1,3 oxathiolan 5 yl 1,2 dihydropyrimidin 2 one image Lamivudine Structural Formulea V.1.svg width 160 Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com monograph lamivudine MedlinePlus a696011 pregnancy AU ... see image description page at http en.wikipedia.org wiki Image Lamivudine.png for rationale Lamivudine ... names Zeffix , Heptovir , Epivir , and Epivir HBV . Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic ... positive hepatitis B and also improves histology staging of the liver. Long term use of lamivudine unfortunately leads to emergence of a resistant hepatitis B virus YMDD mutant. Despite this, lamivudine ... as Lamivudine was invented by Dr Bernard Belleau while at work at McGill University and Dr Paul Nguyen ... toxic concentrations resided in the enantiomer, now called Lamivudine. The Emory patents to lamivudine ... trial of Lamivudine monotherapy. Dr. Yung Chi Cheng of Yale University in collaboration with R.F. Schinazi and D.C. Liotta first reported the anti hepatitis B virus HBV activity of Lamivudine ... joint venture in 2009. Lamivudine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration FDA on November ... of action Lamivudine is an analog chemistry analogue of cytidine . It can inhibit both types .... Lamivudine is administered orally, and it is rapidly absorbed with a bio availability of over 80 . Some research suggests that lamivudine can cross the blood brain barrier . Lamivudine is often given in combination with zidovudine , with which it is highly synergistic. Lamivudine treatment has been shown to restore zidovudine sensitivity of previously resistant HIV. Lamivudine showed no evidence ... of the finding that continued lamivudine treatment causes the HIV viral load to rebound but at a much lower level, and that withdrawal of lamivudine results in a higher viral load rebound with rapid loss of the M184V mutation GSK therefore argued that there may be benefit in continuing lamivudine treatment ... study has suggested that there is no benefit to continuing lamivudine treatment in patients ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 448004176 Combo data type combo component1 Abacavir class1 Nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor component2 Lamivudine class2 Nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor Clinical data tradename MedlinePlus a696011 pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK POM legal US Rx only legal status routes of administration Oral Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix J05 ATC suffix AR02 PubChem 5273759 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank NIAID ChemDB 225604 Chemical data Abacavir lamivudine International Nonproprietary Name INNs is a combination drug for the treatment of HIV infection . It is marketed as Kivexa in most countries except for the United States, where it is branded as Epzicom . ref http www.viivhealthcare.com en products epzicom kivexa.aspx ViiV Healthcare Kivexa ref It is a fixed dose combination antiretroviral fixed dose combination of lamivudine 3TC, Epivir and abacavir ABC, Ziagen . Lamivudine and abacavir are both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor s NRTI . It was approved by the FDA on August 2, 2004. It is marketed by ViiV Healthcare . References Reflist HIVpharm Category Fixed dose combination antiretroviral antiinfective drug stub ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 399728371 Combo data type combo component1 Lamivudine class1 Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor component2 Zidovudine class2 Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor Clinical data tradename MedlinePlus a601066 pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK POM legal US Rx only legal status routes of administration Oral Identifiers CAS number ATC prefix J05 ATC suffix AR01 PubChem 160352 DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21106283 NIAID ChemDB 031479 Chemical data smiles C C1 C N C O NC1 O C H 2C C H N N N C H CO O2.N C1 N C O N C C1 C H 2O C H CO SC2 InChI 1 C10H13N5O4.C8H11N3O3S c1 5 3 15 10 18 12 9 5 17 8 2 6 13 14 11 7 4 16 19 8 9 5 1 2 11 8 13 10 5 6 4 15 7 3 12 14 6 h3,6 8,16H,2,4H2,1H3, H,12,17,18 1 2,6 7,12H,3 4H2, H2,9,10,13 t6 ,7 ,8 6 ,7 m01 s1 InChIKey LHCOVOKZWQYODM KGQACELYBO StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H13N5O4.C8H11N3O3S c1 5 3 15 10 18 12 9 5 17 8 2 6 13 14 11 7 4 16 19 8 9 5 1 2 11 8 13 10 5 6 4 15 7 3 12 14 6 h3,6 8,16H,2,4H2,1H3, H,12,17,18 1 2,6 7,12H,3 4H2, H2,9,10,13 t6 ,7 ,8 6 ,7 m01 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LHCOVOKZWQYODM KGQACELYSA N Lamivudine zidovudine International Nonproprietary Name INNs , trade name Combivir is a pharmaceutical treatment for HIV infection . It is a fixed dose combination antiretroviral fixed dose combination of two antiretroviral drug s, lamivudine also called 3TC, with the brand name Epivir and zidovudine also called AZT, with the brand name Retrovir . The combination of the two drugs has a stronger and more sustained effect than using either drug alone, and assists in reducing Polypharmacy pill burden and in aiding compliance with the antiretroviral drug therapy. Both lamivudine and zidovudine are reverse transcriptase inhibitor s, which block ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 8 sub H sub 11 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 3 sub S The molecular formula C sub 8 sub H sub 11 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 3 sub S molar mass 229.26 g mol may refer to Apricitabine Lamivudine MolFormDisambig ... more details
Fixed dose combinations of antiretroviral drug antiretrovirals are multiple antiretroviral drugs combined into a single pill, which helps reduce pill burden . They may combine different classes of antiretrovirals or contain only a single class. Licensed fixed dose combinations are shown in the table below. class wikitable Brand Name Drug Names International Nonproprietary Name INN Date of FDA Approval Company Combivir zidovudine lamivudine September 26, 1997 GlaxoSmithKline Trizivir abacavir zidovudine lamivudine November 15, 2000 GlaxoSmithKline Lopinavir Kaletra lopinavir ritonavir September 15, 2000 ref cite web url http www.fda.gov ForConsumers ByAudience ForPatientAdvocates HIVandAIDSActivities ucm124816.htm title FDA approval of new formulation of Kaletra date October 28, 2005 publisher FDA quote The original formulation was approved on September 15, 2000 ref Abbott Laboratories Epzicom in USA br Kivexa in Europe abacavir lamivudine August 2, 2004 GlaxoSmithKline Truvada emtricitabine tenofovir August 8, 2006 ref cite web url http www.fda.gov ForConsumers ByAudience ForPatientAdvocates HIVandAIDSActivities ucm124477.htm title Traditional approval of Viread and Truvada date March 8, 2006 publisher FDA quote VIREAD and TRUVADA had received accelerated approval on Oct. 26, 2001 and August 2, 2004, respectively ref Gilead Sciences Atripla efavirenz emtricitabine tenofovir July 12, 2006 ref cite web url http www.fda.gov ForConsumers ByAudience ForPatientAdvocates HIVandAIDSActivities ucm124444.htm title FDA approval of Atripla, 3 drug fixed dose combination antiretroviral date July 12, 2006 publisher FDA ref Gilead Sciences br Bristol Myers Squibb Complera rilpivirine emtricitabine tenofovir August 10, 2011 ref cite web url http www.fda.gov ForConsumers ByAudience ForPatientAdvocates HIVandAIDSActivities ucm267592.htm title Approval of Complera emtricitabine rilpivirine tenofovir DF fixed dose combination date August 10, 2011 publisher FDA ref Gilead Sciences br Jo ... more details
MedAbbrev Z A class wikitable sortable Sortable table scope col Abbreviation scope col Meaning diagnosis br Difference quotient change differential diagnosis the list of possible diagnoses, and the effort to narrow that list Fracture bone fracture NOF Fracture bone fracture to the neck of the femur big Unicode big R with crossed tail Medical prescription prescription psychiatry sigmoidoscopy x 12 x number of months x 40 x number of weeks of pregnancy x 52 x number of weeks x 7 x number of days 3TC lamivudine 5 FU 5 fluorouracil 5 HIAA 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5 HT 5 hydroxytryptamine, that is, serotonin 6MP 6 mercaptopurine MedAbbrev Z A Category Lists of medical abbreviations ... more details
lamivudine or adefovir , and less likely to cause resistance. ref name Lai1 cite journal author Lai CL, Leung N, Teo EK, et al. title A 1 year trial of telbivudine, lamivudine, and the combination ... cite journal author Lai CL, Gane E, Liaw YF, et al. title Telbivudine versus lamivudine in patients ... more details
This is a list of antiviral drug s. NOTOC compactTOC8 side yes top yes num yes A Abacavir anti HIV. NRTI drug. Ziagen ViiV Healthcare . In combination formulations Trizivir and Kivexa Epzicom Aciclovir anti HSV. Acyclovir Adefovir Amantadine Amprenavir Ampligen Arbidol Atazanavir Atripla fixed dose drug B Boceprevir C Cidofovir Combivir fixed dose drug D Darunavir Delavirdine Didanosine Docosanol E Edoxudine Efavirenz Emtricitabine Enfuvirtide Entecavir Entry inhibitors F Famciclovir Fixed dose combination antiretroviral Fomivirsen Fosamprenavir Foscarnet Fosfonet Fusion inhibitor G Ganciclovir I Ibacitabine Imunovir Idoxuridine Imiquimod Indinavir Inosine Integrase inhibitor Interferon type III Interferon type II Interferon type I Interferon L Lamivudine Lopinavir Loviride M Maraviroc Moroxydine Methisazone N Nelfinavir Nevirapine Nexavir Nucleoside analogues O Oseltamivir Tamiflu P Peginterferon alfa 2a Penciclovir Peramivir Pleconaril Podophyllotoxin Protease inhibitor pharmacology R Raltegravir Reverse transcriptase inhibitor Ribavirin Rimantadine Ritonavir Pyramidine S Saquinavir Stavudine Synergistic enhancer antiretroviral T Tea tree oil Tenofovir Tenofovir disoproxil Tipranavir Trifluridine Trizivir Tromantadine Truvada V Valaciclovir Valtrex Valganciclovir Vicriviroc Vidarabine Viramidine Z Zalcitabine Zanamivir Relenza Zidovudine Category Drug related lists Antiviral Category Antivirals ... more details
The term resistance mutation is most commonly used to describe point mutation s in virus gene s that allow the virus to become resistant to treatment with a particular antiviral drug . The term is now being seen with more frequency in bacteriology and parasitology . The term resistance mutation first appeared in the management of HIV , which was the first virus in which genome sequencing is routinely used to look for drug resistance. Nomenclature Resistance mutations are conventionally listed as a letter, number and letter. For example, the M184V mutation in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV confers resistance to the drugs lamivudine and emtricitabine. The letters stand for amino acid s and use the traditional one letter abbreviations. M stands for methionine , and V stands for valine 184 is the number of that amino acid position counting from the amino terminus of the protein. M184V means that the 184th amino acid of the protein is normally methionine, but that a mutation in the gene for that protein produces a form of the protein where that amino acid is substituted by valine instead. The form V184 is sometimes seen this means that the 184th amino acid of that protein is valine, but it gives no information as to whether that is a mutation or the normal state of affairs. The Greek capital letter delta indicates a deletion so M184 would mean that the 184th amino acid is usually methionine, but that this position is now missing. Alternatives are separated by slashes so, M184V I means either M184V, or M184I . References references Category Mutation Pharma stub Genetics stub virus stub ... more details
Image HBV genome.png right thumb 300px The genome organisation of HBV. The genes overlap. ORF P, in blue, encodes Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase is a hepatitis B viral protein . ref name pmid10051501 cite journal author Ono Nita SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, et al. title YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase influences on replication and lamivudine resistance A study by in vitro full length viral DNA transfection journal Hepatology volume 29 issue 3 pages 939 45 year 1999 month March pmid 10051501 doi 10.1002 hep.510290340 ref ref name pmid8903366 cite journal author Shaw T, Mok SS, Locarnini SA title Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by enantiomers of penciclovir triphosphate and metabolic basis for selective inhibition of HBV replication by penciclovir journal Hepatology volume 24 issue 5 pages 996 1002 year 1996 month November pmid 8903366 doi 10.1002 hep.510240504 ref It encodes a DNA polymerase . References reflist Viral proteins virus stub Category Viral proteins es Virus de la hepatitis B ADN polimerasa ... more details
Bernard Belleau , Post nominals country CAN OC FRSC March 15, 1925 &ndash September 4, 1989 was a Canada Canadian molecular pharmacologist best known for his role in the discovery of Lamivudine , a drug used in the treatment of HIV and Hepatitis B infection. Born in Montreal , Quebec , he gained his B.Sc. 1947 and M.Sc. 1948 from the Universit de Montr al and his PhD in 1950 at McGill University . During his time at the Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research he discovered Fujimoto Belleau reaction , which is named after him and George I. Fujimoto . ref cite journal title The Reaction of Methylmagnesium Iodide with 1 Hydroxy 3,4 dihydro 2 naphthyl butyric Acid Lactone author Bernard Belleau journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 73 issue 11 pages 5441 5443 year 1951 url doi 10.1021 ja01155a504 ref After various academic research postings in the U.S. and Canada he became Professor of Chemistry at the University of Ottawa in 1961. He moved to McGill University in 1971. Belleau worked in the 1960s and 1970s on research programs with Bristol Laboratories, one of which led to the non narcotic analgesic Butorphanol. Butorphanol was found to have over five times the potency of morphine with far fewer side effects. Butorphanol is often used to relieve post surgical pain and in the management of migraine headaches. In the mid 1980s he helped found what became the biotech company BioChem Pharma with colleagues Francesco Bellini and Gervais Dionne . The trio began work on the anti AIDS drug, 2,3 dideoxy 3 thiacytidine 3TC . Just prior to his death in 1989 he laid the foundations for Lamivudine s development, which was a significant advance in the fight against AIDS, and is credited with saving over 2 million lives. ref http www.scienceheroes.com index.php?option com content&view article&id 142 belleau aids&catid 60 belleau aids&Itemid 141 ref In 1981, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . In 1978, he was awarded the Quebec government s Prix Marie Victorin . In 197 ... more details
B lamivudine and adefovir . Entecavir was approved by the Food and Drug Administration U.S.FDA in March ..., and R. J. Colonno. Efficacies of entecavir against lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus replication ... and lamivudine for HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006. 354 1001 1010 ref ref Lai, C. L. et al. Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis ... Group. Entecavir for the treatment of lamivudine refractory, HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology ... more details
. It is very similar to lamivudine 3TC and cross resistance between the two is near universal. Citation ... infection may have to be used in combination to prevent the evolution of drug resistant strains. Lamivudine is also active against HBV virus and commercially available. Like emtricitabine, lamivudine ... features of chronic hepatitis B patients with YMDD mutation after lamivudine therapy journal J ... more details
300px Indication Licensee Lamivudine 3TC Lamivudine 140.2M Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV GlaxoSmithKline Lamivudine Zeffix Lamivudine 40.3M Chronic hepatitis B GlaxoSmithKline Locations The original ... more details
Image Liotta.png thumb Dennis Liotta at Emory University. Dennis Liotta is a Chemistry professor at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia , United States . Liotta s fields of research are organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry . Along with Dr. Raymond F. Schinazi and Dr. Woo Baeg Choi of Emory, he discovered Emtricitabine which is a breakthrough HIV drug the drug was sold to Gilead Sciences in July 2005 for USD 525 million and it is marketed under the name Emtriva . Currently Emtriva is part of drugs used by 94 of HIV positive patients in the United States. Liotta and Schinazi are also co inventors of the HIV drug lamivudine . Liotta obtained his PhD. degree at City University of New York and carried out postdoctoral research at Ohio State University after which he joined the Emory faculty in 1976. He was promoted to full professor in 1988 and currently holds the Samuel Candler Dobbs professorship at Emory. He is also the director of the Emory Institute for Drug Discovery. Earlier he has served as the chair of the chemistry department and Emory s vice president for research. Liotta has published over 200 research publications and holds over 50 US patents. Currently he is also the Editor In Chief of the ACS journal Medicinal Chemistry Letters. References http www.news.emory.edu Releases emtri News of the release http www.chemistry.emory.edu faculty liotta.html Liotta s faculty page http eidd.emory.edu Emory Institute for Drug Discovery http ovariancancerinstitute.org Delta Sky Mag Bio 5.09.pdf About Emtriva Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Liotta, Dennis C. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Liotta, Dennis C. Category Gilead Sciences Category American chemists Liotta, Dennis Category Emory University faculty Category Living people US chemist stub ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 470618986 image Monoclonal antibody data type mab mab type source u target hepatitis B virus Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU pregnancy US pregnancy category legal AU legal CA legal UK legal US legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data chemical formula molecular weight Tuvirumab is a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B . It has undergone Phase I clinical trials in 2001. ref cite journal pmid 11468726 year 2001 last1 Heijtink first1 RA last2 Van Nunen last3 Van Bergen last4 Ostberg last5 Osterhaus last6 De Man title Administration of a human monoclonal antibody TUVIRUMAB to chronic hepatitis B patients pre treated with lamivudine monitoring of serum TUVIRUMAB in immune complexes volume 64 issue 4 pages 427 34 journal Journal of medical virology doi 10.1002 jmv.1068 first2 AB first3 P first4 L first5 AD first6 RA ref ref cite journal pmid 11422784 year 2001 last1 Van Nunen first1 AB last2 Baumann last3 Manns last4 Reichen last5 Spengler last6 Marschner last7 De Man last8 International Study title Efficacy and safety of an intravenous monoclonal anti HBs in chronic hepatitis B patients volume 21 issue 3 pages 207 12 journal Liver doi 10.1034 j.1600 0676.2001.021003207.x first2 M first3 MP first4 J first5 U first6 JP first7 RA first8 Group ref References reflist Monoclonals for infectious disease and toxins Category Monoclonal antibodies antiinfective drug stub monoclonal antibody stub ... more details
two other marketed drugs when compared to those drugs with lamivudine , another NRTI. ref Avexa ... blood levels of triglycerides , and upper respiratory infection similar to those of lamivudine .... Drug resistance In vitro , apricitabine is effective against NRTI lamivudine and zidovudine ... more details
, lamivudine , abacavir and emtricitabine and the only nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor ... 0 align right Table 2 Comparison of chemical structures Zalcitabine and lamivudine align center valign style background efefef style background efefef Zalcitabine style background efefef Lamivudine ... 2 ,3 dideoxy 3 thiacytidine lamivudine, 3TC was discovered by Bernard Belleau . The history of lamivudine ... chemistry derivative s. Lamivudine was developed as the sulfur analogue of zalcitabine see table ... showed that both positive and negative enantiomers of BCH 189 had in vitro activity against HIV. Lamivudine ... homologue of lamivudine. The structural difference is the 5 fluoro modification of the base moiety of lamivudine. It is similar in many ways to lamivudine and is active against both HIV 1 and hepatitis ... text align center Image Lamivudine.svg 87px Chemical structure of Lamivudine br Lamivudine 2 ,3 Dideoxy ... causes a steric hindrance that can exclude certain drugs, for example lamivudine, from being incorporated ... is a deoxycytidine analogue. It is structurally related to lamivudine where the positions of the oxygen ... analogues, including zidovudine and lamivudine. ref name Otto 2004 Citation last1 Otto first1 ... more details
Infobox scientist name Mark Wainberg image filename only image size alt caption birth date birth date and age 1945 04 21 birth place death date death place residence citizenship nationality fields AIDS research workplaces alma mater McGill University br Columbia University doctoral advisor academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards Order of Canada OC , National Order of Quebec OQ signature filename only signature alt footnotes Mark A. Wainberg , Post nominals country CAN OC OQ FRSC born April 21, 1945 is a Canada Canadian AIDS researcher and activist. He is the Director of the McGill University AIDS Centre at the Montreal Jewish General Hospital and Professor of Medicine and of Microbiology at McGill University. His laboratory primarily studies HIV reverse transcriptase, and the molecular basis for drug resistance. ref http www.mcgill.ca microimm department associate adjunct prof wainberg McGill department site Accessed November 8, 2008 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref He received a B.Sc. from McGill University in 1966, a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1972, and did his post doctoral research at Hadassah Medical School of the Hebrew University . Accomplishments and honors Dr. Wainberg and his collaborators were the first to identify the antiviral capabilities of Lamivudine 3TC in 1989 and test the drug in patients. 3TC is also called Lamivudine . From 1998 to 2000, Dr. Wainberg was President of the International AIDS Society . He was Co Chair of the XVI International AIDS Conference, 2006 XVI International AIDS Conference and a past president of the Canadian Association for HIV Research . Dr. Wainberg is an Editor in Chief of the Journal of the International AIDS Society and Editor of Retrovirology journal . He is or has been an editor on publications including the Journal of Human Virology, the Journal of Leukocyte Biology, International Antiviral News, AIDS Patient C ... more details
Robert Yarchoan born 1950 is a medical researcher who played an important role in the development of the first effective drugs for AIDS . He is the Chief of the HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch in the National Cancer Institute NCI and also coordinates AIDS and AIDS malignancy research throughout the National Cancer Institute NCI as Director of the Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy OHAM . Education and career Dr. Yarchoan was raised in Oceanside, New York and graduated from Amherst College in 1971. He subsequently received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and completed an internship and residency in internal medicine at the University of Minnesota and a fellowship in Immunology in the Metabolism Branch of the National Cancer Institute NCI . After completing his training he joined the laboratory of Dr. Samuel Broder . In 1991 he was appointed to be a Section Chief of the Medicine Branch and in 1996 he named chief of the newly formed HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch. Dr. Yarchoan was also appointed to be the first director of the NCI Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy OHAM in 2007, which supervises all HIV AIDS and AIDS malignancy research within the NCI. Medical and Research Achievements Along with his colleagues Drs. Samuel Broder and Hiroaki Mitsuya in the National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute NCI , he co developed the first effective treatments for HIV AIDS. With his colleagues, he conducted the first clinical trials of zidovudine AZT , didanosine ddI , zalcitabine ddC , and lamivudine 3TC . These trials were the first to demonstrate that administration of anti retroviral drugs could reverse the declines in CD4 cells and immunologic impairment caused by human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection. The development of these drugs was a breakthrough in AIDS therapy, and zidovudine, didanosine, and lamivudine remain in widespread use and are included in the World Health Organization s WHO Model List of Essential Medicines Essential Drugs List , whic ... more details
acyclovir ACV , zidovudine AZT , didanosine ddI , zalcitabine ddC , lamivudine 3TC , stavudine d4T ... and lamivudine therapy. journal AIDS year 2008 volume 22 issue 11 pages 1374 6 pmid 18580619 doi ... year 2003 volume issue 35 pages 13 4 pmid 12647675 ref Lamivudine has reverse Chirality chemistry ... polymerase may not recognize it as a substrate. Lamivudine is not toxic to mitochondria in vivo . ref ... JW, Rademakers LH et al. title Effect of lamivudine on morphology and function of mitochondria in patients ... exhibited improved mitochondrial function when they switched to lamivudine combined with tenofovir ... Berg JW, Rademakers LH et al. title Effect of lamivudine on morphology and function of mitochondria ... from stavudine didanosine to tenofovir lamivudine a Staccato trial substudy. journal J Antimicrob ... more details
formulations Trizivir abacavir, zidovudine and lamivudine and Kivexa Epzicom abacavir and lamivudine ... SFGate.com ref Viral strains that are resistant to zidovudine AZT or lamivudine 3TC are generally ... antiretrovirals such as lamivudine , didanosine and zalcitabine . HIV strains that are resistant ... more details
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