merge Morphea discuss Talk Linear scleroderma Merge proposal date July 2011 Infobox Disease Name Linear scleroderma Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 L 94 1 l 80 ICD9 ICD9 701.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Linear scleroderma is a type of Morphea localized scleroderma ref DorlandsDict seven 000095147 linear scleroderma ref which is an auto immune disorder characterized by a line of thickened skin which can affect the bones and muscles underneath it. Presentation It most often occurs in the arms, legs, or forehead, and may occur in more than one area. It is also most likely to be on just one side of the body. Linear scleroderma generally first appears in young children. ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. Page 171. ISBN 0 7216 2921 0. ref See also Scleroderma List of cutaneous conditions Frontal linear scleroderma References reflist Localized connective tissue diseases DEFAULTSORT Linear Scleroderma Category Connective tissue diseases Cutaneous condition stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 For other meanings of density Density disambiguation Linear density , linear mass density or linear mass is a measure of mass per unit of length , and it is a characteristic of strings or other one dimensional objects. The SI unit of linear density is the kilogram per metre kg m . The linear density, math sometimes denoted by math , of an object is defined as math mu frac partial m partial x math where math m is the mass, and math x is a coordinate along the one dimensional object. For the common case of a homogeneous substance of length math L and total mass math m , this simplifies to math mu frac m L math In drawing or printing, the term linear density also refers to how densely or heavily a line is drawn. Units See also Units of textile measurement Common units include kilogram per meter ounce mass per foot ounce mass per inch pound mass per yard used in the North American railway industry for the linear density of Rail tracks rail s pound mass per foot pound mass per inch Units of textile measurement Denier denier , a unit of measure for the linear density of fiber s, defined as the mass in grams per 9,000 meters. Units of textile measurement Tex decitex dtex , the International System of Units SI unit for the linear density of fiber s, defined as the mass in grams per 10,000 meters DEFAULTSORT Linear Density Category Density physics stub ar eo Lineara denseco fr Masse lin ique ko it Densit lineare nl Lineaire dichtheid fi Lineaarinen tiheys zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A linear alternator is essentially a linear motor used as an electrical generator . An alternator is a type of alternating current AC electrical generator. The devices are often physically equivalent. The principal difference is in how they are used and which direction the energy flows. An alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy , whereas a motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. Like most electric motors and electric generators, the linear alternator works by the principle of electromagnetic induction . However, most alternators work with rotary motion, whereas linear alternators work with linear motion i.e. motion in a straight line . Theory When a magnet moves in relation to a Coil Electromagnetic coils coil of wire , this changes the magnetic flux passing through the coil, and thus induces the flow of an electric current , which can be used to do work physics work . A linear alternator is most commonly used to convert reciprocating i.e. back and forth motion directly into electrical energy. This short cut eliminates the need for a Crank mechanism crank or Linkage mechanical linkage that would otherwise be required to convert a reciprocating motion to a rotary motion in order to be compatible with a rotary generator. Applications The simplest type of linear alternator is the Faraday Flashlight . This is a torch UK or flashlight USA which contains a coil and a permanent magnet . When the appliance is shaken back and forth, the magnet oscillates through the coil and Electromagnetic induction induces an electric current . This current is used to charge a capacitor , thus storing energy for later use. The appliance can then produce light, usually from a light emitting diode , until the capacitor is discharged. It can then be re charged by further shaking. Other devices are under development which use linear ... . See also Alternator Linear motor Free piston engine DEFAULTSORT Linear Alternator Category Electrical ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 In mathematics a linear inequality is an inequality mathematics inequality which involves a linear function . Linear inequalities in real numbers Definitions When two expressions are connected by greater than or less than sign, we get an inequation. When operating in terms of real number s, linear inequalities are the ones written in the forms math f x b , math or math f x leq b math , where math f x math is a linear functional in real numbers and b is a constant real number. Alternatively, these may be viewed as math g x 0 , math or math g x leq 0 math , where math g x math is an affine function . The above are commonly written out as math a 0 a 1 x 1 a 2 x 2 cdots a n x n 0 math or math a 0 a 1 x 1 a 2 x 2 cdots a n x n leq 0 math Sometimes they may be written out in the forms math a 1 x 1 a 2 x 2 cdots a n x n b math or math a 1 x 1 a 2 x 2 cdots a n x n ... are called the coefficients, and math b math is the constant term. A linear inequality looks exactly like a linear equation , with the inequality sign replacing the equality sign. A system of linear inequalities is a set of linear inequalities in the same variables math begin alignat 7 a 11 x 1 .... Not all systems of linear inequalities have solutions. Interpretations and applications The set of solutions of a real linear inequality constitutes a half space of the n dimensional real space, one of the two defined by the corresponding linear equation. The set of solutions of a system of linear ... space R sup n sup . Sets of linear inequalities called constraints are used in the definition of linear programming . Linear inequalities in terms of other mathematical objects When you graph a linear inequality, it will be on one side of a line. Also, when you mark points where the line crosses ... operations of addition , multiplication and comparison , therefore the notion of a linear inequality ... Linear algebra Category Linear programming Category Polyhedra ... more details
Context date March 2010 Linear referencing also called linear reference system or linear referencing system or LRS , is a reference system in which the locations of features are identified by a relative measure along a linear element, for example a milestone along a road . Each feature is located by either a point known as a milepoint or a line segment . The system is designed so that if a segment of a route is changed only those milepoints on the changed segment need to be updated. Linear referencing is suitable for management of data related to linear features like road s, railway s, oil and gas transmission Pipeline transport pipeline s, power and data transmission lines, and river s. A system for identifying the location of pipeline features and characteristics is by measuring distance from the start of the pipeline. An example linear reference address is Engineering Station 1145 86 on pipeline Alpha 114,586 feet from the start of the pipeline. With a reroute, cumulative stationing might not be the same as engineering stationing, because of the addition of the extra pipeline. Linear referencing solves this dilemma. Supported platforms Linear referencing is supported for example by several Geographic Information System software, including GE Global Transmission Office ref cite web url http www.gedigitalenergy.com geospatial catalog smallworld trans.htm?TopicName Key Benefits ref ArcGIS ref cite web url http webhelp.esri.com arcgiSDEsktop 9.3 index.cfm?TopicName An overview of linear referencing title ArcGIS 9.3 An overview of linear referencing ... web url http gs web.geomapgis.com web1 tiki index.php?page Routes title GEOMAP GIS 2012 Solution for linear ... the Linear Reference System in GRASS publisher journal International Journal of Geoinformatics ... documentation manual 1.5 reference.html Linear Referencing title PostGIS 1.5.2 Manual author ... Noronha first Val last2 Church first2 Richard L. year 2002 title Linear Referencing and Alternate Expressions ... more details
Linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials. Lerp is an abbreviation for linear interpolation , which can also be used as a verb harv Raymond 2003 . Linear interpolation ... line is the linear interpolant between the points, and the value y at x may be found by linear ... and math scriptstyle x 1,y 1 math , the linear interpolant is the straight line between these points ... 0 y 1 x x 0 y 0 x 1 x 0 math which is the formula for linear interpolation in the interval math scriptstyle x 0,x 1 math . Outside this interval, the formula is identical to linear extrapolation . This formula ... set Image Interpolation example linear.svg thumb right 300px Linear interpolation on a data set red points consists of pieces of linear interpolants blue lines . Linear interpolation on a set of data ... as the concatenation of linear interpolants between each pair of data points. This results in a Continuous ... class math C 0 math . Linear interpolation as approximation Linear interpolation is often ... p denotes the linear interpolation polynomial defined above math p x f x 0 frac f x 1 f x 0 x 1 ... is, the worse the approximations made with simple linear interpolation. Applications Linear interpolation .... Linear interpolation is an easy way to do this. The basic operation of linear interpolation between ... is known be smoother than C sup 0 sup , it is common to replace linear interpolation with spline interpolation , or even polynomial interpolation in some cases. Multivariate Linear interpolation as described ... of linear interpolation is called bilinear interpolation , and in three dimensions, trilinear interpolation . Notice, though, that these interpolants are no longer linear functions of the spatial coordinates, rather products of linear functions this is illustrated by the clearly non linear example of bilinear interpolation in the figure below. Other extensions of linear interpolation can be applied ... surface s. These may be defined as indeed higher dimensional piecewise linear function see second figure ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The linear range is that range of input or output values for which an Electronics electronic amplifier produces an output signal information theory signal that is a direct, linear function of the input signal. That is, the output can be represented by the equation Output Input × Gain When operating in the linear range, no Clipping audio clipping occurs. If an amplifier were perfectly linear, no distortion Total harmonic distortion harmonic distortion or intermodulation distortion would occur although random noise may still be introduced . Vacuum tube amplifiers tend to exhibit soft clipping as they approach the maximum possible output value, the gain tends to drop, rounding the tops of the signal waveform . Transistor amplifiers, by comparison, tend to produce hard clipping the gain remains approximately the same until the maximum possible output voltage is reached at that point, hard clipping occurs and the waveform never exceeds that value. The sharp inflection point s thus produced in the output waveform tend to have many more high order harmonic s. This is alleged to be the basis of the transistor sound that some audiophile s find offensive although this would not have occurred if they would not have been driving their amplifiers beyond the linear range in the first place . See also Transfer function Audio system measurements DEFAULTSORT Linear Range Category Electronics terms ... more details
Linear aeration is a relatively new aeration process it allows water to penetrate the soil and to be retained in the proper amounts. Linear aeration also adds organic material organic nutrition, soil softeners humus , topsoil , compost , sand , clay , etc. if necessary. Gardens In linear aeration, the necessary organic matter is added on top of the soil surface, between plantings. The grooves are then cut into the soil to let the amendments and additives enter the soil and recovered in the same passage. Lawns Linear aeration also alleviates excessive water in lawn areas. In linear aeration, the necessary organic matter is added on top of the turf. Next, grooves are cut into the turf to let the soil additives enter the soil the grooves are recovered in the same passage. Benefits of linear aeration Gardens irrigation water conservation . promotes stronger and deeper root development, for plant health and drought tolerance. permits proper distribution of soil amendment s and additives. allows organic nutrition absorption. Lawns alleviates soil compaction in heavily traveled areas provides smoother lawn surfaces drastically reduces disruption of actual turf surface compared to coring or plugs aeration causes minimal interruption of use of athletic fields See also Category Soil improvers Soil improvers index Portal Gardening References Unreferenced date November 2006 Category Soil Category Soil improvers Category Horticultural techniques Category Backyards Category Lawn care gardening stub ... more details
In the mathematical field of differential geometry , the term linear connection can refer to either of the following overlapping concepts a connection vector bundle connection on a vector bundle , often viewed as a differential operator a Koszul connection or covariant derivative a connection principal bundle principal connection on the frame bundle of a manifold or the induced connection on any associated bundle &mdash such a connection is equivalently given by a Cartan connection for the affine group of affine space , and is often called an affine connection . The two meanings overlap, for example, in the notion of a linear connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold. In older literature, the term linear connection is occasionally used for an Ehresmann connection or Cartan connection on an arbitrary fiber bundle ref springer id c c025140 title Connection on a fibre bundle author . Lumiste ref , to emphasise that these connections are linear in the horizontal direction i.e., the horizontal bundle is a vector subbundle of the tangent bundle of the fiber bundle , even if they are not linear in the vertical fiber direction . However, connections which are not linear in this sense have received little attention outside the study of Spray mathematics spray structures and Finsler geometry . References reflist mathdab Category connection mathematics es Conexi n lineal ... more details
In mathematics , a linear combination is an expression constructed from a Set mathematics set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results e.g. a linear combination of x and y ... David C. title Linear Algebra and Its Applications publisher Addison Wesley year 2006 edition 3rd isbn 0 321 28713 4 ref ref cite book last Strang first Gilbert authorlink Gilbert Strang title Linear ... ref cite book last Axler first Sheldon title Linear Algebra Done Right publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer year 2002 edition 2nd isbn 0 387 98258 2 ref The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear ... 1 sub ,..., a sub n sub are scalars, then the linear combination of those vectors with those scalars ... of the term linear combination as to whether it refers to the expression or to its value. In most cases the value is emphasized, like in the assertion the set of all linear combinations of v sub 1 sub ,..., v sub n sub always forms a subspace however one could also say two different linear ... difference between these uses is the essence of the notion of linear dependence a family F of vectors is linearly independent precisely if any linear combination of the vectors in F as value is uniquely so as expression . In any case, even when viewed as expressions, all that matters about a linear ... or adding terms with zero coefficient do not give distinct linear combinations. In a given situation ... speak of a linear combination of the vectors v sub 1 sub ,..., v sub n sub , with the coefficients unspecified except that they must belong to K . Or, if S is a subset of V , we may speak of a linear ... simply of a linear combination , where nothing is specified except that the vectors must belong to V ... every vector in V is certainly the value of some linear combination. Note that by definition, a linear ... each individual linear combination will only involve finitely many vectors. Also, there is no reason ... more details
In mathematics , the term linear function can refer to either of two different but related concepts a first degree polynomial function of one variable a map between two vector spaces that preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication. Analytic geometry Image FuncionLineal01.svg 300px thumb Three geometric linear functions the red and blue ones have the same slope m , while the red and green ones have the same y intercept b . main Linear equation In analytic geometry , the term linear function is sometimes used to mean a first degree polynomial function mathematics function of one variable math variable . These functions are known as linear because they are precisely the functions whose graph of a function graph in the Cartesian coordinate plane is a straight line. Such a function can be written as math f x mx b math math y y 1 m x x 1 math math 0 Ax By C math called slope intercept ... at right. Vector spaces In advanced mathematics, a linear function means a function mathematics function that is a linear map , that is, a map between two vector space s that preserves vector ... vector s, then the linear functions are those functions math f math that can be expressed ... is a linear map if and only if math b math 0. For other values of math b math this falls in the more general class of affine map s. See also Nonlinear system Piecewise linear function Linear interpolation Discontinuous linear map External links http id.mind.net zona mmts functionInstitute linearFunctions linearFunctions.html Linear Functions on Id Mind http www.mathopenref.com linearexplorer.html Interactive tool to explore linear functions Polynomials Category Polynomials als Lineare Funktion ... es Funci n lineal eo Lineara funkcio eu Funtzio lineal fr Fonction lin aire id Fungsi linear ... Line ris f ggv ny ms Fungsi linear nl Lineaire functie ja no Line r funksjon pl Funkcja liniowa pt Fun o linear ru sk Line rna funkcia sl Linearna funkcija sr ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Image Pcmcia smart 4mb linear flash.jpg right thumb 250px A type I PCMCIA card Linear Flash is a PC card flash memory format. Linear Flash requires no battery support, unlike somewhat faster Static random access memory SRAM , and features read write speeds much faster than similar, less expensive ATA type cards, which include CompactFlash and Memory Stick . Like an SRAM, Linear Flash supports execute in place XIP applications in mobile PC and embedded equipment. Linear Flash can also be read and written to by laptops and desktops with PC card slots, and is somewhat popular for sensitive data storage because the media is non volatile and does not degrade over time. However, large scale storage is impractical using Linear Flash because of small card sizes typically under 40 megabyte s and prohibitive costs megabyte for megabyte, Linear Flash cards are often dozens of times more expensive than ATA cards. Combined with file management software, such as Flash Translation Layer FTL or M Systems TrueFFS Flash File System, the Linear Flash cards provide removable disk emulation. As PC Card s was PCMCIA , Linear Flash cards should have a PC Card Card Information Structure Card Information Structure CIS . However, many memory cards do not have a CIS. Linear Flash cards begin to develop bad blocks after about 100,000 read write Instruction cycle cycle s and thus are of dubious value on the second hand market. Usage Linear Flash cards were also the primary method of data storage for Cisco Router computing router s, Apple s Newton platform Newton MessagePad 100 series and 2000 series PDAs, for some early Magic Cap , Pocket PC and Windows CE PDAs, musical synthesizer s and for many telecom devices. Manufacturers Major makers of Linear Flash cards are http www.pretec.com Pretec , http www.smartm.com Smart and http www.magicram.com MagicRAM . Intel , which championed the adoption of the Linear Flash format, also made cards. See also Flash file system M ... more details
In mathematics , a linear map , linear mapping , linear transformation , or linear operator in some contexts also called linear function is a function mathematics function between two vector space s that preserves ... Linear Transformation ref The expression linear operator is commonly used for linear maps from a vector space to itself i.e., endomorphisms . Sometimes the definition of a linear function coincides with that of a linear map, while in analytic geometry it does not. In the language of abstract algebra , a linear map is a homomorphism of vector spaces. In the language of category theory it is a morphism ... f V W is said to be a linear map if for any two vectors x and y in V and any scalar in K , the following ... homogeneity of degree 1 . This is equivalent to requiring the same for any linear combination ... fields is being used in the definition of linear . If V and W are considered as spaces over the field K as above, we talk about K linear maps. For example, the complex conjugate conjugation of complex numbers is an R linear map C C , but it is not C linear. A linear map from V to K with K viewed as a vector space over itself is called a linear functional . Examples The Identity function identity map and zero map are linear. The map math x mapsto cx math , where c is a constant, is linear. For real numbers, the map math x mapsto x 2 math is not linear. For real numbers, the map math x mapsto x 1 math is not linear but is an affine transformation , and also a linear function , as defined in analytic geometry . If A is a real m × n matrix mathematics matrix , then A defines a linear ... Ax R sup m sup . Conversely, any linear map between finite dimensional vector spaces can be represented in this manner see the following section. The definite integral is a linear map from the space ... integral or antiderivative is not considered a linear transformation, as the use of a constant of integration results in an infinite number of outputs per input. Derivative Differentiation is a linear ... more details
A linear castle is a castle that was designed to confront its attackers with a series of barriers impediments in a line hence the name . ref citation url http www.bbc.co.uk wales history sites themes society castles linear.shtml title Linear castles publisher BBC ref The principle was to funnel assaulting forces into attacking a very narrow front and focusing all of the castle s defences in that area. This would mean that both architectural devices and manpower could be concentrated, unlike the more familiar concentric castle , for which the entire circumference needed to be defended. Linear castles tended to be built where geography favoured this approach. The Knights Hospitaller fortress of Margat in Syria is built on a narrow rocky promontory , ideal for preventing successful undermining but inappropriate for the rings of walls needed for a concentric castle. The core of Krak des Chevaliers is located in a narrow gully carved from sheer rock walls severely limiting possibilities for a flank attack. The theory of linear castles arrived in Britain in the mid thirteenth century, so the concept co existed with concentric castles. The earliest recognised linear castle in Britain is at Tintagel Castle Tintagel , having a series of defensive wards in a row. ref citation url http books.google.com books?id J2VHq0gQ45gC&pg PA38 title Britain s Best The Nation s Favourite Historic Places author Jane Eastoe, Anny Kilbourne publisher Pavilion Books year 2007 ref ref citation url http www.engineering timelines.com scripts engineeringItem.asp?id 948 title Tintagel Castle publisher Engineering Timeslines ref Conway Castle Conway and Caernarvon Castle s were both built in a linear style, defending a peninsula . ref citation url http books.google.co.uk books?id 5w1PAAAAMAAJ title The Medieval ... a linear castle with concentric elements bolted on. References reflist See also Concentric castle DEFAULTSORT Linear Castle Category Castles by type it Castello lineare ... more details
Expert subject Physics date June 2009 Context date June 2009 In quantum mechanics , and especially quantum information quantum information theory , the linear entropy of a quantum state state is a scalar physics scalar defined as math S L , dot , 1 mbox Tr rho 2 , math where math rho , math is the density matrix of the state. The linear entropy can range between zero, corresponding to a completely pure state, and math 1 1 d , math , corresponding to a completely mixed state. Here, math d , math is the dimension of the density matrix. Linear entropy is trivially related to the purity quantum mechanics purity math gamma , math of a state by math S L , , 1 gamma , . math Motivation The linear entropy is an approximation to the Von Neumann entropy math S , math , which is defined as math S , dot , mbox Tr rho log 2 rho , . math The linear entropy is obtained by approximating math ln rho , math with the first order term math rho 1 , math in the Mercator series math mbox Tr rho log 2 rho , to mbox Tr rho rho 1 mbox Tr rho rho 2 1 mbox Tr rho 2 S L math where the unit trace property of the density matrix has been used to get the second to last equality. The linear entropy and Von Neumann entropy are similar measures of the mixedness of a state, although the linear entropy is easier to calculate because it does not require the Diagonalizable matrix diagonalization of the density matrix. Alternate definition Some authors ref cite journal author Nicholas A. Peters, Tzu Chieh Wei, Paul G. Kwiat title Mixed state sensitivity of several quantum information benchmarks year 2004 journal Physical Review A volume 70 pages 052309 doi 10.1103 PhysRevA.70.052309 arxiv quant ph 0407172 bibcode 2004PhRvA..70e2309P issue 5 ref define linear entropy with a different normalization math S L , dot , frac d d 1 1 mbox Tr rho 2 , . math This ensures that the quantity ranges from zero to unity. References references Category Quantum mechanics quantum stub ... more details
This article deals with linear map s from a vector space to its field of scalar mathematics scalar s. ..., but this is not necessarily the case. In linear algebra , a linear functional or linear form also called a one form or covector is a linear map from a vector space to its field of scalar mathematics ... as column vector s, then linear functionals are represented as row vector s, and their action on vectors ... , then a linear functional is a function from V to k , which is linear math f vec v vec w f vec v ..., a in k. math The set of all linear functionals from V to k , Hom sub k sub V , k , is itself a vector ... textstyle V math when the field k is understood. Continuous linear functionals see also Continuous linear operator If V is a topological vector space , the space of continuous function continuous linear ... . In finite dimensions, every linear functional is continuous, so the continuous dual is the same ... Linear functionals in R sup n sup Suppose that vectors in the real coordinate space R sup n sup are represented ... linear functional can be written in these coordinates as a sum of the form math f vec x a 1x 1 cdots ... Integration Linear functionals first appeared in functional analysis , the study of function space vector spaces of functions . A typical example of a linear functional is integral integration the linear transformation defined by the Riemann integral math I f int a b f x , dx math is a linear ... functional math ev c f f c . math The mapping c is linear since math f g c f c g c math ... interpolation . Application to quadrature The integration functional I defined above defines a linear functional on the linear subspace subspace P sub n sub of polynomials of degree n . ... . This follows from the fact that the linear functionals ev sub x sub i sub sub &fnof ... sub n sub harv Lax 1996 . Linear functionals in quantum mechanics Linear functionals are particularly ... s, which are antilinear anti linear isomorphism isomorphic to their own dual spaces. A state ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Linear syntax is a computer programming computer programming term for an Expression programming expression that can be parsed from left to right. Linear syntax implies the ability to write code without the use of line feed line feed or carriage return carriage return characters. Although the use of such characters is recommended for code readability, they are optional, as compiler s do not rely on them to parse and compile the code. HTML , C programming language C , and SQL code are examples of languages that employ linear syntax they all rely on commas, semicolons, and parentheses to separate code blocks. Category Programming language concepts ... more details
About systems as studied in systems theory a family of linear equations System of linear equations the concept in algebraic geometry Linear system of divisors Unreferenced date December 2009 A linear system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator . Linear systems typically exhibit features and properties that are much simpler than the general, nonlinear case. As a mathematical abstraction or idealization, linear systems find important applications in automatic control theory, signal processing , and telecommunications . For example, the propagation medium for wireless communication systems can often be modeled by linear systems. A general deterministic system mathematics deterministic system can be described by operator, math H math , that maps an input, math ... black box description. Linear systems satisfy the properties of Superposition principle superposition ... x 2 t right math then a linear system must satisfy math alpha y 1 t beta y 2 t H left alpha x 1 t beta ... or frequency components . Typical differential equation s of linear time invariant system time invariant ... . Another perspective is that solutions to linear systems comprise a system of function ... use of linear models is to describe a nonlinear system by linearization . This is usually done for mathematical ... , t sub 1 sub of a linear system is defined as the response of the system at time t t sub 2 sub to a single impulse function impulse applied at time t t sub 1 sub . In other words, if the input x t to a linear ... integral Continuous time The output of any continuous time linear system is related to the input ... time linear system is related to the input by the time varying convolution sum math y n sum k infty ... A linear system is causal if and only if the system s time varying impulse response is identically ..., for a causal system, the following condition must hold math h t,s 0 text for t s , math See also Linear ... System analysis System of linear equations DEFAULTSORT Linear System Category Systems theory ar ... more details
Infobox airline airline Linear Air logo Linearair.jpg logo size 300 IATA ICAO HPN callsign Harpoon headquarters Concord, Massachusetts bases Unbulleted list Hanscom Field Bedford Westchester County Airport ... fleet size 6 website http www.linearair.com Linear Air is a private FAR part 135 part 135 air charter ... Concord , Massachusetts . Linear Air s primary operations base is located at Hanscom Field ..., Linear Air began an operation focused on addressing demand between the large market for commercial ... very light jets , Linear Air primarily serves the Northeastern United States Northeast and Mid Atlantic ... Goulian . With the help of an initial round of funding and just two employees at the time, Linear ... Taxi Association , Linear Air and other member air taxi operations are speeding the adoption .... ref cite web title About Us url http www.linearair.com aboutus index.aspx work Linear Air accessdate 28 March 2011 ref Destinations Linear Air can currently fly to hundreds of locations in the United ... Where We Fly url http www.linearair.com services service area.aspx work Linear Air accessdate 28 March 2011 ref Fleet & Flight Operations Linear Air currently operates a fleet of Eclipse 500 very light ... Canada PW600 PW610F turbofan engines. Linear Air recently debuted an upgraded Eclipse 500 in early ... operation. ref cite news last Nihon first Justin title Linear Air Introduces First All Weather Eclipse to Commercial Service url http www.linearair.com downloads Linear 20Air 1st 20FIKI Press 20Release ... Emily title HIGH FLYING LINEAR AIR STRENGTHENS LEAD AS FIRST OPERATIONAL JET TAXI SERVICE url http goliath.ecnext.com coms2 gi 0199 5406650 High Flying Linear Air Strengthens.html date 04 10 06 ref Prior ... engine manufactured by Pratt & Whitney . Resources http www.linearair.com aboutus.aspx Linear Air ... Linear Air Homepage http www.facebook.com pages Linear Air 149111401773430 Linear Air on Facebook http twitter.com linearair Linear Air on Twitter http www.eclipseaerospace.net Eclipse Aerospace ... more details
Refimprove date July 2008 File linear actuator basic.gif thumb 250px Conceptual design of a basic traveling nut linear actuator. Note that in this example the lead screw gray rotates while the lead nut yellow and tube red do not. A linear actuator is an actuator that creates motion in a straight line, as contrasted with circular motion of a conventional electric motor . Linear actuators are used in machine ... and dampers, and in many other places where linear motion is required. Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders inherently produce linear motion many other mechanisms are used to provide a linear motion from a rotating motor. Types Mechanical actuators File mechanical linear actuator with digital readout.jpg thumb A mechanical linear actuator with digital readout a type of micrometer . File Roller Screw.gif thumb Roller screw actuation with traveling screw rotating nut . Machine Mechanical linear actuators typically operate by conversion of rotary motion into linear motion. Conversion is commonly ... moves a cable, rack, chain or belt to produce linear motion. ref Sclater, N., Mechanisms and Mechanical ... linear actuators only pull, such as hoists, chain drive and belt drives. Others only push ... into linear displacement via screws and or gears to which the knob or handle is attached. A jackscrew ... spindle . Rotation of the jack handle is converted mechanically into the linear motion of the jack ... the position of linear stage s, rotary stage s, mirror mount s, goniometer positioning goniometers ..., a hydraulic cylinder can provide controlled precise linear displacement of the piston ... their expansion in a repeatable manner. Electro mechanical actuators File linear actuator photo.jpg thumb A miniature electro mechanical linear actuator where the lead nut is part of the motor. The lead ... or retracted. File multi cylinders.gif thumb Typical compact cylindrical linear electric actuator File actuator box.gif thumb Typical linear or rotary linear electric actuator File actuator.ogv thumb ... more details
Image Linear progression 3 2 1.png thumb right Linear progression sub music scale 3 sub sub music scale 2 sub sub music scale 1 sub over I audio Linear progression 3 2 1.mid Play . music scale 2 would be the passing tone Image Schenkerian Ursatz 321IVI.png thumb right Urlinie sub music scale 3 sub sub music scale 2 sub sub music scale 1 sub over I dominant music V I audio Ursatz.mid Play . Image Decorated third progression.png thumb right Decorated third progression ref name P 29 audio Decorated third progression.mid Play . Whereas originally D was the nonchord tone in E D C, here it is a chord tone, elaborated D C B, and C is the nonchord tone. In music , a linear progression Auskomponierungszug or de Zug Zug , German train, abbreviated Zg. is a passing note elaboration involving steps and skips stepwise melody melodic motion in one direction between two harmony harmonic tones ref Pankhurst, Tom 2008 . Schenker Guide A Brief Handbook and Website for Schenkerian Analysis , p.243 and 27. ISBN 0415973988. ref . The compositional unfolding of a specific interval, one of the intervals of the chord ... Analyses , p.14. ISBN 0486222942. ref . According to Schenker The linear progression always presupposes a Nonchord tone Passing tone passing tone there is no linear progression without a passing tone and no passing tone without a linear progression. ref name Jonas In German zug may be combined with prefixes ... reaching linear progression , a linear progression rising from a lower voice, or terzzug German de wikt terz third linear progression , linear progression through a Third chord third ref Schenker 1969 ... Linear progressions prolongation prolong harmonies and through elaboration, or filling in with dissonant .... for third progression rather than zg. ref name Pankhurst 28 . Image Linear progression in Mozart Piano Sonata in G major.png thumb center 392px Linear progression in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mozart ... , p.28 30. ref audio Linear progression in Mozart Piano Sonata in G major.mid Play . Original shown ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Linear Type Studio Album Artist Linear group Linear Cover Linear band.jpg Released March 21, 1990 Recorded Genre Pop music Pop , Freestyle music freestyle Length 43 37 Label Atlantic Records Atlantic Producer Tolga Katas , Phil Jones Last album This album Linear br 1990 Next album Caught in the Middle album Caught in the Middle br 1992 Misc Singles Name Linear Type studio single 1 Sending All My Love single 2 Don t You Come Cryin single 3 Something Going On single 1 date 1990 single 2 date 1990 single 3 date 1990 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r11724 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Linear is the name of the debut studio album by the Pop freestyle group Linear group Linear . It was released on March 21, 1990, by Atlantic Records . Track listing Tracklist lyrics credits no music credits no title1 Sending All My Love length1 3 54 title2 Something Going On length2 3 41 title3 Heartache length3 4 34 title4 You re My Lady length4 4 13 title5 Dream About Me length5 3 46 title6 Lies length6 3 34 title7 Don t You Come Cryin length7 3 49 title8 I Never Felt This Way length8 3 20 title9 Still in Love length9 4 48 title10 Sending All My Love note10 Club Mix length10 8 17 Charts Album Billboard magazine Billboard North America class wikitable border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 width 550 align left valign top Year align left valign top Chart align left valign top Position align left valign top 1990 align left valign top The Billboard 200 ref name Billboard 1 Billboard Albums Allmusic class artist id p13508 pure url yes allmusic.com Retrieved January 1, 2010 ref align left valign top 52 Singles Billboard North America class wikitable Year Single Chart ... Category 1990 debut albums Category Linear albums Category Atlantic Records albums 1990s pop album stub pt Linear lbum ... more details
one source date November 2011 File Champlain Quebec .JPG thumb right 250px Some communities along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, developed as linear villages, as is still clearly seen in Champlain, Quebec . In geography , a linear village , or linear settlement , ref http thesaurus.english heritage.org.uk thesaurus term.asp?thes no 1&term no 68988 English Heritage Online thesaurus ref is a small to medium sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury , a village in Berkshire , is one of the longest villages in England . A linear village may have no obvious center, such as a road junction or green. The route probably predated the village and then settlement grew up at some way station or feature, growing along the transport route. Often, it is only a single street with houses on either side of the road. Mileham , Norfolk , England is a good example of this. Later development may add side turnings and districts away from the original main street. Places such as Southport , England developed in this way. A linear village is in contrast with ribbon development , which is the outward spread of a town along a main street. See also Reihendorf Linear city References reflist External links http www.geograph.org.uk photo 33028 Outlane a linear village Category Human geography Category Urban studies and planning Category Populated places by type Geo term stub de Stra endorf fr Village rue fy Lintdoarp lt Gatvinis kaimas nl Lintdorp nds nl Lintd rp pl Ulic wka szl Hulic wka vls Lintbebouwienge ... more details
File Linear motor U tube.svg thumb right 225px Free body diagram of a U channel synchronous linear motor ... versa. Not to scale A linear motor is an electric motor that has had its stator and rotor electric rotor unrolled so that instead of producing a torque rotation it produces a linear force along its ... force is linear equation linearly proportional to the electric current current and the magnetic field math vec F q cdot vec v times vec B math . Many designs have been put forward for linear motors, falling into two major categories, low acceleration and high acceleration linear motors. Low acceleration linear motors are suitable for maglev train s and other ground based transportation applications. High acceleration linear motors are normally rather short, and are designed to accelerate ... motors are usually of the AC linear induction motor LIM design with an active three phase winding ... current homopolar motor homopolar linear motor railgun is another high acceleration linear motor design. The low acceleration, high speed and high power motors are usually of the linear synchronous ... Shanghai motor is an LSM. Types File Linear motor by Zureks.jpg thumb left A prototype of linear motor with visible separate coils Induction motor main Linear induction motor In this design, the force is produced by a moving linear magnetic field acting on conductors in the field. Any conductor, be it a loop ... synchronous linear motors rarely use commutators, so the rotor often contains permanent magnets ... other linear motors. File Linear Motor of Toei edo Line.jpg thumb right 200px A linear motor for trains ... actions Piezoelectric drive is often used to drive small linear motors. History Image JFK AirTrain.agr.jpg ... induction strip placed between the rails. Low acceleration The history of linear electric motors ... linear induction motor is described in the US patent 782312 1905 inventor Alfred Zehden of Frankfurt ... river . Because of these properties, linear motors are often used in magnetic levitation maglev propulsion ... more details
Original research article date July 2008 A linear stage or translation stage is a component of a motion system used to restrict an object to a single axis of motion. The term linear slide is often used interchangeably with linear stage , though technically linear slide refers to a linear motion bearing , which is only a component of a linear stage. All linear stages consist of a platform and a base, joined by some form of guide or linear bearing in such a way that the platform is restricted to linear motion with respect to the base. In common usage, the term linear stage may or may not also include ... . A linear stage exhibits only one degree of freedom translation along one axis . In other words, linear stages operate by physically restricting 3 axes of rotation and 2 axes of translation thus allowing for motion on only one translational axis. Guide types Linear stages consist of a platform ... platform relative to the fixed base is typically controlled by a linear actuator of some form, whether ... either manually or by a motor. Manual In manual linear stages, a control knob attached to a lead screw is typically used. The knob may be indexed to indicate it s angular position. The linear displacement ..., then each index division is equivalent to 0.01 mm of linear motion of the stage platform ... , then each revolution of the motor will result in 0.5 mm of linear motion of the stage platform, and each step will result in 0.0025 mm of linear motion. DC motor with encoder In other ... control in more than one direction, multiple linear stages may be used together. A two axis or X Y stage can be assembled from two linear stages, one mounted to the platform of the other such that the axis ... axis or X Y Z stage is composed of three linear stages mounted to each other often with the use of an additional ... goniometer s. By combining linear and rotary elements in various ways, four axis, five axis, and six axis stages are also possible. Variations Linear Slide, Nano Linear Stage, Nano Positioning ... more details
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