Infobox language name R union Creole nativename Kreol R yon states Flag R union speakers 600,000 ref Ethnologue rcf ref familycolor Creole fam1 French based creole languages French Creole fam2 Bourbonnais Creole s iso3 rcf lingua 51 AAC cf R union Creole or Reunionese Creole En , or Cr ole R unionnais in French in R union Creole Kr ol R yon is a creole language spoken on R union . It is derived mainly from French language French and a few terms from other languages Malagasy language Malagasy , Hindi , Portuguese language Portuguese , Gujarati language Gujurati and Tamil language Tamil . ref name chaudenson cite book last Chaudenson first Robert authorlink coauthors title Le lexique du parler cr ole de La R union publisher date 1974 location Paris pages url doi id isbn ref In the recent years, some groups have tried to come up with a spelling dictionary and grammar rules but there is still no official version. Partly because of the lack of an official orthography but also because schools are taught in French, R union Creole is rarely written. Notably, two Asterix translations into it have been published. ref http www.asterix obelix.nl manylanguages languages.php?lng gcre ref History It is within the first fifty years of Reunion being inhabited that Reunionese Creole first formed. ref name chaudenson Most of the people living in Reunion were either French, Malagasy or Indo Portuguese . ref name chaudenson Most families at this time had at least one first language French speaker. ref name holm Holm, John. Pidgins and Creoles. Volume II Reference Survey . Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1989. ref It is now the native language of 90 of the island s population. ref http www.insee.fr fr themes document.asp?reg id 24&ref id 16941 ref References reflist Bibliography Gunet ... de sucre, ISBN 978 2 9529135 0 8 languages derived from French DEFAULTSORT Reunion Creole Category ... kreolski francuski it Creolo della Riunione ja pms Lenga R union creole french pl J zyk ... more details
Infobox language name Oorlans states South Africa speakers 200,000 familycolor Creole fam1 Afrikaans Creole language creole ? iso3 oor Oorlams also Oorlands , Oorlans is a dialect of Afrikaans spoken in the Republic of South Africa and Namibia , by the Oorlam people . It is considered an Afrikaans based creole language by some observers, whereas most Oorlammers themselves Who date February 2008 would describe their language as being a dialect of Afrikaans proper. Oorlams has many elements from Khoi languages. See also Afrikaans Northern Cape dialect Afrikaans Western Cape dialect Afrikaans Eastern Cape dialect External links http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code oor Ethnologue report on Oorlams Category Dutch based pidgins and creoles pidgincreole lang stub af Oorlams eo Oorlansa lingvo it Oorlans nl Oorlangs no Oorlams pl Oorlans pt L ngua oorlans ... more details
social status her family is not far removed from slavery. In the LouisianaCreolepeopleCreole ... of young girls who adore dancing and die of a broken heart. The ballet is also set in Louisiana .... Gaiser, Carrie. Caught Dancing Hybridity, Stability, and Subversion in Dance Theatre of Harlem s Creole Giselle . Theatre Journal, 58 2 , 269 289, 392, 2001. Grimm, Thomas. Dance Theatre of Harlem Creole ... more details
more footnotes date December 2011 Incubator code mfe Infobox language name Mauritian Creole nativename ... date 2008 familycolor Creole fam1 French based creole languages French Creole fam2 Bourbonnais Creole s iso3 mfe lingua 51 AAC cec to 51 AAC cee Mauritian Creole called Kreol Morisien in creole is a French based creole language spoken in Mauritius . In addition to the French language French base of the language ... languages that have been spoken on the island. Sociolinguistic Situation Mauritian Creole is the lingua ... language, although French is more widely spoken. Mauritians tend to speak Creole at home and French in the workplace. Creole is a French based language. French and English are spoken in schools. However, although a large percentage of Mauritians are of Indian descent, they primarily speak Creole, which ... and Chinese descent helped build the creole languages together centuries ago, when Mauritius was the merging ... and history. Classification Mauritian Creole is a French based creole language , closely related to Seychellois Creole , Rodriguan Creole and Chagossian Creole . The language s relationship to other French based creole languages besides these is controversial. Robert Chaudenson has argued that Mauritian Creole is closely related to R union Creole , while R. A. Papen, Philip Baker, and Chris Corne ... people Portuguese were the first Ethnic groups in Europe Europeans to visit Mauritius, they did not settle there. The small Portuguese element in the vocabulary of Mauritian creole derives ..., while the Dutch people Dutch had a colony on Mauritius between 1638 and 1710, all the Dutch ... no discernible impact on Mauritian Creole. The French then claimed Mauritius and first settled it between ... documents from as early as 1773 already speak of the creole language that the slaves spoke. The British people British took over Mauritius during the Napoleonic era , but few English speakers ever settled there and by then Mauritian Creole was firmly entrenched. The abolition of slavery in the 1830s ... more details
Infobox language name Agalega Creole nativename Kreol states Agalega Islands speakers 1,000 familycolor Creole fam1 French based creole languages French Creole fam2 Bourbonnais Creole s iso3 none Agalega Creole is a French based creole languages French based creole language spoken in Agalega Islands Agalega . It has been heavily influenced by both Mauritian Creole and Seychellois Creole , as well as Malagasy language Malagasy . The total population of speakers number just under 1,000. Category French based pidgins and creoles de Agalega Kreolisch ... more details
Infobox language name Vincentian Creole states Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent speakers around 100 000 familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern iso3 svc lingua 52 ABB aq Vincentian Creole is an English lexified creole language spoken in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines . ref name ethnologue http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code svc ref ref name joshua http www.joshuaproject.net languages.php?rol3 svc ref The number of speakers of Vincentian Creole is about 100 000. ref name ethnologue ref name joshua Vincentian Creole does not have the status of an official language. See also Antiguan Creole Belizean Creole Jamaican Patois Bajan Creole Bermudian English Trinidadian Creole Antillean Creole References Reflist Anglophone Caribbean Creoles Category Languages of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Category English based pidgins and creoles Category Languages of the Caribbean Pidgincreole lang stub SaintVincent stub sh Vincentski kreolski jezik ... more details
Infobox language name Trinidadian Creole states Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad speakers 9,600 Dubious date February 2012 date 2004 ref e16 familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern iso3 trf lingua http www.linguasphere.info ?page inner&id inner 1018460 52 ABB au notice IPA Trinidadian Creole is a Creole language generally spoken language in Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad . It is distinct from Tobagonian Creole , particularly at the basilectal level, ref Harvcoltxt Youssef James 2004 pp 508, 514 ref and from other Lesser Antilles Lesser Antillean English creoles. Like other Caribbean Creoles, has a primarily English derived vocabulary, though the island formerly had a creole with a largely French language French lexicon until the nineteenth century saw its replacement by influence from the British. ref Harvcoltxt Youssef James 2004 pp 510 511 ref Other languages on the Island, such as Bhojpuri language Bhojpuri which acted as a lingua franca amongst Indian immigrants , Spanish language Spanish , and Chinese language Chinese and a number of African languages ref Harvcoltxt Youssef James 2004 p 511 ref have also influenced ... can be made about the speech of Trinidad Like a number of related creoles, Trinidadian Creole is rhotic ... Minderhout 1977 pp 168 169 ref feature post creole speech continuum creole continua between more conservative creole forms and forms much closer to Trinidadian English with the former being more common ... having both East Indian and African parentage. ref name tobagowi maco someone who gets into other people ... also Trinidadian English Tobagonian Creole Notes reflist References citation last Amastae first Jon year 1979 title Dominican English Creole phonology An initial sketch journal Anthropological Linguistics ... 41 66 citation last Winford first Donald year 1985 title The concept of diglossia in Caribbean creole ..., not an Incorrect, Way of Speaking, Pt 1 Winer, Lise 2009, Dictionary of the English Creole of Trinidad ... more details
is based on British English . Guyanese people speak English Guyanese Creole while learning the English ...Distinguish French Guiana Creole Refimprove date June 2009 Infobox language name Guyanese Creole states Guyana br Overseas communities br Guyanese British br Guyanese Canadians br Guyanese American s speakers 700,000 date no date familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern notice IPA iso3 gyn lingua 52 ABB av Guyanese Creole Creolese by its speakers or simply Guyanese is an English based creole language spoken by people in Guyana . Guyanese is an English lexified language with influences from Dutch, West African Languages, Arawakan and Carib languages, and to a lesser extent Indian languages. It is related to Paramaccan and Aluku . There are many sub dialects of Guyanese Creole based on geographical location, urban rural divide and race of the speakers. For example, along the Rupununi River where the population is largely Amerindian, a distinct form of Guyanese Creole exists. The Georgetown capital city urban area has a distinct accent while within a forty five minutes drive away from this area the dialect accent changes again, especially if following the coast where rural villages are located. As with other Caribbean languages, words and phrases are very elastic, and new ones can be made up, changed or evolve within a short time period. They can also be used within a very small group, until picked up by a larger community. Different ethnic groups of the country are also known to alter or include words from their own backgrounds. A socially stratified post creole speech continuum creole speech continuum also ... from the standard forms. Grammar It is common in Guyanese Creole to repeat adjectives for emphasis ... Derek Bickerton year 1973 title The nature of a creole continuum journal Language volume 49 issue ... The ordering of auxiliary notions in Guyanese Creole journal Language issue 3 pages 571 586 citation ... more details
Col n Creole is a language spoken in Panama . Col n Creole is similar to varieties such as Lim n Coastal Creole , Miskito Coastal Creole M skito Coastal Creole , and Belizean Kriol language Belizean Creole Kriol . The number of speakers of Col n Creole is below 300,000 http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name Panama . Col n Creole does not have the status of an official language. See also Bajan Creole Bermudian English Jamaican English Anglophone Caribbean Creoles Category English based pidgins and creoles Category Languages of Panama pidgincreole lang stub ... more details
Infobox language name Chagossian Creole nativename Kreol Ilois states Mauritius , Seychelles speakers 3,000 familycolor Creole fam1 French based creole languages French Creole fam2 Bourbonnais Creole s fam3 Seychellois Creole Seychellois ? iso3 Chagossian Creole also Kreol Ilois or just Ilois is a French based creole languages French based Creole spoken by the 3,000 or so Ilois Chagossians , the former inhabitants of the Chagos Archipelago . It is currently spoken mainly in Mauritius and the Seychelles . There is also a small minority community speaking the language in the United Kingdom . Category French based pidgins and creoles Category Culture of the British Indian Ocean Territory lang stub BritishIndianOcean stub de Tschagos Kreolisch fr Chagossien ko ... more details
Infobox language name Montserrat Creole states Montserrat speakers 7,570 in Montserrat date 2001 ref ref ethnologue aig ref speakers2 many left after the eruption of Soufriere in 1995 familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern fam5 Northern Antilles fam6 Leeward Caribbean Creole English iso3 notice IPA Montserrat Creole is a dialect of Leeward Caribbean Creole English spoken in Montserrat. The number of speakers of Montserrat Creole is below 10,000. Montserrat Creole does not have the status of an official language. See also Bajan Creole Bermudian English Jamaican English Saint Kitts Creole References Reflist Anglophone Caribbean Creoles Category Montserratian society Category English based pidgins and creoles Category Languages of the Caribbean Montserrat stub Pidgincreole lang stub ... more details
Infobox language name Anguillan Creole states Anguilla speakers 11,500 date 2001 ref ref ethnologue aig ref familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern fam5 Northern Antilles fam6 Leeward Caribbean Creole English iso3 notice IPA Anguillan Creole is a dialect of Leeward Caribbean Creole English spoken in Anguilla , an island and British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean . Although classified as a dialect of Leeward Caribbean Creole English spoken in Saint Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Montserrat, it is also similar to the British Virgin Islands and Saint Martin varieties of Virgin Islands Creole . The number of speakers of Anguillan Creole is below 10,000. Anguillan Creole does not have the status of an official language. References Reflist Anglophone Caribbean Creoles Category Anguillan society Category English based pidgins and creoles Category Languages of the Caribbean Pidgincreole lang stub Anguilla stub lt Angilijos kreol kalba ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Creole Renaissance is a movement which established Creole language Creole as legitimate literary language, started in large part by authors like Felix Morisseau Leroy , who struggled successfully to make Haitian Creole language Haitian Kreyol the literary, educational, and official language of Haiti . This grew, in part, out of the Negritude and Haitian Indigenism movements and the Harlem Renaissance . http www.leftcurve.org LC23webPages memoriam.html Creole Renaissance memorium culture stub Category History of Haiti ... more details
Infobox language name Rodriguan Creole nativename Kreol Rodriguais states Flag Rodrigues speakers 40,000 familycolor Creole fam1 French based creole languages French Creole fam2 Bourbonnais Creole s fam3 Mauritian Creole iso3 mfe lingua 51 AAC ced Rodriguan Creole is a dialect of Mauritian Creole spoken on the island of Rodrigues island Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean ref Ethnologue mfe ref . The total number of speakers is estimated at 40,000 Citation needed date June 2011 . On the island of Rodrigues, like in the rest of the republic of Mauritius , English is the official language and French is also spoken. File Rodrigues CreoleWarning.jpg left thumb Public warning in the Rodriguan variety of Mauritian Creole in Port Mathurin pas zet salte ici don t throw any litter here References reflist languages derived from French Pidgincreole lang stub Category Rodrigues Category Languages of Mauritius Category French based pidgins and creoles de Rodriguais fr Cr ole rodriguais is Rodrig ska ce Rodrigehoyn mott ... more details
File Bok Tower door.JPG right thumb 250 pix The portal to the Bok Tower Gardens Bok Tower shows blue and white Creole marble as well as the pink Etowah marble File Blue and white Creole marble.jpg right thumb 250 pix Creole marble sample Creole marble , also called Georgia creole or Georgia marble is a marble from quarries in Pickens County, Georgia . ref cite web url http cameo.mfa.org materials record.asp?key 2170&subkey 2672&MaterialName Marble&Description &Composition &CAS &MohsHardness &MeltingPoint &MolecularWeight &Density &RefrIndex &BoilingPoint &OtherProperties &Safety &Authority &Reference &ImageName &ImageCaption &Search Search&search start 21&page 2 title Material Name Creole marble publisher Museum of Fine Arts, Boston accessdate January 17, 2011 ref It is coarse grained, displays a white or gray background while veins or clouds are black or dark blue. Based on the tone and coloring it sold as Light Creole, Medium Creole, and Dark Creole. Creole marble has been used extensively in buildings and monuments in the United States. Notable buildings with Creole marble United States Capitol , Washington, DC Bok Tower Gardens Carillon, Boks Tower Gardens , Florida References references See also Georgia Marble Company Etowah marble List of types of marble DEFAULTSORT Creole Marble Category Marble Category Pickens County, Georgia ... more details
Creole Football f tbol criollo was the name given to the Football soccer football played by the indigenous people of Latin America, shortly after the introduction of the game by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British . History The game was introduced to Latin America in the late 19th century by British immigrants. In Argentina many of these immigrants had arrived to work on the construction of the Argentine Railway network. This British heritage is reflected in the names of many Argentine clubs including Alumni Athletic Club , Newell s Old Boys , Club Atl tico River Plate River Plate and Boca Juniors . The British clubs had a policy of exclusion towards the local Creole peoples creole population. This led to a backlash against Quilmes Atl tico Club Quilmes Athletic Club resulting in the formation of Club Atl tico Argentino de Quilmes Argentino de Quilmes , the first exclusively Argentine club to compete in the Argentine leagues. The phrase gradually lost its significance as the British domination of the game receded due to the rising popularity of the game amongst the locals and the influx of football playing Italian immigrants. In recent years the vast majority of players in the Argentine leagues have been at least 2nd or 3rd generation Argentines or players from other South American countries such as Uruguay , Paraguay and Colombia . Style The Creole style of football was described as being free moving and more artistic. Jennifer C. Pratt who wrote on the subject of Creole football made the following comparison One of the most apparent differences between British and local players were their playing styles. The English values of gentlemanly behaviour dominated ... 2007 11 24 ref Eduardo Galeano described another aspect of the Creole style of play. The purpose of the style was to dazzle and awe . The Creole Player had to be well versed in his own footballing ... of maintaining possession of the ball in order to protect a lead, but in the infant years of creole ... more details
Infobox language name Grenadian Creole states Grenada speakers 89,227 ref name autogenerated1 http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code gcl Ethnologue report for language code gcl Bot generated title ref familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern iso3 gcl lingua 52 ABB as Grenadian Creole, is a term that may refer to either Grenadian Creole English or Grenadian Creole French . Grenadian Creole English, is a Creole language spoken in Grenada . It is a member of the Southern branch of English based Eastern Atlantic Creoles, along with Antiguan Creole Antigua and Barbuda , Bajan Creole Barbados , Guyanese Creole Guyana , Tobagonian Creole , Trinidadian Creole Trinidad and Tobago , Vincentian Creole Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , and Virgin Islands Creole Virgin Islands . ref http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90706 Ethnologue report for Southern Bot generated title ref It is the native language of nearly all inhabitants of Grenada, or approximately 89,000 native speakers. ref name autogenerated1 The older Grenadian Creole French . is considered to be the same language as Antillean Creole Saint Lucian French Creole . ref http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code acf Ethnologue report for language code acf Bot generated title ref In Grenada, and among Grenadians, it is referred to as Patois without any qualification of the term, or, alternatively, as French Patois. This French Patois , was once the lingua franka in Grenada, and could still be commonly heard as recently as 80 years ago. Then, even children in some rural areas could speak it. By the mid Twentieth Century, mainly seniors, in some ... loanword s in Grenadian Creole. ref http www.grenada history.org french.htm French Creole in Grenada Bot generated title ref See also Bajan Creole Bermudian English Jamaican Creole Trinidadian Creole Virgin Islands Creole References reflist External links http www.bigdrumnation.org dictionary link.htm ... more details
Brava Creole is the name given to the variant of Cape Verdean Creole spoken mainly in the Brava, Cape Verde Brava Island of Cape Verde . It belongs to the Sotavento Creoles branch. The speakers of this form of Capeverdean Creole are 8,000 Fact date April 2007 . One of the least spoken being seventh place and one of the firsts to have written literature, in which Eug nio Tavares wrote some of his poems. Characteristics Besides the main characteristics of Sotavento Creoles the Brava Creole has also the following ones The progressive aspect of the present is formed by putting st before the verbs st V . The sound that originates from Portuguese IPA w written o is IPA rather than IPA . For example, cora IPA ko s , not cora IPA ko s heart m IPA m , not m IPA m hand raz IPA z , not raz IPA z reason . Vocabulary main Cape Verdean Creole Vocabulary Grammar main Cape Verdean Creole Grammar Phonology main Cape Verdean Creole Phonology Alphabet main Cape Verdean Creole Writing system External links http www.bcv.cv conteudo dinheiro nota 1999 2000.htm A short poem in Brava Crioulo on a Cape Verde banknote. References Main Cape Verdean Creole References Cape Verdean Creole Category Brava, Cape Verde pt Crioulo da Brava ... more details
Wikify date October 2011 Ermita o was a unique Clarify date March 2009 and now extinct language extinct creole language creole spoken by a specific group of people living in the Ermita, Manila Ermita district of Manila . Description The language was derived from the combination of Tagalog language Tagalog and Spanish language in the Philippines Spanish which mirrors the development of the Chavacano language , itself a combination of Visayan languages and Spanish. These languages are, however, mutual intelligibility mutually unintelligible , meaning a Chavacano meeting an Ermita o with each speaking their native tongue will not understand each other. History In the late 80s and early 90s there were only two living native speakers of Ermita o left in Manila a grandmother and her teenage grandson. http web.kssp.upd.edu.ph linguistics index.html Linguistics students from the University of the Philippines have had the chance to interview and make notes of the dying language. External links http www.ethnologue.com 14 show iso639.asp?code spa Ethnologue Report 14th Edition http linguistlist.org forms langs LLDescription.cfm?code cbk The Linguist List Category Extinct languages of Asia Category Languages of the Philippines pidgincreole lang stub es Idioma ermita o ... more details
, Vol. 8, No. 4 Oct., 2003 , pp. 598 617. ref Kriol was historically spoken by the Belizean Kriol people Kriol s, a population of mainly African and British ancestry. However, most Belizean Garifuna people ... franca of Belize is Kriol. Belizean Kriol is a creole language deriving mainly from English. Its ..., but the so called M skito Coast Creole which developed into the Belizean Kriol over the years. Jamaica ... of decreolization is going on. As such, a Post creole speech continuum creole continuum exists ... is based on British English . Belizean people speak English Belizean Kriol and oftentimes, Spanish ... Report p. 84 notes Creole is spoken as the first language in most homes. Kriol is di ... escure Phonologically, Belizean Kriol is a perfect example of creole languages in the Caribbean and, partly ... IPA don done IPA au IPA bout about 1. Like most creole languages, Kriol has a tendency to an open syllabic ... you plural have to contribute something to the Garifuna people Garifuna People for playing their music ... See also Miskito Coastal Creole Jamaican Patois San Andr s Providencia Creole Bocas del Toro Creole Col n Creole Rio Abajo Creole Lim nese Creole Lim n Coastal Creole Guyanese Creole Vincentian Creole Virgin Islands Creole Languages of Belize References reflist External links http www.kriol.org.bz ... development.com metzgen creole proverbs.html Belizean Creole Proverbs complied by Monrad Metzgen and Henry ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Infobox language name Bahamas Creole English states region flag Bahamas br flag United Kingdom flag United States br flag Turks and Caicos Islands speakers 400,000 familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Northern iso3 bah lingua 52 ABB an notice IPA Bahamian is an English based creole language spoken by approximately 400,000 people in the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands . Bahamian is spoken by both white and black Bahamians, although in slightly different forms. Bahamian also tends to be more prevalent in certain areas of the Bahamas. Islands that were settled earlier or that have a historically large Afro Bahamian population have a greater concentration of individuals exhibiting creolized speech the creole is most prevalent in urban areas. ref Harvcoltxt Reaser 2010 p 161 ref Individual speakers have command of lesser and greater creolized forms. Bahamian also shares similar features with other Caribbean English based creoles, such as those of Jamaica , Barbados , Trinidad and the Virgin Islands . There is also a very significant link between Bahamian and the Gullah language of South Carolina ... language English based English based creole languages creoles of the Caribbean region, limited research has been conducted on what is known as Bahamian Creole. This lack of research on Bahamian Creole ... historical and linguistics linguistic evidence to support the proposal that it is a creole language ... Dialect a Creole? ref Pronunciation Though there is variation between black and white speakers, there is a tendency ... of Bahamian Creole in comparison to English include ref Harvcoltxt Holm Shilling 1982 p viii ref Merger ... languages. Examples asue a cooperative savings system traced to a Yoruba people Yoruba custom of s ... creole languages Obeah Witchcraft. ref Harvcoltxt Holm Shilling 1982 p 49 ref See also Caribbean English Bahamian English Gullah Virgin Islands Creole Jamaican Creole Antiguan Creole Saint Kitts Creole ... more details
Infobox language name Tobagonian Creole nativename Tobagonian dialect states Tobago speakers 36,000 date 1990 familycolor Creole fam1 English based creole languages English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern iso3 tgh lingua http www.linguasphere.info ?page inner&id inner 1018459 52 ABB at Tobagonian is an English based creole language and the generally spoken language in Tobago . It is distinct from Trinidadian Creole and closer to other Lesser Antilles Lesser Antillean creoles. See also Trinidadian English References James, Winford, 2001 http www.trinicenter.com winford 412001.htm Di NAR Nuh Deh een . James, Winford 2001, http www.triniview.com winford 2942001.htm A Signature of Tobagonian Speech . Anglophone Caribbean Creoles Category Languages of Trinidad and Tobago Category Tobago Category English based pidgins and creoles pidgincreole lang stub Trinidad stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Creole Type Album Artist David Murray jazz musician David Murray Cover Creole album .jpg Released 1998 Recorded October 19 20, 1997 Genre Jazz Length 64 29 Label Justin Time Producer Jim West Last album Fo Deuk Revue br 1997 This album Creole br 1998 Next album Seasons David Murray album Seasons br 2000 Creole is an album by David Murray jazz musician David Murray released on the Justin Time label. Recorded in 1997 and released in 1998 the album features performances by Murray with Michel Cilla , Max Cilla , Ray Drummond , Billy Jabali Hart , D.D. Jackson , Klod Kiavue , Fran ois Landreseau , G rard Lockel , and James Newton . ref http www.justin time.com works JUST 115 2 Justin Time calogue accessed November 26, 2008. ref Reception The Allmusic review by Tim Sheridan awarded the album 3 stars stating Celebrating the Caribbean spirit through bold rhythms and atonal experiment, this disc is for the most part an intriguing effort. While the noodling is not for everyone s taste, there are many beautiful moments throughout. . ref name Allmusic Sheridan, T. http allmusic.com album creole r354664 review Allmusic Review accessed September 8, 2011 ref Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score rating 3 5 ref name Allmusic Track listing Blue Muse Irving, Murray 8 59 Evidence Murray 5 58 One World Family Awadi, Barry, Gaye, Murray 8 42 Too Many Hungry People Irving 5 16 Chant Africain Traditional 6 59 Abdoul Aziz Sy Dieuf Dieul, Gaye 6 29 Village Urbana Awadi, Barry, Irving 7 15 Thilo Dieuf Dieul, Gaye 6 20 Recorded October 19 & 20, 1997 in Martinique Personnel David Murray jazz musician David Murray tenor saxophone, bass clarinet Michel Cilla dibass drum, voice Max Cilla flute des mornes Ray Drummond bass Billy Jabali Hart drums D.D. Jackson piano Klod Kiavue ka drum, percussion and voice Fran ois Landreseau ka drum and voice on track 05 G rard Lockel guitar James Newton flute References reflist Category 1998 albums Category David ... more details
Atlantic Creole is a term used in North America to describe the Charter Generation of Slavery slaves during the European colonization of the Americas before 1660. These slaves had cultural roots in Africa , Europe and sometimes the Caribbean . They were of mixed race , primarily descended from European fathers and African mothers. Some had lived and worked in Europe or the Caribbean before coming or being transported to North America. Examples of such men included John Punch and Emanuel Driggus his surname was possibly derived from Rodr guez surname Rodriguez . ref Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America , Cambridge, MA Belknap Press, 1998 Pbk, p.39 ref ref name WNET http www.wnet.org pressroom release.php?get 1471 Individual Stories Individual Heroes , Slavery and the Making of America , WNET, accessed 30 September 2011 ref History The historian Ira Berlin 1998 identified the arrival of the Atlantic Creoles in the Chesapeake Bay region in the 17th century. He traced the Atlantic creoles to descendants of European sailors and traders as fathers and African mothers. They were born generally in the port cities of the west coast of Africa, where Portuguese traders had been active since the mid 16th century. Growing up in multi lingual environments ... researchers have found that 80 of the free people of color in the Upper South in colonial times ... conversion of the people. They formed a type of African Catholic spirituality unique to the region, and the people frequently adopted Portuguese names in baptism. The kingdoms were Christian for nearly 400 years and many of their people were taken as slaves by the Portuguese. ref name Thornton http ... argue that numerous people from Kongo were transported to the North American colonies as slaves, especially to South Carolina and Louisiana. Kongolese Catholics led the Stono Rebellion in 1739 ... and Dutch imported more slaves from outside the Atlantic Creole areas to supply the increased ... more details
Creole fam1 English Creole fam2 Atlantic fam3 Eastern fam4 Southern iso3 bjs lingua http www.linguasphere.info ?page inner&id inner 1018457 52 ABB ar notice IPA Bajan is an English based creole language ref Burrowes, Audrey. 1983 . Barbadian Creole A note on its social history and structure . Studies ... spoken on the Caribbean island of Barbados . Bajan, like many other English based Caribbean creole ... Bajan is the Caribbean creole with the closest grammar to Standard English. ref Harvcoltxt ... its creole features are due to an earlier pidgin state or to some other reason, such as contact with neighboring English based creole languages. ref Harvcoltxt Hancock 1986 p 195 ref In one historical ... language Belizean and Guyanese Creole s. Citation needed date April 2010 Unlike Jamaica, Guyana or Trinidad ..., Barbadian . In general, the people of Barbados speak standard British English on TV and radio, in courthouses ... 14 show language.asp?code BJS ethnologue.com Barbadian Creole English ref wunna You all from the Igbo ... Ibem or Ibem meaning My people obeah From Igbo Obia, doctoring, mysticism, or oracle doppy From Twi .... Barbadian Creole A note on its social history and structure. In Lawrence Carrington, Dennis Craig ... Linguistics, 38 45. citation last Cassidy first Frederic year 1986 title Barbadian Creole .... Early Bajan Creole or non Creole? In Jacques Arends, ed., The early stages of creolization. Amsterdam ... last Le Page first Robert year 1957 title General outlines of Creole English dialects in the British Caribbean journal Orbis volume 7 pages 54 64 Rickford, John R. 1992. The Creole residue in Barbados .... Copula contraction and absence in Barbadian Creole English, Saman English and Vernacular Black English .... Textual evidence on the nature of early Barbadian speech, 1676 1835 . Journal of Pidgin and Creole ... in Creole formation The case of Bajan . In I Neumann Holzschuh and EW Schneider, eds., Degrees of restructuring in Creole languages. Amsterdam, Philadelphia Benjamins, 215 245. cite A Z of Barbados ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
