wiktionary Legitimacy , from the Latin word legitimare to make lawful , may refer to Legitimacy law Legitimacy of standards Legitimacy political Legitimate expectation Legitimate peripheral participation Legitimate theater Legitimation Legit may refer to Legit professional wrestling Legit TV series Legit Ballin record label B Legit American rapper Too Legit to Quit MC Hammer album Too Legit for the Pit Hardcore Takes the Rap album of cover version s of hiphop songs disambig cs Legitimita rozcestn k nl Legitimiteit ... more details
legitimacy. In political science , legitimacy is the popular acceptance of a governing law or regime ..., the term legitimacy denotes a system of government wherein government denotes sphere of influence . Political legitimacy is considered a basic condition for governing, without which a government ... Dynasty 1046 256 BC , the political legitimacy of a ruler and government was derived from ... that political legitimacy derives from popular explicit and implicit consent The argument of the Second ... ref The German political philosopher Dolf Sternberger said, Legitimacy is the foundation of such governmental ... a right to govern, and with some recognition by the governed of that right. ref Sternberger, Dolf Legitimacy ... Macmillan, 1968 ref The American political sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset said that legitimacy ... political theorist Robert A. Dahl explained legitimacy as a reservoir so long as the water is at a given ... legitimacy is endangered. ref Dahl, Robert A. Polyarchy Participation and Opposition pp. 124 188 . New ... legitimacy often is positively interpreted as the Norm philosophy normative status conferred by a governed ... , legitimacy is distinguished from legality see color of law colour of law , to establish that a government ... clash in a constitutional crisis . Types of legitimacy File Horus as falcon.svg thumb 150px ... right Theocracy The coat of arms of the Holy See , the seat of Pope Papal government . Legitimacy is a value ... science , legitimacy usually is understood as the popular acceptance and recognition, by the public ... understandings, not coercion. The three types of political legitimacy are traditional, charismatic, and rational legal. I. Traditional legitimacy derives from societal custom and habit that emphasize ... tribalism . II. Charismatic legitimacy derives from the ideas and personal charisma of the leader ... legitimacy might continue if the charismatic leader has a successor. III. Rational legal legitimacy derives from a system of institutional procedure, wherein government institutions establish ... more details
The presumption of legitimacy is a common law rule of evidence that states that a child born within the subsistence of a marriage is deemed to be the child of the husband. Early history Paternity has been considered a historically important issue in determining the law of succession rules of succession . ref name LSU Cite web url http biotech.law.lsu.edu Books lbb x650.htm title The Presumption of Legitimacy publisher biotech.law.lsu.edu accessdate 2010 06 12 ref Bastard Law of England and Wales Illegitimate children were originally debarred from inheriting a monarchy, nobility title or property. References Reflist Category Family law Law stub de Vaterschaftsvermutung pl Domniemanie ojcostwa ... more details
24, 2011 ref At common law , legitimacy is the status of a child who is born to parents who are legally ... of Legitimacy was formerly of great consequence, in that only a legitimate child could inheritance ... law A legislative act could deprive a child of legitimacy as in the cases of the Princes in the Tower ... affirms the legitimacy of a child born to a marriage that is Annulment Annulment in the Catholic ... US&vol 533&invol 53 ref Legitimacy also continues to be relevant to hereditary titles only legitimate ... succeeded to the throne despite the controversial status of their legitimacy, due to special provisions ... Life Edna Gladney Illegitimacy in fiction Legitimacy law in England and Wales Marks of distinction ... edition on the history of the legal situation of bastard children. Category Legitimacy law Category ... more details
Legitimacy law in England and Wales is governed by the pertinent legislation Legitimacy Act 1926 , Legitimacy Act 1959 , Family Law Reform Act 1987 and by case law . Provisions Section 2 of the Legitimacy Act 1976 provides as follows blockquote Subject to the following provisions of this Act, where the parents of an illegitimate person marry one another, the marriage shall, if the father of the illegitimate person is at the date of marriage domicile law domiciled in England and Wales, render that person, if living, legitimate from the date of the marriage. Extract from Hershman McFarlane Section A.5 blockquote Father The child s father is in the same position as the mother if he was married to the child s mother at the time of the child s birth, ref CA 1989, s 2 1 . ref in that he also has parental responsibility for his child. Where the child s parents were not married at the time of the child s birth, the child s father will still have parental responsibility for his child if the child is legitimated by statute. ref FLRA 1987, s 1 2 . ref The father will acquire parental responsibility by virtue of the legitimation. FLRA 1987 sets out the circumstances where the child s parents are treated in law as having been married at the time of the child s birth, even though they were not. ref FLRA 1987, s 1 3 see also 103 . ref Application to the succession to the British throne While children who are born to parents who are unmarried at the time of birth but subsequently marry are thereby made legitimate, this does not apply to the succession to the British throne . The Legitimacy Act 1926, 10 1 says, Nothing in this Act shall affect the Succession to any dignity or title of honour ... or title. The Legitimacy Act 1959, 6 4 says, It is hereby declared that nothing in this Act affects the Succession to the Throne. Notes reflist 2 See also Legitimacy law Legitimacy Bastard Law of England and Wales Category English family law Category Legitimacy law England and Wales England law ... more details
Infobox UK legislation short title Legitimacy Act 1926 parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom long title An Act to amend the law relating to children born out of wedlock. introduced by territorial extent royal assent 15 December 1926 commencement repeal date amendments related legislation repealing legislation Legitimacy Act 1959 in part br Children Act 1975 status Repealed original text http www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts1926 pdf ukpga 19260060 en.pdf activeTextDocId legislation history The Legitimacy Act 1926 was an Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Act The Act allowed children to be legitimised by the subsequent marriage of their parents, provided that neither parent had been married to a third party at the time of the birth. When this occurred the legitimised birth was re entered in the birth indexes for that year sometimes many years after the original birth . The original entry would be annotated to refer to the new entry. The act was modified by the Legitimacy Act 1959 , which extended it to children whose parent s had been married to somebody else when they were born. Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1926 Category Repealed United Kingdom Acts of Parliament Category Legitimacy law Category Family law in the United Kingdom UK law stub ... more details
Infobox UK legislation short title Legitimacy Act 1959 parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom long title An Act to amend the Legitimacy Act, 1926, to legitimate the children of certain void marriages, and otherwise to amend the law relating to children born out of wedlock. introduced by territorial extent royal assent 29 July 1959 commencement repeal date amendments related legislation repealing legislation Family Law Reform Act 1987 status Repealed original text http www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts1959 pdf ukpga 19590073 en.pdf activeTextDocId legislation history The Legitimacy Act 1959 was an Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It was repealed by the Family Law Reform Act 1987 . ref cite web url http www.lexisnexis.com uk legal docview getDocForCuiReq?lni 4ST8 61D0 TWPY Y175&csi 274768&oc 00240 title Lexis Library Document publisher LexisNexis accessdate 30 November 2009 ref Act Prior to the passing of the Act, legitimacy was governed by the Legitimacy Act 1926 . Under that act, the marriage of a child s parents after its birth did not legitimise it when one of the parents was married to a third person at the birth of the child. Although the Royal Commission on Marriage and Divorce recommended keeping this on the statute books by a vote of twelve to seven, Section 1 repealed this and allowed a child to be legitimised when his parents married, regardless of their past status. This was retroactive if a child s parents were married when the Act came into force, the child was legitimised. ref Kahn Freud 1960 p.56 ref Section 2 legitimised the children of marriages ruled void, providing those marriages were entered into in good faith such as a marriage below the age of consent, where both wife and husband believed they are above ... Legitimacy Act, 1959 journal Modern Law Review publisher Blackwell Publishing first O last Kahn Freud ... United Kingdom Acts of Parliament Category Legitimacy law Category Family law in the United Kingdom ... more details
, his claims about Victoria s parentage were not and were the subject of critical reviews. ref Legitimacy ..., 1994 Category Queen Victoria Category Urban legends Category Legitimacy law Victoria ... more details
Multiple issues original research March 2008 refimprove March 2008 Kosovo War The legitimacy of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been subject to question by many bodies and individuals from the time of the action continuing to this day. The key basis governing the legality of any act of war is international law . In this particular case, a course of action is also bound by other foundations such as the NATO charter and the UN charter , both of which were drafted in accordance with preexisting international regulation. As such, the issue has been shady at times with proponents of both viewpoints citing particular legislation that substantiate their claims on whether the war was or was not legal. Supporters of the campaign have argued that the action brought to an end the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo s Albanians Albanian population, and that the bombing campaign hastened or caused the downfall of Slobodan Milo evi s government, which they saw as responsible for the international isolation of Yugoslavia , many war crimes , and gross human rights violations. Others feel the action as controversial. ref name Coleman cite book last Coleman first Katharina Pichler title International Organisations and Peace Enforcement The Politics of International Legitimacy publisher Cambridge University Press year 2007 isbn 978 0 521 87019 1 ref ref cite news url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9A06E1D9123FF93BA35755C0A9669C8B63 title Rights Group Says NATO Bombing in Yugoslavia Violated Law last Erlanger first Steven date 2000 06 08 publisher The New York Times accessdate 2008 11 13 ref Noam Chomsky condemned NATO s military campaign in Yugoslavia, particularly its strategic bombing aerial bombing which included the bombing ... NATO s argument for the bombing s legitimacy NATO described the conditions in Kosovo as posing ... The Role of Authority in Legitimating Armed Humanitarian Intervention DEFAULTSORT Legitimacy Of Nato ... more details
Original research date September 2007 Merge Legality of the Iraq War discuss Talk Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq Proposed merge with Legality of the Iraq War date January 2010 Campaignbox Iraq War File UStanks baghdad 2003.JPEG 300px thumb right M1A1 Abrams pose for a photo under the Hands of Victory in Ceremony Square, Baghdad, Iraq . A dispute exists over the legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq . The debate centers around the question whether the invasion was an unprovoked assault on an independent country that may have breached international law , or if the United Nations Security Council authorized the invasion whether the conditions set in place after the Gulf War allowed the resumption if Iraq did not uphold to the United Nations Security Council Resolution Security Council resolutions . ref cite news url http www.guardian.co.uk letters story 0,3604,909275,00.html title War would be illegal publisher The Guardian date March 7, 2003 location London ref Those arguing for its legitimacy often point to Iraq Resolution Congressional Joint Resolution 114 and United Nations Security Council UN Security Council resolutions, such as United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 Resolution 1441 and United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 Resolution 678 . ref International Law and the War in Iraq, John Yoo. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 97, No. 3 Jul., 2003 , pp. 563 576 doi 10.2307 3109841. ref ref Future Implications of the Iraq Conflict. W.H. Taft and T F. Buchwald. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 97, No. 3 Jul., 2003 , pp. 553 563 doi 10.2307 3109841, ref Those arguing against its legitimacy also cite some of the same sources, stating they do not actually permit war but instead lay out conditions that must be met before war can be declared. Furthermore, the Security Council may only authorise the use of force against an aggressor ref cite web url http www.un.org Docs sc unsc functions.html title Under the Charter ... more details
This is a list of movements that dispute the legitimacy of a reigning monarch . It includes those movements that believe a current monarch is on the throne unlawfully, but does not include groups that oppose monarchy generally such as those that favor replacing a monarchy with a republic an system of government . Carlism Carlism is a movement in that seeks the establishment of another line of the House of Bourbon Bourbon family on the Monarchy of Spain Spanish throne , in preference to the current Spanish King, Juan Carlos I . Carlists dispute that Ferdinand VII of Spain Ferdinand VII had the authority to change the Spanish monarchy s line of succession by issuing the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 and claim that such document was without legal effect. The Pragmatica Sanci n resulted in Fernando s daughter Isabella II of Spain Isabella II , rather than her brother, Infante Infante Carlos, Count of Molina Carlos , becoming the Spanish monarch. Jacobitism Jacobitism asserted that the Glorious Revolution was unlawful and effected a de facto but not de jure change in the line of succession to the Monarchy of the United Kingdom British Monarchy . In the Jacobite view, William III of England William and Mary of Orange and their successors were never legitimate British rulers. Instead, the lawful king or queen of England and Scotland has continued to be the heir general of the House of Stuart . Sedevacantism Sedevacantism holds that the current Roman Catholic pope , Benedict XVI , is illegitimate. More generally, sedevacantists believe that the chair of St. Peter has been vacant since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958 or Pope John XXIII in 1963 and that subsequent holders of the papal throne have not been true popes. This movement is largely driven by opposition to liturgical reforms introduced by the Second Vatican Council , especially replacement of the Tridentine Mass with the Mass of Paul VI and authorizing the saying of the Mass liturgy Mass in vernacular languages rather ... more details
Orphan date August 2011 The legality of synthetic marijuana in the state of North Carolina is subject to the variations of the drug being used. By default, synthetic marijuana in North Carolina is banned by default however certain different types may be legal for consumption. ref http www.wral.com news state nccapitol story 9091677 NC Senate approves synthetic pot ban ref Bill Approval On February 10, 2011, the Senate of North Carolina officially passed the bill that banned synthetic marijuana. The bill was passed following a vote by 50 legislator s where the vote in favor of the ban was won by a landslide 50 0. The bill stated that any person who own or deals synthetic marijuana in NC can be prosecuted. Cause of ban The ban was imposed following the realization that it was affecting and having a striking impact on youngsters. While the drug does not contain real marijuana , the contents and effects are reasonable similar and may cause equal effects in terms of psychological dependency . ref http www.ncga.state.nc.us Sessions 2011 Bills Senate PDF S9v2.pdf A bill to be entitled an act to add synthetic cannabinoids to the list of controlled substances ref Allowed Variations Despite the ban, mild variations that are sold as pills commercially are available. Some examples are Exotic, Hypnotic and Storm. These are mild synthetic drugs that provide a mediocre kick and are marketed as party pills . References Reflist External links Category Cannabis laws in the United States ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2008 Neo theocracy often shortened to neo theo is a neologism political commentators Fact date May 2009 began using in the first decade of the 21st century to refer to an alleged world wide growth in the popularity of the acceptance of the legitimacy of the combination of religion and politics, considered to be a threat to the principle of the separation of religion and state . Category Political neologisms ... more details
Sanad can refer to Science of hadith The sanad and the matn Isn d , the citations or backings used to verify the legitimacy of a hadith Sanad , In British Raj British India , a deed granted to Princely state native rulers confirming them in their states, in return for their allegiance Sanad, Bahrain , a place in Bahrain Sanad, Serbia , a village in Serbia disambig ... more details
Tianming may refer to Mandate of Heaven , or Tianming in pinyin, traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers Tianming Emperor , Nurhaci 1559 1626 reigned 1616 1626 , Manchu chieftain Tianming film Tianming film , or Daybreak , 1933 Chinese silent film disambig ... more details
wiktionary defer Defer may refer to Defer Elementary School , a Michigan State Historic Site Deference , the acknowledgement of the legitimacy of the power of one s superior or superiors Deferral , the delaying of the realization of an asset or liability until a future date See also DeFer Differ disambiguation disambig ... more details
Atheism and Irreligion Sidebar A Nonbeliever is a person who questions religious authority, but is not necessarily anti religious. Nonbelievers tend to have logic seeking personalities and are unable to believe in anything that is not supported by evidence. Nonbelievers say that opinions should be formed on the basis of science, logic, and reason, and should not be influenced by authority, tradition, or other dogmas . Socrates was one of the first nonbelievers of whom we have records he questioned the legitimacy of the beliefs of his time in the existence of the various gods. See also Religion and science Freethought Secularity Irreligion Category Irreligion ... more details
About ethics logical empiricism Models of scientific inquiry noreferences article date March 2009 In law and ethics , universal law or universal principle refers as concepts of legal legitimacy actions, whereby those principles and rules for governing human beings conduct which are most universal in their acceptability, their applicability, translation, and philosophical basis, are therefore considered to be most legitimate. See also Natural law Category Ethics Category Law Category New Thought terms ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 refimprove December 2006 expand further date March 2012 The phrase Marriage mill refers to the western states of the United States which allowed for fairly straightforward divorce proceedings at the turn of the twentieth century . The most often cited example seems to be Dakota Territory . As it was, those states needed higher population quotas to gain legitimacy, and this was a way of getting around their problem. Category History of the American West Category Marriage ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 In the history of Portugal , a Miguelista in English language English Miguelist was a supporter of the legitimacy of the king Miguel of Portugal Miguel I of Portugal . The name is also given to those who supported Absolute monarchy absolutism as form of government, in opposition to the liberals who intended the establishment of a constitutional regime in Portugal. See also Carlism Category 19th century in Portugal Category Rival successions Category Monarchism es Miguelismo pt Miguelista ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Sefer ha Qabbalah Hebrew language Hebrew for Book of Tradition was a book authored by Abraham ibn Daud around 1161. A chronicle of the Jewish people , it contains valuable historical and philosophical information. The book is a response to Karaitic attacks against the historical legitimacy of rabbinic judaism, and contains, among other items, the controversial tale of the kidnapping by pirates of four great rabbinic scholars from Babylonian academies, whose subsequent ransoming by Jewish communities around the Mediterranean accounts for the transmission of scholarly legitimacy to the Rabbis of Jewish centers in North Africa and Spain. At the time, the term Kabbalah did not yet assume the mythical and esoteric connotations by which it is now known. DEFAULTSORT Sefer Ha Qabbalah Category Jewish philosophical and ethical texts Category Jewish history Hist book stub Jewish hist stub Philo book stub Reli book stub ... more details
progression as follows class wikitable border 1 Stage Rhetorical Stance Technique Goal Legitimacy ... 1. Legitimacy becomes the rhetorical goal of the strategy, and the initial stage of the strategy ... that is given to the candidate during the legitimacy stage, making the candidate a political celebrity ... from trying to establish legitimacy to maintaining one s name in the face of the public. 3. Reinforcement occurs when the candidate s campaign reaffirms the legitimacy of the candidate. If the stages of legitimacy and identification succeed, then a set of expectations will be generated on what ... stage, then provide verification in the final stage. Assumptions of the Model 1. The importance of legitimacy ... and the opposition should not occur, as the confrontation would assign legitimacy to the opponent ... more details
Auctor is Latin for author or originator. The term is used in Scholasticism for a renowned scholar , and in alpha taxonomy for the scientist describing a species . The term is widely replaced by Author citation zoology author in zoology zoological nomenclature, ref http www.nhm.ac.uk hosted sites iczn code International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Glossary ref but is still in use in botany . Related to the notion of legitimacy on the basis of publication. Originated by the academic musings of Aristotle and the perpetuation of knowledge through literature and study. Auctor also refers to a person who donates the genetic material used to make a clone. References reflist Category Latin words and phrases hr Auktor ... more details
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