Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date September 2008 Leukocytepromotingfactor is a cytokine hormone that is produced by neutrophils when they encounter a foreign antigen . It stimulates the bone marrow to increase the rate of leukopoiesis , in order to replace the neutrophils that will inevitably be lost when they begin to Phagocytosis phagocytose the foreign antigens. See also White blood cell Leukocytosis Complete blood count Indium 111 WBC scan Leukocyte extravasation Category Cytokines Category Hormones of the blood Category Hematology Biochem stub ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Maturation promotingfactor abbreviated MPF , also called mitosis promotingfactor or M Phase promotingfactor is a protein dimer heterodimeric protein composed of cyclin cyclin B and cyclin dependent kinase Cyclin dependent kinase CDK1 , also known as Cdc2 or p34 kinase that stimulates the mitosis mitotic and meiosis meiotic cell cycle s. MPF promotes the entrance into mitosis from the G2 phase by phosphorylating multiple proteins needed during mitosis. MPF is activated at the end of G sub 2 sub by a phosphatase , which removes an inhibitory phosphate group added earlier. MPF is made of 2 subunits a subunit that transfers phosphate groups from Adenosine triphosphate ATP to specific serine and threonine residues of specific proteins kinase activity cyclin , a regulatory subunit Targets of MPF include condensin s, which enable chromatin condensation see prophase various microtubule associated proteins involved in mitotic spindle formation lamin s, interaction contributing to degradation of the nuclear envelope Histones, H1 and H3 Golgi matrix, to cause fragmentation Inhibition of myosin MPF phosphorylates inhibitory sites on myosin early in mitosis. This prevents cytokinesis . When MPF activity falls at anaphase, the inhibitory sites are dephosphorylated and cytokinesis proceeds. Activation of MPF MPF must be activated in order for the cell to transition from G2 to M phase. There are 3 amino acid residues responsible for this G2 to M phase transition. The threonine 161 Thr 161 on cdk1 must be phosphorylated by a Cyclin Activating Kinase CAK . CAK ... maturation, this cytoplasmic factor was called maturation promotingfactor MPF . Further studies .... Cell cycle proteins Category Proteins Category Cell cycle de Mitose promotingfactor es Factor promotor de la maduraci n hu MPF nl Mitose promotingfactor pt MPF ... anaphase promoting complex APC polyubiquitinates cyclin B, marking it for degradation in a negative ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 expert subject Molecular and Cellular Biology date September 2009 The S phase promoting factor SPF is a Cyclin dependent kinase complex CDK cyclin complex that induces the S phase synthesis phase of the cell cycle . Toward the end of the G1 phase G sub 1 sub phase of mitosis , an SPF is phosphorylated , causing a biochemical cascade that results in the activation of DNA replication protein s and the initiation of the G1 S transition . See also Restriction point Cell cycle proteins Category Cell cycle Category DNA replication Category Enzymes enzyme stub ... more details
of the leukocyte occurs as PECAM 1 PECAM proteins, found on the leukocyte and endothelial ..., the leukocyte must penetrate the basement membrane . The mechanism for penetration is disputed ... selectins bind carbohydrates on leukocyte transmembrane glycoproteins , including Sialyl ... molecules. This increases the initial leukocyte rolling speed, prolonging the slow rolling phase ... integrin domains associate with the leukocyte cytoskeleton, via mediation with cytosolic factors ... into macrophages also activates leukocyte integrins Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Main Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Leukocyte adhesion deficiency LAD is a genetic disease associated with a defect in the leukocyte ... 1998 pages 197 264 pmid 9647866 cite web title Inflammation The Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade url http ... more details
A passenger leukocyte is an Immunology immunological concept that is an important concept in organ transplantation transplantation biology . The term was conined in 1968 when Elkins and Guttmann showed that leukocyte s present in a donor initiate an immune response in the recipient of a transplant. ref Elkins, W.L. and Guttmann, R.D. 1968. Pathogenesis of a local graft versus host reaction immunogecity of circulating host leukocytes. Science 159 1250 ref See also History of immunology References references Category Immunology ... more details
Leukocyte esterase LE is a urine test for the presence of white blood cell s and other abnormalities associated with infection . White blood cells in the urine usually indicate a urinary tract infection . The leukocyte esterase LE test detects esterase , an enzyme released by white blood cells. Positive test results are clinically significant. The LE test is also used to screen for gonorrhea and for amniotic fluid infections. The combination of the LE test with the urinary nitrite test provides an excellent screen for establishing the presence of a urinary tract infection UTI . A urine sample that tests positive for both nitrite and leukocyte esterase should be cultured for pathogenic bacteria . It has been proposed that the reagent strip for leukocyte esterase designed for the testing of urine Combur test UX could be a useful tool for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis SBP. ref name pmid17119690 cite journal author Braga LL, Souza MH, Barbosa AM, Furtado FM, Campelo PA, Ara jo Filho AH title Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients in northeastern Brazil by use of rapid urine screening test journal Revista paulista de medicina volume 124 issue 3 pages 141 4 year 2006 month May pmid 17119690 doi url http www.scielo.br scielo.php?script sci arttext&pid S1516 31802006000300006&lng en&nrm iso&tlng en ref Braga et al. concluded that the Combur test UX urine screening test is a very sensitive and specific method for diagnosing SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. References reflist External links MeshName leukocyte esterase Urine tests Category Urine tests el ... more details
Infobox journal title Journal of Leukocyte Biology cover File JournalofLeukocyteBiologyCover.gif editor Luis J. Montaner discipline Immunology peer reviewed language English language English abbreviation J. Leukoc. Biol. publisher Society for Leukocyte Biology country United States frequency 12 year history 1984 present openaccess After 12 month license impact 4.605 impact year 2008 website http www.jleukbio.org link1 http www.jleukbio.org archive link1 name Archives link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 10186822 LCCN CODEN ISSN 0741 5400 eISSN boxwidth The Journal of Leukocyte Biology JLB has been published by the non profit Society for Leukocyte Biology since 1984, with the goal of promoting research focused on leukocyte physiology and leukocyte behavior within the immune system . As of 2008, its impact factor was assessed to be 4.605. ref http www.jleukbio.org ref JLB publishes articles under the following subject areas ref http www.jleukbio.org misc ifora.dtl JLB Instructions to Authors ref Host defense and pathophysiology Cell development, differentiation, and trafficking Inflammation, extracellular mediators, and effector molecules Receptors, signal transduction, and genes Translational and clinical immunology Systems biology and immunogenetics References reflist Sci journal stub Category Immunology journals Category Publications established in 1984 ... more details
no footnotes date October 2011 Promoting adversaries refers to a Self organizing self organizing tactical relationship between opposing organizations which can be countries, terrorist organizations, businesses, religious institutions, etc. and mixes of any of these, i.e. terrorist org. vs. country in which both opposing sides benefit gain concentrate power or wealth by attacking each other. The relationship usually relies on either side never fully defeating the other, because the whole time their conflict helps both sides while each side also simultaneously takes occasional acceptable losses . The tactic is mutually beneficial, even though it occurs between opposing organizations. Promoting adversaries in military, politics, and economics Promoting adversaries works within a tendency where those opposed are increasingly polarized. When the tactic is used, it has the effect of making those involved in the relationship even more extreme than they were to begin with. Fundamentalist groups become more fanatical ... and nations, agencies, militaries & political parties become more repressive and authoritarian as the time they oppose each other increases in quantity. It is argued by some that the modern day military tactic of suicide bombing emerged from conditions in which one or more promoting adversaries relationships developed. In George Orwell s book Nineteen Eighty Four , the three remaining super nations left in the world profit from attacking each other and do so without end. Promoting adversaries in pop culture and public relations This tactic is dynamically similar to certain publicity techniques, and so can be used by individuals and products seeking to gain concentrate ... on many reality shows on TV... Promoting Adversaries has also been parodied most recently by Stephen ..., which are owned by the same company. Promoting adversaries is a similar concept to the term frenemy ... Promoting Adversaries Category Self organization Category Public relations techniques Category Business ... more details
Wikisource The Imp and the Crust Promoting a Devil also translated as The Imp and the Crust is a short story by Russia n author Leo Tolstoy first published in 1886 . It is a cautionary tale against the dangers of alcohol. Synopsis The story opens with a peasant preparing to plow a field. Having gone without breakfast, he is careful to hide his dinner, a small crust of bread, under his coat. After plowing the field the peasant is hungry and ready for his dinner, but when he picks up his coat he sees that the bread is gone. It had been taken by a little devil, who was convinced that the peasant would become wrathful. Instead, the peasant decided that whoever took his bread must have needed it more than him, and he went on his way. The little devil is brought before the Chief Devil, who is not pleased that the peasant was not corrupted. He threatens to douse the little devil with holy water if he fails again, and the little devil is sent out for another attempt at corrupting the peasant. The little devil takes the guise of a pilgrim, and in this guise he gives the peasant farming advice throughout the seasons. The peasant grows a great surplus, and he begins to live much better than he had. One season, the little devil convinced the peasant to distill his extra corn into vodka , and the peasant takes his advice. The little devil then brings the Chief Devil to see the result of his works. The devils witness a party hosted by the peasant, where all of the guests and the host himself indulge in several glasses of vodka. They start of joking and jovial, but as they consume more vodka, the party goers become more abusive and irate. When they finally leave the party they are thoroughly drunk, falling over each other and landing in the mud. The Chief Devil is astonished. He is convinced that the drink must have been made from the blood of beasts to make the men act to beastly. The little devil explains that it was simply vodka, and he just needed to convince the peasant to turn ... more details
FACTOR the Foundation to Assist Canadian Talent on Records is a private non profit organization, ... dedicated to providing assistance toward the growth and development of the Canadian independent recording industry from http www.factor.ca whatisfactor.html their website . Founded in 1982 , FACTOR has been administering public money since 1986 . From an inaugural budget of 200,000 Canadian dollar CAD , they now distribute over 11.5 million dollars annually. The merit based approach of monetary distribution used by FACTOR and Canadian music video funding organization VideoFACT , is not without critics. In 2009, the organizations came under public scrutiny when a letter written by Unfamiliar Records founder Greg Ipp was republished on the internet ref http www.thedailyswarm.com swarm open letter canadas music industry grant system why does metric mstrkrft and well funded mediocrity get all support ref in turn promoting the idea that bigger image based bands shouldn t be getting such a huge amount of those finite funds as it leaves relatively little, if any, funding for the smaller up and coming bands. ref http www.exclaim.ca articles generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1 134&csid2 844&fid1 39899 ref Notable recording artists who have received FACTOR grants include Alexisonfire Jann Arden Bedouin Soundclash Blue Rodeo Dave Borins Boy Canadian band BOY Jason Collett The Dears K naan Mark Sultan Metric band Metric Michael Kulas Moneen Propaghandi Protest The Hero Sam Roberts The Trews Wolf Parade Woodpigeon band Woodpigeon Xavier Rudd References reflist External links http www.factor.ca The FACTOR website Canada stub Category Canadian music industry ... more details
wiktionarypar factor A factor , a Latin word meaning who which acts , may refer to In commerce Factor agent , a person who acts for another, notably a mercantile and or colonial agent Factor Scotland , a person or firm managing a Scottish estate Factors of production , a resource used in the production of goods and services Factoring finance , an entity providing commercial finance services Max Factor , a cosmetics company founded by Max Factor, Sr. In science An enzyme , proteins that catalyze chemical ... to affect an experiment see design of experiments Sun protection factor , a unit describing reduction in transmitted ultraviolet light Factor B and factor D , peptides involved in the alternate pathway ... non trivial divisors A coefficient , a multiplicative factor in an expression, usually a number A von Neumann algebra with a trivial center Factor graph theory , a spanning subgraph Any finite contiguous subsequence of a Word mathematics word In statistics Factor analysis is the study of how factors ... technology Authentication factor , a piece of information used to verify a person s identity for security purposes Factor programming language , a concatenative stack oriented programming language A substring , a subsequence of consecutive symbols in a string In television The O Reilly Factor , an American talk show hosted by Bill O Reilly on Fox News The Krypton Factor , a British game show hosted by Gordon Burns, formerly on ITV The Krypton Factor US game show The Krypton Factor US game show American version People Max Factor, Sr. , a Polish American businessman and cosmetician Max Factor, Jr. , son of the above, born Francis Factor John Factor , a Prohibition era gangster Organizations FACTOR , the Foundation to Assist Canadian Talent on Records disambig ar ca Factor cs Faktor da Faktor de Faktor es Factor eu Faktore argipena fr Facteur io Faktoro it Fattori nl Factor ja no Faktor pl Faktor ro Factor ru simple Factor sk Faktor fi Faktori sv Faktor uk ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 orphan February 2009 notability May 2008 Factor T is a book first published in 1956 written by the Polish writer, philosopher, filmmaker, composer and poet Stefan Themerson . ref cite journal last Wisdom first J. O. authorlink John Wisdom year 1958 month May title Review journal The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science volume 9 issue 33 pages 84 85 url http www.jstor.org sici?sici 0007 0882 195805 9 3A33 3C84 3AFT 3E2.0.CO 3B2 F accessdate 2008 05 14 doi 10.1093 bjps IX.33.84 ref Factor T is based upon Themerson s theory that the eternal tragedy factor T of humanity is found in the conflict between the urge to satisfy certain desires and the aversion against the actions required for such a satisfaction. References reflist Category 1956 books Category Polish non fiction books philo book stub nl Factor T ... more details
Infobox television show name The It Factor image caption show name 2 genre Reality television format creator developer writer director creative director presenter starring judges voices narrated theme music composer opentheme endtheme composer country United States language English language English num seasons 2 num episodes list episodes executive producer producer editor location cinematography camera runtime 30 minutes company distributor channel Bravo US TV channel Bravo picture format audio format first run first aired Start date 2002 1 6 last aired End date 2003 3 31 status Ended preceded by followed by related website production website The It Factor is a reality television show that aired on the Bravo US TV network Bravo network. It followed actors trying to lead successful careers. The show lasted for two seasons. The first season profiled actors in New York City and the second season profiled actors in Los Angeles . Notable actors who appeared on the show include Oscar nominee Jeremy Renner , model actress LisaRaye , Michaela Conlin who went on to become a regular on the TV series Bones TV series Bones , and Godfrey comedian Godfrey who became a spokesman for 7 Up . External links imdb title 0307762 The It Factor imdb title 0348510 The It Factor Los Angeles DEFAULTSORT It Factor Category 2000s American television series Category 2002 American television series debuts Category 2003 American television series endings Category American reality television series Category Bravo U.S. television series US reality tv stub ... more details
refimprove date January 2008 Infobox Disease Name Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 116920 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 1302 MeshID D018370 Leukocyte adhesion deficiency LAD , is a rare autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infection s. ref name titleLeukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Immunodeficiency Disorders Merck Manual Professional cite web url http www.merck.com mmpe sec13 ch164 ch164k.html title Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Immunodeficiency Disorders Merck Manual Professional accessdate 2008 03 01 work ref Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is divided into at least two subtypes Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 LAD1 and Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 2 LAD2 . Characteristics LAD was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity in the 1970s. The classic descriptions of LAD included recurrent bacteria l infection s, defects in neutrophil cell adhesion adhesion , and a delay in umbilical cord sloughing. The defects in cell adhesion adhesion result in poor neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis . Individuals with LAD suffer from bacteria l infection s beginning in the neonate neonatal period. Infections such as omphalitis , pneumonia , gingivitis , and peritonitis are common and often life threatening due to the infant s inability to properly destroy the invading ... of infection. Cause and Genetics Image Autorecessive.jpg thumb right Leukocyte adhesion deficiency ... CD18 , of the leukocyte cell adhesion molecule , which is found on Chromosome 21 human chromosome ... NG title Leukocyte adhesion deficiency a rare disorder of inflammation journal Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ... also Leukocyte adhesion cascade External links http www.primaryimmune.org Immune Deficiency Foundation http www.ladinfo.org Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Web Site References reflist Myeloid and complement immunodeficiency DEFAULTSORT Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Category Autosomal recessive disorders ... more details
Leukocyte adhesion molecule deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and impaired neutrophil migration. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 87 See also Skin lesion Leukocyte adhesion deficiency References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Category Noninfectious immunodeficiency related cutaneous conditions ... more details
Infobox disease Name Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB 29751 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 116920 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 LAD1 is a rare and often fatal genetic disorder in humans. Mechanism LAD1 is caused by mutations in the ITGB2 gene which are Mendelian inheritance inherited recessive autorecessively . This gene encodes CD18 , a protein present in several cell surface receptor complexes found on white blood cells , ref name Etzioni Etzioni A, Harlan JM. Cell adhesion and leukocyte adhesion defects. In Ochs HD, Smith CIE, Puck JM, eds. Primary immunodeficiency diseases a molecular and genetic approach. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2007 550 564. ref including lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 LFA 1 , Macrophage 1 antigen complement receptor 3 CR 3 , and Integrin alphaXbeta2 complement receptor 4 CR 4 . The deficiency of LFA 1 causes neutrophil s to be unable to adhere to and migrate out of blood vessels, so their counts can be high. It also impairs immune cell interaction, immune recognition, and cytotoxicity cell killing lymphocyte functions. The lack of CR3 interferes with chemotaxis , phagocytosis , and respiratory burst . Signs The main sign of the disease is life threatening, recurrent Pathogenic bacteria bacterial or Mycosis fungal soft tissue infections. These infections are often apparent at birth and may spread Systemic disease throughout the body . Other signs include delayed separation of the umbilical cord , periodontal disease , elevated neutrophils, and impaired wound healing , but not increased vulnerability to viral infection s or cancer . Such patients have fever as the menifestation of infection, inflammatory responses are indolent. Diagnosis Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies is used to screen for deficiencies of CD18. Epidemiology ... Etzioni first1 A. last2 first2 year 2010 title Defects in the leukocyte adhesion cascade journal Clinic ... more details
The leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptors LILR are a protein family family of Receptor biochemistry receptors possessing extracellular immunoglobulin domains . ref name pmid15242876 cite journal author David E. Sloane, Nicodemus Tedla, Muyiwa Awoniyi, Donald W. MacGlashan Jr., Luis Borges, K. Frank Austen & Jonathan P. Arm title Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptors novel innate receptors for human basophil activation and inhibition journal Blood journal Blood volume 104 issue 9 pages 2832 2839 year 2004 month November pmid 15242876 doi 10.1182 blood 2004 01 0268 url http bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org cgi reprint 104 9 2832.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF ref They are also known as CD85 , ILTs and LIR, and can exert immunomodulatory effects on a wide range of immune cells. ref name pmid15304001 Damian Brown, Rachel L Allen, & John Trowsdale. The LILR family modulators of innate and adaptive immune pathways in health and disease. Tissue Antigens 2004 64 215 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1111 j.0001 2815.2004.00290.x pdf ref The human genes encoding these receptors are found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. They include LILRA1 LILRA2 LILRA3 LILRA4 LILRA5 LILRA6 LILRB1 LILRB2 LILRB3 LILRB4 LILRB5 LILRB6 or LILRA6 LILRB7 or LILRA5 A subset of LILR recognise MHC class I also known as Human leukocyte antigen HLA class I in humans . Of these, the inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2 show a broad specificity for classical and non classical MHC alleles with preferential binding to Beta 2 microglobulin b2m associated complexes. In contrast, the activating receptors LILRA1 and LILRA3 prefer b2m independent free heavy chains of MHC class I, and in particular HLA C alleles. ref name pmid21270408 cite journal author Jones DC, Kosmoliaptsis V, Apps R, Lapaque N, Smith I, Kono A, Chang C, Boyle LH, Taylor CJ, Trowsdale J, Allen RL title HLA class I allelic sequence and conformation regulate leukocyte Ig like receptor binding journal J Immunol ... more details
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor SLPI is a highly cationic single chain protein with eight intramolecular disulfide bond s. It is found in large quantities in bronchial, cervical, and nasal mucosa , saliva, and seminal fluids. SLPI inhibits human leukocyte elastase , human cathepsin G , human trypsin , neutrophil elastase, and mast cell chymase . X ray crystallography has shown that SLPI has two Homology biology homologous domains of 53 and 54 amino acids, one of which exhibits anti protease activity C terminal end C terminal domain . The other domain N terminal end N terminal domain is not known to have any function. Role in diseases The gene for SLPI is expressed by cells at many mucosal surfaces located in the tissues of the lungs, cervix, seminal vesicle s, and parotid duct s. SLPI is also one of the dominantly present proteins in nasal epithelial lining fluid and other nasal secretions. Many diseases, such as emphysema , cystic fibrosis , and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , are characterized by increased levels of neutrophil elastase. SLPI is one of the major defenses against the destruction of pulmonary tissues and epithelial tissues by neutrophil elastase. SLPI is considered to be the predominant elastase inhibitor in secretions, while Alpha 1 antitrypsin 1 antitrypsin is the predominant elastase inhibitor in tissues. Several diseases, including those listed, are actually the result of SLPI and 1 antitrypsin defenses being overwhelmed by neutrophil elastase. It has been suggested that recombinant human SLPI be administered to treat symptoms of cystic fibrosis, genetic emphysema, and asthma . In addition, SLPI has occasionally been monitored in an effort to coordinate its levels with different pathological conditions. Increased levels of SLPI in nasal secretions and bronchoalveolar fluids may be denotive of inflammatory lung conditions or allergic reactions .... Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor A Human Saliva Protein Exhibiting Anti Human Immunodeficiency ... more details
PBB geneid 4058 Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTK gene . ref name pmid2320375 cite journal author Maru Y, Hirai H, Takaku F title Human ltk gene structure and preferential expression in human leukemic cells journal Oncogene Res volume 5 issue 3 pages 199 204 year 1990 month May pmid 2320375 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene LTK leukocyte tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 4058 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ALK LTK receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases RTKs whose ligand is unknown ref cite journal last Lopes first Susana year 2008 ref . Closely related to the insulin receptor family of RTKs. Tyrosine specific phosphorylation of proteins is a key to the control of diverse pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. ref name entrez Interactions LTK has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with IRS 1 , Src homology 2 domain containing Shc , and PIK3R1 . ref name pmid8084603 cite journal quotes yes last Kozutsumi first H authorlink coauthors Toyoshima H, Hagiwara K, Yazaki Y, Hirai H year 1994 month Oct. title Human ltk receptor tyrosine kinase binds to PLC gamma 1, PI3 K, GAP and Raf 1 in vivo journal Oncogene volume 9 issue ... for the survival signal of leukocyte tyrosine kinase journal Oncogene volume 14 issue 25 pages ... spliced cDNAs of human leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor tyrosine kinase predict receptor proteins ... and survival signals transmitted via two distinct NPXY motifs within leukocyte tyrosine kinase, an insulin .... title The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway is required for the survival signal of leukocyte tyrosine ... more details
The dog leukocyte antigen DLA is a part of the major hisocompatability complex MHC in dogs, the DLA encodes for genes in the MHC. The DLA and MHC system are interchangeable terms in canines. The MHC plays a critical role in the immune response system and consists of three regions, class I, class II and class III. DLA is associated with the first two classes which are involved in the regulation of antigens in the immune system. The class II genes are highly polymorphic with many different alleles haplotypes that have been linked to diseases, alergies, and autoimmune conditions such as diabetes , polyarthritus, and hypothyroidism in canines. There s likely hundreds of immunologically relevant genes making up the DLA region in the canine genome , as of present date the complete characteristics of the gene is unknown. MHC genes represent candidate susceptibility in canines some alleles promote protection against immune mediated diseases and some increase susceptibility. For example certain combinations of the DLA DRB1 and DQ alleles are most favorable for good immune regulation. These alleles help balance immune surveillance and immune response without increasing the risk of developing an autoimmune condition. Different canine breeds have MHC DLA allele association these genes exhibit more inter breed differentiation than intra breed differentiation. Dogs have been selectively bred for different genotypes and phenotypes, selection in the DLA genome can lead to an increase in the prevalence of immune mediated diseases. Due to selective breeding some breeds have become restricted in their DLA genes which explain the different immune responses in different breeds. This is because ... that there is a link between diabetes and MHC genes. Dog leukocyte antigen has been found to be the genetic ..., L., Millon L, FAU Greer, K., et al. Dog leukocyte antigen class II associated genetic risk testing ... Johnson, E. G., et al. Expanded dog leukocyte antigen DLA single nucleotide polymorphism SNP genotyping ... more details
File HLA.svg frame right HLA region of Chromosome 6 The human leukocyte antigen HLA system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex MHC in humans. The super locus genetics locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6 , and encodes cell surface antigen presenting proteins and has many other functions. The HLA genes are the human versions of the MHC genes that are found in most vertebrates and thus are the most studied of the MHC genes . The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens , as a result of their History and naming of human leukocyte antigens historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. The major HLA antigens are essential elements for immune function. Different classes have different functions HLAs corresponding to MHC class I HLA A A , HLA B B , and HLA C C present peptides from inside the cell including viral peptides if present . These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasome s. In general, the peptides are small polymer s, about 9 amino acid s in length. Foreign antigens attract killer T cell s also called CD8 positive or cytotoxic T cells that destroy cells. HLAs corresponding to MHC class II HLA DP DP , HLA DM DM , HLA DOA DOA , HLA DOB DOB , HLA DQ DQ , and HLA DR DR present antigens from outside of the cell to T lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T helper cell s, which in turn stimulate antibody producing B cell B cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self antigens are suppressed by Regulatory T cell suppressor T cells . HLAs corresponding to MHC ... prefix and locus notation. further2 History and naming of human leukocyte antigens Variability Image ... Human leukocyte antigens References Reflist 2 Surface antigens Category Immune system Category Immunology ... ca Antigen leucocitari hum de Human Leukocyte Antigen es Ant genos leucocitarios humanos eu ... more details
Image Modafinil.svg right thumb 200px Modafinil , a prototypical example of a wakefulness promoting agent. A wakefulness promoting agent is a type of psychoactive drug which improves wakefulness and alertness , and reduces tiredness , drowsiness , and the need for sleep . They are often used in the treatment of hypersomnia and narcolepsy . The functional opposites of wakefulness promoting agents would be hypnotic s sedative s like antihistamine s, opioids , and benzodiazepine s. The prototype drug in this class is modafinil , and other drugs include adrafinil and armodafinil . The primary difference between these drugs and amphetamine like stimulant s is that wakefulness promoting agents trigger activation of neurons in the hypothalamus based wakefulness circuits, as opposed to producing diffuse neuronal activation. ref cite journal authors Ballon, D.D. Feifel, D. title A systematic review of modafinil potential clinical uses and mechanisms of action. journal J. Clin Psychiatry year 2006 volume 67 issue 4 pages 554 66 url http article.psychiatrist.com dao 1 login.asp?ID 10002519&RSID 34201655661361 accessdate June 11, 2010 ref See also Stimulant References Reflist Stimulants Category Stimulants nervous system drug stub ... more details
The Society for Promoting the Employment of Women SPEW was one of the earliest British women s organisations. The society was established in 1859 by Jessie Boucherett , Barbara Bodichon and Adelaide Anne Proctor to promote the training and employment of women. ref cite book first Peter last Gordon first2 David last2 Doughan title Dictionary of British Women s Organisations, 1825 1960 year 2001 publisher Woburn Press location London & Portland, Or. ISBN 0 7130 0223 9 contribution Society for Promoting the Employment of Women pages 129 30 ref In its early years it was affiliated to the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science , though formal connections between them were severed in 1889. The society s journal was the English Women s Journal . ref name Janus Though renamed the Society for Promoting the Training of Women SPTW in 1926, the society is still in existence. Its papers are held at Girton College, Cambridge . ref name Janus http janus.lib.cam.ac.uk db node.xsp?id EAD 2FGBR 2F0271 2FGCIP 20SPTW Janus Society for Promoting the Training of Women ref References reflist UK stub Category Organizations established in 1859 Category Women s organisations in the United Kingdom Category 1859 establishments in the United Kingdom ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Association for Promoting the Economy of Macau Associa o Promotora para a Economia de Macau is a political party in the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China , a former Portugal Portuguese possession. Macau is an entity in which political parties don t play a role. Though some civic groups put forward lists at the elections. Macanese political parties DEFAULTSORT Association For Promoting The Economy Of Macau Category Political parties in Macau Macau party stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Union for Promoting Progress Zh t s , Lang pt Uni o Promotora para o Progresso is a political party in the People s Republic of China Chinese Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China Special Administrative Region of Macau , a former Portugal Portuguese possession. Macau is a state in which political parties don t play a role. Though some civic groups put forward lists at the elections and might be considered parties. At the last elections in Macau , 25 September 2005, the group won 9.6 of the popular vote and 2 out of 12 popular elected seats. Elected Members Iong Weng Ian 2001 present Leong Heng Teng 2001 present Macauan political parties DEFAULTSORT Union For Promoting Progress Category Political parties in Macau Macau party stub ... more details
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