Interventions infobox Name Laparotomy Image Scheme body cavities en.svg Caption Abdominal cavity ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 54.1 MeshID D007813 OtherCodes A laparotomy is a surgery surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity . It is also known as celiotomy . Terminology In diagnostic laparotomy most often referred to as an exploratory laparotomy and abbreviated Ex Lap , the nature of the disease is unknown, and laparotomy is deemed the best way to identify the cause. In therapeutic laparotomy, a cause has been identified e.g. peptic ulcer , colon cancer and laparotomy is required for its therapy. Usually, only exploratory laparotomy is considered a stand alone surgical operation. When a specific operation is already planned, laparotomy is considered merely the first step of the procedure. Spaces accessed Depending on incision placement, laparotomy may give access to any abdominal organ or space, and is the first step in any major diagnostic or therapeutic surgical procedure of these organs, which include the digestive tract the stomach , duodenum , jejunum , ileum and colon anatomy colon the liver , pancreas , gallbladder , and spleen the Urinary bladder bladder the female reproductive organs the uterus and ovary ovaries the retroperitoneal retroperitoneum the kidney s, the aorta , abdominal lymph node s the Vermiform appendix appendix Types of incisions File Liver..JPG thumb Laparotomy view into the upper abdomen ... for laparotomy is the midline incision , a vertical incision which follows the Linea alba abdomen linea ..., especially in trauma surgery . Midline incisions are particularly favoured in diagnostic laparotomy, as they allow wide access to most of the abdominal cavity. Other Other common laparotomy incisions ... be done either by a laparotomy or by a laparoscopic approach. References reflist External links http www.surgeryencyclopedia.com La Pa Laparotomy Exploratory.html Article about exploratory Laparotomy ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2010 Interventions infobox Name Exploratory laparotomy Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 54.11 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 An exploratory laparotomy ex lap is the standard of care in various blunt and penetrating trauma situations in which there may be multiple life threatening injuries, and in many diagnostic situations in which the operation is undertaken in search of a unifying cause for multiple signs and symptoms of disease. The trauma ex lap is the most comprehensive ex lap, usually undertaken after evidence of internal bleeding a positive Focused assessment with sonography for trauma FAST , Diagnostic peritoneal lavage DPL , or other overwhelming evidence for internal hemorrhage . A midline incision is carried down to the linea alba abdomen linea alba and the fascia is incised. The peritoneum is entered and any immediate, life threatening bleeding is identified and controlled. The lateral, superior, and anterior surfaces of the liver are packed with sponges, and the superior and lateral spaces around the spleen are similarly packed. The bowel is run from the ligament of Treitz to the terminal ileum . The gastrocolic ligament is incised and the lesser sac is explored, including the posterior stomach and the anterior pancreas . The surface of the spleen is examined for evidence of laceration and fracture. The liver is similarly examined. If necessary, Cattell maneuver Cattell and Mattox maneuver Mattox maneuvers may be performed to expose retroperitoneal structures. If the duodenum is at risk, a Kocher maneuver may be performed to examine the posterior duodenum and the head of the pancreas. The ex lap can lead immediately to a number of other procedures, including splenectomy , hepatic resection , repairs of the vena cava , repairs of the aorta , pericardial window, repairs of the iliac arteries or veins, distal pancreatectomy , enterotomy ... following an exploratory laparotomy, the abdomen may either be sutured closed primarily or may ... more details
unreferenced date June 2011 Enterotomy , by definition, is the surgical incision into an intestine. It may be a complication of an abdominal surgery including exploratory laparotomy laparotomies . Category Digestive system surgery Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
The suffix otomy is derived from the Greek language Greek suffix wiktionary , t mos , meaning cutting, sharp, or separate . Medical procedures Amniotomy Androtomy Bilateral cingulotomy Bronchotomy Clitoridotomy Coeliotomy Colostomy Cordotomy Escharotomy Episiotomy Fasciotomy Heller myotomy Hymenotomy Hysterotomy Laparotomy Lithotomy position Lobotomy Meatotomy Myotomy Osteotomy Phlebotomy Radial keratotomy Sphincterotomy Thoracotomy Thyrotomy Tracheotomy Trans orbital lobotomy Zootomy Other otomies Dichotomy False dichotomy Ousterhout s dichotomy Trichotomy Trichotomy property Ectomy, stomy, and otomy Category Science related lists L otomies Category Surgery id otomi ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A tuboplasty is a surgical operation to correct a fallopian tube obstruction or adhesion, to achieve a pregnancy in women with tubal infertility . Thus, it is a form of assisted reproductive technology . Techniques A number of surgical techniques are performed through either a laparotomy or laparoscopy approach. Techniques include the use of microsurgery , laser , electrocautery , hydrodissection , mechanical dissection , and use of surgical stents , hoods, adhesions barriers, and more. Results depend on the underlying pathology and the skill of the surgeon. Ectopic pregnancy is a complication after a tuboplasty. History Prior to the advent of in vitro fertilization IVF surgical correction was the usual approach for women with tubal infertility who wanted to get pregnant. However, since about 1990 IVF technology has increasingly supplanted tuboplasty as a treatment for tubal infertility. Category Gynecological surgery es Tuboplastia ... more details
Infobox Ligament Name Gastrocolic ligament Latin ligamentum gastrocolicum GraySubject 246 GrayPage 1151 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 From To System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492257 The gastrocolic ligament is a portion of the greater omentum that stretches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon . It forms part of the anterior wall of the lesser sac . Dividing the gastrocolic ligament provides access to the anterior pancreas and the posterior wall of the stomach . This is commonly done for Whipple procedure s, distal pancreatectomy , some forms of the Roux en Y gastric bypass , and exploratory laparotomy . Image GastrocolicLigament.svg thumb 250px The gastrocolic ligament and its relationships External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 37 07 01 03 Abdominal Cavity The Greater Omentum http anatomy.med.umich.edu gastrointestinal system stomach ans.html Description at umich.edu Gray s Peritoneum Category Abdomen ligament stub ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Hysterotomy Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 68.0 MeshID D020883 OtherCodes A hysterotomy is an incision in the uterus , commonly combined with a laparotomy during a caesarean section . Hysterotomies are also performed during fetal surgery . In fetal surgery, without inhibition of uterine contractions, premature labor is a complication that occurs in 100 of hysterotomy cases. ref cite pmid 9605070 http jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org cgi content full 115 5 1021 ref It can be inhibited by tocolytic s. ref cite journal author Sutton LN title Fetal surgery for neural tube defects journal Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol volume 22 issue 1 pages 175 88 year 2008 month February pmid 17714997 pmc 2293328 doi 10.1016 j.bpobgyn.2007.07.004 url ref See also Hysterotomy abortion Hysterectomy References Reflist Urogenital surgical and other procedures Ectomy, stomy, and otomy Category Gynecological surgery Treatment stub es Histerotomia fr Hyst rotomie io Histerotomio pt Histerotomia ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 MeshID D009291 OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 Narcotherapy is a form of therapy originating in China that disables the body or one part temporarily by drugs or acupuncture , which is usually used in Surgical operation surgical operations . History As early as the Spring and Autumn Period Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period Warring States periods 770 221 BC , some Chinese doctors had known and recorded the anaesthesia functions of some drugs. The doctor Hua Tuo of the Eastern Han Dynasty Eastern Han Dynasty , on the basis of carefully studying ancient books, went to the mountains and plains to collect herbs with anaesthesia function, such as Jimsonweed , which were made into narcotic drugs after being roasted and processed. File HuaTuo.jpg thumb 200px Hua Tuo One day, people, carried a seriously ill patient to Hua Tuo. He let the patient drink the drug then opened his abdominal cavity and cleared away his rotten intestines, completing the operation while the patient felt no pain. This operation was the earliest recorded large scale laparotomy both in China and in the world. Category Psychiatric treatments ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Adrenalectomy Image Adrenal Tumor.JPG Caption Adrenalectomy ICD10 ICD10PCS 0GB2 0 G B 2 ICD10PCS 0GB4 0 G B 4 for excision, BR ICD10PCS 0GT2 0 G T 2 ICD10PCS 0GT4 0 G T 4 for resection ICD9 ICD9proc 07.2 ICD9proc 07.3 MeshID D000315 OtherCodes Adrenalectomy is the surgical removal of one or both wiktionary bilateral bilateral adrenalectomy adrenal glands . It is usually advised for patients with tumors of the adrenal glands. The procedure can be performed using an open incision laparotomy or laparoscopic technique. After surgery If both adrenals are removed then a lifetime of steroid supplementation of cortisone and hydrocortisone is needed. The dose needs to be increased when in Stress biological stress . ref http web.archive.org web 20090429044105 http www.surgerydoor.co.uk medical conditions Indices A adrenalectomy.htm surgerydoor.co.uk Adrenalectomy ref References reflist External links http www.surgeryencyclopedia.com A Ce Adrenalectomy.html Surgery Encyclopedia Adrenalectomy http www.surgeryvideos.info 2011 06 adrenalectomy surgery videos.html Videos from the Adrenalectomy operation Endocrine system intervention Ectomy, stomy, and otomy Category Endocrine system Category Surgical oncology Category Surgical removal procedures oncology stub surgery stub pl Adrenalektomia ru ... more details
The Society of Elite Laparoscopic Surgeons is a non profit organization based in Chandler, Arizona Chandler, AZ , existing for the purpose of promoting access to minimally invasive surgery in the United States, and to lobby and promote the transition of the US medical system to adopt minimally invasive hysterectomy as standard of care. ref Society of Elite Laparoscopic Surgeons http www.elitesurg.org ref The organization is made up of member gynecologic surgeons, and holds annual meetings in various locales. The group received attention ref NBC News Report of Guinness World Record Uterus Removal http www.nbcchicago.com health women Uterus Removal Breaks the Record.html ref in December 2008, when members Richard Demir MD and Greg Marchand MD received a Guinness World Record for their successful removal of a 3200 gram uterus ref Two Kilo Club http www.twokiloclub.com ref without resorting to laparotomy cutting the patient open . ref Phoenix New Times Newspaper Reporting on The Society of Elite Laparoscopic Surgeons http blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com valleyfever 2008 12 tempe docs enter record books.php ref Notable members Richard Demir Greg Marchand Ornella Sizzi References reflist External links http www.guinnessworldrecords.com Guinness World Records DEFAULTSORT Society Of Elite Laparoscopic Surgeons Category American surgical organizations ... more details
Cleanup rewrite date April 2010 Infobox disease Name Pyogenic liver abscess Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 K75.0 ICD9 ICD9 572.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000261 eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 193182 MeshID D046290 A pyogenic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by bacteria. Etiology Biliary disease most common E.g. stones, cholangiocarcinoma Colonic disease E.g. diverticulitis , appendicitis , Crohn s disease Cryptogenic disease Pancreatitis Infection of blood Intra abdominal sepsis Infection of biliary system Traumatic introduction E.g. penetrating injury, iatrogenic radiofrequency ablation Common bacterial causes Streptococcus milleri E. coli Streptococcus fecalis Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Bacteroides Opportunistic Pathogens Staphylococcus Clinical features 1. Acute Abscess Fever Lethargy Discomfort in Right Upper Quadrant Of Abdomen Anorexia symptom Anorexia Enlarged and Tender Liver Pleural effusion 2. Chronic Abscess Fever Abdominal discomfort Enlarged Liver Diagnosis Blood CP No Leucocytosis Haemoglobin estimation anaemia Serum albumin levels Falls rapidly USG and CT Scanning Treatment 1. Antibiotics Penicillin s Aminoglycoside s Metronidazole Cephalosporin s 2.Percutaneous Drainage under USG or CT Control 3. Laparotomy in intraabdominal disease References Reflist EMedicine article 193182 Pyogenic hepatic abscesses Gastroenterology Category Hepatology health stub ... more details
laparotomy , it is now considered safe not to operate if the patient is stable. In that case ... initially presents and is unstable, exploratory laparotomy should be initiated to discover ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Hemoperitoneum Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 66 1 k 65 ICD9 ICD9 568.81 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006465 Hemoperitoneum sometimes also hematoperitoneum is the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity . The blood accumulates in the space between the inner lining of the abdominal wall and the internal abdominal organs. Hemoperitoneum is generally classified as a surgical emergency in most cases, urgent laparotomy is needed to identify and control the source of the bleeding. In selected cases, careful observation may be permissible. The abdominal cavity is highly distensible and may easily hold greater than five liters of blood, or more than the entire circulating blood volume for an average sized individual. Therefore, large scale or rapid blood loss into the abdomen will reliably induce hemorrhagic shock and may, untreated, rapidly lead to death. Causes Causes of hemoperitoneum include Penetrating trauma Blunt trauma, most commonly injuries to solid organs such as the liver and spleen . Vascular accidents, such as rupture of an Abdominal aortic aneurysm , Iliac Aneurysm, or Splenic Aneurysm. Bleeding due to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy or uterine rupture . Less commonly, bleeding due to a perforated gastric ulcer . Bleeding due to rupture of an intra abdominal neoplasm, e.g., Hepatoblastoma Disseminated intravascular coagulation Perforation of the colon Diagnosis Hemoperitoneum can be reliably diagnosed with the following examinations Focused assessment with sonography for trauma FAST Paracentesis or Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Computed tomography Diagnostic laparoscopy or exploratory laparotomy Treatment Classically, hemoperitoneum was an indication for emergency surgery to locate the source of bleeding. The method of control depends on the source of blood loss. Vascular bleeding, i.e. from a blood vessel, would be treated by clamping and ligation of the offending vessel, or repair of the vessel in th ... more details
File Pfannenstiel2.JPG thumb First description of Pfannenstiel s incision. Image C sec suture.jpg thumb right 200px A Pfannenstiel incision for a caesarian section closed with surgical staple s. The Anatomical terms of location superior aspect of mons pubis and pubic hair are seen at bottom of the image. A Pfannenstiel incision IPAc en icon f n n t i l is a type of Surgery surgical incision that allows access to the abdomen . Because the exposure is limited this incision should be used only when surgery is planned on the pelvic organs. ref http medind.nic.in jae t01 i2 jaet01i2p170.pdf ref The Pfannenstiel incision offers large view of central pelvis but limits exposure to the lateral pelvis and upper abdomen, factors that limit the usefulness of this incision for gynecologic cancer surgery. ref http emedicine.medscape.com article 271349 overview showall ref The surgeon cuts on a generally horizontal slightly curved line just above the pubic symphysis . This incision is commonly called the bikini line incision . Some common reasons for this surgical access are Obstetrics obstetric delivery and Hernia hernia repair . It is often used in preference to other incision types for the sake of aesthetics, because the scar will be hidden by the pubic hair. This is of great advantage for women who like to expose their lower abdomen. The incision does not distort the belly button and heals faster than the traditional vertical incision. Etymology of the name Although Pfannenstiel means panhandle in German, the name of the Pfannenstiel incision does not derive from the incision s shape or location. It derives instead from the surname of a German gynecologist, Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel 1862 1909 . ref cite book author Elsevier authorlink Elsevier title Dorland s Medical Dictionary Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary edition 30th ed publisher Elsevier date 2003 location Philadelphia isbn 978 0 7216 0146 5 ref See also Laparotomy Suprapubic incision References re ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 A Bogota bag is a sterile plastic bag used for closure of abdominal wounds ref cite journal author Rutherford EJ, Skeete DA, Brasel KJ title Management of the patient with an open abdomen techniques in temporary and definitive closure journal Curr Probl Surg volume 41 issue 10 pages 815 76 year 2004 month October pmid 15685140 doi 10.1067 j.cpsurg.2004.08.002 url ref . It is generally a sterilized, 3 litre genitourinary irrigation bag that is sewn to the skin or fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. Its use was first described by Oswaldo Borraez while a resident in Bogota, Colombia . Temporary abdominal closure techniques are used to postpone definite closure until predisposing factors causing pathologic elevation of intra abdominal pressure are resolved. These techniques include the Bogota bag, absorbable mesh, vacuum pack dressings, the Wittmann patch or velcro burr and the KCI VAC dressing. These temporary abdominal closure techniques are most commonly used in cases of abdominal compartment syndrome in which decompressive laparotomy is necessary to reduce intra abdominal pressure to restore system perfusion. Regardless of the technique used, they are characterized by a tension free closure. In addition, the Bogota bag acts as a hermetic barrier that avoids evisceration and loss of fluids. Another advantage to the Bogota bag, is that the abdominal contents can be visually inspected which is particularly useful in cases of ischemic bowel. The bogota bag can be used in cases of burst abdomen following laparotomies, especially those using a midline horizontal incision. Burst abdomen is usually charaterized by a serosanguinous pink discharge from the wound, 6 8 days after surgery One alternative to the Bogota bag temporarity abdominal closure is the artificial burr temporary abdominal closure a.k.a. Wittmann Patch Wittmann Patch . The artificial burr closure adds continuous tension on the fascial edges as a benefit to those of the Bogota ba ... more details
Wikify date January 2011 Richard Demir is a gynecologic surgeon who is currently Chief of Minimally Invasive Surgery at Tempe, St. Lukes Hospital in Tempe, Arizona. He is renowned for his pioneering work in the field of minimally invasive surgery and laparoscopic hysterectomy. Dr. Demir has authored many peer review publications, and is most famous for his work surrounding advancements in laparoscopic hysterectomy and vaginal surgery. In addition to multiple publications in minimally invasive surgery, Dr. Demir is a member of The Society of Elite Laparoscopic Surgeons . Dr. Demir received significant media attention when in 2007 he broke the Guinness World Record for the Largest Uterus ever removed, without resorting to laparotomy. ref name post cite news url http www.nypost.com seven 12072008 news weirdbuttrue weirdbuttrue.htm title New York Post Coverage of Richard Demir Breaking Guinness World Record first1 Kathianne last1 Boniello date 2008 12 07 ref He achieved this by performing a hysterectomy laparoscopically without cutting the patient open on a patient with a 3200 gram approx. 7 pound fibroid uterus. ref name nbcn Cite web url http www.nbcchicago.com health women Uterus Removal Breaks the Record.html title NBC Coverage of Richard Demir Breaking Guinness World Record ref ref name csun cite news url http mobile.suntimes.com suntimes db 9726 contentdetail.htm jsessionid 4F5B4BB270CDC34DFBAC181244D7FF23?contentguid V2xDvpYp&storycount 5&detailindex 2 title Chicago Sun Times News Article Reporting on Richard Demir MD s world record work Chicago Sun Times ref Dr. Demir makes his home and actively practices Obstetrics and Gynecology in Scottsdale, Arizona. References reflist External links http www.elitesurg.org The Society of Elite Laparoscopic Surgeons Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Demir, Richard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Demir, Richard Category American gy ... more details
Hinchey Classification is used to describe perforations of the Colon anatomy colon due to diverticulitis . Diverticulosis the presence of bowel diverticula is an essentially ubiquitous phenomenon. With age, all people develop out pouching of the bowel wall as pressure from the inside of the bowel pushes the mucosa outwards. The pouches occur where there is a gap between the muscle fibres of the bowel wall. Inflammation of these diverticula singular diverticulum is termed diverticulitis and occurs when the diveritcula become infected. This classically causes pain, bleeding and diarrhea. There are several complications that can arise from this inflammation and one of the more serious complications of this is perforation of the bowel. If the perforation is very small, it may be contained often referred to by surgeons as a localized perforation . However, if it is not contained it leads to faecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity faecal peritonitis which is often fatal. The Hinchey classification proposed by Hinchey et al . in 1978 ref Hinchey, E.J., Schaal, P.G. and Richard, G.K. Treatment of perforated diverticular disease of the colon. Advances in Surgery 12 85 109, 1978 ref classifies a colonic perforation due to diverticular disease. The classification is I IV Hinchey I localised abscess para colonic Hinchey II pelvic abscess Hinchey III purulent peritonitis the presence of pus in the abdominal cavity Hinchey IV feculent peritonitis. The Hinchey classification is useful as it guides surgeons as to how conservative they can be in emergency surgery. Recent studies have shown with anything up to a Hinchey III, a laparoscopic wash out is a safe procedure ref Toorenvliet, B.R., Swank, H., Schoones, J.W., Hamming, J.F. and Bemelman, W.A. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for perforated colonic diverticulitis a systematic review. Colorectal Disease 12 9 862 7, 2010 Sep ref , avoiding the need for a laparotomy and stoma medicine stoma formation. References Reflist Catego ... more details
for signs of bowel ischemia for 2 3 days, if no improvement, consult surgery for laparotomy sigmoid resection and primary anastamosis . Laparotomy Transduodenal Ladd s bands band of ladd is divided ... more details
stage as obtained by exploratory laparotomy surgery performed through an abdominal incision with splenectomy surgical removal of the spleen . Note exploratory laparotomy has fallen out of favor ... more details
and curettage , and laparotomy with uterine compression stitches or hysterectomy. Stage 3 bleeding ... tests, perform laparotomy, consider hysterectomy. A Cochrane Collaboration Cochrane review suggests ... more details
laparotomy or open surgery. ref name CarterBio Carter JE 2006 . Biography of Camran Nezhat ... an alternative to classical surgery laparotomy which required a large incision, between 12 ..., the most important difference was that, when compared to video laparoscopy, a laparotomy posed more ... and laparotomy for the treatment of Ectopic pregnancy publisher Laparoscopyhospital.com date ... myomectomy.html title A Review Study Comparing Myomectomy by Laparoscopy and Laparotomy publisher ... M, Mashiach S, Oelsner G. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the management of adnexal masses during ... analysis of the risk of pulmonary complications after laparotomy. Chest 99 923 927,1991. ref ref Nance ... removal of fibroids , could only be done via laparotomy. Some of these conditions, such as endometriosis ... mild pathologies. In these cases, the surgical intervention of a laparotomy was considered to be more ... 20 20Laparoscopy 20versus 20Laparotomy.html title Myomectomy Laparoscopic Versus Laparotomy publisher ... , bowel, bladder, and ureter resections and reaanastomoses, etc., were also only possible via laparotomy ... more details
The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen . Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ see stomach , kidney , liver , etc. Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally under their own names e.g. appendicitis . Types The most common abdominal surgeries are described below. Inguinal hernia surgery This refers to the repair of an inguinal hernia . Exploratory laparotomy This refers to the opening of the abdominal cavity for direct examination of its contents, for example, to locate a source of bleeding or Physical trauma trauma . It may or may not be followed by repair or removal of the primary problem. Appendectomy Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity and removal of the vermiform appendix appendix . Typically performed as definitive treatment for appendicitis, although sometimes the appendix is prophylactically removed incidental to another abdominal procedure. Laparoscopy A minimally invasive approach to abdominal surgery where rigid tubes are inserted through small incisions into the abdominal cavity. The tubes allow introduction of a small camera, surgical instruments, and gases into the cavity for direct or indirect visualization and treatment of the abdomen. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas to facilitate visualization and, often, a small video camera is used to show the procedure on a monitor in the operating room. The surgeon manipulates instruments within the abdominal cavity to perform procedures such as cholecystectomy gallbladder removal , the most common laparoscopic procedure. The laparoscopic method speeds recovery time and reduces blood loss and infection as compared to the traditional open cholecystectomy . Complications Complications of abdominal surgery include hemorrhage bleeding , infection , post surgical Adhesion medicine adhesions Shock circulatory shock , and ileus , or more commonly Paralytic ... more details
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