unreferenced date December 2008 Jijel Arabic is a dialect of Arabic language Arabic spoken specifically in the Jijel Province in northeastern Algeria , but traces of it reach parts of the neighboring provinces of Skikda and Mila . It is quite different from all the other Arabic dialects spoken in eastern Algeria and has probably survived into present times because of the geographic enclavement of that mountainous area and the difficulty of terrestrial connections with the rest of the country for centuries. It is a relic of the pre Banu Hilal Hilalian Arabic dialects resulting from the first Arabic invasion in the 7th and 8th centuries that were once spoken in all the north of Constantine but which were later replaced by Hilalian Bedouin Arabic that was brought by the second wave of Arab invasions during the 11th century. Pre Hilalian Arabic dialects remained intact only in a small area around Jijel while they were heavily mixed with bedouin dialects in the areas of Constantine, Algeria Constantine , Mila , Collo and El Milia . These pre Hilalian Arabic dialects have survived also in the Algerian region of Tlemcen as well as in northern Morocco and to this day Northern Moroccan Arabic, Tlemcen Arabic, and Jijel Arabic are still very close to one another. External links http www.ieiop.com pub 05caubet.pdf Varieties of Arabic Category Languages of Algeria ar fr Djidj lien ... more details
Incomplete date February 2009 Maghrebi Arabic or Darija is a cover term for the Varieties of Arabic varietie s of Arabic language Arabic spoken in the Maghreb , including Morocco , Tunisia , Algeria , and Libya . In Algeria, colloquial Maghrebi Arabic was taught as a separate subject under French colonization, and some textbooks exist. Speakers of Maghrebi Arabic call their language Darija Derija or Darija , which means dialect in Modern Standard Arabic . It is primarily used as a spoken language written communication is primarily done in Modern Standard Arabic , along with news broadcasting. Darija ... in Morocco and Tunisia whilst Modern Standard Arabic al fu is used for written communication. Darija has a vocabulary mostly from Arabic language Arabic , with significant Berber languages ... fields, or by replacing old French and Spanish ones with Standard Arabic words within some circles ... varieties of Arabic there. Maghrebi dialects all use n as the grammatical person first person ... Arabic Middle Eastern dialects and Standard Arabic . They frequently borrow words from French language ... to the rules of Arabic with some exceptions like passive tense for example . Since it is rarely ... conquest . Linguistically, Andalusian Arabic and Siculo Arabic and therefore its descendant Maltese language Maltese are considered Maghrebi Arabic, but when discussing modern language the word is often given a geographic definition and limited to North Africa. Varieties File Arabic Dialects.svg thumb right An overview of the different Arabic dialects Varieties of Arabic Koin language Koin s Algerian Arabic Moroccan Arabic Tunisian Arabic Libyan Arabic Fully pre Banu Hilal Hilalian Jebli Arabic Jijel Arabic Siculo Arabic extinct Maltese language descended from Siculo Arabic Sicilian Arabic , but influenced ... Hassaniya Arabic Saharan Arabic See also Darija Further reading Singer, Hans Rudolf 1980 Das ... Dialekte . Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden. 249 76. References references Navboxes list Arabic language ... more details
Infobox language name Omani Arabic states Oman region Hajar mountains and a few coastal towns speakers 815,000 familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Southern script Arabic alphabet iso3 acx Omani Arabic also known as Omani Hadari Arabic is a Varieties of Arabic variety of Gulf Arabic dialect spoken in the Hajar Mountains of Oman and in a few neighboring coastal regions. It was formerly spoken by colonists in Kenya and Tanzania , but most or all of them have shifted to Swahili language Swahili . ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code acx Ethnologue entry for Omani Arabic External links ethnologue acx http www.rosettaproject.org archive acx Entry for Omani Arabic at Rosetta Project Varieties of Arabic Category Arabic languages Category Languages of Oman AfroAsiatic lang stub Oman stub ar br Arabeg Oman cs Om nsk arab tina hr Omanski arapski mk th ... more details
merge from Arabic Letter Keyboard Intellark date October 2011 unreferenced date May 2009 The Arabic keyboard lang ar is the keyboard layout used for the Arabic language. All Computer Arabic keyboards contain both Arabic and Latin, as Latin characters are necessary for Uniform Resource Locator URL s and Email address es. Since Arabic is written from right to left, when typing using an Arabic keyboard, the letters will start appearing from the right side of the screen. Layouts Arabic Typewriter Keyboard This keyboard layout first appeared on the first Arabic typewriter made by Egyptians Philip Wakid and Saleem Haddad in 1914. File KB Arabic Typewriter.svg Sakhr MSX Arabic Keyboard File KB Arabic Sakhr.svg IBM PC Arabic Keyboard File KB Arabic.svg Mac Arabic Keyboard File KB Arabic MAC.svg Intellark Arabic Keyboard File Intellark4qwerty.png Intellark imposed on a QWERTY keyboard layout The above layout is built to maximize knowledge transfer . Intellark is designed to allow QWERTY , AZERTY or any Latin derived keyboard layout users to retain and reuse their knowledge of key locations. In Intellark , a relationship is established between Latin based and Arabic based characters based on phonetic sound. For example, typing the English element in the pairs a, , s, , d, , f, , or w, produces the Arabic one. Next, further relationships are drawn among the Arabic characters themselves, where double pressing the element on the right in each pair in , , , produces a dependent character as based on shape, phonetic sound, or both, and so on. See also Arabic Letter Keyboard Intellark External links http learn101.org arabic keyboard.php Arabic keyboard with English phonetics http www.arabic keyboard.org Arabic keyboard http www.arabe clavier.com arabic keyboard Arabic keyboard online and Arabic transliteration Category Arabic language computing Keyboard Category Keyboard layouts Category Input methods ar fa ... more details
multiple issues lead missing December 2011 unfer December 2011 wikify December 2011 orphan December 2011 Peninsular Arabic , or Khaliji Arabic , is the set of Arabic dialects spoken throughout the Arabian Peninsula. This includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, as well as large parts of Iraq, Syria and Jordan. Note As this area is the homeland of the Arabic language, it is common to expect the language spoken there to be closer to Classical or Qur an Arabic. This is not the case. Although these dialect may have kept nowadays archaic features such as the conservation of nunation for indeterminate nouns, they are as or sometimes even more divergent from Classical Arabic as other dialects may be. Varieties File Arabic Dialects.svg thumb right An overview of the different Arabic dialects One generally considers the following varieties Najdi Arabic , spoken in the center of the peninsula. It is characterized by a shift of q to d and k to t . Gulf Arabic , spoken on the coast of the Arabo Persian gulf, with adds to Najdi feature a further evolution of into a y sound, IPA j . cn date March 2012 Yemen Arabic , which displays a past conjugation with ultra archaic k suffix, as in southern Semitic languages. It has to be noted that the particular dialect of Aden has IPA as in Cairo. Hijazi Arabic , spoken along the coast of the red sea, and especially in the cities of Makka and Jiddah. It shows sufficiently many similarities with the dialects spoken in Sudan and upper Egypt, to suggests that these latter African aeras could have been arabicized without populations crossing the isthmus of Suez. The dialect of the Syrian desert nomads, with the characteristic feature of q dz and k ts . It should be noted that the IPA ilit dialects spoken in Syria and Iraq on the Euphrates course, are very close to Peninsular Arabic AfroAsiatic lang stub Arabic language Varieties of Arabic Category Languages of Saudi Arabia Category Arabic languag ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2011 Infobox language name Gulf Arabic states Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Bahrain , Qatar , United Arab Emirates UAE & Oman . familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Southern script Arabic alphabet iso3 afb Gulf Arabic also known as Khaliji, al lahja al khalijiya is a Varieties of Arabic variety of the Arabic language spoken around the shore of the Persian Gulf such as in Kuwaiti Arabic Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Bahrani Arabic Bahrain , Qatar , the United Arab Emirates and Omani Arabic Oman . Some notable characteristics that set it apart from other Arabian dialects are the presence of Persian language Persian loanword s and a pronunciation of k as ch kalb dog, read as chalb q as g daqiqa minute, read as dagiga and, in some instances, the pronunciation j as y jeeb bring masc , read as yeeb . References reflist See also Varieties of ArabicArabic language Varieties of Arabic Category Persian Gulf Category Languages of Iraq Category Languages of Kuwait Category Languages of Saudi Arabia Category Languages of Bahrain Category Languages of Qatar Category Languages of the United Arab Emirates Category Languages of Oman Category Central Semitic languages Category Arabic languages language stub ar br Arabeg ar Pleg mor es rabe del Golfo fa fr Arabe du Golfe hr Zaljevski arapski mk pl J zyk arabski rejonu Zatoki Perskiej sco Gulf Arabic ta th ... more details
Infobox language name Algerian Saharan Arabic states Algeria , Niger region southern speakers 110,000 date 1996 ethnicity familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Maghrebi Arabic Maghrebi iso3 aao Algerian Saharan Arabic also known as Saharan Arabic, Tamanrasset Arabic, Tamanghasset Arabic is a structurally distinct Varieties of Arabic variety of Arabic language Arabic spoken by an estimated 100,000 people in Algeria, predominantly along the Moroccan border with the Atlas mountains range. It is also spoken by about 10,000 people in neighbouring Niger . ref cite book editor first Raymond G., Jr. editor last Gordon year 2005 title Ethnologue Languages of the World edition 15th location Dallas publisher Summer Institute of Linguistics isbn 155671159X page page needed date March 2011 nopp yes use of nopp yes prevents cite book from displaying a p. ref Notes Reflist External links http multitree.org codes aao Report on Saharan Arabic from the MultiTree Project http llmap.org languages aao.html Report on Saharan Arabic from the LL Map Proect References Ethnologue aao Algerian Saharan Arabic Varieties of Arabic Category Central Semitic languages Category Languages of Algeria Category Languages of Niger AfroAsiatic lang stub Algeria stub Niger stub es rabe sahariano fr Arabe saharien hr Saharski arapski mk ... more details
Incubator code aec Infobox language name Sa idi Arabic states Egypt speakers 18,900,000 familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Central script Arabic alphabet iso3 aec notice IPA Sa idi Arabic lang aec , small locally small IPA arz s i di , IPA arz s e i di lang also known as Saidi Arabic ref http www.sil.org iso639 3 documentation.asp?id aec ISO 639 3 spelling ref is the variety of Arabic language Arabic spoken by Sa idi s south of Cairo , Egypt to the border of Sudan . ref Versteegh, p. 163 ref It shares linguistic features both with Egyptian Arabic , as well as Sudanese Arabic . Dialects include Middle and Upper Egyptian Arabic. Speakers of Egyptian Arabic do not always understand more conservative varieties of Sa idi Arabic. ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Sa idi Arabic carries little prestige nationally though it continues to be widely spoken, including in the north by rural migrants who have partially adapted to Egyptian Arabic . For example, the Sa idi genitive exponent is usually replaced with Egyptian unicode bit , but the realization of IPAslink q as IPAblink is retained normally realized in Egyptian Arabic as IPAblink . Second and third generation Sa idi migrants are monolingual in Egyptian Arabic, but maintain cultural and family ties to the south. Sa idi consonants Sa idi Arabic has these consonants ref Khalafallah 1969 ref class wikitable style text align ... Ethnologue entry for Sa idi Arabic Khalafallah, Abdelghany A. 1969. A Descriptive Grammar of Sa i di Egyptian Colloquial Arabic . Janua Linguarum, Series Practica 32. The Hague Mouton. cite book last Versteegh first Kees title The Arabic Language publisher Edinburgh University Press location Edinburgh year 2001 isbn 0748614362 External links Varieties of Arabic Category Arabic languages Category ... more details
Punctuation marks & x066D For stars with Arabic names, see List of Arabic star names . The Arabic star is a punctuation mark developed to be distinct from the asterisk . The asterisk had existed in feudal times , and the original shape of the asterisk was six pointed, each point like a teardrop coming from the center. However, some typewriter s had difficulty printing the six arms distinctly. The Arabic star is given a distinct character in Unicode , unichar 066D Arabic five pointed star note noted Appearance rather variable html , in the range Arabic alphabet Arabic punctuation . ref http www.unicode.org charts PDF U0600.pdf Chart U 0600 Arabic ref Variants In many modern fonts, however, the asterisk is five pointed, and the Arabic star is sometimes six or eight pointed. The two symbols are compared below the display depends on your browser s font . class wikitable style text align center Asterisk Full width Asterisk Arabic star five pointed star six pointed star eight pointed star style font size 6em padding 15pt padding top 30pt class Unicode style font size 6em padding 15pt padding top 30pt class Unicode style font size 6em padding 15pt padding top 30pt class Unicode style font size 4em padding 15pt padding top 30pt class Unicode style font size 6em padding 15pt padding top 30pt class Unicode style font size 6em padding 15pt padding top 30pt class Unicode Unicode In Unicode, Arabic and similar stars are encoded at unichar 066D arabic five pointed star html unichar 06de ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB html See also Star glyph References reflist External links http en.wikibooks.org wiki Windows Programming Unicode Character reference 0000 0FFF Windows Programming Unicode Character reference 0000 0FFF Category Arabic punctuations and symbols typ stub de Arabischer Stern ... more details
Refimprove date January 2011 Infobox language name Siculo Arabic extinct by 1300 states Emirate of Sicily familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Maghrebi Arabic script Arabic alphabet iso3 sqr Siculo Arabic or Sicilian Arabic was a Varieties of Arabic variety of Arabic spoken in Sicily and Malta between ... zone even after the fall of Taormina in 902 which completed the invasion. By that time, Arabic ... of Muslims and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians Clarify date January 2011 continued to use Arabic ... 2011 In the post conquest period, both Arabic and Greek were sometimes used by the new rulers. However, Arabic was dropped as a language of government between 1117 and 1132. Clarify date December ... office operated in Arabic, Citation needed date January 2011 Greek and Latin. The many documents that it issued are one of the main and most important sources for Arabic in Sicily. Although the Norman rulers employed Arabic and some were attested as Arabic speakers themselves, after only a century ... of Arabic on other languages Arabic influence is present in a small number of Sicilian language ... relate to agriculture and related activities. Maltese language Although Siculo Arabic died out in Sicily ... Some items of Siculo Arabic vocabulary are comparable with later items found in Maltese language . These include class wikitable Maltese Siculo Arabic English language English Bebbuxu Babbaluciu Snail ... 1996 title Siculo Arabic publisher Kegan Paul International location London isbn 0710304978 cite book first Alex last Metcalfe year 2003 title Muslims and Christian in Norman Sicily. Arabic speakers ... Jeremy last Johns year 2002 title Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily. The Royal Diwan publisher ... Spoke Siculo Arabic? XII Incontro Italiano di Linguistica Camitio semitica Afroasiatica ATTI a cura di Marco Moriggi Rubbettino 2007 Varieties of Arabic Category Arabic languages Category Extinct ... more details
Infobox Language name Iraqi Arabic nativename Ir q pronunciation IPA ar r ki familycolor ... fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Mesopotamian Arabic dia1 Baghdad Arabic Baghdadi dia2 Khuzestani Arabic Khuzestani dia3 North Mesopotamian Arabic Maslawi script Arabic alphabet nation agency iso3 acm notice IPA Iraqi Arabic also called Mesopotamian Arabic is a continuum of mutually intelligible Arabic Varieties of Arabic varieties native to the Mesopotamia ... www.ethnologue.org show language.asp?code acm Arabic, Mesopotamian Ethnologue ref western Iran , ref name E1 southeastern Turkey , ref name E2 http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code ayp Arabic ... Arabic has two major varieties. A distinction is recognised between Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic and Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic, the appellations deriving from the form of the word for I said . ref cite book last Mitchell first T. F. authorlink Terence Frederick Mitchell title Pronouncing Arabic, Volume ... Gelet group includes a Tigris dialect cluster, of which the best known form is Baghdad Arabic Baghdadi Arabic , and a Euphrates dialect cluster, known as Furati Euphrates Arabic . The Gelet variety ... the north Tigris dialect cluster, also known as North Mesopotamian Arabic or Maslawi Mosul Arabic , as well as both Judeo Iraqi Arabic Jewish and Christian sectarian dialects such as Baghdad Arabic Jewish Baghdad Jewish Arabic . Due to Iraq s inherent multiculturalism as well as history, Iraqi Arabic ... Both the Gelet and the Qeltu varieties of Iraqi Arabic are spoken in Syria , ref name E1 ... River Upper Khabur area and across the border in Turkey . ref name E2 Cypriot Maronite Arabic Cypriot Arabic shares a large number of common features with Mesopotamian Arabic ref cite book last Versteegh first Kees title The Arabic Language year 2001 publisher Edinburgh University Press isbn ... area. ref name OUP cite book last Owens first Jonathan title A Linguistic History of Arabic ... more details
Infobox language name Najdi Arabic states Saudi Arabia , Jordan , Iraq , Syria speakers 9,863,520 familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Southern script Arabic alphabet iso3 ars Najdi Arabic lang ar is a Varieties of Arabic variety of the Arabic language spoken in the desert and oases of central Saudi Arabia . There are four major groups of Najdi Arabic. 1. Northern Najdi, spoken in Zulfi , Al Qassim Province Qaseem and Jabal Shammar regions of Najd. 2. Central Najdi Urban Najdi , spoken in the city of Riyadh and surrounding towns and farming communities. 3. Southern Najdi, spoken in the city of Kharj and surrounding towns. 4. Badawi Najdi, spoken by the nomadic tribes of Najd. Some tribes have their own distinct accents. Badawi Najdi is also spoken in neighboring Jordan , Syria , and Iraq . ref Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World . 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics. ref Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code ars Ethnologue entry for Najdi Arabic P.F. Abboud. 1964. The Syntax of Najdi Arabic, University of Texas PhD dissertation. External links ethnologue ars http www.rosettaproject.org archive ars Entry for Najdi Arabic at Rosetta Project Varieties of Arabic Category Arabic languages Category Languages of Saudi Arabia Category Languages of Jordan Category Languages of Iraq Category Languages of Syria AfroAsiatic lang stub Saudi Arabia stub ar br Arabeg nadjiek hr Najdi arapski mk arz th ... more details
Arabic Braille is a unified international braille code for the Arabic alphabet . As a part of the unified braille, Arabic braille assignments generally correspond to the same romanization of Arabic romanization ... English braille. It is the standard for braille encoding of Arabic in at least Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Syria, and presumably in most other Arabic speaking countries as of 1990, Algerian braille is distinct and unrelated. Other Arabic based alphabets , such as Bharati braille Urdu and Persian braille Farsi , are similar to Arabic braille but differ in some letter ... images 0008 000872 087242eb.pdf publisher UNESCO accessdate 2012 04 27 ref Arabic braille chart Letters class wikitable style text align center Arabic font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font Braille Braille Cell 1 Braille Cell ... Arabic font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script Arabic font font size 5 style line height 115 script ... more details
Infobox Language name Shirvani Arabic nativename states Azerbaijan , br Dagestan Russia region Caucasus extinct Second half of the 19th century familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic language Arabic iso3 none Shirvani Arabic was a dialect of Arabic language Arabic that was once spoken in what is now central and northwestern Azerbaijan historically known as Shirvan and Dagestan southern Russia . History Arabic had been spoken in the region since the Muslim conquests Muslim conquest of the South Caucasus at the beginning of the 8th century. It was brought there by Arab settlers consisting mostly of military staff, merchants and craftsmen from Iraq and Syria , and was used as an official language. It experienced decline after the weakening of the Abbasid Caliphate Caliphate in the 13th century and was gradually replaced by Persian language Persian Tat language Azerbaijan Tat and Azerbaijani language Azeri . Groups of Arabs mostly from Yemen continued to immigrate to southern Dagestan influencing the culture and literary traditions of the local population who had already become Islamization Islamized . ref http ... Anna Zelkina. The Arabic Linguistic and Cultural Tradition in Dagestan an Historical Overview . Arabic as a Minority Language by Jonathan Owens ed. . Walter de Gruyter Publ. Berlin 2000. ISBN 3110165783 ref The latest documentation of the existence of Shirvani Arabic is attributed to the Azeri ... a group of Shirvan Arabs speaks an altered version of Arabic. ref http www.vostlit.info Texts ... . Baku 1991, p. 21 ref Arabic continued to be spoken in Dagestan until the 1920s mostly by upper ... Khuzestani Arabic Central Asian Arabic References Reflist Varieties of Arabic Category Arabic languages Category Languages of Azerbaijan Category Extinct languages of Europe Arabic Category Extinct languages of Asia Arabic AfroAsiatic lang stub Azerbaijan stub hu Sirv ni arab nyelv mk ... more details
Infobox language name Juba Arabic nativename Arabi Juba states South Sudan speakers 20,000 date 1987 speakers2 44,000 second language L2 speakers familycolor Creole fam1 Arabic based creole languages Arabic based creole iso3 pga Juba Arabic is a lingua franca spoken mainly in Equatoria Province in South ... speak Juba Arabic, tending towards the use of Arabic closer to Sudanese Arabic , in addition to local languages. Classification Juba derives from a pidgin based in Sudanese Arabic . It has a vastly ..., writing in the mid 1970s, classifies Juba Arabic as a pidgin rather than a creole language meaning ... Arabic was not merely Arabic spoken badly but is a distinct dialect. ref Harvcoltxt Abdel Salam & De ... have further encouraged the use of Arabic as opposed to Juba Arabic , may have changed patterns of usage and transmission of Juba Arabic since the time of the last available research. Further research is required to determine the extent to which Juba Arabic may now be considered a creole rather than ... as the new official language of government in South Sudan in preference to Arabic and local languages such as Juba Arabic, Dinka , Nuer language Nuer , Shilluk people Shilluk etc. ref Harvcoltxt ... Languages http msupress.msu.edu bookTemplate.php?bookID 2773 Juba Arabic English Dictionary Kamuus ta Arabi Juba wa Ingliizi http www.podcastdirectory.com podcasts 22354 Podcasts in Juba Arabic http www.scribd.com doc 3751607 Juba Arabic Verbs and Phrases Bibliography Citation last DeCamp first ... 1979 title Linguistic Variation and Change in the Aspectual System of Juba Arabic place Washington, D.C publisher Georgetown University Press Citation last Mahmud first Ashari Ahmed year 1983 title Arabic ... Mauro year 1995 title A pidgin verbal system the case of Juba Arabic journal Anthropological linguistics volume 37 issue 4 pages 423 459 Other Readings it Manfredi, Stefano Juba Arabic A Grammatical Description of Juba Arabic with Sociolinguistic notes about the Sudanese community in Cairo , Universit ... more details
for the Arabic script as used to write the Arabic language Arabic alphabet Infobox writing system name Arabic type Abjad typedesc originally languages Arabic language Arabic , Persian language Persian ... Arab sample Arabic albayancalligraphy.svg imagesize 200px The Arabic script is a writing system used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa, such as Arabic language Arabic , Persian language .... ref cite web url http www.britannica.com eb article 9008156 Arabic alphabet title Arabic Alphabet accessdate 2007 11 23 publisher Encyclopaedia Britannica online ref The Arabic script is written from right to left in a cursive style. In most cases the letters transcribe consonants, so most Arabic alphabets are classified as abjad s. The script was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably ... section sectionlink Languages written with the Arabic script below. It is also the basis for a rich tradition of Arabic calligraphy . The Arabic script has the ISO 15924 codes Arab and 160 . Languages written with the Arabic script File Flicker Arabic Alphabet.jpg thumb right 300px Basic Arabic ... 400px margin 0 0 1em 1em style background 0a0 colspan 3 style text align center Worldwide use of the Arabic script colspan 3 Image Arabic alphabet world distribution.PNG center 400px Arabic alphabet world distribution. colspan 3 Countries where the Arabic script style width 10px height 10px background ... level China, India or is a recognized alternative orthography Malaysia The Arabic script has been adopted for use in a wide variety of languages besides Arabic, including Persian language Persian ... in Arabic phonology . For example, the Arabic language lacks a voiceless bilabial plosive the IPA ... n and Turkic languages written in Arabic script tend to use the Persian alphabet Persian modified ... Jawi . The modified version of the Arabic script originally devised for use with Persian is known as the Persian alphabet Perso Arabic script by scholars. In the case of Kurdish language Kurdish ... more details
BBC Arabic may refer to the Arabic language radio station run by the BBC World Service , as well as the BBC s Arabic language satellite BBC Arabic Television TV channel , and the website that serves as an Arabic ... British views to the Arab world. This was partly in response to the Italian Arabic language ... British. ref name Partner 1988 p5 cite book last Partner first Peter title Arab Voices The BBC Arabic ... pages 5 ref In the years leading up to the 1938 establishment of the BBC Arabic language service ... title Arab Voices The BBC Arabic Service 1938 1988 year 1988 publisher British Broadcasting Corporation ... established news standards not be compromised in the name of broadcasting Arabic language British ... Arab Voices The BBC Arabic Service 1938 1988 year 1988 publisher British Broadcasting Corporation ... was founded, the BBC began broadcasting in Arabic . ref name BBC FAQ 1930s ref name Barkho ... Partner 1988 p57 cite book last Partner first Peter title Arab Voices The BBC Arabic Service 1938 1988 ... BBC Arabic is considered one of the oldest and longest running foreign language news services. ref name Barkho 2010 Early Programing The BBC Arabic service started in 1938 as 65 minute broadcasts. In 1940 ... 1988 p57 By the end of World War II, the Arabic language program was three hours. ref name Partner ... 1988 p57 In 1943 the Arabic Service established a Cairo Office, enabling direct news gathering ... The BBC Arabic Service 1938 1988 year 1988 publisher British Broadcasting Corporation location London ... Hughes from 1948 Head Eastern Service Gordon Waterfeield from 1949 Head Arabic Service Gordon Waterfield ... Bowman from 1981 James Norris from 1986 Bon Jobbins from 1988 Programing BBC Arabic broadcasts programs ... http news.bbc.co.uk hi arabic radio schedule default.stm work BBC Arabic News publisher BBC accessdate 15 May 2011 ref Radio Broadcasts Hadeeth as Saa a Hourly Updates ref name BBC Arabic Programs cite web title TV and Radio url http www.bbc.co.uk arabic tvandradio work BBC Arabic publisher BBC accessdate ... more details
Incubator code apd Infobox language name Sudanese Arabic states Sudan region northern speakers 18,986,000 ... Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Central script Arabic alphabet iso3 apd notice IPA Sudanese Arabic is the Varieties of Arabic variety of Arabic language Arabic spoken throughout Sudan . It has ... in a variety of Arabic that is unique to Sudan , reflecting the way in which the country has been influenced ... Britain claimed that the Arabic spoken in Sudan was a pure but archaic Arabic . The pronunciation ... Arabic is distinct from Egyptian Arabic and does not share some of the characteristic properties of that dialect despite the overall similarity of the two dialects. The Arabic letter big Arabic ... have IPA d , IPA or IPA j , while Egyptian Arabic has IPA . Sudanese Arabic also maintains an archaic ... dialects renders it as IPA . The uvular rendering of qaf has been lost in nearly every other Arabic dialect and is also considered a relic. Also peculiar to Sudanese is the quality of the Arabic ..., Sudanese Arabic also uses different words when compared to Egyptian Arabic. For example, the interrogative pronoun what in Sudan is shinu rather than ay as in Egyptian Arabic. Influence of Nubian languages In northern and central parts of Sudan, Sudanese colloquial Arabic has been influenced ... Egypt and Northern Sudan. Many of the agricultural and farming terms in Sudanese Arabic were adopted from Nubian. Sudanese Arabic angareb Nobiin ng r wooden bed Sudanese Arabic kad sa Nobiin k d s cat versus Standard Arabic transl ar DIN qi and transl ar DIN hirr and derivatives of the same ... in Arabic spoken throughout the country. Sudanese Arabic typically refers to Arabic spoken mostly in northern parts of Sudan. The other most commonly mentioned derviate of Arabic in Sudan is Juba Arabic , a pidgin of Arabic, which is much more heavily influenced by other local languages. Greetings in Sudanese Arabic In northern Sudan, greetings are typically extended, and involve multiple ... more details
Infobox language name Lebanese Arabic states Lebanon familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 South Central Semitic fam5 Arabic language Arabic fam6 Levantine Arabic fam7 North Levantine Arabic script Arabic alphabet iso3 notice IPA Lebanese or Lebanese Arabic is a Varieties of Arabic variety of Levantine Arabic , indigenous to and spoken ... ern and Europe an languages, and is in some ways unique from other varieties of Arabic. Due to natural ... mix French, English, and other languages into their daily spoken Arabic, a phenomenon similarly exhibited within Maghreb Arab countries as well. Differences from Standard Arabic Lebanese Arabic ... varieties of Arabic language Arabic . Lebanese, like many other spoken Levantine varieties, exhibits a very different syllable structure from Modern Standard Arabic . While Standard Arabic can have ... differences between Standard Arabic Literary Arabic and Spoken Lebanese Coffee lang ar , Literary Arabic IPA qahwa Lebanese IPA ahwe . The voiceless uvular plosive IPA q corresponds to a glottal ... shared with most dialect s of Egyptian Arabic . The exception for this general rule is the Druze of Lebanon ... is IPA qalb in Literary Arabic, becomes IPA aleb or IPA alb , which is similar in Syrian Arabic Syrian , Palestinian Arabic Palestinian and Egyptian Arabic Egyptian . The use of IPAslink q by Druze ... of Arabic , Lebanese has retained the classical diphthongs IPA a and IPA a could a Lebanese user make ... Arabic dialects Although there is a common Lebanese dialect mutually understood by most Lebanese ... in novel s where a dialect is implied or in some types of poetry that do not use classical Arabic ..., are typically written in Modern Standard Arabic , French language French , or English language English . While Arabic script is usually employed, informal usage such as Instant messaging online chat may mix and match Latin letter Arabic chat alphabet transliterations . The Lebanese poet Said ... more details
Bah books The Arabic Bay n is a book written by the B b around 1848. Its larger sister book is the Persian Bay n . The work is incomplete, containing only eleven Vahid s. Each Vahid serves as a chapter and contains nineteen Abwab . The grammar is highly irregular. The work was composed while the B b was imprisoned in Maku, Iran . External links http bahai9.com Bay C3 A1n 28Arabic 29 Compendium on the Arabic Bay n http www.h net.org bahai areprint bab A F b bayana bayana.htm The Text of the Arabic Bayan in Arabic Category B b texts Bah stub it Bay n arabo pt Bay n rabe ru ... more details
about the historical family of dialects Arabic languages File Arabic Dialects.svg thumb 530px right Different dialects of Arabic in the Arab world The Arabic language is span style mso spacerun yes a Semitic .... The Arabic of North Africa, for example, is often incomprehensible to an Arabic speaker from the Levant ... varies between its modern iteration often called Modern Standard Arabic or MSA in English and the Classical Arabic that serves as its inspiration, though Arabic speakers typically do not make this distinction ..., to list only some. These differences are to some degree bridgeable. Often, Arabic speakers ... Dialect leveling Arabic is characterized by a wide number of varieties however, Arabic .... 29. ref An important factor in the mixing or changing of Arabic is the concept of a prestige dialect .... The formal Arabic language carries a considerable prestige in most Arabic speaking communities, depending .... ref Many studies have shown that for most speakers, there is a prestige variety of vernacular Arabic. In Egypt, for non Cairenes, the prestige dialect is Cairo Arabic. For Jordanian women from Bedouin .... ref Moreover, in certain contexts, a dialect relatively different from formal Arabic may carry more ... Holes, 1983, p. 448. ref Language mixes and changes in different ways. Arabic speakers often use more than one variety of Arabic within a conversation or even a sentence. This process is referred to as Code ..., Cairo and Jerusalem. To express the existential there is as in, there is a place where... , Arabic ... IPA fi Modern Standard Arabic IPA huna ka In this case, IPA fi is most likely to be used as it is not associated ... of speakers. Moreover, given the prevalence of movies and TV shows in Egyptian Arabic, the speakers ... one group from another when necessary. Regional varieties The greatest variations between kinds of Arabic ... typology is usually used Peninsular Arabic Arabian Peninsula Khaliji Arabic group includes Gulf Arabic Bahrani Arabic Baharna Arabic Najdi Arabic Omani Arabic Hejazi Arabic Shihhi Arabic ... more details
Bimbashi Arabic soldier Arabic , or Mongallese was a pidgin of Arabic which developed among military troops in Anglo Egyptian Sudan , and was popular 1870 1920 CE. ref http books.google.com books?id wG08AAAAIAAJ&pg PA518&dq 22bimbashi arabic 22&hl en&ei IaFzTvbrF8fx0gGB umlDQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 9&ved 0CFYQ6AEwCA v onepage&q 22bimbashi 20arabic 22&f false ref Bimbashi later branched and developed into three languages Turku language Turku in Chad, Ki Nubi in Kenya and Uganda, and Juba Arabic in South Sudan. ref http books.google.com books?id Pb8dH VbqL0C&pg PA24&dq 22bimbashi arabic 22&hl en&ei IaFzTvbrF8fx0gGB umlDQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 7&ved 0CE0Q6AEwBg v onepage&q 22bimbashi 20arabic 22&f false ref Further reading http books.google.com books?id 8E0Rr1xY4TQC&pg PA26&dq 22mongallese 22&hl en&ei pqJzTvHyCaeOsQLb6dWLBQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CDUQ6AEwAg v onepage&q 22mongallese 22&f false References reflist Category Arabic languages Category Languages of Sudan Category Military pidgins ... more details
Infobox language name Classical Arabic states Historically in the Middle East , now used as a liturgical ... fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic dialects Over 24 Arabic dialects modern Arabic dialects map Large Koran.jpg mapcaption Verses from the Qur an in Classical Arabic, written in the cursive Arabic alphabet Arabic script . notice IPA Contains Arabic text Classical Arabic CA , also known as Qur an ic or Koranic Arabic , is the form of the Arabic language used in literary texts from Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate ... Arab tribes . Modern Standard Arabic MSA is the direct descendant used today throughout the Arab ... linguistics stylistics of Modern Standard Arabic are different from Classical Arabic, the morphology ... of the syntactic structures available in CA . ref Harv Bin Muqbil 2006 p 15 ref The Varieties of Arabic ... are normally called Unicode al fu lang ar &lrm in Arabic, meaning the clearly spoken one or the language of eloquence . Because the Qur an is written in Classical Arabic, the language ... Arabic Language.html Arabic Language, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. Classical Arabic, which has many archaic words, is the sacred language of Islam... . http www.webcitation.org ..., regardless of what language they use in everyday life. History Classical Arabic has its origins in the central ... www.arabia felix.com printer 20.html archivedate February 9, 2008 ref Classical Arabic is the only surviving ... Arabic goes back to 328 AD and is known as the transl ar Nam rah inscription, written in the Nabataean ... Arabic became a prominent language of scholarship and religious devotion as the language of the Qur ... of Arabic modern dialects is somewhat analogous to the relationship of Latin and the Romance languages or Middle Chinese and the modern Chinese language s. Morphology Classical Arabic is one of the Semitic ... way from it. Grammar Arab culture main Arabic grammar Descriptive grammar in Arabic lang ar &lrm ... more details
no footnotes date December 2010 Infobox language name Palestinian Arabic states Palestine , Israel familycolor ... fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Levantine Arabic script Arabic alphabet iso3 ajp notice IPA Palestinian Arabic is a Levantine Arabic dialect subgroup spoken by Palestinians and the majority of Arab ... particularly the pronunciation of qaf as kaf , which distinguish them from other Arabic varieties. Palestinian urban dialects more closely resemble northern Levantine Arabic dialects, that is, the colloquial variants of Syria and Lebanon . Differences from other forms of Levantine Arabic see also Timeline of the name Palestine Until relatively recently the Arabic spoken in the Ottoman sanjak of Syria was considered a single Syrian dialect, as for example advised by F. E. Crow in his 1901 Arabic ..., containing a simplified grammar, a comprehensive English and Arabic vocabulary and dialogues. printed in London by Luzac & co. There are noticeable differences between Palestinian Arabic and other forms of Levantine Arabic such as Syrian Arabic and Lebanese Arabic . However, none of these is invariable, given the differences of dialect within Palestinian Arabic itself. One typical feature of Palestinian .... Palestinian Arabic also shares some features with Egyptian Arabic Egyptian , distinguishing it from ... Territories as it is in Egypt. However, mitl , as found in Syrian and Lebanese Arabic, is also ... and pseudo verbal prepositional pronouns. Palestinians Sub dialects of Palestinian Arabic Palestinian Arabic falls into three groups Urban Palestinian, Rural Palestinian Bedouin Palestinian. Of these, the urban dialect is the closest to northern Levantine Arabic of Syria and Lebanon. Meanwhile, the Bedouin dialect is nearer to varieties of Arabic spoken in Arabia itself, the Bedouins being more ... Arabization over the centuries . Notable differences in the varieties of Palestinian Arabic ... among the Druze , the q f is actually pronounced q f as in Classical Arabic and other previous semitic ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
