Infobox disease Name Legionellosis Image Caption DiseasesDB 7366 ICD10 ICD10 A 48 1 a 30 , ICD10 A 48 2 a 30 ICD9 ICD9 482.84 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000616 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1273 MeshID D007876 Legionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by gram negative bacteria gram negative , aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella . ref name Sherris cite book author Ryan KJ, Ray CG editors title Sherris Medical Microbiology edition 4th publisher McGraw Hill year 2004 isbn 0838585299 ref ref name autogenerated1 cite book author Swanson M, Heuner K title Legionella Molecular Microbiology publisher Caister Academic Pr year 2008 isbn 1 904455 26 3 ref Over 90 of legionellosis ... clinician needs to know about Legionellosis date 2008 04 22 publisher CDC accessdate 2008 10 19 ref Legionellosis takes two distinct forms Legionnaires disease , also known as Legion Fever , ref cite ... tested ref cite web url http cti.org cgi bin download.pl title Legionellosis Guideline Best Practices ... and cysteine. There is an significant under reporting problem with Legionellosis. Even in countries ... diagnose. A furher issue is that patients with Legionellosis can present with a wide range of symptoms ... surveillance in determining the risk of hospital acquired legionellosis a national surveillance ... content 15 3 506 title Legionellosis. date Nov. 2011 work Massachusetts Department of Public ... Organization 2007. Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis. Geneva, Switzerland WHO. Available ... Cases Deaths Fatality rate Notes 1976 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1976 Philadelphia legionellosis ... 2008 10 19 ref 1999 Bovenkarspel, Netherlands 1999 Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak hot tub sort ... growing in an air scrubber of a nearby factory. 2002 Barrow in Furness 2002 Barrow in Furness legionellosis ... Bacterial Legionellosis Bacterial diseases Respiratory pathology Category American Legion Category Legionellosis Category Building biology Category Industrial hygiene roa rup Legionellosis bg ... more details
that more people died from legionellosis, but they were interment interred before ... , Zwaailichten disaster website DEFAULTSORT Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak netherlands stub Category Legionellosis Category Health disasters in the Netherlands Category 1999 in the Netherlands ... more details
Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 10 06 ref See also Portal Cumbria Legionellosis 2002 in the United ... title format dms DEFAULTSORT Barrow in Furness Legionellosis outbreak Category History of Barrow in Furness ... Kingdom Category Disasters in Lancashire Category 2000s medical outbreaks Category Legionellosis Category ... more details
Infobox settlement name Bovenkarspel coordinates region NL subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name Netherlands subdivision type1 Province subdivision name1 Noord Holland subdivision type2 Municipality subdivision name2 Stede Broec area km2 population 11,000 population as of density website image shield Bovenkarspel.svg latNS N longEW E latd 52 latm 41 lats 52 longd 5 longm 14 longs 38 Bovenkarspel is a town in the municipality of Stede Broec in the Netherlands Dutch province of North Holland . Until 1979, it was a separate municipality. Legionella outbreak main 1999 Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak In March 1999 an outbreak of legionellosis Legionnaires disease occurred during a flower exhibition in Bovenkarspel. Many people were hospitalized in Hoorn . 318 people became ill and at least 32 died. Probably more victims died and were buried before the legionellosis infection was recognized. The source of the bacteria was probably a hot tub whirlpool and a humidifier in the exhibition area. Railway stations There are 2 railway stations in Bovenkarspel Bovenkarspel Grootebroek railway station Bovenkarspel Grootebroek and Bovenkarspel Flora railway station Bovenkarspel Flora with half hourly connections to Hoorn, Amsterdam and Enkhuizen. See also http genealogy.wikia.com wiki Bovenkarspel People of Bovenkarspel at Wikia Genealogy Coord 52 42 N 5 15 E region NL type city display title Category Former municipalities of North Holland Category Populated places in North Holland NorthHolland geo stub de Bovenkarspel fr Bovenkarspel nl Bovenkarspel ... more details
Infobox NS station station Station Bovenkarspel Flora image Station Bovenkarspel Flora in 2004.jpg stationsnaam Bovenkarspel Flora latdeg 52 latmin 41 latsec 45 londeg 5 lonmin 15 lonsec 11 lines Zaandam Enkhuizen railway services s rail title Nederlandse Spoorwegen s line system NS Intercity line 4500 previous Bovenkarspel Grootebroek next Enkhuizen type reverse type2 reverse rows2 2 s line system NS Intercity line 14500 previous Bovenkarspel Grootebroek next Enkhuizen type reverse type2 reverse hide2 yes Bovenkarspel Flora is a railway station on the outskirts of Bovenkarspel , the Netherlands . The station opened in 1977 and is located between Hoorn and Enkhuizen. The station is on the Zaandam Enkhuizen railway . The station and services are operated by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen . The station was originally opened to serve visitors to the annual Westfriese Flora flower fair held there, which is why Flora is included in the name. In 1999 an 1999 Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak outbreak of legionellosis occurred during the flower fair which caused 32 deaths. The fair was renamed the Holland Flower Festival in 2003 and was relocated to Zwaagdijk Oost in 2005. Train services The following services currently call at Bovenkarspel Flora 2x per hour intercity service Enkhuizen Hoorn Amsterdam Hilversum Amersfoort 2x per hour intercity service Enkhuizen Hoorn Amsterdam peak hours Railway stations in North Holland DEFAULTSORT Bovenkarspel Flora Railway Station Category Railway stations in North Holland Category Railway stations opened in 1977 Netherlands railstation stub nl Station Bovenkarspel Flora ... more details
main Influenza like illness This is a list of infectious diseases , other than the most common ones, that cause flu like syndrome influenza like illness Bacterial Anthrax Brucellosis Cat scratch fever Legionellosis Leptospirosis Listeriosis Lyme disease Lymphogranuloma venereum Salmonellosis Toxic Shock Syndrome Syphilis Tuberculosis Viral Bornholm disease Coxsackie B virus Chickenpox Cytomegalovirus Eastern equine encephalitis virus California encephalitis virus Enteroviruses Hendra virus Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B B , Hepatitis C C , Hepatitis D D , Hepatitis E E Herpes HIV 1 , HIV 2 2 Newcastle disease Human parainfluenza viruses SARS coronavirus Slapped cheek syndrome Smallpox Togaviridae Venezuelan equine encephalitis Fungal Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Stachybotrys chartarum Protozoan Leishmaniasis References http www.wrongdiagnosis.com symptoms flu like symptoms causes.htm WrongDiagnosis.com Symptoms Flu like symptoms Causes Retrieved on April 10, 2009 ref Category Infectious diseases ... more details
Pontiac may refer to Chief Pontiac , a war leader of the Ottawa tribe during Pontiac s Rebellion Pontiac , the General Motors automobile brand Place names Canada Pontiac, Quebec , a municipality Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec , an administrative division Pontiac electoral district , a Quebec federal electoral district Pontiac provincial electoral district , a Quebec provincial electoral district United States Pontiac, Illinois Pontiac, Indiana Pontiac, Michigan Pontiac, Rhode Island Amtrak stations Pontiac, Illinois Amtrak station Pontiac Transportation Center 2011 in Pontiac, Michigan Pontiac Transportation Center 1983 , a former station in Pontiac, Michigan Other uses Pontiac fever , a less severe form of legionellosis Pontiac album Pontiac album , a 1987 album by Lyle Lovett Pontiac Mills , built in 1863 and listed on the NRHP Red Pontiac potato , a variety of potato USS Pontiac USS Pontiac disambiguation , name of several US marine ships disambig bg cs Pontiac de Pontiac es Pontiac desambiguaci n fa fr Pontiac ko hr Pontiac it Pontiac disambigua nl Pontiac no Pontiac andre betydninger pt Pontiac ru sk Pontiac sv Pontiac tr Pontiac anlam ayr m vo Pontiac ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Legionellales image Legionella Plate 01.png image width 200px image caption Legionella sp. under UV illumination. regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Legionellales subdivision ranks Families & Genera subdivision Legionellaceae br Fluoribacter br Legionella br Sarcobium br Coxiellaceae br Coxiella br Rickettsiella The Legionellales are an order of Proteobacteria . Like all Proteobacteria, they are gram negative ref name BergeyGamma George M. Garrity Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria ref . They comprise two families, typified by Legionella and Coxiella burnetii Coxiella , respectively, both of which include notable pathogens. For example, Q fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila cause legionellosis ref name BergeyGamma . References reflist colwidth 30em External links http www.bacterio.cict.fr l legionellales.html Legionellales LPSN List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub bg Legionellales de Legionellales es Legionellales sk Legionellales uk Legionellales ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 The European Working Group for Legionella Infections EWGLI was formed in 1986. Its members are scientists with an interest in improving knowledge and information on the epidemiological and microbiological clinical and environmental aspects of legionnaires disease . ref name HeunerK cite book author Heuner K, Swanson M editors . title Legionella Molecular Microbiology publisher Caister Academic Press year 2008 isbn 978 1 904455 26 4 ref This is achieved through international surveillance of the disease, as well as developments in diagnosis, management and treatment methods. EWGLI is based at the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, Department of Respiratory Diseases Legionella Section , 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom External quality assessment schemes External Quality Assessment EQA schemes are an important component in the operation of EWGLI. The following schemes are available Typing and Identification Schemes Urinary Antigen Scheme Water Scheme Sequencing Proficiency Panels See also Microbiology Environmental microbiology Legionella Legionellosis References Reflist Further reading Heuner K, Swanson M 2008 . Legionella Molecular Microbiology. Caister Academic Press ISBN 978 1 904455 26 4 External links http www.ewgli.org EWGLI website Category Bacterial diseases Category Microbiology Category Molecular biology ... more details
Gram negative bacterium , including species that cause legionellosis Legionnaires disease , most ... acquired its name after a 1976 Philadelphia legionellosis outbreak July, 1976 outbreak of a then unknown ... Legionnaires disease and the lesser form, Legionellosis Pontiac fever . Legionella transmission is via ... in Determining the Risk of Hospital Acquired Legionellosis A National Surveillance Study With Clinical ... action. According to the paper Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis, ref cite web url http ... of legionellosis ref found at the World Health Organization website, temperature affects the survival ... responsible for legionellosis Legionnaires disease . 1 Complete control of a water system can take ... top10.htm CDC Division of bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Legionellosis http www.astdhpphe.org infect legion.html Directors of Health Promotion and Education page on Legionellosis http www.ewgli.org ... more details
Infobox disease Name Opportunistic infection Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D009894 An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogen s, particularly Opportunism opportunistic pathogens those that take advantage of certain situations such as bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan infections that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host, one with a healthy immune system. A Immunodeficiency compromised immune system , however, presents an opportunity for the pathogen to infect. Causes Immunodeficiency or immunosuppression can be caused by Malnutrition Recurrent infection s Immunosuppressive drug Immunosuppressing agents for organ transplant recipients Advanced HIV infection Chemotherapy for cancer genetics Genetic predisposition Skin damage Antibiotic treatment Medical procedures Pregnancy Types of infections See Immunodeficiency These infections include Acinetobacter baumanni Aspergillus sp. Candida albicans Clostridium difficile Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptosporidium Cytomegalovirus Geomyces destructans Histoplasma capsulatum Isospora belli JC virus Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus , the virus that causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy . Kaposi s Sarcoma caused by Human herpesvirus 8 HHV8 , also called Kaposi s sarcoma associated herpesvirus KSHV Legionellosis Legionnaires Disease Legionella pneumophila Microsporidium Mycobacterium avium complex MAC Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium Pneumocystis pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii , previously known as Pneumocystis carinii f. hominis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Toxoplasma gondii Treatment Treatment depends on the type of opportunistic infection, but usually involves different antibiotic s. Veterinary treatment Opportunistic infections caused by Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus retroviral infections can be treated with Lymphocyte T Cell Immune Modula ... more details
orphan date January 2010 Image DunhillEarlyMorningPipeMurrays.jpg thumb Tobacco Chop chop , also known as loose tobacco , is an Australian term for untaxed, cheap, illegal tobacco , such as that which is home grown. Chop chop avoids heavy excise and taxation levies and can be much cheaper than the legal product. The chop chop industry is illegal and unregulated. ref name Bittoun http www.health.gov.au internet main publishing.nsf Content phd pub tobacco chopchop cnt.htm www.Health.gov.au Ren e Bittoun, December 2004, The Medical consequences of smoking chop chop tobacco PDF , hosted by the Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Web site. Accessed 15 July 2011 ref Health concerns Chop Chop is sometimes viewed as being more healthy than normal, branded tobacco. However, research has suggested that it can contain contaminants such as twigs and pulp from raw cotton, hay, cabbage leaves, grass clippings and chloride products. One writer has suggested that mould and fungi are also commonly found in chop chop samples. ref name Bittoun Another claim is that smoking chop chop has the potential to cause greater illness, than branded tobacco and possible fatality in those who use it. This is claimed, largely, to the dense volume of fungal contamination that is usually found in samples of chop chop . These fungi can cause toxic responses in the lungs , liver , kidneys and skin. The illnesses may range from allergy allergic reactions, chronic bronchitis and asthma to lung cancer or Legionellosis legionnaire s disease . Trafficking Because of its illegal nature, Chop Chop is often transported and stored in a clandestine manner. A recent example was the discovery of hundreds of kilograms of Chop Chop in an underground bunker in Mareeba, Queensland . The bunker had a hydraulically operated steel trapdoor that was openable from the owner s bedroom. The bunker was discovered when a taxation officer noticed that the bedroom s floor sounded hollow. ref http www.cairnspost ... more details
illnesses were tracked such as the Hantavirus and Legionellosis , most of those have been dropped ... in Philadelphia during the outbreak of Legionellosis in 1976, as well as by the murder of Helle Crafts . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC s legionellosis investigation eventually ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Legionella pneumophila image Legionella pneumophila 01.jpg image width 240px image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM image of L. pneumophila regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Proteobacteria Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Legionellales familia Legionellaceae genus Legionella species L. pneumophila binomial Legionella pneumophila binomial authority Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, McDade JE 1979 Legionella pneumophila is a thin, aerobe aerobic , Wiktionary pleomorphism pleomorphic , flagella ted, non spore forming, Gram negative bacterium of the genus Legionella . ref name Brock cite book author Madigan M Martinko J editors . title Brock Biology of Microorganisms edition 11th publisher Prentice Hall year 2005 isbn 0 13 144329 1 ref ref name HeunerK cite book author Heuner K Swanson M editors . title Legionella Molecular Microbiology publisher Caister Academic Press year 2008 url http www.horizonpress.com leg isbn 978 1 904455 26 4 ref L. pneumophila is the primary human pathogenic bacterium in this group and is the causative agent of legionellosis or Legionnaires disease . Characterization L. pneumophila is an acid fast , non Endospore sporulating , and morphologically a non capsulated, rod like bacterium, often characterized as being a coccobacillus . Aerobic organism aerobic and unable to hydrolysis hydrolyse gelatin or produce urease , it is also non Fermentation biochemistry fermentative . L. pneumophila is neither pigment ed nor does it autofluorescence autofluoresce . It is oxidase and catalase positive, and produces beta lactamase . L. pneumophila has a colony morphology that is gray white with a textured, cut glass appearance it also requires cysteine and iron to thrive. Cell membrane structure While L. pneumophila is categorized as a Gram negative organism, it stains poorly due to its unique lipopolysaccharide content in the outer leaflet of the outer cell membrane. ref name Sherris cite book author Ryan KJ Ray CG editor ... more details
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