Alliance of Peace and Progress Fighters of Afghanistan Itifaq e Mubarezan e Solh wa Taraqi ye Afghanistan , a political faction in Afghanistan led by Zaman Gul Dehati, which emerged out of a dissident faction within the Toilers Organisation of Afghanistan . The group joined the Union of Left Democratic Parties sometime around 1988 1989. The organisation spent most of the 1990s organised in exile. It established liaisons with the UN Special Mission to Afghanistan office in Kabul, and was invited to the 2001 Bonn conference. However, a shift in the UNSMA office resulted in the group being degraded to observers at the conference. When the other invitees of the Bonn conference formed the Council of Defenders of Peace and Democracy the following year, the Alliance remained outside of it, as the Alliance lacked an organisational base inside Afghanistan at the time. In January 2003, it joined, along with the CDPD and others, the National Front for Democracy in Afghanistan , founded in Islamabad . ref http www.kas.de db files dokumente 7 dokument dok pdf 9674 2.pdf ref References references Category Political parties in Afghanistan ... more details
In engraving , a counterproof is a print taken off from another just printed, which, by being passed through the printing press press , gives a copy in reverse, and of course in the same position as that of the plate from which the first was printed, the object being to enable the engraver to inspect the state of the plate. ref 1913 ref Counterproofing was used to produce the finest quality copperplate printing the second print consisted of delicate lines, and lacked the beveled impressions seen in the original print. ref http www.lindahall.org events exhib exhibit exhibits womenswork printing.shtml Counterproof . Women s Work Printing Techniques . Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering & Technology. 2005. Retrieved 2007 05 10. ref To counter prove is also to pass a design in black lead or red chalk through the press, after having moistened with a sponge both that and the paper on which the counterproof is to be taken. ref 1728 ref References references Category Engraving Category Printmaking printmaking stub ... more details
Image Nikon AF F 401.jpg thumb Nikon F 401. The Nikon F 401 N4004 in North America was a beginner s level, autofocus , 35mm , single lens reflex SLR film camera built by Nikon and introduced in 1987. The camera represented one of Nikon s first endeavours into consumer based autofocus, as a follow up to their first autofocus SLR in 1986, the Nikon F 501 known as the N2020 in North America . The camera lacked many of the advanced features that more seasoned amateurs and professionals required, but it was a harbinger of the future as it included a pronounced, built in grip as well as an integrated Through the lens metering TTL Flash that is now commonplace on all but the most high end SLR cameras. By the 1990s, the F 401 was part of a lineup of autofocus consumer SLRs that included the more expensive Nikon F 601 and Nikon F 801 . External links commonscat Nikon F 401 http www.lensinc.net manuals Nikon N4004sL.pdf F401 instruction manual Nikon 35mm Film SLR Cameras Category Nikon SLR cameras F401 Category Autofocus cameras camera stub de Nikon F 401 ... more details
otheruses2 Pointer orphan date July 2010 Pointer was a mobile phone network of Finland Finnish Posti ja telelaitos now TeliaSonera Finland for a short time on the 1980s. The technology was similar to usual cordless phone s, which could be used on Hotspot Wi Fi hotspot s around Finland, at least to make calls. Pointer phones lacked roaming capability. A sign on the wall would show the passers by that there was a Pointer hotspot available. There were hotspots on mail offices and there were probably plans to build more of them. When Pointer service was published, however, the Nordic Mobile Telephone NMT phones were beginning a rapid rise in popularity and displaced the Pointer before it had time to establish. There still exist some signs see picture showing that there was an availability of Pointer service, e.g., in Helsinki on a wall of a mail office on the Mechelininkatu street http maps.google.com maps?f q&hl en&geocode &q Helsinki, Finland&ie UTF8&t h&om 1&ll 60.184758,24.915619&spn 0.003633,0.006877&z 17&iwloc addr . Category Mobile radio telephone systems fi Pointer langaton puhelin ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 wikisource United States of America v. Sufyian Barhoumi On November 7, 2005, the United States charged Guantanamo captive Sufyian Barhoumi before a Guantanamo military commission military commission . ref name MilitaryCommissionCharges2005NovBarhoumi cite web url http www.defenselink.mil news Nov2005 d20051104Barhoumi.pdf title USA v. Barhoumi date November 7, 2005 accessdate 2007 02 27 publisher US Department of Defense ref In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld , in July 2006, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the George W. Bush Bush United States President Presidency lacked the United States Constitution constitutional authority to set up the military commissions. Only Congress had the authority to set up military commissions. Congress subsequently passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006 . But, as of September 2007, Barhoumi has not been re charged. References references Category Guantanamo Bay captives legal and administrative procedures ... more details
wikisource United States of America v. Jabran Said Bin Al Qahtani On November 7, 2005, the United States charged Guantanamo captive Jabran Said Bin Al Qahtani before a Guantanamo military commission military commission . ref name MilitaryCommissionCharges2005NovBarhoumi cite web url http www.defenselink.mil news Nov2005 d20051104Qahtani.pdf title United States of America v. Jabran Said Bin Al Qahtani date November 7, 2005 accessdate 2007 02 27 publisher US Department of Defense ref In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld , in July 2006, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the George W. Bush Bush United States President Presidency lacked the United States Constitution constitutional authority to set up the military commissions. Only Congress had the authority to set up military commissions. Congress subsequently passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006 . But, as of September 2007, al Qahtani has not been re charged. References references Category Guantanamo Bay captives legal and administrative procedures ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Forensic software engineering refers to the discipline of analyzing and sometimes reconstructing the functionality of software applications or services that have become defunct are no longer accompanied by, or previously lacked, documentation or for which the original engineer s are no longer available. Usually, forensic software engineering is performed with an interest in understanding the functionality and sometimes intent of software that has been abandoned by its creators, with an eye to correcting unexpected outcomes or determining whether to port, rebuild, replace, or retire a functional software instance. ref Johnson, Chris http www.dcs.gla.ac.uk johnson papers Safety Science forensic.html Forensic Software Engineering Are Software Failures Symptomatic of Systemic Problems? ref Is often required as a result of a corporate mergers or acquisitions, or during the migration transition from an old datacenter to a newer one. Reflist Category Engineering disciplines Category Forensic disciplines software eng stub ... more details
unreferenced date January 2009 Japanese name Fujiwara Nihongo Fujiwara no Kanefusa 1153 March 30, 1217 was 4th son of the Japanese regent Sessho and Kampaku Fujiwara no Tadamichi and Kaga , daughter of Fujiwara no Nakamitsu . His brothers were Fujiwara no Motozane Motozane regent , Fujiwara no Motofusa Motofusa regent , Fujiwara no Kanezane Kanezane regent , and Jien . He lacked political capacity, but he could finally became Daij Daijin after his brother Kanezane. Persondata NAME Fujiwara no Kanefusa ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Daij Daijin DATE OF BIRTH 1153 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH March 30, 1217 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Fujiwara no, Kanefusa Category 1153 births Category 1217 deaths Category Fujiwara clan Japan noble stub fr Fujiwara no Kanefusa ja ... more details
File Sanyo MBC 550 demo image.jpg thumb Original Sanyo MBC 550 demo written in BASIC at 27 9 1983. See full sourcecode of the demo http companje.nl projects Sanyo Sanyo Basic DEMO 27 9 1983.html The MBC 550 was a small and inexpensive personal computer in pizza box style, featuring an Intel 8088 microprocessor and running a version of MS DOS . It was the lowest cost of the early IBM PC compatible s http www.atarimagazines.com creative v10n9 12 Sanyo 555 small business.php and was produced by Sanyo . It had somewhat better video display possibilities than the average Color Graphics Adapter CGA card more possible colors , but it was not completely compatible with the IBM PC. It lacked a standard BIOS , having only a minimal 256 byte bootloader in ROM that accessed hardware directly to load a RAM based BIOS. http www.seasip.info VintagePC sanyo.html It was sold alongside the Sanyo MBC 555 which had two 5 drives instead of just one. Category Sanyo products computer stub ... more details
Taxobox name Asiadelphia fossil range Late Cretaceous Coniacian Campanian Fossil range 89.3 70.6 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia subclassis Theria unranked ordo Metatheria ordo Asiadelphia ordo authority Trofimov and Szalay, 1994 familia Asiatheriidae familia authority Trofimov and Szalay, 1994 Asiadelphia Asian oppsum is an order of Cretaceous Metatherian s. Different from the Ameridelphia , they lacked a prominent distolateral process on the scaphoid , and possessed a more slender fibula. The masseteric fossa is deeper in this group than the true Marsupial s. Further reading Zofia Kielan Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe Xi Luo, Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs Origins, Evolution, and Structure New York Columbia University Press, 2004 , 15, 451 452. Category Mammals Category Prehistoric mammals paleo mammal stub es Asiadelphia la Asiadelphia ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Saadeh v. Farouki , case citation 107 F.3d 52 United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit D.C. Cir. 1997 , was a legal case case decided in the D.C. Circuit that espoused a narrow reading of 28 U.S.C. 1332 a in order to limit federal diversity jurisdiction . Factual background Saadeh, a Greek citizen living in Maryland, sued Farouki, a Jordanian citizen with permanent resident status in Maryland, over an unpaid debt in federal court. The district court found for Saadeh, and Farouki appealed on the merits. Decision The court reversed the judgment, citing that the lower federal court lacked jurisdiction because of a lack of diversity. The court reasoned that 28 U.S.C. 1332 a was not intended to allow federal jurisdiction over a suit between two non citizens. ref Yeazell, C. Civil Procedure, 7th Edition. Apsen Publishers, New York, NY, 2008. ref References reflist Category Civil procedure Category Jurisdiction Category 1997 in United States case law ... more details
Merge Revival of the Hebrew language date May 2011 The war of languages Hebrew was a debate in Ottoman Palestine revolving around the language of instruction in the country s new Jewish schools. This language war was a cornerstone event in the history of the revival of the Hebrew language . In 1913, the German Jewish aid agency Deutscher Juden declared that the official language in the first technical high school established in Palestine would be German language German . This sparked a public outcry between those who supported the use of German and those who believed that Hebrew should be the language spoken by the Jewish people in their homeland. The issue was not just ideological Until then, Hebrew was primarily a liturgical language and lacked modern technical terms. ref http www.vosizneias.com 49624 2010 02 17 israel how german built the hebrew language How German built the Hebrew language ref See also Languages of Israel Education in Israel References reflist Category History of Israel Category Hebrew language he ro R zboiul limbilor yi ... more details
camera stub The Nikon S4 was a rangefinder camera produced by Nikon that was very similar to the Nikon S3 but had a slightly lower price. This was because it used a cloth shutter curtain rather than titanium blades and it lacked the self timer and motor drive contacts of the S3 ref http www.mir.com.my rb photography companies nikon htmls models htmls s2 s4.htm ref . In all other respects, the cameras were identical. The camera had a short production run from 1958 to 1960 which makes it quite rare compared to the other Nikon rangefinders. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.mir.com.my rb photography companies nikon htmls models htmls s2 s4.htm Nikon Rangefinder Cameras Category Nikon cameras S Category Rangefinder cameras ... more details
The C is a discontinued series of notebook computers from Sony introduced in September 2006 as the consumer alternative follow up to the then current Sony VAIO SZ series SZ series . Like the SZ, the C featured a 1280x800 16 10 widescreen 13.3 LCD screen, plus Core 2 Duo CPUs. As a consumer laptop, a variety of colours were offered, while compared with the SZ, the C series was heavier, and lacked the switchable graphics option, instead offering either lower power Intel GMA 950 or faster Nvidia GeForce 7400 graphics. A crocodile skin option was offered in Japan. The C series weighed 5.1 pounds 2.3kg. The C series was superseded by the Sony VAIO SR series SR series . External links http www.engadget.com 2006 09 27 sonys vaio n series of 13 3 inchers http www.sonyinsider.com 2009 04 07 exclusive vaio c series owner made crocodile style http www.notebookreview.com default.asp?newsID 3390&Review Sony VAIO C Vaio navbox Category VAIO laptops C ... more details
Labriola v. Pollard Group, Inc. , case citation 152 Wash.2d 828 2004 , was a legal case case decided by the Supreme Court of Washington that invalidated a modification of an employment contract for an at will employee which would have added a non compete clause non competition agreement because the modification lacked independent consideration . ref Labriola v. Pollard Group, Inc., 152 Wash.2d 828 ref The case serves as an example of when courts will strictly invoke the pre existing duty rule in the interests of justice, in this case to protect an at will employee. ref Ayres, I., and Speidel, R.E. Studies in Contract Law, Seventh Edition. Foundation Press, New York, NY 2008, p. 81 ref References reflist External links http caselaw.findlaw.com wa supreme court 1090272.html Full text of the opinion from Findlaw.com Category United States contract case law Category 2004 in United States case law Category Washington state state case law Category 2004 in Washington state ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 Ligenfelder v. Wainwright Brewing Co. , case citation 15 S.W. 844 1891 , was a legal case case decided by the Supreme Court of Missouri that held that forgoing a suit for damages for lack of performance on a contract does not constitute consideration for a modification of that contract. ref Ayres, I., and Speidel, R.E. Studies in Contract Law, Seventh Edition. Foundation Press, New York, NY 2008, p. 83 ref Decision The defendant had contracted to design and supervise the construction of a building for the plaintiff. The defendant refused to complete the project unless he was paid more money, and instead of suing for damages the plaintiff paid the money. The court struck down the modification of the contract because it lacked consideration. ref Ayres, p. 84 ref References reflist Category United States contract case law Category 1891 in United States case law Category Missouri state case law Category 1891 in Missouri ... more details
United States v. Moore , 486 F.2d 1139 D.C. Cir. 1973 , was a case decided by the D.C. Circuit that refused to recognize a common law affirmative defense of addiction in a criminal prosecution for the possession of heroin . ref Bonnie, R.J. et al. Criminal Law, Second Edition. Foundation Press, New York 2004, p. 587 ref Decision The defendant Moore was charged with the possession of heroin, and in his defense sought to introduce psychiatric testimony that because of his heroin Substance dependence addiction he lacked substantial capacity to conform his behavior to the standards of the criminal law. The court refused to recognize Moore s proposed common law defense of addiction because of difficulties in administration and inconsistency with the Model Penal Code . ref Bonnie, p. 590 ref A dissenting opinion by Judge J. Skelly Wright advocated for the recognition of the common law defense. ref Bonnie, p. 587 ref References reflist Category United States federal criminal case law Category 1973 in United States case law ... more details
Speciesbox species sulopensis fossil range fossil range Early Devonian display parents 3 authority Edwards et al . 1999 Grisellatheca was a genus of land plant with branching axes. ref name Boyce2008 cite doi 10.1666 0094 8373 2008 034 0179 HGWCTI 2.0.CO 2 ref It is known from charcoal ified Early Devonian deposits, its type locality being the Brown Clee Hill lagerstatten . ref name Glasspool2006 cite doi 10.1016 j.revpalbo.2006.03.021 ref Its Terahedraletes spores form permanent tetrads. ref name Edwards1999 cite doi 10.1111 j.1095 8339.1999.tb00515.x ref Its internal anatomy comprises banded tubes, but it lacked an external cuticle. ref name Edwards1999 cite doi 10.1111 j.1095 8339.1999.tb00515.x ref It shows some liverwort characters, and is hesitantly assigned to this group. ref name Edwards1999 cite doi 10.1111 j.1095 8339.1999.tb00515.x ref References reflist paleo stub plant stub Category Extinct plants ... more details
Multiple issues orphan August 2011 refimprove May 2011 A Wood Bicycle is a bicycle constructed either mostly, or entirely from wood . Vintage Wooden Bicycle File Wooden Ped. Bikes 2.jpg thumb Vintage wood bike The first bicycles recorded were known as Velocipede velocipedes . Velocipedes had two wheels, a place to sit, but lacked a Belt mechanical mechanical drive system . They were propelled by running while on the bike. The entire bicycle was constructed from wood. DIY and Modern Wood Bikes DIY A DIY wood bike is a bike that uses all of the essential components of a regular bicycle, but the frame has been replaced with wood, usually for show. Modern Modern wood bikes are made for performance. Built under the belief that wood is a better, more environmental, alternative to steel, aluminum, or carbon fiber. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.instructables.com id Bent Plywood Bicycle DIY Wood Bike cycling stub Category Bicycles ... more details
The Coalition of Ethiopian Democratic Forces abbreviated COEDF was a political coalition in Ethiopia , formed by former arch rivals MEISON and the Ethiopian People s Revolutionary Party during the final phase of the Derg regime. ref Merera Gudina. Ethiopia From Autocracy to Revolutionary Democracy, 1960s 2011 . Addis Ababa s.n. , 2011. p. 60 ref Marsa Yosef a key EPRP leader served as the chairman of COEDF. ref Uhlig, Siegbert. http books.google.com books?id X38lxaUjm1MC&pg PA433 Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 2 D Ha . Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 2005. pp. 433 ref During the transitional period after the fall of the Derg, TPLF and EPRDF excluded COEDF from the Council of Representatives. Notably COEDF lacked any military force of its own as a means of pressure. ref Merera Gudina. Ethiopia From Autocracy to Revolutionary Democracy, 1960s 2011 . Addis Ababa s.n. , 2011. p. 69 ref References reflist ethiopia stub Category Political parties in Ethiopia ... more details
In 1986, Constance Mellon , a professor of library science in North Carolina , USA, coined the term Library Anxiety . She published Library anxiety A grounded theory and its development in the College & Research Libraries journal and the term subsequently evolved into a widely accepted concept . At the time, the term was new but the phenomenon had long been observed by librarians. Mellon s landmark two year qualitative research study, which included 6,000 students at a Southern university in the United States, found that 75 to 85 per cent of the students described their initial response to library research in terms of fear . Mellon used the term library anxiety to describe the feelings of discomfort and fear a group of undergraduate English studies English composition students described when they were starting an information search that required using the academic library. The study revealed four primary reasons to explain feelings of LA. The students were intimidated by the size of the library, lacked knowledge about where everything was located, lacked knowledge about how to begin the research process and lacked knowledge about what to do. Mellon further discovered that these negative feelings often overwhelmed students to the point at which they could not function effectively in the library. It was found that the students had a feeling of inferiority when they compared their library skills to those of other students and these feelings of inadequacy were a source of shame that made them hesitant to ask library staff for help. Mellon alerted teacher faculty outside the library that these behaviours constituted problems that needed to be addressed. She likened library anxiety to mathematical anxiety and test anxiety . She suggested library anxiety should be recognised and the anxious person provided with experiences in which they could succeed. Mellon advocates the use of qualitative research as she reasoned it provided a deeper insight into information behaviour. S ... more details
, IMSLP closed itself voluntarily, amidst controversy that UE s demands lacked reasonable legal grounds ... Michael Geist wrote a column for the BBC which suggested UE s actions lacked reasonable legal ground ... maintained that UE s actions lacked legal justification, and reopened on June 30, 2008. See also ... more details
Context date October 2009 Surface caching is a computer graphics technique pioneered by John D. Carmack John Carmack , first used in the computer game Quake computer game Quake to apply lightmap s to level geometry. Carmack s technique was to combine lighting information with surface textures in texture space when primitives became visible at the appropriate mipmap level , exploiting temporal coherence for those calculations. As hardware capable of blended multi texture rendering and later pixel shaders became more commonplace, the technique became less common, being replaced with screenspace combination of lightmaps in rendering hardware. Surface caching contributed greatly to the visual quality of Quakes software rasterized 3d engine on Pentium compatible processor Pentium microprocessors, which lacked dedicated graphics instructions. Citation needed date April 2008 . Surface caching could be considered a precursor to the more recent megatexture technique in which lighting and surface decals and other procedural texture effects are combined for rich visuals devoid of un natural repeating artefacts. External links http www.bluesnews.com abrash chap68.shtml Quake s Lighting Model Surface Caching an in depth explanation by Michael Abrash Category 3D computer graphics Category Video game software videogame software stub ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Taxobox name Colpodea image Colpoda inflata.jpg image caption Colpoda inflata domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Ciliate Ciliophora classis Colpodea classis authority Eugene Small Small & Denis Lynn Lynn 1981 small subdivision ranks Typical orders subdivision Colpodida br Bursariomorphida br Cyrtolophosida br Bryophryida br Sorogenida br Bryometopida The Colpodea are a class of ciliates , of about 200 species common in freshwater and soil habitats. The body cilia are typically uniform, and are supported by dikinetids of characteristic structure, with cilia on both kinetosomes. The mouth may be apical or ventral, with more or less prominent associated polykinetids. Many are asymmetrical, the cells twisting sideways and then untwisting again prior to division, which often takes place within cysts. Colpoda , a kidney shaped ciliate common in organic rich conditions, is representative. Most ciliates placed here were originally considered advanced trichostome s, on the assumption that they lacked true oral cilia. However the Bursariomorphida, large carnivorous ciliates whose oral cavity forms a deep anterior pocket, were considered heterotrich s because of their prominent oral polykinetids. The modern class was first defined by Eugene Small Small & Denis Lynn Lynn in 1981, based mainly on the structure of the body kinetids. chromalveolate stub Alveolata Category Ciliates es Colpodea ... more details
for other people with the same name Edward Wynne chancellor Edward Wynne jurist Edward Wynne was Proprietary Governor of Ferryland colony from 1621 to 1626. Born in Wales , he was appointed by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore George Calvert later, Lord Baltimore to establish the colony , and in August 1621, he landed at Ferryland with 12 men. By November of that same year, the colonists had completed a large dwelling, and then by Christmas, had added a stone kitchen. In 1622, a second group of colonists led by Daniel Powell colonist Daniel Powell was sent to the colony, bringing the population to 32, including seven women. Within a few years, the colony had housing, a forge, a warehouse, sawmill and wharf. In 1623, the colony became the Province of Avalon when Calvert s grant was confirmed, growing to a population of 100 by 1625. Wynne was dismissed that year, probably because he lacked the skills to govern a colony of that size and because Calvert himself wanted to govern the colony directly. External links http www.heritage.nf.ca govhouse governors p06.html Government House The Governorship of Newfoundland and Labrador http www.biographi.ca 009004 119.01 e.php?&id nbr 588 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online NLLG DEFAULTSORT Wynne, Edward Category Newfoundland colonial leaders Canada viceroy stub fr Edward Wynne ... more details
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