A Likertscale IPAc en icon l k r t ref cite web last Wuensch first Karl L. url http core.ecu.edu psyc wuenschk StatHelp Likert.htm title What is a LikertScale? and How Do You Pronounce Likert? publisher ... with rating scale , or more accurately the Likert type scale , even though the two are not synonymous. The scale is named after its inventor, psychologist Rensis Likert . ref Cite journal last ... Archives of Psychology volume 140 pages 1 55 year 1932 ref Likert distinguished between a scale ... in which responses are scored along a range. Technically speaking, a Likertscale refers only ... presented using a five point Likert item File Example Likert Scale.svg thumb A Likertscale pertaining ... between a Likertscale and a Likert item . The Likertscale is the sum of responses on several Likert items. Because Likert items are often accompanied by a visual analog scale e.g., a horizontal ..., to reserve the term Likertscale to apply to the summed scale, and Likert item to refer to an individual ... Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Agree Strongly agree Likert scaling is a bipolar Scale social ... a 4 point and a 5 point Likertscale, where the former has the neutral option unavailable, the overall ... Likert Type Scale . Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 64, pp359 362. ref Likert scales may be subject ... structure of the Likertscale is such that each progressive Likert item is treated as having ... 5 point LikertScale, the inference is that the distance between items 1 and 2 is the same as between ... LikertScale Poor, Average, Good, Very Good is unlikely to be equidistant as there is only one item .... A good Likertscale, as above, will present a symmetry of Likert items about ... a Likertscale is symmetric and equidistant that it will behave more like an interval level measurement. So while a Likertscale is Level of measurement ordinal which cannot be denied if it is well presented, then it may be possible the LikertScale can approximate an interval level measurement ... more details
Likert may refer to Rensis Likert , an American educator and organizational psychologist best known for his research on management styles the Likertscale developed by Rensis Likert, a measuring device used in quantitative social science Likert s Management Systems , styles of management developed by Rensis Likert disambig ... more details
coord LAT LONG display inline,title nationality American known for LikertScale , Likert s Management ... on management styles. He is also famous for developing the LikertScale , a psychometric scale commonly involved in research using questionnaires and the linking pin model . Likert was known for his ... hand, advocated for open ended questions, even though his famous LikertScale is composed of Closed ... Scale Main LikertScaleLikert developed the Likertscale in 1932, and used it to identify the extent of a person s beliefs, attitudes, or feelings towards some object. The traditional Likertscale asks ...Infobox person name Rensis Likert image image size alt caption birth name birth date birth date 1903 ... partner children parents George Herbert Likert, Cora A. relations awards signature signature alt morefootnotes date April 2011 Rensis Likert IPAc en icon l k r t respell LIK rt 5 August 1903&ndash .... 2011. http www.isr.umich.edu home anniversary timeline.html . ref Personal life Rensis Likert was born in Cheyenne, Wyoming to George Herbert Likert and Cora A. n e Zonne Likert, where his father was an engineer with the Union Pacific Railroad . After training to be an engineer, the younger Likert ... and caused him to study organizations and their behavior for the rest of his life. Likert received ... experimental and incorporated many aspects of modern psychology . In 1932 Likert received a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University . In his thesis, he devised a survey scaleLikert Scales for measuring attitudes and showed that it captured more information than competing methods. The 1 5 Likert Scales would eventually become Likert s best known work. Likert died, 3 September 1981 in Ann Arbor ... Likert, 1903 1981 . Leslie Kish 1982 . The American Statistician, Vol. 36, No. 2 pp. 124 12 ref Professional achievements Rensis Likert was a founder of the University of Michigan s Institute for Social ... Rensis Likert Associates to consult for numerous corporations. He also helped found what is now known ... more details
wiktionarypar scaleScale can refer to the following Length Architect s scale , a ruler like device which facilitates the production of technical drawings Engineer s scale , a ruler like device similar to the Architect s scale, they are helpful when drawing rooms Linear encoder , a kind of linear scale used in precision manufacturing for positioning Linear scale , a means of showing the scale of a map, chart, or drawing Vernier scale , a scale that allows for higher precision than a uniformly divided straight or circular measurement scale Locations Scales, South Lakeland , a village in Cumbria ... Scales Scales family Mathematics Scale descriptive set theory , an object defined on a set of points for example real numbers and used for a wide variety of applications Scale parameter , a description ... used to measure a particular research topic. Very often they are presented in the form of Likertscale . Music Musical scale , a sequence of ordered musical notes Scale string instruments , the sounding length of the strings of an instrument Scale album Scale album , an album by electronic artist Matthew Herbert The Scale , a song by Interpol from Our Love to Admire People Scales surname Physics Weighing scale , an instrument used to determine the weight or mass of an object Ratio Scale model List of rail transport modelling scale standards List of scale model sizes Rail transport modelling scales model railroading Representation systems Scale, a linear or curved surface dial with calibrated ... philosophy Duration scale , an ordering of time intervals from shortest to longest Measurement , referring ... in size and complexity Scale factor , a number which scales, or multiplies, some quantity Scale factor Universe , a function of time which represents the expansion of the universe Scale map Scale parameter , a numerical parameter in statistics Scale ratio Scale social sciences Scale spatial , an informal system of general size categorizations Scaling geometry Economies of scale Structures ... more details
Likert s Management Systems ref Modaff, D.P., Butler, J.A., DeWine, S. 2008 . Organizational Communication Foundations, Challenges, and Misunderstandings Third Edition . Glenview Pearson Education, 59 62 ref are management styles developed by Rensis Likert in the 1960s. He outlined four systems of management to describe the relationship, involvement, and roles of managers and subordinates in industrial settings. He based the systems on studies of highly productive supervisors and their team members of an American Insurance Company. Later, he and Jane G. Likert revised the systems to apply to educational settings. They initially intended to spell out the roles of principals, students, and teachers eventually others such as superintendents, administrators, and parents were included. ref Hall, J. W. 1972 . A Comparison of Halpin and Croft s Organizational Climates and Likert and Likert s Organizational Systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17 4 , 586 590. ref Management Systems Exploitative authoritative I Exploitative Authoritative is rooted in Scientific management classical theory . In this system, managers tend to use threat s, fear , and punishment to motivate their workers. Managers at the top of the hierarchy make all of the decisions and are usually unaware of the problems faced by those in the lower levels of the organization. Decisions are imposed on Hierarchy subordinates , and motivation is characterized by threats. ref Rensis Likert Management Systems and Styles . 2011 . Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http www.accel team.com human relations hrels 04 likert.html ref The orders issued from the top make up the goals for the organization. As a result, workers tend to be hostile toward organizational goals and may engage in behavior that is counter to those goals. Benevolent authoritative II Less controlling than the exploitative authoritative system, under ... System IV Likert argued that the participative system was the most effective form of management ... more details
The in scale , which contains semitone s, according to a traditional theory is one of two pentatonic scale s used in much Japanese music , excluding gagaku and Buddhism Buddhist chanting. The in scale is used specifically in music for the koto musical instrument koto and shamisen and is contrasted with the yo scale yo scale , which does not contain semitones. ref Titon, Jeff Todd 1996 . Worlds of Music An Introduction to the Music of the World s Peoples , p.372. ISBN 0 02 872612 X. ref Image In scale.png 550px thumb center In scale on D with auxiliary notes F & C audio In scale.mid Play . More recent theory ref Koizumi Fumio 1974 . Nihon no ongaku Japanese music , 76. Tokyo National Theater of Japan. ref emphasizes that it is more useful in interpreting Japanese melody to view scales on the basis of nuclear tones located a perfect fourth fourth apart and containing notes between them, as in the miyako bushi scale used in koto and shamisen music and whose pitches are equivalent to the in scale ref Titon 1996 , 373. ref Image Miyako bushi scale.png 550px thumb center Miyako bushi scale on D, equivalent to in scale on D, with brackets on fourths audio Miyako bushi scale.mid Play . In scale in the other musical traditions Some rare examples of ancient genres of Andean music e.g. k antu use a scale similar to the in scale combined with melody leading with a parallel Perfect fifth fifths and Perfect fourth fourths . For example listen Machulas Kantu by Bolivia Manta folk group Wi ayataqui , 1981 . Source reflist Scales japan music stub Category Musical scales Category Japanese music Category Andean music ... more details
S Scale or S gauge is a model railroad scale modeled at 1 64 scale , S scale track gauge space between the rails is RailGauge 22.42mm . ref http nasg.org standards standards S3.html National Association .... S gauge is sometimes confused with Standard Gauge toy trains standard gauge , a large scale standard for toy trains in the early part of the 20th century. History S Scale is one of the oldest model railroading scales. The earliest known 1 64 scale train was constructed from card in 1896. ref name ukhistory http www.s scale.org.uk history.htm S Scale MRS Standards History ref The first working ... when American Flyer marketed a 1 64 scale train that ran on three rail track similar to that of Lionel ... S Scale Model Railroading S Scale History ref for greater realism, and S gauge entered what many consider its heyday although there is more available in S scale today than was available during this period ... in 1989 and delivered their first S products in 1990. And while the S scale market has seen a number of brass model manufacturers, today the major brass model supplier in S scale S gauge is http www.riverraisinmodels.com River Raisin Models . Today s S gauge S scale modelers have a greater selection ... S scale structures, detail parts, figures, other scenic items, bridges, and more. Terminology Strictly speaking, scale is the relation of the size of a model to that of its prototype , and gauge is simply the distance between the railheads. However, within the modeling community the terms scale and gauge ... S scale has been adopted by the adherents of this higher fidelity approach. Examples of scale works ... all forms of S gauge model railroading. The http www.s scale.org.uk S Scale Model Railway Society also works to promote the scale in the UK. More S scale organizations can be found http www.sscalenews.com organizations.html here . Notable Layouts The largest S Scale layout in the United States ... DEFAULTSORT S Scale Category Model railroad scales Category Scale model scales de Nenngr e S ja S ... more details
distinguish2 TT scale 1 120 unreferenced date April 2010 Infobox Model Rail Scale name T scale image caption Image T review 04.jpg 300px scale 0.0267 in. 1 ft. ratio 1 450 Japanese Cape Gauge br 1 480 Standard gauge gauge RailGauge 3mm prototype gauge commercially available models are of RailGauge 1067mm narrow Cape gauge T scale 1 450 , a.k.a. T Gauge , is a model railroad scale with a gauge of RailGauge 3mm . It was introduced at the Tokyo Toy Show in 2006 by KK Eishindo of Japan, and went on sale in 2007. It is presently the smallest commercial model train scale in the world. Since mid 2009, Railway Shop Hong Kong is the exclusive licensed manufacturer. The models are powered with a battery powered throttle with optional AC adapter at a maximum output of 4.5 V DC. To improve power pickup and tractive effort, the powered cars are fitted with magnet ic wheels, and the track has steel rails. The first train released is the Japanese 103 series commuter train in different versions. Each standard trainset comes with two powered cars, which are located in the center of the train. The front and rear cars are equipped with directional headlights. The tiny pantograph rail pantograph s are made of etched stainless steel. The Hankyu Railway 9000 EMU Series and the Kiha 40 DMU were added to the line of available trainsets in early 2010, and feature improved mechanisms for better performance ... street furniture is available, as well as a street decoration decal sheet, which comes with a scale ... in G Scale model railroading. The set includes an oval of track, a special riding style locomotive and cars, and G scale figures to ride the train. T scale trains may be used with model airplanes and model airports in the 1 400 1 500 scale range. Eishindo has been planning to produce a modest line of airplanes and accessories of their own. See also ZZ scale Z scale Rail transport modelling scales Model railway scales External links Commons Category T scale T scale ja en http www.kk eishindo.co.jp ... more details
Infobox Album Name Not to Scale Type Album Artist Kerfuffle Commented out because image was deleted Cover Kerfuffle Not to Scale.gif Released 14th June 2003 Recorded March 2003 at Ois n Studios Genre Folk music Folk Cover Nottoscale kerfuffle.jpg Length 45 11 Label RootBeat Records Producer Ste f n Hannigan Reviews The Living Tradition http www.folkmusic.net htmfiles webrevs rbrcd01.htm NetRhythms http www.netrhythms.co.uk reviewsk.html kerfuffle Last album This album Not to Scale br 2003 Next album K2 Kerfuffle album K2 br 2004 Not to Scale is the first album by folk band Kerfuffle . Track listing Track listing writing credits yes total length title1 Catharsis Peterman Siobhan O Donnell s writer1 Amy Cann Kathryn Tickell Trad. length1 4 20 title2 Ahma Ruchenitsa Farewell to Chernobyl writer2 Maria Kalaniemi Trad. Michael Ferry length2 7 31 title3 If I Was a Blackbird writer3 Trad. length3 5 25 title4 Quendale Bay writer4 Phil Cunningham length4 4 03 title5 Mick s Knitted Triplets The Ash Plant The Bonny Isle of Whalsay writer5 Jennifer Wrigley Trad. Trad. length5 2 59 title6 Locharber Drive Breton Tune Poker Signature writer6 Aidan O Rourke Trad. Aidan O Rourke length6 5 27 title7 Brisk Young Widow Gravel Walk Victor s Return writer7 Trad. Trad. Trad. length7 3 57 title8 Lucy s Sox Morrisons writer8 Hannah James Trad. length8 3 12 title9 Falmouth Packet writer9 Phil Beer length9 1 44 title10 Irish Toast Emma & Jamie s Wedding writer10 Trad. McCusker length10 6 31 All tracks arranged by Kerfuffle Personnel Sam Sweeney fiddle , percussion Hannah James Accordion , piano , vocals , clogging Chris Thornton Smith Guitar Tom Sweeney Bass Guitar DEFAULTSORT Not To Scale Category 2003 albums Category Kerfuffle albums ... more details
In sports and particularly exercise testing, the Borg RPE Scale measures perceived exertion. In medicine this is used to document the patient s exertion during a test, and sports coaches use the scale to assess the intensity of training and competition. The original scale introduced by Gunnar Borg rated exertion on a scale of 6 20. Borg then constructed a category C ratio R scale, the Borg CR10 Scale. This is especially used in clinical diagnostic of breathlessness and dyspnea, chest pain, angina and musculo skeletal pain. The Borg scale can be compared to other linear scales such as the Likertscale or a visual analogue scale . The sensitivity and reproducibility of the results are broadly very similar, although the Borg may outperform the Likertscale in some cases. ref S. Grant, T. Aitchison, E. Henderson, J. Christie, S. Zare, J. McMurray, and H. Dargie 1999 A comparison of the reproducibility and the sensitivity to change of visual analogue scales, borg scales, and likert scales in normal subjects during submaximal exercise . doi 10.1378 chest.116.5.1208 ref References No footnotes date April 2008 Borg s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics 1998 Borg, G, Perceived Exertion as an indicator of somatic stress , Scandinavian journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1970, 2 2 , 92 98 PMID 5523831 Borg G references External links http www2.psychology.su.se staff gbg index.html Information about Gunnar Borg PhD MD hc. at Department of Psychology, Stockholm University http www.cdc.gov physicalactivity everyone measuring exertion.html More detailed description of the Borg scale at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention DEFAULTSORT Borg Scale Category Physical exercise Category Sports science Category Scales sports stub ca Escala de Borg sv Borgskalan ... more details
is a Likertscale Statement e.g. I could not live without my computer . Response options Strongly ... Likertscale Rating scales for depression Semantic differential Voting system MaxDiff Advantages of Rating scale External links http www.rasch analysis.com How to apply Rasch analysis Category Psychometrics ...File Rating scale example 001 5 stars model.png thumb An example of a common type of rating scale, the rate this with 1 to 5 stars model. This example is from Wikipedia s user survey efforts. Concerning rating scales as systems of educational marks, see articles about education in different countries named Education in ... , for example, Education in Ukraine . Concerning rating scales used in the practice of medicine, see articles about diagnoses, for example, Major depressive disorder . A rating scale is a set of categories designed to elicit information about a quantitative property quantitative or a Qualitative data qualitative attribute. In the social sciences , common examples are the Likertscale and Scale of one to ten 1 10 rating scales in which a person selects the number which is considered to reflect the perceived quality of a Product business product . Background A rating scale is a method that requires the rater to assign a value, sometimes numeric, to the rated object, as a measure of some rated attribute. Types of Rating Scales All rating scales can be classified into one of three classifications Some data are measured at the Level of measurement Ordinal scale ordinal ... scale interval level . Numbers indicate the magnitude of difference between items, but there is no absolute ... revenue, sales volume and market share. More than one rating scale is required to measurement ... scale and, more generally, a psychometric instrument. Rating scales used online Rating scales are used ... , BoardGameGeek , TV.com and Ratings.net . The Criticker website uses a rating scale from 0 ... of a rating scale. For example, if only the points 1 10 are given without description, some ... more details
. ref Level of measurement The Riddle scale is an eight term uni dimension al LikertscaleLikert type Level of measurement Interval scale interval scale with nominal labels and no explicit Origin mathematics ...Distinguish Richter scale The Riddle scale also known as Riddle homophobia scale or Riddle scale of homophobia is a psychometric Scale social sciences scale that measures the degree to which a person is or is not homophobic . The scale is frequently used in tolerance education about anti discriminatory attitudes regarding sexual orientation . It is named after its creator, psychologist Dorothy Riddle . Overview The Riddle homophobia scale was developed by Dorothy Riddle in 1973 74 while she was overseeing research for the American Psychological Association Task Force on Gays and Lesbians. ref http www.silgbtcenter.org Staten Island LGBT history Staten Island LGBT Community Center, Accessed Dec. 19, 2010. ref The scale was distributed at talks and workshops but was not formally published for a long time it is cited in the literature either as an unpublished conference presentation from 1985 ref Riddle, D. I. 1985 . Homophobia scale. Opening doors to understanding and acceptance A facilitator ... scale. Alone no more Developing a school support system for gay, lesbian and bisexual youth ... 2012 In that respect, the scale has served the purpose that Riddle originally had in mind she devised the scale to explicate the continuum of attitudes toward gays and lesbians and to assess the current ... a position on the scale based on the attributes they exhibit and beliefs they hold. The scale ... Cultural School Psychology . New York Springer. ref The scale Repulsion Homosexuality is seen ... scale, the Riddle scale has been considered to have acceptable face validity but its .... ref See also Heterosexism Bisexual erasure Kinsey Scale Kinsey scale Allport s Scale Allport s scale Stages of grief Psychometrics References reflist DEFAULTSORT Riddle Scale Category Scales Category ... more details
Thurstonian model Bogardus scale Guttman scaleLikertscale Semantic differential Diamond of opposites ...In psychology , the Thurstone scale was the first formal technique for measuring an attitude psychology attitude . It was developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in 1928, as a means of measuring attitudes towards religion . It is made up of statements about a particular issue, and each statement has a numerical value indicating how favorable or unfavorable it is judged to be. People check each of the statements to which they agree, and a mean score is computed, indicating their attitude. Thurstone scale Thurstone s method of pair comparisons can be considered a prototype of a normal distribution based method for scaling dominance matrices. Even though the theory behind this method is quite complex Thurstone, 1927a , the algorithm itself is straightforward. For the basic Case V, the frequency dominance matrix is translated into proportions and interfaced with the standard scores. The scale is then obtained as a left adjusted column marginal average of this standard score matrix Thurstone, 1927b . The underlying rationale for the method and basis for the measurement of the psychological scale separation between any two stimuli derives from Thurstone s Law of comparative judgment Thurstone, 1928 . The principal difficulty with this algorithm is its indeterminacy with respect to one zero proportions, which return z values as plus or minus infinity, respectively. The inability of the pair comparisons algorithm to handle these cases imposes considerable limits on the applicability of the method. The most frequent recourse when the 1.00 0.00 frequencies are encountered is their omission ... for arriving at the scale values cannot be applied, and an elaborate procedure for the estimation ... scale construction. New York Appleton Century Crofts, 1957. Guilford, J. P. Psychometric methods ... Thurstone Scale Category Psychometrics Category Questionnaire construction nl Thurstoneschaal ... more details
with topics studied using a Likertscale or a Thurstone scale . The concept of Guttman scale ... , a subset of the survey items having binary e.g., YES or NO answers forms a Guttman scale ... pattern can be captured by a single index on that ordered scale. In other words, on a Guttman scale, items are arranged in an order so that an individual who agrees with a particular item ... scale to reduce the duration of the test. By designing surveys and tests such that they contain ..., as may be given by uncooperative respondents. A hypothetical, perfect Guttman scale consists of a unidimensional ... position. For example, a person scoring a 7 on a ten item Guttman scale, will agree with items 1 .... A well known example of a Guttman scale is the Bogardus Social Distance Scale . Another example is the original Beaufort wind force scale , assigning a single number to observed conditions ... was in fact a Guttman scale. The observation Flat YES implies Small waves NO . Deterministic model ... from a single score. A good Guttman scale should have a coefficient of reproducibility the percentage of original responses that could be reproduced by knowing the scale scores used to summarize them above .85. Another commonly used metric for assessing the quality of a Guttman scale, is Menzel s coefficient ... longer instruments and larger datasets to scale item and person locations and evaluate the fit ... and Krus and Bart 1974 . Applications The Guttman scale is used mostly when researchers want to design ... be reduced on a scale measuring attitude towards immigration would be unlikely to be endorsed both by those ... of the continuum. Example Here is an example of a Guttman scale the Bogardus Social Distance Scale Least ... footnotes date August 2010 See also Mokken scale Diamond of opposites Nonparametric Item Response Theory Scale analysis statistics References Andrich, D. 1978 . A rating formulation for ordered response ... tests compared with some aspects of scale analysis and factor analysis. Psychological Bulletin ... more details
In music , the dominant scale is Mixolydian mode Modern Mixolydian Mixolydian mode Dominant scale may also refer to Phrygian dominant scale Lydian dominant scale Jazz scale Altered dominant scale altered dominant scale a jazz scale , or the Bebop scale Bebop dominant scale bebop dominant scale disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar harmonic For Harmonic scale , see Harmonic minor scale Harmonic major scale Harmonic Scale . See also Scale of harmonics disambig ... more details
Natural scale may refer to Diatonic scale , including the major scale major and minor scale natural minor scales Harmonic series music , the series of pitches produced by a natural horn Nondimensionalization , the removal of units from a mathematical equation The particular diatonic scale that uses no sharps or flats. in Byzantine music the major scale disambiguation ... more details
Scale analysis may refer to Scale analysis mathematics Scale analysis statistics disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
disambig Length scale , or scale length a significant concept in physics used to define the order of magnitude of a system Scale height , or scale length a specific parameter in physics denoting the distance over which a quantity decreases by a factor of e Scale string instruments a measurement of the length of a musical instrument string ... more details
Full Scale may refer to Full Scale band , an Australian alternative metal band formed in Perth, Western Australia Full Scale album , the self titled 2005 album by Full Scale Full Scale EP , a 1998 release from hip hop duo Show and A.G. disambig ... more details
Scale up , Scale up , or scaleup may refer to Scalability , the ability to function with different amounts of required work, or to be readily adjusted to do so Scale up chemical engineering in chemical engineering, the migration of a process from the lab scale to the pilot plant scale or commercial scale See also Wiktionary SCALE UP , a type classroom layout and learning environment disambig ... more details
Infobox Model Rail Scale name 2mm finescale scale 2mm to 1ft ratio 1 152 gauge RailGauge 9.42mm prototype gauge Standard gauge 2mm scale is a scale used for model railway railway modelling , largely of United Kingdom British subjects. It uses a scale of 2 mm on the model to 1 foot on the prototype, which scales out to 1 152. It is, therefore, similar in size to the slightly larger British N scale at 1 148 and the slightly smaller European American N scale at 1 160 it predates both versions of N scale. The track rail gauge gauge used is RailGauge 9.42mm , wider than commercial N scale. Track and wheels are closer to scale replicas than commercial N the track is only 1 mm high. No ready to run models are available in this scale, and although there is some availability of kits and components, some modelmaking skill is required. With such skill, however, excellent models can be produced in a very tiny size. There is an active association, The 2mm Scale Association , for modellers in this scale, who supply components, tools and jigs, publish a bi monthly magazine, organise local chapters, and promote modelling in the scale. See also N scale P4 scale Proto 87 Proto 48 ScaleSeven Rail transport modelling scales Model railway scales External links http www.2mm.org.uk The 2mm Scale Association Category Model railroad scales Category Scale model scales ... more details
The terms F scale and F number may refer to several things The Fujita scale , sometimes abbreviated F scale , rates a tornado s intensity by its impact on structures and vegetation. Often, when a tornado is rated on this scale, it is said to have been given an F number . In photography, the f number refers to the relative aperture of a lens. The 15 mm scale F scale is a RailGauge 2.781in gauge track used with Rail transport modelling model trains . In chemistry, the F number chemistry F number is a number that can be calculated for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from their structure. Personality tests The F scale personality test F scale is a personality test that attempts to quantify authoritarian tendencies. The F Scale is a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Validity scales validity scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory . disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 Infobox Model Rail Scale name ZZ scale image filename image caption widthpx scale ratio 1 300 gauge RailGauge 4.8mm prototype gauge standard gauge ZZ scale 1 300 is a model railroad scale with a standard gauge of only RailGauge 4.8mm . Models for the scale are produced exclusively by Bandai , and depict Rail transport in Japan Japanese prototypes such as Shinkansen trains. To date, no other traditional scale railway support exists for the scale. However the field of miniature war games has a large selection of buildings, trucks and other accessories at 1 285 scale and 1 300. Several suppliers make these in painted and unpainted form, and at several levels of quality. Until the 2006 announcement of T scale , ZZ scale was the smallest commercially available scale for model railroads. See also Z scale Rail transport modelling scales Model railway scales Category Model railroad scales model rail stub de Nenngr e ZZ ja ZZ TRAIN pl Skala ZZ sv ZZ skala ... more details
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