi onlisp onlisp.html On Lisp in multiple HTML files http unintelligible.org onlisp onlisp.html On Lisp in a single HTML file Common Lisp Category Common Lisp publications compu book stub ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Infobox programming language name Lisp StarLisp logo paradigm parallel ... implementations dialects influenced by Lisp programming language Lisp influenced operating system Connection Machine license website file ext The Lisp aka StarLisp programming language was conceived of in 1985 ... quickly. Waiting for the completion of CM Lisp , or Connection Machine Lisp an implementation of the very high level programming language Lisp programming language Lisp with parallel programming extensions was not an option. CM Lisp had been proposed by W. Daniel Hillis Danny Hillis , and development was expected to continue for several more years. Development A Lisp Interpreter computing interpreter was initially developed. It quickly became apparent that a Lisp compiler , translating Lisp into Lisp programming language Lisp and PARIS, would be needed to attain the gigaflop speeds that were theoretically attainable by a Connection Machine . The Lisp compiler was written by Jeff Mincy ..., 1988 A Lisp Simulator, an emulator meant to run Lisp code on standard, non parallel machines, was developed ... ref and was ported to American National Standards Institute ANSI Common Lisp in 2001. An older version written in the original Common Lisp , exists in the Carnegie Mellon University AI Archives. ref http www 2.cs.cmu.edu afs cs project ai repository ai lang lisp impl starlisp 0.html ref Later versions of Lisp, involving significant upgrades to its functionality and performance, were worked on by Cliff Lasser, Jeff Mincy and J. P. Massar through 1989. Lisp was implemented on the Thinking ... a set of Macro computer science macros written on top of Common Lisp , and therefore had the full power of Common Lisp behind it. To use a Connection Machine, one needed a host or front end . To use Lisp, that front end had to run Common Lisp. Symbolics machines using Genera OS and Sun Microsystems workstations running Lucid Inc. s Lucid Common Lisp were both used for Lisp. StarLisp operated ... more details
language Lisp programming language the Internet protocol Locator Identifier Separation Protocol Infobox disease Name Lisp ICD10 ICD10 F 80 8 f 80 ICD9 ICD9 307.9 A lisp is a speech impediment , historically ..., people with a lisp are unable to pronounce sibilant s like the sound IPAblink s , and replace them ... kinds of lisp. The result is that the speech is unclear. Interdental lisping is produced when the tip ... of the tongue just touches the front teeth. The lateral lisp, where the IPA s and IPA z sounds are produced with air escaping over the sides of the tongue, is also called slushy ess or a slushy lisp ... mayor of New York City New York , Rudolph Giuliani , has this type of lisp. ref cite web url http www.newyorker.com ... lisp, where the speaker attempts to make the sounds with the tongue in contact with the palate. ref name Bowen Cause of lisps The cause of a lisp can vary. In some instances, the cause is physiological , and the patient has some sort of deformity or medical condition which causes a lisp. For example, a child with swollen adenoids may tend to lisp, as will people who have recurring stuffy noses. Also, a lisp can be formed when the tongue is bruised or swollen. People with underbites and or large tongues or tongue piercings may also lisp. Treating lisps Treating lisps in children ... or involves a group, and the type of lisp that is being treated. One popular method of correcting articulation or lisp disorders is to isolate sounds and work on correcting the sound in isolation. The basic ... of the word initial, medial, or final . Take for example, correction of an S sound lisp . Most .... Another popular method for treating a lisp is using specially designed devices that go in the mouth .... This tactile feedback has been shown to correct lisp errors twice as fast as traditional therapy ... produced correctly? Do I need to correct? . A student with an articulation or lisp disorder has a deficiency ... lisp References http www.speechdisorder.co.uk Lisps.html http www.speech language therapy.com speech ... more details
Infobox software name Owl Lisp logo screenshot caption developer Aki Helin source model free software latest release version 0.1.3 latest release date release date 2011 09 15 operating system Unix like genre Programming language license MIT License website http code.google.com p owl lisp code.google.com p owl lisp Owl Lisp is a small, purely functional implementation of the Scheme programming language for Unix like systems. It implements an extended subset of R5RS Scheme but has been renamed as a Lisp programming language Lisp by its author mainly to avoid confusion. It is free software released under the MIT License . External links Portal Free software http code.google.com p owl lisp Owl Lisp home page Category Scheme interpreters Category Scheme implementations Software stub ... more details
PC LISP is an implementation of the Franz Lisp dialect for DOS by Peter Ashwood Smith. Version 2.11 was released on May 15, 1986. It can still be found on old abandonware and shareware download sites. Ashwood Smith says of his interpreter PC LISP is a small implementation of LISP for ANY MS DOS machine. While small, it is capable of running a pretty good subset of Franz LISP. ref from the distribution s readme file ref Note that the Franz LISP dialect was the immediate, portable successor to the ITS version of Maclisp and is perhaps the closest thing to the LISP in the Steven Levy book Hackers Heroes of the Computer Revolution Hackers as is practical to operate. PC LISP runs well in DOS emulators and on modern Windows versions. Because PC LISP implements Franz LISP, it is a dynamically scoped predecessor to modern Common Lisp . This is therefore an historically important implementation. Example Deleted image removed Image Pclisp.jpg thumb PC LISP 2.11 1986 session. The session is running the following code which demonstrates dynamic scoping in Franz LISP. Note that PC LISP does not implement the code let code special form that Emacs Lisp provides for local variables. Instead, all variables are what an ALGOL based language would call global . The first dialect of Lisp to incorporate ALGOL scoping rules called lexical scoping was Scheme programming language Scheme although the Common Lisp language also added this feature. pre Demonstration of dynamic scoping This is a global variable setq myglobal this is my global variable Another global variable setq yourglobal this is my global variable a function which prints the symbols defun dosomething mine yours princ Mine is princ mine princ n princ Yours is princ yours princ n override the symbols defun nolocals setq mine I have ... EDU M Z.LIP List of files which includes PCLISP.ZIP 62745 02 23 86 a near franz lisp with documentation Category Lisp programming language family Category Discontinued development tools ... more details
Lisp may refer to Lisp , a type of speech impediment. Lisp programming language , a family of computer programming languages. Locator Identifier Separation Protocol , a map and encapsulate Internet protocol. Lisp Machines Lisp Machines, Inc. , a company that built Lisp Machines out of MIT. disambig nl Lisp ... more details
primary sources date July 2009 Lisp Machine Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language , a direct descendant of Maclisp , and was initially developed in the mid to late 1970s as the systems programming language for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Lisp machine s. Lisp Machine Lisp was also the Lisp dialect with the most influence on the design of Common Lisp . Lisp Machine Lisp itself branched into 3 dialects. Symbolics named their variant ZetaLisp. Lisp Machines, Inc. and later Texas Instruments with the TI Explorer would share a common code base, but their dialect of Lisp Machine Lisp would differ from the version maintained at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT AI Lab by Richard Stallman and others. The Lisp Machine Manual also known as the Chinual describes the Lisp Machine Lisp language in detail. Some Lisp Machine Lisp features it supports Object oriented programming object oriented programming with Flavors programming language Flavors it has dynamic binding, but supports closures with a special construct integer numbers were read and printed in base 8 by default External links http common lisp.net project bknr static lmman frontpage.html Lisp Machine Manual, 6th Edition, January 1984, Hypertext Version http www.bitsavers.org pdf mit cadr chinual 3rdEd Mar81.pdf Lisp Machine Manual, 3rd Edition, March 1981 Category Lisp programming language family Category 1970s software compu lang stub fr Lisp Machine Lisp ... more details
Use dmy dates date November 2011 about the type of computer the company Lisp Machines Image LISP machine.jpg thumb A Knight machine preserved in MIT s museum. Lisp machines were general purpose computers designed usually through hardware support to efficiently run Lisp programming language Lisp as their main ... ref Newquist, HP. The Brain Makers , Sams Publishing, 1994. ISBN 0 672 30412 0 ref , Lisp machines ... innovations like CHAOSNet . Several companies were building and selling Lisp Machines in the 1980s Symbolics 3600, 3640, XL1200, MacIvory and other models , Lisp Machines Lisp Machines Incorporated ... Interlisp InterLisp D workstations . The operating systems were written in Lisp Machine Lisp , InterLisp Xerox and later partly in Common Lisp . History Historical context Artificial intelligence AI ... research were exacerbated by the Lisp symbolic programming language, when commercial hardware was designed ... of the Lisp programming language Lisp programming language . To keep the operating system ... Dan lispmachine.jpg frame The original Lisp machine built by Greenblatt and Knight deletable image ... of Technology MIT s AI Lab, started what would become the MIT Lisp Machine Project when they first began building a computer hardwired to run certain basic Lisp operations, rather than run them ... Lisp variables are typed at runtime rather than compile time, a simple addition of two variables could take five times as long on conventional hardware, due to test and branch instructions. Lisp ... bits was lengthened to 36 bits for Symbolics 3600 model Lisp machines ref cite web url http portal.acm.org ... which specifically supported Lisp subroutine functions , reducing the cost of calling a function to in some ... machine named after the list construction operator code cons code in Lisp . Often it was affectionately ... improved into a version called CADR a pun in Lisp, the code cAR and CDR cadr code function .... Commercialization of the MIT Lisp Machine technology Commented out because image was deleted Image ... more details
Object Lisp was a computer programming language , a dialect of the Lisp programming language Lisp language. It was an object oriented programming object oriented extension for the Lisp dialect Lisp Machine Lisp , designed by Lisp Machines , Inc. Object Lisp was also an early example of prototype based programming . It was seen as a competitor to other object oriented extensions to Lisp at around the same time such as Flavors programming language Flavors , in use by Symbolics , Common Objects developed by Hewlett Packard , and CommonLoops , in use by Xerox . Object Lisp was also used in early versions of Macintosh Common Lisp . There, the user interface toolkit was written using Object Lisp. References http groups.google.com groups?selm 13400015 40ccvaxa 14 December 1985 net.lang.lisp USENET post about the Common Lisp meeting in Boston, 9 11 December 1985, which discusses Object Lisp http lispm.dyndns.org documentation ObjectLisp Manual.pdf ObjectLISP User Manual , G. Drescher, LMI 1985 FOLDOC Category Object oriented programming languages Category Lisp programming language family prog lang stub ... more details
BBN LISP was a dialect of the Lisp programming language by BBN Technologies Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts . It was based on L. Peter Deutsch s implementation of Lisp for the PDP 1 called Basic PDP 1 LISP , which was developed from 1960 to 1964. Over time the language was expanded until it became its own separate dialect in 1966. BBN LISP is most notable for being the predecessor of Interlisp . Sources http www.softwarepreservation.org projects LISP interlisp family BBN LISP History of Lisp BBN Lisp Category Dynamically typed programming languages Category Functional languages Category Lisp programming language family fi BBN LISP ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE mod lisp mod lisp is an extension module for the Apache HTTP Server that enables Apache to interface with web applications written in Lisp programming language Lisp . This makes it possible to dynamically generate web pages and provide web services with Lisp programs. ref cite web title Creating Dynamic Websites with Lisp and Apache url http www.ymeme.com creating dynamic websites lisp apache.html publisher The Lambda Meme accessdate 2009 03 07 ref Unlike other mod languages, such as mod perl and mod python , mod lisp does not embed a Lisp interpreter in Apache. Its purpose is to handle requests by converting them into simple text format and sending them over a socket to a Lisp system, and then sending the Lisp system s response to a client. In this respect, it resembles FastCGI . ref cite web title mod lisp is not like mod otherlanguages url http xach.livejournal.com 144475.html publisher Zach s Journal accessdate 2009 03 07 ref The source BSD licenses FreeBSD style license , lisp examples and pre compiled binaries for FreeBSD , Linux and Win32 are available on the mod lisp web site. ref cite web url http www.cliki.net mod lisp title CLiki mod lisp ref References Reflist Web server interfaces Category Apache httpd modules Category Lisp programming language ... more details
In computer programming , Franz Lisp was a Lisp programming language Lisp system written at UC Berkeley ... on the popularity of the BSD package, Franz Lisp was probably the most widely distributed and used Lisp system of the 1970s and 1980s. ref It evolved into one of the most commonly available Lisp dialects on Unix machines. pg 60 294 of Gabriel 1985 ref It was written specifically to be a host ..., the first of many systems with pun names at UCB . Franz Lisp was available free of charge to educational ... . History At the time of Franz Lisp s creation, the Macsyma computer algebra system ran principally .... Attempted remedies included ports of Maclisp to Multics or Lisp machine Lisp Machines , but even ... available. Franz Lisp was the first example of a framework where large Lisp programming language Lisp programs could be run outside the Lisp machine Lisp Machine environment at the time, Macsyma was considered a very large program. After being ported to Franz Lisp, Macsyma was distributed to about ... that ran on Franz Lisp was called Vaxima. When Symbolics Symbolics Inc. bought the commercial rights to Macsyma from MIT to sell along with its Lisp Machines, it eventually was compelled to sell ... for the use of Franz Lisp. Other Lisp implementations for the VAX were MIT s NIL programming language NIL never completely functional , University of Utah s Portable Standard Lisp , DEC s VAX Lisp, Xerox s Interlisp VAX and Le Lisp . In 1982 the port of Franz Lisp to the Motorola 68000 processor ... a variant of BSD Berkeley UNIX called SunOS . In 1986, at Purdue University , Franz Lisp was ported ... . The major contributors to Franz Lisp at University of California, Berkeley UC Berkeley were John K. Foderaro, Keith Sklower and Kevin Layer. A company was formed to provide support for Franz Lisp ... Inc., development and research on Franz Lisp terminated. The first product of Franz Inc. was Franz Lisp running on various Motorola 68000 based workstations. However, almost immediately Franz Inc. began ... more details
S 1 Lisp was an Lisp programming language Lisp implementation written in Lisp for the 36 bit Pipeline computing pipelined S 1 Mark IIA supercomputer computer architecture , which has 32 megawords of RAM . References cite book last Gabriel first Richard P. title Performance and evaluation of Lisp systems publisher MIT Press Computer Systems Series url http www.dreamsongs.com NewFiles Timrep.pdf date May 1985 isbn 0 262 07093 6 LCCN 85 15161 xiv, 285 p. 23 cm. Cambridge, Mass. Category Lisp programming language Category Lisp programming language family compu lang stub ... more details
Infobox software name Le Lisp screenshot File Aida Le Lisp on Windows.jpg thumb 150px A da running on top of Le Lisp Windows version caption A da running on top of Le Lisp Windows version author INRIA released start date and age 1981 latest release version 15.26.8 latest release date start date and age 2009 01 04 operating system Windows, Linux, MacOS, Solaris, HP UX, AIX platform x86, Sparc, PowerPC, Mips, Alpha programming language C programming language C , LLM3, and Le Lisp genre Compiler , run time system runtime license Proprietary license website Le Lisp ref cite web url http hal.inria.fr docs 00 07 01 29 PDF RT 0027.pdf title LE LISP 80 version 12 year 1983 author J r me Chailloux publisher INRIA accessdate 16 March 2012 ref ref cite web url http hal.inria.fr docs 00 07 62 38 PDF RR 0319.pdf title Le Lisp,a portable and efficient Lisp system year 1984 author J. Chailloux, M. Devin, J.M. Hullot publisher INRIA accessdate 16 March 2012 ref ref cite book last Chailloux first J r me title Le Lisp de l INRIA Le Manuel de r f rence. Version 14 location Rocquencourt France publisher INRIA year 2001 pages 190 month Novembre ref is a Lisp programming language Lisp dialect. It was designed by J r me Chailloux and Emmanuel St. James of INRIA . References Reflist External links Eligis official website http www.eligis.com lelisp for x86 processors http www.softwarepreservation.org projects LISP le lisp Le Lisp at Computer History Museum s Software Preservation Group FOLDOC Category Lisp programming language family Category Lisp programming language compu lang stub ... more details
For Lisp 2, Lisp systems with separate function namespaces, see Lisp 1 vs. Lisp 2 LISP 2 was a programming language proposed in the 1960s as the successor to Lisp programming language Lisp . It had largely Lisp like semantics and ALGOL Algol 60 like syntax. Today it is mostly remembered for its syntax, but in fact it had many features beyond those of early Lisps. Early Lisps had many limitations, including limited data types and slow numerics. Its use of fully parenthesized notation was also considered a problem. The inventor of Lisp, John McCarthy computer scientist John McCarthy , expected these issues to be addressed in a later version, called notionally Lisp 2. Hence the name Lisp 1.5 for the successor to the earliest Lisp. ref McCarthy, 1979 ref Lisp 2 was a joint project of the System Development Corporation and Information International, Inc. , and was intended for IBM s AN FSQ 32 military computer. Development later shifted to the IBM System 360 Model 67 IBM 360 67 and the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 6 . The project was eventually abandoned. Bibliography Abrahams, Paul W., Barnett, J., et al. , The LISP 2 Programming Language and System Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference , 1966, pp. 661 676. Abrahams, Paul W., LISP 2 Specifications , Systems Development Corporation Technical report TM 3417 200 00, Santa Monica, Calif., 1967. John McCarthy, History of Lisp , 12 February 1979. http www formal.stanford.edu jmc history lisp lisp.html Mitchell, R.W., LISP 2 Specifications Proposal , Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo No. 21, Stanford, Calif., 1964. references Category Lisp programming language family compu lang stub ... more details
Spice Lisp is a Lisp programming language Lisp dialect and its implementation originally written by Carnegie Mellon University CMU s Spice Lisp Group which targeted the microcode of the 16 bit PERQ workstation and its Accent operating system it used that workstation s microcode abilities it provided microcodes for Pascal programming language Pascal , C programming language C , and Ada programming language Ada besides to implement a stack architecture to store its data structures as 32 bit objects and to enable runtime type checking . It would later be popular on other workstations. Spice Lisp evolved into CMUCL , a Common Lisp implementation. References cite book last Gabriel first Richard P. title Performance and evaluation of Lisp systems publisher MIT Press Computer Systems Series url http www.dreamsongs.com NewFiles Timrep.pdf date May 1985 isbn 978 0 262 07093 5 LCCN 85 15161 xiv, 285 p. 23 cm. Cambridge, Mass. FOLDOC http www.cons.org cmucl doc cmucl history.html CMUCL history Common Lisp Category Common Lisp implementations compu lang stub fr Spice Lisp ... more details
manual date April 2012 Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs ... language C as is the Lisp Interpreter computing interpreter itself . Users of Emacs commonly write Emacs Lisp code to customize and extend Emacs. Emacs Lisp can also function as a scripting language .... Its editing functions, such as buffers and movement commands, complement the features of Lisp and work in batch mode . Some people refer to Emacs Lisp as Elisp , at the risk of confusion with an older unrelated Lisp dialect with the same name. In terms of features, it is closely related to the Maclisp dialect, with some later influence from Common Lisp . ref GNU Emacs Lisp is largely inspired by Maclisp , and a little by Common Lisp. If you know Common Lisp, you will notice many similarities. However, many features of Common Lisp have been omitted or simplified in order to reduce the memory requirements of GNU Emacs. Sometimes the simplifications are so drastic that a Common Lisp user might be very confused. We will occasionally point out how GNU Emacs Lisp differs from Common Lisp. from the History section of the Introduction to the Emacs Lisp Manual, as of Emacs 21 ref It supports procedural programming imperative and functional programming methods. Richard Stallman chose Lisp as the extension .... Unlike Common Lisp, Scheme programming language Scheme existed at the time Stallman was rewriting ... to write the GNU Emacs. In doing this, I aimed to make the absolute minimal possible Lisp implementation ... I had to keep the program as small as possible. from http www.gnu.org gnu rms lisp.html My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs ref The Lisp dialect used in Emacs differs substantially from the more modern Common Lisp and Scheme programming language Scheme dialects commonly used for applications programming. For example Emacs Lisp uses dynamic rather than lexical scope programming ... within the caller. Other methods exist for customizing GNU Emacs apart from writing Emacs Lisp. Since ... more details
More footnotes date May 2011 Infobox programming language name Common Lisp family Lisp programming language Lisp paradigm Multi paradigm programming language Multi paradigm procedural programming procedural ... 1984, 1994 for ANSI Common Lisp designer developer ANSI X3J13 committee standard reference Common Lisp ... Common Lisp Allegro CL , Armed Bear Common Lisp ABCL , CLISP , Clozure CL , CMUCL , Corman Common Lisp , Embeddable Common Lisp ECL , GNU Common Lisp GCL , LispWorks , Movitz , Scieneer Common Lisp Scieneer CL , SBCL , Genera operating system Symbolics Common Lisp dialects CLtL1, CLtL2, ANSI Common Lisp influenced by Lisp programming language Lisp , Lisp Machine Lisp , MacLisp , Scheme programming language Scheme , InterLisp influenced Clojure , Dylan programming language Dylan , Emacs Lisp , EuLisp , Java programming language Java , ISLISP , Le Lisp , Cadence SKILL SKILL , Stella, SubL operating system Cross platform license website URL http common lisp.net Common Lisp CL is a dialect of the Lisp programming language Lisp programming language , published in American National Standards Institute ... From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived ref http www.lispworks.com documentation HyperSpec Front Help.htm Authorship Authorship of the Common Lisp HyperSpec ref for use with web browsers. Common Lisp was developed to standardize the divergent variants of Lisp though ... a language specification . Several Implementations implementations of the Common Lisp standard are available, including free and open source software and proprietary products. Common Lisp is a general ... or per function basis which type safety level is wanted, using optimize declarations. Common Lisp includes Common Lisp Object System CLOS , an object system that supports multimethods and method combinations. It is extensible through standard features such as Lisp Macro computer science macros ... to give special meaning to characters reserved for users for this purpose . Though Common Lisp ... more details
Infobox software name Acornsoft LISP logo File Acornsoft LISP logo Acorn Electron cartridge .png 125px screenshot File Acornsoft LISP screenshot BBC Micro .png 250px caption Screenshot BBC Model B, cassette ... elecgame list cassette.htm title LISP, Cassette Acornsoft Back and Inner Inlay publisher Acornsoft accessdate 2001 10 03 quote 1984 LISP Cassette , Acornsoft, 12.95 ref developer Acornsoft released ... accessdate 2010 10 03 quote LISP Disk Version Acornsoft 1982 ref , 1984 Acorn Electron ref name ELEC CASS INLAY frequently updated programming language MOS Technology 6502 6502 machine language , Lisp programming language Lisp platform BBC Micro , Acorn Electron language English language English , German ... german lc lisp.jpg title LISP German cover, Acorn Electron version quote Eine programmiersprache von Acornsoft language German publisher Acornsoft accessdate 2010 10 03 ref genre Lisp programming language Lisp interpreter license Proprietary software Proprietary website status Discontinued Acornsoft LISP marketed simply as LISP ref name Master Manual p12 cite web url http microcomputer.org.uk documents ... LISP an artificial intelligence problem solving language ref is a dialect and commercial implementation of the Lisp programming language Lisp programming language, released in the early 1980s for the 8 bit BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers. Description image Acornsoft LISP loading screen BBC Micro .png thumb left example.png Loading screen BBC Model B Acornsoft LISP was released on cassette ... rom Acorn lang LISP doc SBL14.zip title LISP ROM fitting instructions publisher Acornsoft quote Your LISP ROM may be placed in any spare sideways ROM socket. date 1983 accessdate 2010 10 03 ref ... with large scale LISP implementations, Acornsoft s variant only has a modest number of built ... LISP workspace image containing commonly used built in functions and constants is 3K in size ... MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM publisher Acornsoft accessdate 2010 10 03 quote Acornsoft LISP is a fast interactive ... more details
Lispkit Lisp is a lexical scoping lexically scoped , purely functional subset of Lisp programming language Lisp Pure Lisp developed as a testbed for functional programming concepts. It was first used for early experimentation with lazy evaluation . An SECD machine based implementation written in an ALGOL variant was published by the developer Peter Henderson in 1980. ref name henderson cite book last Henderson first Peter title Functional Programming Application and Implementation year 1980 publisher Prentice Hall isbn ISBN 0 13 331579 7 ref The compiler and virtual machine are highly porting portable and as a result have been implemented on many machines. Base language The base language provides the following functions only but extensions are discussed in Henderson s book ref name henderson for the explicit support of lazy evaluation and non deterministic programming . atom given an expression returns True if its value is atomic False if not. add given two expressions returns the sum of their numeric values. car given an expression whose value is a pair, returns the pair s first value. cdr given an expression whose value is a pair, returns the pair s second value. cons given two expressions returns a value pair consisting of their values. div given two expressions returns the dividend of their numeric values. eq given two expressions returns True if their values are equal False if not. if given three expressions returns the value of the second if the value of the first is True, otherwise returns the value of the third. lambda given an expression, returns that expression as an evaluable value. let given a list of named expressions, returns that list as a single evaluable value ... LKIT 2 Archive of old LispKit LISP code and files, plus C implementation of SECD machine http perun.pmf.uns.ac.rs radovanovic publications 2002 prim lisp.pdf Paper about a LispKit LISP implementation in Java Category Lisp programming language family zh Lispkit Lisp ... more details
about the company the type of computer Lisp machine Lisp Machines, Inc. was a company formed in 1979 or 1980? by Richard Greenblatt programmer Richard Greenblatt of MIT s MIT AI Lab Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to build Lisp machine s. It was based in Cambridge, Massachusetts . By 1979, the Lisp Machine Project at MIT, originated and headed by Greenblatt, had constructed over 30 CADR computers for various projects at MIT. It was evident that it was time for the project to move from a university research to a company setting. Russell Noftsker , who had formerly been administrator of the MIT Artificial Intelligence lab some years previously and who had since started and run a small company, was convinced that computers based on the artificial intelligence language LISP had a bright future ... venture fund backed company had a better chance of surviving and commercializing Lisp Machines ... language computer application, came to Greenblatt, seeking a Lisp machine for his group to work with. Eight ... and build the Lisp machines that Jacobson needed, was if he pushed and financially helped Greenblatt ... Wyle, for Greenblatt. The newfound company was named LISP Machine, Inc. LMI , and was funded mostly ... hacker s machine, the original Lisp Machine s. When Russell Noftsker suggested that they move on, and spread ... or technical information with other software developers. Decline Lisp Machines, Inc. sold its first LISP machines, designed at MIT, as the LMI CADR. After a series of internal battles, Symbolics began selling the Lisp machine CADR from the MIT Lab as the LM 2. Symbolics had been hindered by Noftsker ... http fare.tunes.org tmp emergent kmachine.htm title Lisp Machine Inc. K machine The Deffenbaugh, Marshall, Powell, Willison architecture as remembered by Joe Marshall ref LMI developed a new Lisp machine ..., Massachusetts Category Lisp programming language Category Lisp software companies Category Defunct companies based in Massachusetts de Lisp Machines fr Lisp Machines entreprise ... more details
Gay lisp is a stereotypical speech attribute associated with gay males in English speaking countries. ref name beyond cite web url http www.speech language therapy.com codemix.htm title Beyond Lisping Code Switching and Gay Speech Styles last1 Bowen first1 Caroline date 2002 accessdate January 19, 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.macalester.edu weekly 030102 myworld.html title Queering Multiculturalism last1 McKinstry first1 Oliver date March 1, 2002 work The Mac Weekly publisher Macalester College accessdate January 19, 2011 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060922162200 http www.macalester.edu weekly 030102 myworld.html archivedate September 22, 2006 ref ref http web.archive.org web 20070807015819 http ec.gayalliance.org articles 000645.shtml Examples of LGBT writing in which gay lisp used as a general term for the sound of gay male speech dead link date January 2011 ref The phenomenon of gay lisp and its study are poorly understood similar to other secondary external attributes or verbal and non verbal mannerisms of both gay and straight people. These attributes have proven difficult to define and quantify but seem somewhat independent of other variables in the phonology of the English language , such as Accent linguistics accent and Register linguistics register . The gay lisp stereotype has never been substantiated in an experimental study. ref Munson, B., & Zimmerman, L.J. 2006b . http www.tc.umn.edu munso005 MunsonAndZimmerman.pdf Perceptual Bias and the Myth of the Gay Lisp . Poster Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech Language Hearing Association ... the characteristic lisp involving sibilant s IPA s , IPA z , IPA , and the like with assibilation ... ref See also Portalbox LGBT Language Gaydar LGBT stereotypes Lisp Swish slang Lavender linguistics ... munso005 MackAndMunson LSA2008.pdf Implicit Processing, Social Stereotypes, and the Gay Lisp . Oral ... LGBT culture yes DEFAULTSORT Gay Lisp Category Human voice Category LGBT linguistics Category Sociolinguistics ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 15 Year nav 15 M1 year in topic NOTOC Year 15 Roman numerals XV was a common year starting on Tuesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Flaccus or, less frequently, year 768 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 15 for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Roman Empire Emona currently Ljubljana is founded by Legio XV Apollinaris . Germanicus fights a drawn battle with Arminius in the Teutoburg Forest . Germanicus captures Thusnelda , the wife of Arminius. ref Tacitus, The Annals s The Annals Tacitus Book 1 57 1.57 ref Legio XXI Rapax Legio XXI Rapax is stationed in Regensburg . In Rome , the selection of civil servant s passes from the people to the Roman Emperor Emperor and the Roman Senate Senate . Valerius Gratus is appointed Prefect of Iudaea . The river Tiber floods parts of Rome. ref Tacitus, The Annals s The Annals Tacitus Book 1 76 1.76 ref By topic Arts and sciences Biography of Augustus by Nicholas of Damascus ... prefect References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 15 Category 15 af 15 als 10er 15 am 15 . . . ar 15 an 15 arc 15 ast 15 az 15 bn bjn 15 be 15 be x old 15 bh bs 15 br 15 bg 15 ca 15 cv 15 cs 15 co 15 cy 15 da 15 de 15 et 15 el 15 es 15 eo 15 eu 15 fa fr 15 fy 15 ga 15 gd 15 gl 15 gan 15 ko 15 hy 15 hr 15. io 15 bpy id 15 ia 15 os 15 is 15 it 15 he 15 jv 15 ka 15 kk 15 sw 15 ht 15 almanak jilyen la 15 lv 15. gads lb 15 lt 15 m. lmo 15 hu 15 mk 15 mg 15 mr . . ms 15 nah 15 nl 15 new ja 15 nap 15 no 15 nn 15 oc 15 or uz 15 pi nds 15 pl 15 pt 15 ro 15 qu 15 ru 15 sah 15 sa sq 15 simple 15 sk 15 sl 15 srn 15 sr 15 sh 15 su 15 fi 15 sv 15 tl 15 tt 15 th . . 558 tr 15 tk 15 uk 15 ur 15 vec 15 vi 15 vo 15 war 15 yo 15 zh yue 15 zh 15 ... more details
refimprove date July 2011 div style float right width 310px margin left 12px Image Plus 15 sign and walkway Calgary.jpg thumb right 300px Facing north, 15 sign and covered walkway linking the TransCanada Tower, Calgary TransCanada Tower east and Fifth Avenue Place Calgary Fifth Avenue Place Image Calgary ... 15 network in downtown Calgary Image Plus15underconst.JPG thumb right 300px 15 under construction between Centennial Place Calgary Centennial Place and the Canterra Tower div The Plus 15 or 15 Skyway ... are approximately 15 feet approximately 4.5 metres above street level. Some Plus 15 skywalks ..., the 15 network has expanded to include 59 enclosed bridges connecting dozens of downtown Calgary buildings ... to nearby buildings, developers contribute to the Plus 15 Fund , managed by the city, used to finance ... Walking Plus 15.htm City of Calgary Plus 15 System ref Controversy Although there are currently ... . ref name city survey 15 User Survey , a City of Calgary study published in 1998 ref Street life is instead ... exists that similar cities without skywalk systems have greater downtown street life. Future of the 15 ... more pedestrian street traffic. The 15 system bridges are integral with the buildings they serve. City ... relaxing these bylaws. Presently, however, businesses and general public make extensive use of the 15 system a system that has served to enhance the flow of human traffic. The 15 system has and will likely continue to provide both economic and climatic benefits now and in the future. The 15 in popular culture The Plus 15 is one of the central plot elements in the film waydowntown Deliberately ..., will also link to the Plus 15 system. See also portal box Alberta Architecture Bridges ... List from http plus15.ca div External links http www.downtowncalgary.com imagedir plus 15 network map.pdf Plus 15 Network Map http www.plus15.ca Interactive Plus 15 Application http www.calgaryplus15.com 15 Map with iPhone app Calgary landmarks coord 51 2 50.047 N 114 4 8.191 W display title DEFAULTSORT ... more details
Kyoto Common Lisp KCL is an implementation of Common Lisp by T. Yuasa and M. Hagiya, written in C programming language C to run under Unix like operating systems. KCL is compiled to ANSI C . It conforms to Common Lisp as described in the 1984 first edition of Guy Steele s book Common Lisp the Language and is available under a licence agreement. KCL is notable in that it was implemented from scratch, outside of the standard committee, solely on the basis of the specification. It was one of the first Common Lisp implementations ever, and exposed a number of holes and mistakes in the specification that had gone unnoticed. Derived software Austin Kyoto Common Lisp AKCL is a collection of ports, bug fixes, and performance improvements to KCL made by William Schelter . AKCL has been ported to a range of Unix workstations. GNU Common Lisp GCL was derived from AKCL. It is available at http www.gnu.org software gcl . Embeddable Common Lisp ECL was also derived from KCL. It is available at http ecls.sourceforge.net . References FOLDOC Common Lisp Category Common Lisp implementations Category Common Lisp software ru Kyoto Common Lisp ... more details
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