. By this process the lichenin is dissolved and on cooling separates as a colorless jelly. Iodine imparts no color to it. ref Cite NIE Lichenin year 1905 vb 1 ref Other uses of the name In his 1960 novel Trouble with Lichen , John Wyndham gives the name Lichenin to a biochemical extract of lichen used ... Lichens biochem stub de Lichenin fa ... more details
wiktionary Glucanases are enzyme s that break down a glucan , a polysaccharide made of several glucose sub units. As they perform hydrolysis of the glucosidic bond, they are hydrolase s. glucanases 1,4 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,4 glucan s 1,6 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,6 glucan s Pullulanase , a specific kind of glucanase that degrades pullulan glucanases 1,3 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,3 glucan s such as callose or curdlan 1,6 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,6 glucan s Cellulase , an enzyme that perform the hydrolysis of 1,4 beta D glucosidic linkages in cellulose , lichenin and cereal beta D glucan s. Xyloglucan specific endo beta 1,4 glucanase Xyloglucan specific exo beta 1,4 glucanase Occurrences Glucanases can be produced by Neocallimastigomycota , a phylum of anaerobic fungi found in the digestive tracts of herbivores. See also Glycoside hydrolase s, a family of enzyme that cut a glycoside from a non glycosidic molecule Glycoside hydrolase family 5 Glycoside hydrolase family 16 Glycoside hydrolase family 17 Category Hydrolases enzyme stub ... more details
Not to be confused with glycan . A glucan molecule is a polysaccharide of D glucose monomers ref MeshName Glucans ref linked by glycosidic bond s. Many beta glucans are medically important. Types The following are glucans The and and numbers clarify the type of O glycosidic bond . Alpha main Alpha glucan dextran , 1,6 glucan with 1,3 branches glycogen , 1,4 and 1,6 glucan pullulan , 1,4 and 1,6 glucan starch , 1,4 and 1,6 glucan Beta main Beta glucan cellulose , 1,4 glucan curdlan , 1,3 glucan laminarin , 1,3 and 1,6 glucan chrysolaminarin , 1,3 glucan lentinan , a strictly purified 1,6 1,3 glucan from Lentinus edodes lichenin , 1,3 and 1,4 glucan pleuran , 1,3 and 1,6 glucan isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus zymosan , 1,3 glucan Properties Properties of Glucans include resistance to oral acids enzyme and water insolubility.Glucans extracted from grains tend to be both soluble and insoluble. See also Fructan Glucanase References reflist Carbohydrates Category Polysaccharides biochem stub cs Glukan da Glucan de Glucane fr Glucane nl Glucaan ja sv Glukan zh ... more details
italictitle Taxobox image Nodobryoria oregana 47139.jpg image width 240px image caption The budding apothecium of Nodobryoria oregana regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Ascomycetes ordo Lecanorales familia Parmeliaceae genus Nodobryoria genus authority Ralph S. Common Common & Irwin Murray Brodo Brodo type species Nodobryoria subdivergens type species authority A. Eilif Dahl .E. Dahl Irwin Murray Brodo Brodo & David Leslie Hawksworth D. Hawksw. subdivision ranks Species subdivision Nodobryoria abbreviata N. abbreviata br Nodobryoria oregana N. oregana br Nodobryoria subdivergens N. subdivergens Nodobryoria is a genus of medium to large, reddish brown lichen s that are hair like to shrubby in shape and grow on conifer trees. ref name Brodo2001 cite book author Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD, Sharnoff S. title Lichens of North America publisher Yale University Press location New Haven, Connecticut year 2001 pages isbn 0 300 08249 5 ref The genus contains three species, distributed in North America and Greenland , ref name Kirk2008 cite book author Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. title Dictionary of the Fungi. edition 10th publisher CABI location Wallingford year 2008 page 470 isbn 9780851998268 ref which were previously included in the genus Bryoria . ref cite journal author Common RS, Brodo IM. year 2001 title Bryoria sect. subdivergentes recognized as the new genus Nodobryoria lichenized Ascomycotina journal The Bryologist volume 98 issue 2 pages 189 206 jstor 3243304 ref Nodobryoria is similar in appearance to Bryoria , but is differentiated because it does not contain the polysaccharide lichenin which is present in high quantities in Bryoria , ref cite journal author Common RS. year 1991 title The distribution and taxonomic significance of lichenan and isolichenan in the Parmeliaceae lichenized Ascomycotina , as determined by iodine reactions I. Introduction and methods. II. The genus Alectoria and associated taxa journal Mycotaxon volume 41 issue 1 ... more details
Taxobox name Iceland moss image Cetraria islandica K hler s Medizinal Pflanzen 032.jpg image width 235px regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Lecanoromycetes ordo Lecanorales familia Parmeliaceae genus Cetraria species C. islandica binomial Cetraria islandica binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. Erik Acharius Ach. Iceland moss Cetraria islandica is a lichen whose erect or ascending foliaceous habit gives it something of the appearance of a moss , whence probably the name. It is often of a pale chestnut color, but varies considerably, being sometimes almost entirely greyish white and grows to a height of from 3 to 4 in., the branches being channelled or rolled into tubes, which terminate in flattened lobes with fringed edges. Image Cetraria islandica.jpg thumb left 200px Iceland Moss It grows abundantly in the mountainous regions of northern countries, and it is specially characteristic of the lava slopes and plains of the west and north of Iceland . It is found on the mountains of north Wales , north England , Scotland and south west Ireland . In North America its range extends through Arctic regions, from Alaska to Newfoundland, and south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, and to the Appalachian Mountains of New England. As met with in commerce it is a light grey harsh cartilaginous body, almost destitute of color, and having a slightly bitter taste. It contains about 70 of lichenin or lichen starch , a body isomeric with common starch , but wanting any appearance of structure. It also yields a peculiar modification of chlorophyll called thallochlor , fumaric acid , lichenostearic acid , and cetraric acid to which last it owes its bitter taste . It forms a nutritious and easily digested amylaceous food, being used in place of starch in some preparations of Hot chocolate cocoa . It also contains lichesterinic acid and protolichesterinic acids It is not, however, in great demand, and even in Iceland it is only occasionally used to make folk medicines, ref http www ... more details
infobox enzyme Name Cellulase EC number 3.2.1.4 CAS number 9012 54 8 IUBMB EC number 3 2 1 4 GO code 0008810 image cellulase 1JS4.jpg width 260px caption Model of cellulase enzyme, produced by T. fusca , based on Protein Data Bank PDB structure 1JS4 image 1NLRribbon.png 400px thumb right alt Colored dice with checkered background Ribbon representation of the Streptomyces lividans beta 1,4 endoglucanase catalytic domain an example from the family 12 glycoside hydrolases ref name pmid9440876 PDB 1NLR cite journal author Sulzenbacher G, Shareck F, Morosoli R, Dupont C, and Davies GJ title The Streptomyces lividans family 12 endoglucanase construction of the catalytic cre, expression, and X ray structure at 1.75 resolution journal Biochemistry volume 36 pages 16032 16039 year 1997 pmid 9440876 doi 10.1021 bi972407v url issn rendered with http pymol.sourceforge.net PyMOL ref Cellulase refers to a suite of enzymes produced chiefly by fungi , bacteria , and protozoan s that catalyze cellulolysis i.e. the hydrolysis of cellulose . However, there are also cellulases produced by a few other types of organisms, such as some termite s and the microbial intestinal symbionts of other termites. ref http www.nature.com nature journal v394 n6691 abs 394330a0.html A cellulase gene of termite origin. Watanabe H., Hiroaki Noda, Tokuda G., Lo N. 1998 Nature 394, 330 331 Andreas Brune and Moriya Ohkuma, Role of the termite gut macrobiota in symbiotic digestion , in David Edward Bignell, ed., Biology of Termites A Modern Synthesis 2010 ch. 16. ref Several different kinds of cellulases are known, which differ structurally and mechanistically. Reaction Hydrolysis of 1,4 beta D glycosidic linkage s in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta D glucans. Other names for endoglucanases are endo 1,4 beta glucanase, carboxymethyl cellulase CMCase , endo 1,4 beta D glucanase, beta 1,4 glucanase, beta 1,4 endoglucan hydrolase, and celludextrinase. The other types of cellulases are called exocellulases ... more details
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