Refimprove article date March 2008 A liquidmetalcooled nuclear reactor , liquidmetal fast reactor or LMFR is an advanced type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a liquidmetal . Liquidmetalcooled reactors were first adapted for nuclear submarine use but have also been extensively studied ... products may be an issue. Design In practice, all liquidmetalcooled reactors are fast neutron reactor s, and to date most fast neutron reactors have been liquidmetalcooled fast breeder reactors ... C, 3038 F Mercury Clementine nuclear reactor Clementine was the very first liquidmetalcooled nuclear reactor and used mercury coolant, thought to be the obvious choice since it is liquid at room temperature ... s were sodium cooled. EBR I used a liquidmetal alloy, NaK , for cooling. NaK is liquid at room temperature. Liquidmetal cooling is also used in most fast neutron reactor s including fast breeder reactor s. Many Generation IV reactor studies are liquidmetalcooled Sodium cooled fast reactor Sodium ... LiquidMetalCooledReactor Category Liquidmetal fast reactors Category Nuclear physics fa pl Liquidmetal fast reactor ru ... cooledreactor was removed starting in 1958 and replaced with a pressurized water reactor . Nuclear aircraft Liquidmetalcooled reactors were studied by Pratt & Whitney for use in nuclear aircraft ..., liquid sodium cooled fast breeder reactor that operated from 1963 to 1972. It List of civilian ... wikitable sortable align right Liquidmetal coolants Coolant Melting point Boiling point Sodium ... out of favor. Sodium and NaK Main Sodium cooled fast reactor Sodium and NaK don t corrode steel to any ... disposal concern. Lead Main Lead cooled fast reactor Lead has excellent neutron properties ... melting point and a high vapor pressure, it is tricky to refuel and service a lead cooledreactor ... sodium cooled nuclear reactor sited in a section of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory ... more details
cooledreactor see Fukushima I nuclear accidents . Liquid lead bismuth systems can t cause an explosion ... uranium and transuranic s. The LFR is cooled by natural convection with a reactor outlet coolant ... U2N3 fuelled, Pb Bi cooled fast reactor date 2009 11 20 work Nuclear Engineering International publisher ... 2011 ref See also Fast breeder reactor Fast neutron reactor Gas cooled fast reactor Generation IV reactor Integral Fast Reactor Sodium cooled fast reactor References Reflist http neri.inel.gov universities ... LFR website External links http www.inl.gov research lead cooled fast reactor Idaho National Laboratory Lead Cooled Fast Reactor LFR Fact Sheet http www.bechtel.com PDF BIP 23378.pdf Heavy Metal Aerosol Transport in a Lead Bismuth Cooled Fast Reactor with In Vessel Direct Contact Steam Generation http ... df85272db6aac0f870d0004ed28d513e Comparison of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors regarding reactor ... Downloads SMR CRP1 SRWOSR 2006 RBEC M 20Kurchatov 20Final.pdf RBEC M Lead Bismuth Cooled Fast Reactor ... York Times Nuclear Technology Use dmy dates date June 2011 Category Liquidmetal fast reactors Category ...Molten lead or lead bismuth eutectic can be used as the primary nuclear reactor coolant coolant in a nuclear reactor , as lead and bismuth have low neutron absorption and relatively low melting point s. Neutron ... s, making this type of reactor a fast neutron reactor . The coolant does serve as a neutron ... nuclear submarine reactors in the 1970s, but a number of proposed new nuclear reactor designs are lead cooled. Some designs are claimed to be able to circulate the primary coolant via convection without requiring pumps, at least in emergency shutdown conditions. Generation IV reactor design File Lead Cooled Fast Reactor Schemata.svg right 500px thumb Lead cooled fast reactor scheme. The Generation IV reactor Gen IV lead cooled fast reactor is a nuclear reactor that features a fast neutron spectrum, molten lead or lead bismuth eutectic nuclear reactor coolant coolant . Options include a range ... more details
dablink For other uses, see SFR disambiguation . Image Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor Schemata.svg right 500px thumb Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor SFR The sodium cooled fast reactor or SFR is a Generation IV reactor project to design an advanced fast neutron reactor . It builds on two closely related existing projects, the LMFBR and the Integral Fast Reactor , with the objective of producing a fast spectrum, sodium nuclear reactor coolant cooledreactor. The reactors are intended for use in nuclear power ... recycle with two major options One is an intermediate size 150 600 MWe sodium cooledreactor with uranium plutonium minor actinide zirconium metal alloy fuel, supported by a fuel cycle based on Nuclear reprocessing Pyroprocessing pyrometallurgical reprocessing in facilities integrated with the reactor. The second is a medium to large 500 1,500 MWe sodium cooledreactor with mixed uranium ... Celsius for both. Sodium as a coolant An advantage of liquidmetal coolants is high heat capacity ... author Lineberry MJ, Allen TR title The Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor SFR date October 2002 id ANL NT ... operational Related Fast Flux Test Facility , United States, a sodium cooled fast neutron reactor See also Fast breeder reactor Fast neutron reactor Integral Fast Reactor Lead cooled fast reactor Lead cooled fast reactor Gas cooled fast reactor Generation IV reactor References reflist External links http www.inl.gov research sodium cooled fast reactor Idaho National Laboratory Sodium cooled ... Liquidmetal fast reactors Category Radioactive waste ja pl ALMR ... H. last Fanning title Sodium as a Fast Reactor Coolant date May 3, 2007 work publisher Nuclear Engineering ... format PDF ref Water is difficult to use as a coolant for a fast reactor because water acts as a neutron ... supercritical water as a coolant in a fast reactor, this would require a very high pressure. In contrast ... since its boiling point is much higher than the reactor s operating temperature , and sodium ... more details
with respect to light water or liquidmetalcooledreactorliquidmetal , also used as a coolant in some ...The organic moderated and cooledreactor OCR was an early power reactor concept studied in the formative ... MWe heavy water organic cooledreactor from 1965 to 1985. An 45.5 MWe demonstration reactor was operated for a brief period in Piqua, Ohio and was the only power reactor of its kind ever constructed in the United ... to end the Piqua experiment and the reactor was dismantled. Organic Moderator In terms of safety and economics, the organic moderated and cooledreactor has several inherent advantages. However, these are offset ... in the organic moderated and cooledreactor. Currently, India s reactors are almost exclusively ... pressure design, the Heavy Water Organic CooledReactor is again being studied as an alternative ... Forgotten Organic CooledReactor div Category Nuclear reactors de Organisch moderierter und gek hlter .... The concept reactor was very similar to light water reactor s LWRs in fuel element and reactor core ... other fuel types were considered. History Though this reactor type has been the subject of extensive ... States. class wikitable width 230 Advantages width 230 Disadvantages Better Moderation Reactor ... stabilizer, causing the reactor to shut down by itself upon a rapid increase in power. This property also allows for complete iodine pit xenon override , meaning that a reactor of this type could ... the reactor contains less potential energy . This means that a ruptured pipe cannot cause extensive ... Reactor Control Issues The advantage of the high negative temperature coefficient is offset by the fact that it also increases reactor control difficulty. For example, since the coolant and moderator ... be quelled by the effect of the negative temperature coefficient but may cause the reactor to shut ... reactor s however, this further increases fouling due to the decomposition of the fluid. Finned Cladding .... Heat Transfer Calculations of Organic Cooled Seven Rod Cluster Fuel Elements. Nuclear Engineering ... more details
A gas cooledreactor GCR is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and carbon dioxide helium can also be used as nuclear reactor coolant coolant . Although there are many other types of reactorcooled by gas, the terms GCR and to a lesser extent gas cooledreactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor. The GCR was able to use natural uranium as fuel, enabling the countries that developed them to fabricate their own fuel without relying on other countries for supplies of enriched uranium , which was at the time of their development only available from the United States or Soviet Union . There were two main types of generation I GCR The Magnox reactors developed by the United Kingdom . The UNGG reactor s developed by France . The main difference between these two types is in the fuel cladding material. Both types were mainly constructed in their countries of origin, with a few export sales Magnox plants to Italy and Japan , and a UNGG to Spain . Both types used fuel cladding materials that were unsuitable for medium term storage under water, making ... . In the UK, the Magnox was replaced by the advanced gas cooledreactor AGR , an improved Generation II reactor Generation II gas cooled reactors. In France, the UNGG was replaced by the pressurized water reactor PWR . More recently, GCRs based on the declassified drawings of the early Magnox reactors ... Gas cooledreactor types include Gas cooledreactor graphite moderated Magnox UNGG reactor French design, 10 built, last retired in 1994 Advanced gas cooledreactor Gas cooled fast reactor Gas turbine modular helium reactor , General Atomics design He cooled, Graphite moderated High temperature gas cooledreactor Pebble bed reactor AVR reactor THTR 300 Pebble bed modular reactor Very high temperature reactor See also UHTREX Category Graphite moderated reactors Category Nuclear power reactor types nuclear power stub ca Reactor de gas es Reactor refrigerado por gas hu G zh t s reaktor ja ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 File Gas Cooled Fast Reactor Schemata.svg right 300px thumb Gas cooled Fast Reactor scheme. The Gas Cooled Fast Reactor GFR system is a nuclear reactor design which is currently in development. Classed as a Generation IV reactor , it features a fast neutron reactor fast neutron ... be renewed interest in fast reactor s. The GFR base design is a fast reactor, but in other ways similar to a high temperature gas cooledreactor . It differs from the HTGR design in that the core ... transition induced explosions, such as when the water in a water cooledreactor pressurized water reactor PWR or boiling water reactor BWR flashes to steam upon overheating or depressurization. The use ... thermal designs with graphite moderators. As such, no true gas cooled fast reactor design has ever been ... Technology References http anes.fiu.edu Pro s9Kha.pdf THE GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR SYSTEM http www.sercoassurance.com answers resource pdfs gcfr flexibility.pdf Flexibility of the Gas Cooled Fast Reactor ... website External links http www.inl.gov research gas cooled fast reactor Idaho National Laboratory Gas Cooled Fast Reactor GFR Fact Sheet http www.iaea.org inis aws fnss abstracts abst 0154.html IAEA ... fertile uranium and management of actinide s. The reference reactor design is a helium nuclear reactor coolant cooled system operating with an outlet temperature of 850 C using a direct Brayton ... time producing breeding new nuclear fuel. Nuclear reactor design Fast reactors were originally designed to be primarily breeder reactor s. This was because of a view at the time they were conceived ... power density than the HTGR. Fuel In a GFR reactor design, the unit operates on fast neutrons, no moderator ... reactor designs and breed fuel. Because of these properties, once the initial loading of fuel has been applied into the reactor, the unit can go years without needing fuel. If these reactors are used ... been constructed. Gas cooled projects include decommissioned reactors such as the Dragon Project , built ... more details
LiquidMetal may refer to Metal s in a liquid state Metals which have a relatively low melting point , such as mercury element mercury , tin or lead . A fusible alloy A poor metal . LiquidMetal Sirius XM , a radio channel XM LiquidMetal , a radio channel Liquidmetal Terminator Liquidmetal Terminator , a fictional substance from the Terminator series Liquidmetal , a type of metallic glass See also LiquidMetal disambig zh ... more details
Image AGR reactor schematic.svg thumb 350px right Schematic diagram of the Advanced Gas cooledReactor ... br 8. Water circulator br 9. Heat exchanger br 10. Steam An advanced gas cooledreactor AGR is a type of nuclear reactor . These are the generation II reactor second generation of British gas cooled ... wagr History of Windscale s Advanced Gas cooledReactor , Sellafield Ltd. ref but the first commercial ... cooled Very high temperature reactor High Temperature Reactor HTR , the Steam Generating Heavy ... Energy in the United Kingdom sources DEFAULTSORT Advanced Gas CooledReactor Category Nuclear ... ar cs AGR de Advanced Gas cooledReactor es Reactor refrigerado por gas avanzado fa fr R acteur avanc au gaz ko nl Advanced gas cooledreactor ... sv Advanced gas cooledreactor ... was developed from the Magnox reactor, operating at a higher gas temperature for improved thermal ... building. Each reactor has a design thermal power output of 1,500 MWt driving a 660 MWe turbine ... of turbo generator plant could be used. The mean temperature of the hot coolant leaving the reactor ... reactor core graphite core temperatures do not vary too much from those seen in a Magnox ... nitrogen into the coolant to hold the reactor down. A tertiary shutdown system which operates by injecting boron balls into the reactor has been proposed as retrofit to satisfy the Nuclear Installations ... ratio of about 41 , which is better than modern pressurized water reactor s which have a typical ... F practical with gas cooling, compared to about 325 C 617 F for PWRs. However the reactor core has ...?id 1221 . Like the Magnox, CANDU and RBMK reactors, and in contrast to the light water reactor ... part of the economic case for choosing the AGR over other reactor types, and in 1965 ... trials led to a fuel rod becoming stuck in a reactor core. Only refuelling at part load or when shut ... more details
otheruses LiquidMetal disambiguation Liquidmetal consists of gallium contained alloys with very low melting points. These low melting point alloys are liquid at room temperature. ref name indalloy http www.indium.com dynamo download.php?docid 456 Indalloy Alloys Liquid at Room Temperature ref The standard ... title Liquidmetal cooling in thermal management of computer chips format Review Article volume 1 number ... though, room temperature liquidmetal can be very reactive with certain metals. Liquidmetal ... and coats the glass with a thin layer of oxide solid residues, on which the liquidmetal wets. In other words, the commonly seen was a gallium based liquidmetal wetting its solid oxide, not glass. Apparently ... LiquidMetal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices format Journal Article volume 21 number ... www.indium.com TIM solutions liquidmetal.php LiquidMetal Thermal Interface Materials ref Uniquely, they can ... Liquidmetal is usually packaged in polyethylene bottles. Storage shelf life Unopened bottles of liquidmetal generally have a one year shelf life. It is recommended that, as the liquidmetal is removed ... of oxidation at the surface of the alloy. If the liquidmetal has been stored below its melting point ... be taken in reheating the liquidmetal in the original packaging provided. Temperatures should not exceed 65.6 C. General handling guidelines Liquidmetal should be frozen before shipping and shipped ... should be labeled with date and time of opening. Liquidmetal should be shipped in accordance with the applicable ... nature, they should not be put in contact with most other metals. Liquidmetal should be stored in a cool ... , and halogenated chemicals . Before use, liquidmetal should be allowed to reach room temperature and liquefy. Shake or mix before use. Allow up to four hours for solidified liquidmetal to reach room temperature. Remove from storage one day before use. Rapid warming of liquidmetal on top of an oven ... packaging. As the liquidmetal is removed from the packaging, it is recommended that the volume ... more details
For the current incarnation on Sirius XM Radio formerly known as Hard Attack , see LiquidMetal Sirius XM Infobox Radio Station name XM LiquidMetal image branding xL XMLM airdate September 25, 2001 in radio 2001 frequency XM Satellite Radio XM 42 slogan Undiluted, industrial strength metal format Heavy metal music Heavy metal , extreme metal class Satellite Radio Station owner XM Satellite Radio area Off Air Now Lives As LiquidMetal Sirius XM LiquidMetal website http www.xmradio.com programming channel page.jsp?ch 42 XM LiquidMetal XM LiquidMetal or XMLM for short was a channel on XM Satellite Radio channel 42. The channel played a variety of hard metal from yesterday and today. The channel has been with XM Radio since day one, and has gone through a few phases since. On November 12, 2008 in radio 2008 , as part of the Sirius XM Merger , XM LiquidMetal merged with Hard Attack to form LiquidMetal Sirius XM LiquidMetal . Online banishment XM LiquidMetal was part of the basic Service economics service since the beginning of XM Satellite Radio s launch, but with the incoming of Major League Baseball and XM s MLB Home Plate talk station, XM LiquidMetal had to be removed from the Satellite ..., unlike other XM Online channels, XM LiquidMetal was not carried of other services such as DirecTV ..., dropped hints on the Opie and Anthony Opie and Anthony Show on High Voltage XM XM202 that LiquidMetal ... day. Logan confirmed it on the Opie & Anthony Show of March 23 that XM LiquidMetal will again ... , AOL Radio , XM Radio Online . Return to space On April 17 at midnight EDT, XM LiquidMetal resumed ... Mercury at 6pm EST. On December 11, 2007, LiquidMetal was taken hostage by Psychostick , Screaming ... part of LiquidMetal s arsenal of trophy gems. External links http www.xmradio.com programming channel page.jsp?ch 42 XM LiquidMetal XMChannels music Category Defunct radio stations in the United States ... sent to XM themselves. A website was set up called XMLM Underground for all the metal fans on XM ... more details
multiple issues context May 2010 onesource May 2010 In a Liquidmetal ion source LMIS , a metal typically gallium is used because for its low melting point, low vapor pressure , is relatively unreactive and the gallium ion is heavy enough for ion milling is heated to the liquid state. A Taylor cone is then formed under the application of a strong electric field. As the cone s tip get sharper, the electric field becomes stronger, until ions are produced by field evaporation. These ion sources are particularly used in ion implantation or in focused ion beam instruments. The technique of LMIS originates in the development of colloid thruster spacecraft propulsion systems. Research beginning in the early 1960 s showed that liquidmetal can generate large numbers of ions. By the early 1970 s, these results spawned the development LMIS ion microprobes. Initially, in the development of this technique, the liquidmetal was supplied by a capillary tube. This method can be difficult to control at low emission currents. The technique of blunt needle LMIS was discovered by accident in the early 1970 s. For this method a thin film of liquidmetal is allowed to flow to the apex of a sharp needle see, Orloff 2009 . See also Electrospray References cite journal author Swanson L W title Liquidmetal ion sources Mechanism and applications journal Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. volume 218 issue 1 3 pages 347 53 year 1983 doi 10.1016 0167 5087 83 91005 0 Orloff, J., Handbook of charged particle optics , CRC Press 2009 , p.32 Clampitt, R., Advances in molten metal field ion sources , NUCL INSTRUM METHODS, 189 1 , p.111 6 Category Ion source technology stub ... more details
Liquidmetal embrittlement also known as liquidmetal induced embrittlement is a phenomenon of practical ..., LiquidMetal Embrittlement in ASM Handbook, Volume 13A, Corrosion Fundamentals, Testing and Protection ... of liquidmetal embrittlement is revealed by the observation that several steels experienced ductility .... ref . Liquidmetal embrittlement effects can be observed even in solid state, when one of the metals ... Mechanical behaviour Liquidmetal embrittlement or LME is characterized by the reduction in the threshold .... Metal chemistry It is believed that there is specificity in the solid liquid metals combinations experiencing LME. ref name LiquidLiquidmetal assisted cracking of galvanized steel work, Topic Paper ... wetting of the solid surfaces by liquidmetal and prevents LME. Presence of an oxide layer on the solid ... elements to the liquidmetal may increase or decrease the embrittlement and alters the temperature ... of exposure to the liquidmetal prior to testing affect LME. Temperature produces a ductility ... trough generally coincides with the melting point of the liquidmetal. The upper limit ... of the liquidmetal on the solid metal induces dissolution and inward diffusion. Under stress these processes ... that the adsorption of the liquidmetal atoms at the crack tip weakens inter atomic bonds and propagates ... a model based on diffusion penetration of liquidmetal atoms to nucleate cracks which under .... Mater. Sci. , 1987 , 535 ref predicted that adsorption of the liquidmetal leads to weakening of atomic ... common liquidmetal causing embrittlement is Mercury element mercury . Its spills present especially ... plant. The failure of the inlet nozzle was due to liquidmetal embrittlement of the train B aluminium cold box by elemental mercury. Popular culture Liquidmetal embrittlement plays a central role ... Fracture brittle fracture when tested in the presence of specific liquid metals. Generally, a tensile ... to this rule have been observed, as in the case of aluminium in the presence of liquid gallium ... more details
Liquidmetal electrode is a replacement for mercury element mercury electrode variants. A few examples are those based on galinstan , NaK . They can be used in the same way as the mercury electrode in electrocapillarity , voltametry, impedance measurement. See also Rotating disk electrode Rotating ring disk electrode Liquid rheostat Notes references External links http pubs.acs.org doi abs 10.1021 la0346447 American Chemical Society http ieeexplore.ieee.org Xplore login.jsp?url http 3A 2F 2Fieeexplore.ieee.org 2Fiel5 2F4915264 2F4991571 2F04991728.pdf 3Ftp 3D 26arnumber 3D4991728 26punumber 3D4915264&authDecision 203 IEEE Category Electrodes ... more details
Liquid cooling may refer to The cooling of a liquid. The cooling of machinery or devices by convection or circulation of coolant s Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment , a garment worn by astronauts. Liquidmetalcooledreactor Radiator engine cooling Computer cooling fr Refroidissement liquide disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The VT 1 reactor was the nuclear fission nuclear reactorreactor used in a pair to power Soviet submarine K 27 as part of the Soviet Navy s Project 645 . It is a liquidmetalcooledreactor LMR , using enriched uranium highly enriched uranium 235 fuel to produce 73 megawatt MW of power. K 27 was a November class submarine November class first generation nuclear submarine, and the only one of its class fitted with liquidmetalcooled reactors. However the seven member Alfa class submarine Alfa class were subsequently fitted with liquidmetalcooled reactors. DEFAULTSORT Vt 1 Reactor Category Soviet naval reactors Category Liquidmetal fast reactors Submarine stub Nuclear energy stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 S2G redirects here. For the aircraft, see Grumman S 2 Tracker The S2G reactor was a United States Naval reactor naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and Nuclear marine propulsion propulsion on warship s, and the only liquid metal cooled reactor yet deployed by the US Navy. The S2G designation stands for S Submarine platform 2 Second generation Nuclear reactor core core designed by the contractor G General Electric was the contracted designer An S2G was the initial power plant of USS Seawolf SSN 575 USS Seawolf SSN 575 . This was one of three sodium cooled fast reactor s ordered for the Seawolf program at the same time as three PWR units were ordered to support the USS Nautilus SSN 571 USS Nautilus SSN 571 program In each case, one reactor was land based for training and research, one intended for installation on a submarine, and one spare. The land based unit corresponding to S2G was S1G reactor . Persistent superheater problems on Seawolf caused the superheaters to be bypassed, resulting in mediocre performance. This and concern for the dangers posed by liquid sodium coolant led to the PWR type being selected instead as the standard US naval reactor type, and the S2G on Seawolf was replaced by the spare S2Wa reactor from the Nautilus program. United States Naval reactor DEFAULTSORT S2g Reactor Category United States naval reactors Category Liquid metal fast reactors Nuclear energy stub USN stub ... more details
The OK 550 reactor is the nuclear fission nuclear reactorreactor used to power three of the seven boats of the Soviet Navy s Project 705 Lira or Alfa class submarine Alfa in NATO designation fourth generation submarines. It is a liquidmetalcooledreactor LMR , using enriched uranium highly enriched uranium 235 fuel to produce megawatt 155 MWt of power. OK 550 has three separate steam circulation loops, and was used in the boats built at Severodvinsk . See also BM 40A reactor External links http www.fas.org man dod 101 sys ship row rus 705.htm Project 705 Lira Alfa class at the Federation of American Scientists website. Category Soviet naval reactors Category Liquidmetal fast reactors submarine stub nuclear energy stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The S2Wa reactor is a United States Naval reactor naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and Nuclear marine propulsion propulsion on warship s. The S2Wa designation stands for S Submarine platform 2 Second generation Nuclear reactor core core designed by the contractor W Westinghouse Electric 1886 Westinghouse was the contracted designer After pressurized water reactor technology had proved its superiority in the S1W reactor S1W and S2W reactor S2W applications, the USS Seawolf SSN 575 USS Seawolf SSN 575 had her S2G reactor S2G liquidmetalcooledreactor replaced using spare S2W components. During the conversion, the steam turbine s in the powerplant were also re bladed to utilize saturated, rather than superheated, steam. United States Naval reactor DEFAULTSORT S2wa Reactor Category United States naval reactors Nuclear energy stub USN stub ... more details
The BM 40A reactor is the nuclear fission nuclear reactorreactor used to power four of the seven boats of the Soviet Navy s Project 705 Lira or Alfa class submarine Alfa in NATO designation fourth generation submarines. It is a liquidmetalcooledreactor LMR , using enriched uranium highly enriched uranium 235 fuel to produce megawatt 155 MWt of power. It was developed by OKB Gidropress . BM 40A has two steam circulation loops. See also OK 550 reactor External links http www.fas.org man dod 101 sys ship row rus 705.htm Project 705 Lira Alfa class at the Federation of American Scientists website. http www.gidropress.podolsk.ru en projects page 1276172635 3239.php Lead bismuth cooledreactor plants for nuclear submarines at the Gidropress website. Category Soviet naval reactors Category Liquidmetal fast reactors submarine stub nuclear energy stub de BM Reaktor ar BM 40A ... more details
as a main component, but not necessarily as a coolant in this case. An example of a heavy water reactor is Canada s CANDU reactor. Liquidmetalcooledreactor Utilize a liquidmetal, such as sodium or a lead bismuth alloy to cool the reactor core. Molten Salt Reactor Salts, typically fluorides of the alkali metals and alkali earth metals, are used as the coolant. Operation is similar to metalcooled reactors with high temperatures and low pressures, reducing pressure exerted on the reactor vessel versus water steam cooled designs. Of the main classes of reactor with a pressure vessel, the PWR ... thumb right The reactor vessel used in the first commercial nuclear power plant, the Shippingport Atomic Power Station . Photo from 1956. In a nuclear power plant , the reactor vessel is a pressure vessel containing the Nuclear reactor coolant and Nuclear reactor core reactor core . Not all power reactors have a reactor vessel. Power reactors are generally classified by the type of coolant rather than by the configuration of the reactor vessel used to contain the coolant. The classifications are Light water reactor Includes the Pressurized water reactor PWR , Boiling Water Reactor BWR . Vast majority of nuclear power reactors are of this type. Graphite moderated reactor Includes the Chernobyl accident Chernobyl Reactor RBMK that has a highly unusual reactor configuration compared to the vast majority of nuclear powerplants in Russia or around the world. Gas cooled thermal reactor Includes the Advanced gas cooledreactor AGR , the Gas Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor or GCFR, and the High temperature gas cooledreactor HTGR . An example of a Gas CooledReactor is the British Magnox . Heavy water reactor Utilize heavy water, or water with a higher than normal proportion of the hydrogen ... to extend its life. Annealing of PWR reactor vessels to extend their working life is a complex ... of PWRs. Components of a PWR Reactor Pressure Vessel PWR Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels share ... more details
Metal alloys that are liquid at room temperature include NaK , a sodium potassium metal alloy, galinstan ...Other uses pp move indef Liquid is a form of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid ... called chemical bonds. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth. Liquid is one of the three classical State of matter states of matter the others being gas and solid . Like a gas, a liquid ... others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension , leading to wetting phenomena. The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than in a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed Condensed matter physics condensed ... fluid s. Image Water drop 001.jpg thumb 300px The formation of a spherical Drop liquid droplet of liquid water minimizes the surface area , which is the natural result of surface tension in liquids. Introduction Liquid is one of the three primary State of matter states of matter , with the others being solid and gas . A liquid is a fluid . Unlike a solid, the molecule s in a liquid have a much ... in a liquid, allowing a liquid to flow while a solid remains rigid. A liquid, like a gas, displays the properties of a fluid. A liquid can flow, assume the shape of a container, and, if placed in a sealed ... a gas, a liquid may not always mix readily with another liquid, will not always fill every space in the container ... high pressures. These properties make a liquid suitable for applications such as hydraulics . Liquid ... of the molecules causes distances between the molecules to increase. When a liquid reaches its boiling point , the cohesive forces that bind the molecules closely together break, and the liquid changes ... between the molecules become smaller. When the liquid reaches its Melting point freezing point the molecules ... become more rigid, changing the liquid into its solid state unless supercooling occurs . Examples ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The D1G reactor was a prototype United States Naval reactor naval reactor designed for the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and Nuclear marine propulsion propulsion on warship s. The D1G designation stands for D Destroyer platform 1 First generation Nuclear reactor core core designed by the contractor G General Electric was the contracted designer This prototype nuclear reactor was constructed for the United States Department of Energy s Office of Naval Reactors as part of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. The reactor was built by General Electric and operated by the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory at the Kesselring Site Operation in Milton town , New York West Milton, New York . It was used for testing components and as a training tool for the Nuclear Power Training Unit. The reactor operated from 1962 to 1996, when it was shut down in March of that year. It was later defuelled, with the pressure vessel eventually removed in 2002. The reactor vessel containment vessel which housed both the primary nuclear reactor and secondary steam plant systems is referred to as the DIG ball due to its unique shape a Horton Sphere . The sphere was originally constructed by Chicago Bridge and Iron Works to house the liquidmetalcooledreactor of the USS Seawolf SSN 575 USS Seawolf SSN 575 , with the dome designed to contain a liquid sodium explosion. United States Naval reactor DEFAULTSORT D1g Reactor Category United States naval reactors Category Domes Nuclear energy stub USN stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The S1G reactor is a United States Naval reactor naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and Nuclear marine propulsion propulsion on warship s. The S1G designation stands for S Submarine platform 1 First generation Nuclear reactor core core designed by the contractor G General Electric was the contracted designer This nuclear reactor was constructed by General Electric as a prototype for the USS Seawolf SSN 575 USS Seawolf SSN 575 submarine. It was a liquidmetalcooledreactor using pure sodium to cool the core instead of water, because the higher temperature of liquid sodium compared to pressurized water enabled the production of more superheated steam in the Steam generator nuclear power steam generators . This resulted in a more efficient thermal cycle, yielding more Horsepower Shaft horsepower shaft horsepower for a given reactor size. The reactor design had problems because of limited operating temperature constraints. The major disadvantage of this concept was the ignition of sodium when exposed to air. S1G was used for testing and training. Eventually a sodium leak resulted in a fire, and the facility was shut down. In the meantime, the S1W reactor S1W and S2W reactor S2W pressurized water reactor s, conceived for the USS Nautilus SSN 571 USS Nautilus SSN 571 , had demonstrated their superior reliability. The S1G reactor facility and its Horton Sphere were later reused for the D1G reactor D1G prototype destroyer reactor. United States Naval reactor DEFAULTSORT S1g Reactor Category United States naval reactors Category Liquidmetal fast reactors Nuclear energy stub USN stub ... more details
wiktionary Reactor can mean Bioreactor Bioreactor Bioreactor , any device or system that supports a biologically active environment. Chemical reactor , a device for containing and controlling a chemical reaction Nuclear reactor technology Nuclear reactor , a device for containing and controlling a nuclear reaction Fusion power Fusion reactor , a device for containing and controlling a fusion power reaction An inductor possessing reactance in an electrical power grid A Line reactor is used to limit starting current of motors and to protect variable frequency drives The reactor pattern , a design pattern used in concurrent programming Reactor arcade game Reactor arcade game , an arcade game created by Gottlieb Reactor, Inc., a defunct interactive entertainment company founded by Mike Saenz Reactor Havok , a physics simulation engine Re ac tor , a 1981 album by Neil Young and Crazy Horse disambiguation ca Reactor cs Reaktor da Reaktor de Reaktor es Reactor eo Reaktoro fr R acteur it Reattore nl Reactor ja no Reaktor ru fi Reaktori sv Reaktor uk ... more details
and technology in the Soviet Union Category Soviet inventions Category Liquidmetal fast reactors ... 350 Fast breeder reactor began in 1964, and the plant first produced electricity in 1973. In addition ... of the reactor officially finished in 1993, and in June 1994, the reactor was forced to shut down ... continued to operate far below capacity until reactor operations ceased in 1999, when plutonium bearing spent fuel stopped being produced. See also Desalination BN 600 reactor BN 800 reactor External ... 350 Fast Reactor for the period of May 1996 May 1997 http www.osti.gov bridge servlets purl 751926 ... more details
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