In computer science , a localvariable is a Variable programming variable that is given local scope programming scope . Such a variable is accessible only from the subroutine function or block programming block in which it is declared. In programming language s with only two levels of visibility, local ... hidden within them. In most languages, local variables are automatic variable s stored on the call ... the subroutine to modify variables outside its own scope. Variables of local scope are used to avoid issues with side effect computer science side effects that can occur with global variable global variables . Static local variables A special type of localvariable, called a static local, is available ... has Static variable several different meanings in various languages. code local code in Perl Perl has a keyword, code local code , for localizing variables, but in this case, code local code isn t what most people think of as local . ref http perldoc.perl.org functions local.html perldoc.perl.org local ... variable a is modified to a new temporary local meaning inside f , but the global value is restored ... have printed 1 three times since in that case the code a code variable is really local to the scope ... by a sign, like code variable name code , while a localvariable has simply no sign in front ... Global variable Non localvariable References references DEFAULTSORT LocalVariable Category Variable computer programming et Lokaalne muutuja es Variablelocal fr Variable locale is Sta v r breyta ja ..., local variables in each instance of the function are given distinct Memory address addresses . Hence ... languages that employ call by value semantics provide a called subroutine with its own local copy of the function argument arguments passed to it. In most languages, these local parameters are treated the same as other local variables within the subroutine. In contrast, call by reference and call by name ... allocated variable. In all of the above languages, static variables are declared as such with a special ... more details
In programming language theory , a non localvariable is a variable that is not defined in the local scope. While the term can refer to global variables, it is primarily used in the context of nested function nested and anonymous function s where some variables can be neither in the local scope local nor the global scope . Example In the Python 3 example that follows there is a nested function code inner code defined in the scope of another function code outer code . The variable code x code is local to code outer code , but non local to code inner code nor is it global source lang python def outer x 1 def inner nonlocal x x 1 print x return inner source In the Haskell example that follows the variable code c code is non local in the anonymous function code x x c code source lang haskell outer let c 1 in map x x c 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 source Implementation issues Non local variables are the primary reason it is difficult to support nested, anonymous, higher order function higher order and thereby first class function s in a programming language. If the nested function or functions are mutually Recursion computer science recursive , it becomes hard for the compiler to know exactly where on the call stack the non localvariable was allocated, as the frame pointer only points to the localvariable of the nested function itself and there can be an arbitrary number of activation record s on the stack in between. This is generally solved using access link s or display register s. If the nested function is passed as an argument to a higher order function a closure computer science closure needs to be built in order to locate the non local variables. If the nested function is returned as a result from its outer function or stored in a variable the non local variables will no longer be available on the stack. They need to be heap allocated instead, and their lifetime extend beyond the lifetime ... Principles, Techniques, & Tools . Second edition. Category Programming language theory Category Variable ... more details
In quantum mechanics , a local hidden variable theory is one in which distant events are assumed to have no instantaneous or at least faster than light effect on local ones. According to the quantum entanglement ... behaviour of local hidden variable models. When John Stewart Bell John Bell originally derived his inequality ... 1 2 particles. They were conducted instead using photons. The local hidden variable prediction .... The quantum mechanical prediction is the dotted curve. Thus the local hidden variable prediction ... have instantaneous correlations with local ones. As a result of this it is now generally accepted that there can be no interpretations of quantum mechanics which use local hidden variables. The term ... synonymous with the concept of local realism , which can only correctly be applied to classical physics and not to quantum mechanics. Local hidden variables and the Bell tests The principle ... math A math with hidden variable math lambda math by detector math A math , set in direction math ... being detected. In these circumstances it is found that local realist assumptions lead to a straight ... by a real vector, pointing in any direction. It will be the hidden variable in our model. Taking it to be a unit vector, all possible values of the hidden variable are represented by all points ... which their hidden variable falls. Assuming the source to be rotationally invariant to produce all ... light Clauser, 1978 . It is not assumed that every single one is detected. Instead the hidden variable ... outcomes being partly determined by other hidden variables local to the analyser and detector ..., we do need equation 1 to find the local realist prediction for coincidences. It is necessary first ... variable to be polarisation direction parallel on the two sides in real applications, not orthogonal ... of local realist predictions. Time effects Previously some new hypotheses were conjectured concerning ... . This model stays physically non local, though the locality is achieved in mathematical sense ... more details
Wiktionarypar variable wikiversity Variable may refer to Variable research , a logical set of attributes Variable mathematics , a symbol that represents a quantity in an algebraic expression. Variable computer science , a symbolic name associated with a value and whose associated value may be changed Variable star , a type of star as in astronomical object Dependent and independent variables in statistics disambig Category Variables bg ca Variable de Variable el es Variable desambiguaci n eu Aldagai argipena fa fr Variable it Variabile ja pl Zmienna pt Vari vel sk Premenn ckb sr fi Muuttuja ... more details
Infobox television episode Title The Variable Series Lost TV series Lost Image Caption Season 5 Episode ... List of Lost episodes Prev Some Like It Hoth Next Follow the Leader Lost Follow the Leader The Variable ... directly with the concept of time travel . The Variable also features the death of Daniel, portrayed ... abc.go.com primetime lost index?pn recap t 162212&d 191111 title Lost Episode Recaps The Variable publisher ... Lindelof and Carlton Cuse , the show runner s of Lost The Variable was written by Edward Kitsis and Adam .... ref name n&o In The Variable , the viewers would get a few more pieces of the puzzle, Lindelof ..., 2009 work Access Hollywood accessdate 2009 05 04 ref The Variable was the hundredth episode of the show ... in the episode. The Variable was watched live or recorded and watched within five hours of broadcast .... ref cite web url http tv.ign.com articles 978 978209p1.html title Lost The Variable Review last Carabott ... eyes, we decided to forgive him. But The Variable showed us the dynamic at the heart of Daniel s stuttering ... www.pastemagazine.com blogs tv detail 2009 04 lost review the variable episode 514.html title Lost Review The Variable last Dovey first Rachel date April 30, 2009 work Paste accessdate 2009 05 10 ref ... that Lost had been too slow lately, here you go. Those who watched The Variable saw more action ... Review Lost The Variable last Sweeney first Adam date May 1, 2009 publisher Film School Rejects accessdate ... quotTHE VARIABLEquot Page1.html title Thud Review Lost The Variable last Oliver first David date ... lost 514 the variable title LOST 5.14 The Variable last Lackey first Stephen date April 30, 2009 publisher ... cite web url http www.airlockalpha.com node 6311 title Lost The Variable last Compora first Dan ... took care to explain. ref name tvoholic cite web url http tvoholic.com episode reviews lost the variable title Lost The Variable first Fred date April 30, 2009 publisher TVoholic.com accessdate 2009 05 10 ref Jon Lachonis of TVOvermind said that as an internal character piece, The Variable was not so ... more details
In object oriented programming , a member variable sometimes called a member Field computer science field is a variable programming variable that is associated with a specific Class computer science class , and accessible for all its method computer science methods . If there is only one copy of the variable shared with all instances of the class, it is called a class variable or static member variable. If each instance of the class has its own copy of the variable, the variable is called an instance variable . ref cite web accessdate 2011 08 12 author Richard G. Baldwin date 1999 03 10 location http www.dickbaldwin.com publisher Richard G Baldwin Programming Tutorials title Q What is a member variable? quote A member variable is a member of a class class variable or a member of an object instantiated from that class instance variable . It must be declared within a class, but not within the body of a method of the class. url http www.dickbaldwin.com java Java020.htm ref References Reflist 2 See also Global variableLocalvariable Category Object oriented programming Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub ... more details
In computer programming , variable shadowing occurs when a variable declared within a certain scope decision block, method, or inner class has the same name as a variable declared in an outer scope. This outer variable is said to be shadowed. This can lead to confusion, as it may be unclear which variable subsequent uses of the shadowed variable name refer to. One of the first languages to introduce variable shadowing was ALGOL , which first introduced blocks to establish scopes. It was also permitted by many of the derivative programming languages including C and Java programming language Java . The C Sharp programming language C language breaks this tradition, allowing variable shadowing between an inner and an outer class, and between a method and its containing class, but not between an if block and its containing method, or between case statements in a Switch statement switch block. Example The following Java programming language Java code provides an example of variable shadowing. source lang java class VariableShadowing static int x 1 public static void main String args This localvariable shadows the class variable int x 100 This statement prints the localvariable System.out.println Localvariable x x 100 This statement prints the shadowed variable System.out.println Class variable x VariableShadowing.x 1 source See also Overloading Type polymorphism Category Variable computer programming ... more details
. Localvariable Static local variables Static local variables variables declared as code static code inside a function are statically allocated while having the same scope as automatic variable automatic local variables . Hence whatever values the function puts into its static local variables during ...In computer programming , a static variable is a variable programming variable that has been static memory allocation allocated statically whose object lifetime lifetime extends across the entire run of the program. This is in contrast to the more ephemeral automatic variable s local variables , whose storage is allocated and deallocated on the call stack and in contrast to objects whose storage is dynamic memory allocation dynamically allocated . In many programming languages, such as Pascal programming language Pascal , all localvariable s are automatic variable automatic and all global variable s are allocated statically. In these languages, the term static variable is generally not used, since local and global suffice to cover all the possibilities. Static variables are global, and in languages ... extern code , code auto code and code register code which are also reserved words . Every variable ... unit only code auto code , code register code automatic variable function call none In these languages, the term static variable has two meanings which are easy to confuse Language independent A variable with the same lifetime as the program, as described above or C family specific A variable ... but not the second. As well as specifying static lifetime, declaring a variable as code static ... variables declared as code static code inside class definitions are class variable s shared between all class instances, as opposed to instance variable s . See also Thread local storage Variable programming , especially Variable programming Scope and extent Scope and extent References The C ... ISBN 0 201 70073 5 Category Memory management Category Variable computer programming es Variable est tica ... more details
In the C programming language, an external variable is a variable defined outside any function block. On the other hand, a local automatic variable is a variable defined inside a function block. quote ... variable may also be declared inside a function. In this case the code extern code keyword must be used, otherwise the compiler will consider it a definition of a localvariable, which has a different ... calls. The variable is still local, since it can only be accessed by name inside the function that defined ... computer science Declaration Global variableLocalvariable Static variable Scope programming Scope ... defining and declaring a variable. When a variable is defined , the compiler allocates memory for that variable and possibly also initializes its contents to some value. When a variable is declared , the compiler requires that the variable be defined elsewhere. The declaration informs the compiler that a variable by that name and type exists, but the compiler need not allocate memory for it since ... words, it is a way to explicitly declare a variable, or to force a declaration without a definition. It is also possible to explicitly define a variable, i.e. to force a definition. It is done by assigning an initialization value to a variable. If neither the code extern code keyword nor an initialization ... to analyse the modules of the program and decide. A variable must be defined once in one ... in the linking stage. A variable may be declared many times, as long as the declarations are consistent ... to be defined inside a function. quote An external variable must be defined, exactly once, outside of any function this sets aside storage for it. The variable must also be declared in each function that wants to access it this states the type of the variable. The declaration may be an explicit ... refers to the place where the variable is created or assigned storage declaration refers to places where the nature of the variable is stated but no storage is allocated. The C Programming Language ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer programming , a temporary variable is a variable programming variable whose purpose is short lived, usually to hold temporary data that will soon be discarded, or before it can be placed at a more permanent Memory computers memory location. Because it is short lived, it is usually declared with local Scope programming scope . There is no formal definition of what makes a variable temporary , but it is an often used term in programming. A typical example would be that of swap computer science swapping the contents of two variables. To swap the contents of variables a and b one would typically use a temporary variable temp as follows, so as to preserve the data from a as it is being overwritten by b temp a a b b temp Temporary variables are Naming conventions programming usually named with identifier s that abbreviation abbreviate the word temporary , such as temp , tmp or simply t , or with common metasyntactic variable names, the most common of which are foo , bar , baz see also foobar . The letters i , j , k and so on are also frequently used for Array data structure indices , a tradition stemming from early Fortran and mathematics. See also Temporary folder Temporary file Temporary filesystem DEFAULTSORT Temporary Variable Category Variable computer programming pt Vari vel tempor ria computa o ru ... more details
Singleton pattern Localvariable Non localvariable References references Category Variable computer ... variable is a variable that is accessible in every scope programming scope unless Variable ... also global state mechanisms. The global environment paradigm is contrasted with the local environment paradigm, where all variables are subprogram Local variables, recursion and re entrancy local with no shared ... considered bad practice precisely because of their non locality a global variable can potentially ... only , and any part of the program may depend on it. ref William Wulf and Mary Shaw, Global Variable ... variable therefore has an unlimited potential for creating mutual dependencies, and adding mutual ... file, such variables effectively have global scope. On the other hand, a variable that is required ..., making the code errno code variable accessible to all modules in a project. Where this global access ... a variable to file scope, and will cause attempts to import it with code extern code to raise ... of a global variable in C programming language C intro comment is wrong? and how about use of the static ... is correct. global does not qualify as a global variable as it is not in scope everywhere . include stdio.h int myGlobal 3 This is the external variable. static void ChangeMyGlobal void myGlobal 5 Reference to external variable in a function. int main void printf d n , myGlobal Reference to external variable in another function. ChangeMyGlobal printf d n , myGlobal return 0 source As the variable ... the value of the variable at any time, understanding the use of the variable may entail understanding ... in other modules. They can lead to problems of naming because a global variable makes a name dangerous to use for any other local or object scope variable. A localvariable of the same name can shield the global variable from access, again leading to harder to understand code. The setting of a global variable can create side effects that are hard to understand and predict. The use of globals make ... more details
compiler will not allow the usage of a not explicitly initialized localvariable and will give ... demands that every localvariable must be explicitly initialized before being used. ref cite ... publisher accessdate 2008 10 17 ref Perl also has a code Localvariablelocal code operator ...NOTOC In computer programming , an automatic variable is a scope programming lexically scoped Variable programming variable which is allocated and deallocated automatically when program flow enters and leaves the variable s scope programming scope . The term localvariable is usually synonymous with automatic variable, since these are the same thing in many programming languages. Automatic variables may be Stack based memory allocation allocated in the stack frame of the procedure in which they are declared this has the useful effect of allowing recursion and reentrant subroutine re entrancy . For efficiency, the compiler optimization optimizer will try to allocate some of these variables in processor ... inference inferred . ref An uninitialized automatic variable has an undefined behavior undefined ... instead of code auto code is a hint to the compiler to cache the variable in a processor register. Other than not allowing the referencing operator code & code to be used on the variable or any of its ... closing files or freeing up memory. See RAII . Java programming language Java Called local variables .... In Perl, local variables are declared using the code my code operator. Uninitialized scalars will have ... Temporary Values via local 28 29 title Temporary values via local perlsub perldoc.perl.org publisher ... scoped to the enclosing block. When the scope of the variable is left, the old value is restored. See also C syntax Storage duration specifiers Variable length array C99 new feature Notes reflist group note References references DEFAULTSORT Automatic Variable Category Memory management Category Variable computer programming compu prog stub es Asignaci n autom tica de memoria it Allocazione ... more details
The term dummy variable can refer to either of the following Bound variable &ndash in mathematics and computer science, a placeholder variable Dummy variable statistics &ndash an indicator variable. disambig ... more details
Wiktionarypar localLocal usually refers to something nearby, or in the immediate area. It may be used in many ways, some of which are related to this general meaning, others which are not Local, local anesthesia Local, a.k.a. union local or local union Local, stamp issued by a local post mail system It would seem logical for some collectors to collect locals in this sense, but if so, our Local post article makes no mention, so as far as articles are concerned local is just what the dictionary says about the general purpose adjective Local, a.k.a. public house Local comic Local comic In computing Localvariable in programming languages .local , network address component In a community Local community Local government Local history Local purchasing See also Local structures, according to terms of locality in astronomy Local food Local property , in mathematics Local ring , in mathematics Local theories, re physics principle of locality Local H , band Inflections of word local Localism disambiguation Locality disambiguation Localization disambiguation Locus disambiguation Locale lookfrom local intitle local disambig de Lokal es Local fr Local sk Lok l ... more details
localvariable or method x for main Object from irb 1 code VBScript WSH 5.6 source lang vb Dim ...Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An undefined variable in the source code of a computer program is a variable programming variable that is accessed in the code but has not been previously Declaration computer science declared by that code. In some programming languages an implicit declaration is provided the first time such a variable is encountered at compile time . In other languages such a usage is considered to be sufficiently serious that a diagnostic being issued and the compilation fails. Some language definitions initially used the implicit declaration behavior and as they matured provided an option to disable it e.g. Perl s code use strict code or Visual Basic s code Option Explicit code . Examples The following provides some examples of how various programming language implementations respond to undefined variables. Each code snippet is followed by an error message if any . CLISP GNU CLISP 2.35 source lang lisp setf y x source code EVAL variable X has no value code C programming language C GNU GCC 3.4 source lang c int main int y x return 0 source code foo.c In function main foo.c 2 error x undeclared first use in this function foo.c 2 error Each undeclared identifier is reported only once foo.c 2 error for each function it appears in. code JavaScript Mozilla Firefox 1.0 source lang javascript y x source code Error x is not defined Source File file c temp foo.js code Standard ML ML Standard ML of New Jersey v110.55 code val y x code code stdIn 1.9 Error unbound variable or constructor x code MUMPS code Set Y X code code UNDEF code OCaml 3.08 source lang ocaml let y x source code Unbound value x code Perl 5.8 source lang perl my y x source code no error ... variable x in foo.php on line 3 code Python programming language Python 2.4 source lang python ... VBScript runtime error Variable is undefined x code DEFAULTSORT Undefined Variable Category Variable ... more details
as random variables. More recently, nuisance variable has been used in the same context. ref Irving ... 0471385131 ref Nuisance variable has been used in the context of statistical surveys to refer information ... Sanderman, Jim C. Coyne, Adelita V. Ranchor 2006 Age Nuisance variable to be eliminated with statistical ... of interest. The term nuisance variable is sometimes also used in more general contexts ... Category Stochastic processes Category Latent variable models Category Statistical terminology ca Variable destorb es Variable estorbo ... more details
the operating environment in which a process runs. For example, an environment variable with a standard ... variable by standard name can be sure that it is storing temporary information in a directory ... systems, each process has its own separate set of environment Variable programming variable s. By default ... command invocation by indirectly invoking it via tt env tt or using the tt ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE ... have environment variables however, they do not all use the same variable names. A running program ... variables include Path variable PATH lists directories the Shell computing shell searches, for the commands ... used for this. In Unix, an environment variable that is changed in a script or compiled program ... processes will not be affected. In MS DOS, changing or removing a variable s value inside a BATCH file will change the variable for the duration of command.com s existence. In Unix, the environment ... for the command shell they are using. In Microsoft Windows, each environment variable s default ... referenced by putting special symbols in front of or around the variable name. For instance, to display ... be used to print a single variable by giving that variable name as the sole argument to the command ... VARIABLE value for Bourne shell Bourne , Bash Unix shell bash , and related shells setenv VARIABLE ... principles govern how environment variables BY INSTALLING, achieve their effect. Local to process Environment variables are local to the process in which they were set. That means if we open two terminal windows Two different processes running shell and change value of environment variable in one window ... all environment variables along with their values. To set a variable to a particular value, use source lang dos set VARIABLE value source However, this is temporary. Permanent change to the environment variable can be achieved through editing the registry not recommended for novices and using ... Control Session Manager Environment for System variables . To set a variable whose name is in another ... more details
For the novel by Robert A. Heinlein and Spider Robinson Variable Star Image V838 Monocerotis expansion.jpg 300px right thumb Images showing the expansion of the light echo of a red variable star, the V838 Monocerotis A star is classified as variable if its apparent magnitude as seen from Earth changes ... to classify variable stars as belonging to one of two types Intrinsic variables, whose luminosity ... The first variable star was identified in 1638 when Johannes Phocylides Holwarda Johannes Holwarda ... ancient philosophers had taught. In this way, the discovery of variable stars contributed to the astronomical revolution of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The second variable star to be described was the eclipsing variable Algol , by Geminiano Montanari in 1669 John Goodricke ... Kirch G. Kirch , then R Hydrae in 1704 by Giovanni Domenico Maraldi G. D. Maraldi . By 1786 ten variable ... the number of known variable stars has increased rapidly, especially after 1890 when it became possible to identify variable stars by means of photography. The latest edition of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars ref http www.sai.msu.su gcvs gcvs iii html ref 2008 lists more than 46,000 variable ... data with observed spectral changes, astronomers are often able to explain why a particular star is variable. Variable star observations Variable stars are generally analysed using photometry astronomy ... amplitude can be very well established for many variable stars, though, these quantities may vary ... scientific study of variable stars by visually comparing the star with other stars within the same telescope telescopic field of view of which the magnitudes are known and constant. By estimating the variable ... Association of Variable Star Observers collects such observations from participants around ... light curves with spectral data often gives a clue as to the changes that occur in a variable ... moves to and from us, in the same tempo as its brightness varies. About two thirds of all variable ... more details
PATH is an environment variable on Unix like operating system s, DOS , OS 2 , and Microsoft Windows , specifying a set of Directory file systems directories where executable programs are located. In general, each executing process computing process or login session user session has its own PATH setting. Unix and Unix like On POSIX and Unix like operating systems, the code PATH code variable is specified as a list of one or more directory names separated by colon code code characters. ref http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 basedefs xbd chap08.html tag 08 03 Open Group Unix Specification, Environment Variables ref ref http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 functions execve.html Open Group Unix Specification, execve function ref The code bin code , code usr bin code , and code usr local bin code directories are typically included in most users path setting although this varies from implementation to implementation . The current directory code . code is sometimes included as well, allowing programs residing in the current working directory to be executed directly. Superuser root accounts as a rule do not include it in the path, however, in order to prevent the accidental execution of scripts residing in the current directory. Executing such a program requires the deliberate use of a directory prefix code . code on the command name. When a command name is specified by the user or an exec operating system exec call is made from a program, the system searches the path, examining each directory from left to right in the list, looking for a filename that matches the command ... PATH code variable is specified as a list of one or more directory names separated by semicolon code ... to run it. The PATH variable makes it easy to run commonly used programs located in their own folders. If used unwisely, however, the value of the PATH variable can slow down the operating system ... 2008 DEFAULTSORT Path Variable Category Computer file systems Category Variable computer programming ... more details
In statistics and social sciences , an antecedent variable is a Variable mathematics variable that can help to explain the apparent relationship or part of the relationship between other variables that are nominally in a Causality cause and effect relationship. In a regression analysis , an antecedent variable would be one that influences both the independent variable and the dependent variable . See also Path analysis statistics Latent variable Intervening variable References Olobatuyi M.E. 2006 A user s guide to path analysis , University Press of America. ISBN 0761832300 Chapter 2 Category Statistical terminology Category Regression analysis Category Statistical dependence Category Design of experiments stats stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In computer programming a singleton variable is a variable programming variable that is referred to only once. Examples of where a variable might only be referenced once is as a dummy argument in a function call , or when its address is assigned to another variable which subsequently accesses its allocated storage. Singleton variables sometimes occur because a mistake has been made such as assigning a value to a variable and forgetting to use it later, or mistyping one instance of the variable name. Some compiler s and Lint programming tool lint like tools flag occurrences of singleton variables. See also Singleton pattern Category Variable computer programming ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 orphan date November 2009 An unreferenced variable in the source code of a computer program is a Variable programming variable that is defined but which is never used. This may result in a harmless waste of memory unless the compiler used detects the situation and does not allocate storage for the variable, perhaps also issuing a warning . Some coding style coding guideline documents consider an unreferenced variable to be a symptom of a potential coding fault. Examples C programming language C source lang c int main void int i, j for i 0 i 10 i printf d , i return 0 source In this example, j is an unreferenced variable. DEFAULTSORT Unreferenced Variable Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 In computing , an uninitialized variable is a Variable programming variable that is declared but is not set to a definite known value before it is used. It will have some value, but not a predictable one. As such, it is a programming error and a common source of computer bug bug s in software. A common assumption made by novice programmers is that all variables are set to a known value, such as zero, when they are declared. While this is true for many languages, it is not true for all of them, and so the potential for error is there. Languages such as C programming language C use stack data structure stack space for variables, and the collection of variables allocated for a subroutine is known as a stack frame . While the computer will set aside the appropriate amount of space for the stack frame, it usually does so simply by adjusting the value of the stack data structure stack pointer computer programming pointer , and does not set the computer storage memory itself to any new state typically out of efficiency concerns . Therefore, whatever contents of that memory at the time will appear as initial values of the variables which occupy those addresses. Here s a simple example in C source lang c void count void int k, i for i 0 i 10 i k k 1 printf d , k source What is the final value of code k code ? The fact is, it is impossible to tell. The answer that it must be 10 assumes that it started at zero, which may or may not be true. Note that in the example, the variable code i code is initialized to zero by the first clause of the code for code statement ... Initial Values of Variables publisher Sun Microsystems accessdate 2008 10 18 ref Local variables ... language Python initializes local variables to code NULL code distinct from code None code and raises an code UnboundLocalError code when such a variable is accessed before being re initialized ... errors . References references Category Software bugs Category Variable computer programming ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Cleanup rewrite date February 2010 In object oriented programming with Class computer science class es, an instance variable is a variable programming variable defined in a class i.e. a member variable , for which each Object computer science object of the class has a separate copy. They live in memory for the life of the object. An instance variable contrasts with a class variable , and it is a special type of instance member . An example C or Java declaration of an instance variable is br private double length Technically speaking, instance variables are objects stored in individual states in non static fields , that is, fields declared without the static keyword. Non static fields are also known as instance variables because their values are unique to each instance of a class to each object, in other words the code currentSpeed code of one bicycle is independent from the code currentSpeed code of another. A simpler definition is that instance variables are things an object knows about itself. A typical declaration in Objective C would look like interface CustomClassName NSObject NSString ivar DEFAULTSORT Instance Variable Category Object oriented programming Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub es Variable de instancia fr Variable d instance it Variabile di istanza ja ... more details
Variable skink may denote either of two different skink s Eumeces multivirgatus epipleurotus , the southern subspecies of the Many lined Skink from North America Trachylepis varia , the Variable Mabuya from Africa dab ... more details
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