Italic title Taxobox Color parameter is not needed automatically assigned name Lentivirus virus group vi familia Retroviridae subfamilia Orthoretrovirinae genus Lentivirus type species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bovine lentivirus group br Bovine immunodeficiency virus Jembrana disease virus Equine lentivirus group br Equine infectious anemia virus Feline lentivirus group br Feline immunodeficiency virus Puma lentivirus Ovine caprine lentivirus group br Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus Visna virus Visna maedi virus Primate lentivirus group br Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Simian immunodeficiency virus Lentivirus lente , Latin for slow is a genus of virus es of the Retroviridae family biology family , characterized by a long incubation period . Lentiviruses can deliver a significant amount of Genetics genetic information into the DNA of the Host biology host cell and have the unique ability among retroviruses of being able to replicate in non dividing cells, so they are one of the most efficient methods of a Vector molecular biology gene delivery vector . Human immunodeficiency virus HIV , Simian immunodeficiency virus SIV , and Feline immunodeficiency virus FIV are all examples of lentiviruses. Classification ... cells. Lentivirus is primarily a research tool used to introduce a gene product into in vitro systems ... aim to block a gene product to treat diseases. Another common application is to use a lentivirus ... cite journal author Shi Q, Wilcox DA, Fahs SA, et al. title Lentivirus mediated platelet derived factor ... http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ICTVdb ICTVdB 61060000.htm ICTV taxonomy of Lentivirus cite journal author ... www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 264.html Viralzone Lentivirus Retroviruses Category Lentiviruses ca Lentivirus de Lentiviren es Lentivirus fr Lentivirus id Lentivirus it Lentivirus kk hu Lentiv rus pl Lentiwirusy pt Lentivirus ru sv Lentivirus zh ... more details
Wikify date February 2012 Puma lentivirus PLV is a retrovirus . ref name pmid14501789 cite journal author VandeWoude S, Hageman CL, Hoover EA title Domestic cats infected with lion or puma lentivirus develop anti feline immunodeficiency virus immune responses journal J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. volume 34 issue 1 pages 20 31 year 2003 month September pmid 14501789 doi url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?issn 1525 4135&volume 34&issue 1&spage 20 ref A study in 2003 indicated that domestic cats infected with puma lentivirus PLV or lion lentivirus LLV began producing anti FIV immune responses. ref http journals.lww.com jaids Abstract 2003 09010 Domestic Cats Infected with Lion or Puma.3.aspx ref References reflist Retroviruses Category Lentiviruses virus stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Jembrana disease is a viral disease of cattle . Its first documented outbreak occurred in 1964 in Indonesia , affecting Bali cattle Bos javanicus . The virus belongs to the Lentivirae , commonly Lentivirus , which include immunodeficiency viruses such as HIV . There is at least one strain that has been sequenced see references . Sources http www.vetbiomed.murdoch.edu.au research virology research.html www.vetbiomed.murdoch.edu.au http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Info&id 36370&lvl 3&p nuccore&p protein&p genome&p genomeproj&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Category Bovine diseases Disease stub ... more details
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis CAE is a Lentivirus lentiviral infection of goats which may lead to Chronic medicine chronic disease of the joints and on rare occasions encephalitis . The symptoms of this disease are varied. Mature goats can develop arthritis and find walking painful. The knee joints may be inflamed and swollen, and the goats will slowly lose condition. In some cases they will not be able to stand. As of 2012 there is no known cure. Goats which test positive for the disease are typically separated from the rest of the herd. Sources http www.vet.uga.edu VPP clerk logan index.php http www.vetmed.wsu.edu depts waddl caefaq.aspx Category Sheep and goat diseases ... more details
refimprove date April 2011 Dr. Bj rn Sigur sson ref Gu mundur P tursson. Hver var Bj rn Sigur sson og hvert var hans framlag til v sinda? . V sindavefurinn 14.1.2011. http visindavefur.is ?id 58128. Sko a 19.1.2011 . ref 1913 1959 was the first director of Keldur the Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland. Bj rn died at an early age while having been the director of Keldur for only about ten years. In his short life, he made many developments in research in the fields of pathology , bacteriology , virology , immunology and epidemiology . Bj rn became a world renowned scientist because of his research on infectious diseases caused by slow viruses . This group of viruses was given the name, Lentivirus , in honor of the work of Bj rn Sigur sson. The slow virus concept was first introduced by Bj rn Sigur sson and he and his co workers made pioneering studies on slow diseases in sheep including m i, visna and scrapie. Visna virus M i is a slowly progressive interstitial pneumonia of adult sheep while visna virus visna is a slow, progressive encephalomyelitis and the same virus, belonging, to the lentivirus subgroup of retrovirus es, was found to be responsible for both condition. ref http www.enotes.com microbiology encyclopedia slow viruses eNotes, World of Microbiology and Immunology,Slow Viruses ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Sigurdsson, Bjorn ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1913 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1959 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Bjorn Sigurdsson Category 1913 births Category 1959 deaths Category Icelandic people is Bj rn Sigur sson ... more details
wiktionary OPP or Opp may refer to Ontario Provincial Police , the provincial police service of Ontario, Canada Opp, Alabama , a town in southern Alabama, United States O.P.P. song , a song by Naughty by Nature from the album Naughty by Nature One People s Project , an anti racist group Bluetooth profile Object Push Profile .28OPP.29 Object Push Profile , a Bluetooth communications protocol based on the OBEX protocol Open Prosthetics Project , a project dedicated to creation of public domain prosthetics Orangi Pilot Project , a development project in slums of Karachi, Pakistan 2 Phenylphenol or ortho phenylphenol , an organic compound used as a fungicide Oriented polypropylene O riented polypropylene P oly P ropylene Oink s Pink Palace , a bittorrent tracker Omega Psi Phi , one of the first black male fraternities Orleans Parish Prison, a prison in New Orleans, Louisiana. OPP or Opp may also refer to Opposition disambiguation , shortened Other person s problem s Other Person s Property or Other Person s Pussy Ovine lentivirus Ovine Progessive Pneumonia , a chronic infection that affects sheep. disambig da OPP de Opp it OPP ja OPP pl OPP pt Opp ... more details
Taxobox color violet virus group vi familia Retroviridae subfamilia Orthoretrovirinae genus Lentivirus Visna virus also known as Visna Maedi virus , Maedi Visna virus and ovine lentivirus ref name pmid16425963 from the genus lentivirinae and subfamily Orthoretrovirinae , is a prototype ref name pmid11024138 Cite journal author Ryan S, Tiley L, McConnell I, Blacklaws B title Infection of Dendritic Cells by the Maedi Visna Lentivirus journal J. Virol. volume 74 issue 21 pages 10096 103 year 2000 month November pmid 11024138 pmc 102048 doi 10.1128 JVI.74.21.10096 10103.2000 url http jvi.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11024138 ref retrovirus ref name pmid18796728 Cite journal author Wu C, Barbezange C, McConnell I, Blacklaws BA title Mapping and characterization of visna maedi virus cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 89 issue Pt 10 pages 2586 96 year 2008 month October pmid 18796728 doi 10.1099 vir.0.2008 002634 0 url http vir.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 18796728 ref that causes encephalitis and chronic pneumonitis in sheep . ref Cite journal author Benavides J, Garc a Pariente C, Fuertes M, et al. title Maedi visna the meningoencephalitis in naturally occurring cases journal J. Comp. Pathol. volume 140 issue 1 pages 1 11 year 2009 month January pmid 18922546 doi 10.1016 j.jcpa.2008.07.010 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0021 9975 08 00103 5 ref It is known as visna when found in the brain, and maedi when infecting the lungs. Life long, persistent infections in sheep occur in the lungs , lymph node s, spleen , joint ... retrieve pii S0147 9571 02 00078 4 ref Maedi Visna virus was the first lentivirus ... journal author Sonigo P, Alizon M, Staskus K, et al. title Nucleotide sequence of the visna lentivirus ... T lymphocyte s. ref name pmid17127400 The relationship of Visna and HIV as lentivirus es was first ... similarity of HTLV III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. Science . 1985 Jan 11 227 4683 173 ... more details
of the lentiviruses, describing the genomic structure of Visna virus , a lentivirus of sheep. She ... and morphologic similarity of HTLV III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. url journal Science volume 227 issue 4683 pages 173 7 pmid 2981428 ref This article helped to establish HIV as a lentivirus ... more details
Taxobox color violet virus group vi familia Retroviridae genus Lentivirus Bovine immunodeficiency virus BIV is a retrovirus belonging to the lentivirus subfamily. It is similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV and infects cattle. The cells primarily infected are lymphocytes and monocytes macrophages. ref cite web last St. Louis first MC title The molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus a comparison with other lentiviruses url http journals.cambridge.org action displayAbstract?fromPage online&aid 775372 publisher Cambridge Journals Online coauthors Cojocariu M, Archambault D pages 125 143 month 12 year 2004 ref Discovery BIV was discovered in the late 1960s in the search for the infectious agent causing bovine leukemia lymphosarcoma. This search led to the isolation and identification of three distinct classes of bovine retroviruses. BIV was specifically identified by Dr. Cameron Seger, a veterinarian of the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, while he was studying dairy cattle at the Southeast Louisiana Experiment Station at Franklinton, Louisiana. The cows presented with high white blood cell counts, referred to as persistent lymphocytosis PL which is associated with the development of bovine leukemia lymphosarcoma. The first animal studied was an eight year old Holstein cow R 29 , her white blood cell count was elevated and her physical condition was steadily declining, after delivering a calf she weakened and became severely emaciated. She had to be euthanatized and necropsy was performed. The diagnosis was lymphosarcoma, however, none of the tumors usually associated with the diseases were present in the postmortem gross examination. Tissue samples were sent to Dr. Van Der Maaten at the National Animal Disease Center Dr. Van Der Maaten was able to isolate the BIV. When the isolated BIV was inoculated into colostrum deprived young calves, they developed ... a lentivirus has this characteristic. ref name Berkowitz2001 cite journal last Berkowitz first Robert ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 jargon February 2010 NOTOC The RNAi Consortium , or TRC, is a public private partnership whose mission is to create libraries of small hairpin RNA s shRNAs for 15 000 human and 15 000 mouse gene s. These libraries should help the scientific community to analyse gene function by RNAi . The consortium is based at the Broad Institute of the MIT and Harvard University , and includes 6 MIT and Harvard associated institutions and 5 international life sciences organizations. Verified RNAi clones and entire libraries are made available both by Sigma Aldrich and Open Biosystems . Hairpin selection A set of candidate hairpins are selected based on the 1st Refseq transcription genetics transcript from each National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI gene. They should be 21mers, be at least 25bp from start of the coding sequence and no closer than 150bp from its end. Candidates are scored based on various Empirical method empirical rules see the Broad Institute s web site for a complete list http www.broad.mit.edu genome bio trc rules.html and then BLAST ed against 2 transcriptome sets. Hairpins that are unique for a Unigene cluster and a RefSeq NM identifier are preferred. Lastly, the candidates are spaced to have 1 hairpin in the 3 UTR 3 untranslated region and 4 in the coding sequence. Hairpin vector Selected hairpins are cloned into the viral vector vector pLKO1, which is a multipurpose plasmid that can be propagated in bacteria , transfection transfect ed into mammal ian cell line s or used for generation of lentivirus es. It contains Antibiotic resistance resistance gene s against ampicillin and puromycin . Release Release 1 of the TRC lentiviral shRNA libraries consist of about 35 000 shRNA constructs against 5300 human 25 000 clones and 2200 mouse genes 10 000 clones . Release 2 of the human shRNA library contained an additional 9 500 clones. Releases occur roughly every quarter. The completing of both mouse and human librarie ... more details
has multiple methods of targeting and ridding itself of any cells infected with the lentivirus ... an adaptive immune response in addition to any innate immune response initiated by the lentivirus. Because ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Equine infectious anemia virus image Equine infectious anemia virus.jpg image caption virus group vi familia Retroviridae genus Lentivirus species Equine infectious anemia virus Equine infectious anemia or equine infectious anaemia EIA , also known by horsemen as swamp fever , is a horse disease caused by a retrovirus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects. The virus is endemic in the Americas , parts of Europe , the Middle East Middle and Far East , Russia , and South Africa . The virus is a lentivirus , like human immunodeficiency virus HIV . Like HIV, EIA can be transmitted through blood, saliva, milk, and body secretions. Transmission is primarily through biting flies, such as the horse fly and deer fly deer fly . ref cite web title Equine Infectious Anemia Introduction work The Merck Veterinary Manual date 2006 url http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 52800.htm accessdate 2007 06 23 ref The virus survives up to 4 hours in the carrier. Contaminated surgical equipment and recycled needles and syringe s, and Bit horse bit s ref http www.agr.state.nc.us vet FactSheets equine.htm Equine Infectious Anemia EIA , North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , retrieved December 19, 2008. ref can transmit the disease. Mares can transmit the disease to their foals via the placenta . The risk of transmitting the disease is greatest when an infected horse is ill, as the blood levels of the virus are then highest. Stages Acute medical Acute The acute form is a sudden onset of the disease at full force. Symptoms include high fever, anemia due to the breakdown of red blood cell s , weakness, swelling of the lower abdomen and legs, weak pulse, and irregular heartbeat. The horse may die suddenly. Subacute A slower, less severe progression of the disease. Symptoms include recurrent fever, weight loss, an enlarged spleen felt during a rectal examination , anemia, and swelling of the lower chest, abdominal wall, penile ... more details
issue 5644 ref Lentiviruses main Lentivirus Image Lentiviral vector.png thumb right 300px Packaging and transduction by a lentiviral vector. Lentivirus es are a subclass of Retroviruses. They have recently ... for possible applications of lentiviruses in gene therapy. However, studies have shown that lentivirus .... To produce a lentivirus, several plasmid plasmids are transfection transfected into a so ... more details
A genetically modified virus is a virus that has gone through genetic modification for various biomedical purposes. General usage Genetic modification involves the insertion or deletion of genes. When genes are inserted, they usually come from a different species, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer . In nature this can occur when exogenous DNA penetrates the cell membrane for any reason. To do this artificially may require attaching the genes to a virus or just physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host with a very small syringe, or with very small particles fired from a gene gun . ref cite journal author Johnston SA, Tang DC title Gene gun transfection of animal cells and genetic immunization journal Methods in Cell Biology volume 43 Pt A issue pages 353 365 year 1994 pmid 7823871 oclc 31189762 ref However, other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, ref cite journal author Lee LY, Gelvin SB title T DNA binary vectors and systems journal Plant Physiol. volume 146 issue 2 pages 325 332 year 2008 month February pmid 18250230 pmc 2245830 doi 10.1104 pp.107.113001 oclc 1642351 ref or the ability of lentivirus es to transfer genes to animal cells. ref cite journal author Park F title Lentiviral vectors are they the future of animal transgenesis? journal Physiol. Genomics volume 31 issue 2 pages 159 173 year 2007 month October pmid 17684037 doi 10.1152 physiolgenomics.00069.2007 url http physiolgenomics.physiology.org cgi content full 31 2 159 oclc 37367250 ref Lithium ion batteries In materials science, a genetically modified virus has been used to construct a more environmentally friendly lithium ion battery . ref http web.mit.edu newsoffice 2009 virus battery 0402.html New virus built battery could power cars, electronic devices ref ref http www.npr.org templates story story.php?storyId 102647672 Hidden Ingredient In New, Greener Battery A Viru ... more details
The tripartite motif family is a protein family. ref name pmid11331580 cite journal author Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, et al. title The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments journal EMBO J. volume 20 issue 9 pages 2140 51 year 2001 pmid 11331580 doi 10.1093 emboj 20.9.2140 pmc 125245 ref Function Many TRIM proteins are induced by interferon s, which are important component of resistance to pathogens and several TRIM proteins are known to be required for the restriction of infection by lentivirus es. TRIM proteins are involved in pathogen recognition and by regulation of transcriptional pathways in host defence. ref name pmid18836477 cite journal author Ozato K, Shin DM, Chang TH, Morse HC title TRIM family proteins and their emerging roles in innate immunity journal Nat. Rev. Immunol. volume 8 issue 11 pages 849 60 year 2008 month November pmid 18836477 doi 10.1038 nri2413 url ref Structure The tripartite motif is always present at the N terminus of the TRIM proteins. The TRIM motif includes the following three domains ref name pmid11331580 cite journal author Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, Riganelli D, Zanaria E, Messali S, Cainarca S, Guffanti A, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Ballabio A title The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments journal EMBO J. volume 20 issue 9 pages 2140 51 year 2001 month May pmid 11331580 pmc 125245 doi 10.1093 emboj 20.9.2140 url accessdate 2009 02 22 ref 1 a RING finger domain RING finger domain 2 one or two B box zinc finger domains when only one B box is present, it is always a type 2 B box when two B boxes are present the type 1 B Box always precedes the type 2 B Box 3 coiled coil region The C terminus of TRIM proteins contain either Group 1 proteins a C terminal domain selected from the following list NHL and IGFLMN domains, either in association or alone PHD finger PHD domain associated with a bromodomain MATH domain MATH domain in e.g., TRIM37 ARF domain in e.g., TRIM23 EXOII ... more details
L 2003 A lentivirus based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem ... FB, Scott ML, and van Parijs L 2007 Corrigendum A lentivirus based system... Nature Genetics 39 6 803 ... more details
Slow Viruses A slow virus is a virus , or a viruslike agent, etiologically associated with a disease having a long incubation period of months to years and then a gradual onset of symptoms which progress slowly but irreversibly and terminate in a severe compromised state or, more commonly, death. A slow virus disease is a disease that, after an extended period of latency, follows a slow, progressive course spanning months to years, frequently involving the central nervous system and ultimately leading to death. Examples are visna and maedi of sheep, caused by viruses of the genus Lentivirus family Retroviridae , and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis , apparently caused by the measles virus . ref PubMed Health http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmedhealth PMH0002392 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis . Retrieved February 10, 2012. ref Characteristics of slow virus diseases Every infectious agent is different, but in general slow viruses Cause an asymptomatic primary infection Have a long incubation period ranging from months to years Follow a slow but relentless progressive course leading to death Tend to have a genetic pre disposition Often re emerge from latency if the host becomes immunocompromised Additionally, the immune system seems to plays a limited role, or no role, in protection from these slow viruses. This may be in part because the host has acclimated to the virus, or more likely because the host must be immunocompromised in order for many of these slow virus infections to emerge, so the immune system is at a disadvantage from the start. Some Human Slow Virus Infections class wikitable Virus Virus Family Disease Typical Latency Epidemiology JC Virus Polyomavirus Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Years to Life sup sup Unknown Contaminated water? BK Virus Polyomavirus BK Nephropathy Years to Life sup sup Unknown respiratory spread urine? Rubeola Measles Paramyxovirus Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis 1 10 Years Respiratory droplets Rubella Togavirid ... more details
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