Pfam box Symbol Bac luciferase Name Luciferase like monooxygenase image PDB 1nfp EBI.jpg width caption ... nonhuman protein Name Firefly luciferase caption Structure of Photinus pyralis firefly luciferase. image Firefly Luciferase Crystal Structure.rsh.png width 200 Organism Photinus pyralis TaxID 7054 HGNCid Symbol Firefly luciferase AltSymbols EntrezGene OMIM RefSeq UniProt P08659 PDB 1LCI PDB supplemental ... 1.13.12.7 Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Infobox protein family Symbol Luciferase cat Name Luciferase catalytic domain image PDB 1vpr EBI.jpg width caption crystal structure of a luciferase ... SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Infobox protein family Symbol Luciferase N Name Luciferase LBP N terminal domain image width caption Pfam PF05295 Pfam clan InterPro IPR007959 ... Luciferase 3H Name Luciferase helical bundle domain image PDB 1vpr EBI.jpg width caption crystal structure of a luciferase domain from the dinoflagellate lingulodinium polyedrum Pfam PF10284 Pfam clan InterPro IPR018475 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Luciferase is a generic ... . One famous example is the firefly luciferase EC number 1.13.12.7 from the firefly Photinus pyralis . ref name pmid3072883 cite journal author Gould SJ, Subramani S title Firefly luciferase as a tool ... month November pmid 3072883 doi 10.1016 0003 2697 88 90353 3 url issn ref Firefly luciferase as a laboratory reagent usually refers to P. pyralis luciferase although Recombinant DNA recombinant luciferases ... catalyzed by firefly luciferase takes place in two steps firefly luciferin luciferin Adenosine ... R, Esteves da Silva JC title Firefly luciferase produces hydrogen peroxide as a coproduct in dehydroluciferyl ... June pmid 16642538 doi 10.1002 cbic.200500443 url ref The reaction catalyzed by bacterial luciferase ... TO, Rayment I title The 1.5 A resolution crystal structure of bacterial luciferase in low salt ... Firefly luciferase generates light from luciferin in a multistep process. First, D luciferin is adenylation ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 A Photocyte is a cell biology cell that specializes in catalyzing enzymes to produce light bioluminescence . Photocytes typically occur in select layers of epithelial tissue, functioning singly or in a group, or as part of a larger apparatus a photophore . Light production is first triggered by nerve impulses which stimulate the photocyte to release the enzyme luciferase Photinus Pyralis into a reaction chamber of luciferin substrate. In some species the release occurs continually without the precursor impulse via osmosis osmotic diffusion . Molecular Oxygen is then actively gated through surrounding Wiktionary trachea tracheal cells which otherwise limit the natural diffusion of Oxygen from blood vessels the resulting reaction with the luciferase and luciferin produces light energy and a by product usually carbon dioxide . Researchers once postulated that adenosine triphosphate ATP was source of reaction energy for photocytes, but since ATP only produces a fraction the energy of the luciferase reaction, any resulting light wave energy would be too small for detection by a human eye. The wavelengths produced by most photocytes fall close to 490 nm although light as energetic as 250 nm is reportedly possible. The variations of color seen in different photocytes are usually the result of color filters that alter the wavelength of the light prior to exiting the endoderm, thanks to the other parts of the photophore . The range of colors vary between bioluminescent species. Interestingly, the exact combinations of luciferase and luciferin types found among photocytes are specific to the species to which it belongs. This would seem to be the result of consistent evolutionary divergence. Category Bioluminescence biology stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Glowing tobacco plant.jpg thumb A photo of a genetic engineering genetically engineered glowing tobacco plant taken with the autoluminograph method right An autoluminograph is a photograph produced by placing a light emitting object directly on a piece of film. A famous example is an autoluminograph published in Science magazine in 1986 ref cite article title Transient and stable expression of the firefly luciferase gene in plant cells and transgenic plants author Ow, D.W. and Wood, K.V. and DeLuca, M. and de Wet, J.R. and Helinski, D.R. and Howell, S.H. journal Science volume 234 issue 4778 pages 856 856 issn 0036 8075 year 1986 publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science ref of a glowing transgenic tobacco plant bearing the luciferase gene of fireflies placed on Kodak Ektachrome 200 film. References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the ref , ref and reference tags div class references small references div Category Photographic processes photography stub ... more details
enzyme Name Oplophorus luciferin 2 monooxygenase EC number 1.13.12.13 CAS number IUBMB EC number 1 13 12 13 GO code image width caption In enzymology , an Oplophorus luciferin 2 monooxygenase EC number 1.13.12.13 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction Oplophorus luciferin O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math oxidized Oplophorus luciferin CO sub 2 sub hnu Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are Oplophorus luciferin and oxygen O sub 2 sub , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are oxidized Oplophorus luciferin , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , and hn . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on single donors with O sub 2 sub as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate oxygenases . The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen internal monooxygenases o internal mixed function oxidases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is Oplophorus luciferin oxygen 2 oxidoreductase decarboxylating . This enzyme is also called Oplophorus luciferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Shimomura O, Masugi T, Johnson FH, Haneda Y date 1978 title Properties and reaction mechanism of the bioluminescence system of the deep sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilorostris journal Biochemistry. volume 17 pages 994&ndash 8 pmid 629957 doi 10.1021 bi00599a008 issue 6 cite journal author Inouye S, Watanabe K, Nakamura H, Shimomura O date 2000 title Secretional luciferase of the luminous shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris cDNA cloning of a novel imidazopyrazinone luciferase 1 journal FEBS. Lett. volume 481 pages 19&ndash 25 pmid 10984608 doi 10.1016 S0014 5793 00 01963 3 issue 1 1.13 enzyme stub Category EC 1.13.12 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Oplophorus luciferina 2 monoossigenasi ja 2 ... more details
Taxobox image Hough Photinus sp.JPG image width 240px image caption Adult Photinus beetle Photinus sp. specimens br Cody Hough collection regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a infraclassis Neoptera superordo Endopterygota ordo Coleoptera subordo Polyphaga infraordo Elateriformia superfamilia Elateroidea familia Lampyridae subfamilia Lampyrinae tribus Photinini tribus authority subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Many, see Selected genera text Image with inadequate rationale removed image Glowing tobacco plant.jpg thumb left A tobacco plant transgenic for Photinus pyralis luciferase after watering with luciferin solution. The Photinini are a large tribe biology tribe of fireflies in the subfamily Lampyrinae . Photinus pyralis is famous in biotechnology for its luciferase gene . This is sometimes employed as a marker gene genetically modified organisms which contain it start to bioluminescence glow like the firefly when brought in contact with luciferin containing medium. Firefly luciferases differ slightly between taxa , resulting in differently colored light and other properties, and in most cases where firefly luciferase is used in some application or study, it is the specific luciferase of P. pyralis Systematics The delimitation and relationships of the many genera are often insufficiently resolved. For example, Lamprohiza and Phausis as presently delimited are apparently paraphyletic in respect to each other. The Phosphaenini , containing Phosphaenus and some other genera from the Holarctic , might indeed be a tribe distinct from the main North America n lineage of Photinini, as was once proposed. Phausis may be even more distinct. ref name stangerhalletal2007 Stanger Hall et al. 2007 ref Among the Lampyrinae , the Phosphaenus group seems to occupy an even more basal evolution basal position than the ancient and probably unrelated lineages assembled in the Cratomorphini a possibly invalid group most do not produce any light and rely on pheromone c ... more details
enzyme Name alkanal monooxygenase FMN linked EC number 1.14.14.3 CAS number 9014 00 0 IUBMB EC number 1 14 14 3 GO code 0047646 image width caption In enzymology , an alkanal monooxygenase FMN linked EC number 1.14.14.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction RCHO reduced FMN O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math RCOOH FMN H sub 2 sub O hnu The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are RCHO , reduced FMN , and oxygen O sub 2 sub , whereas its 4 product chemistry products are RCOOH , flavin mononucleotide FMN , water H sub 2 sub O , and hn . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alkanal,reduced FMN oxygen oxidoreductase 1 hydroxylating, luminescing . Other names in common use include bacterial luciferase , aldehyde monooxygenase , luciferase , and Vibrio fischeri luciferase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 4 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1BRL , PDB link 1BSL , PDB link 1LUC , and PDB link 1XKJ . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hastings JW last2 Nealson date 1978 first2 Kenneth H. title Bacterial bioluminescence light emission in the mixed function oxidation of reduced flavin and fatty aldehyde journal CRC. Crit. Rev. Biochem. volume 5 pages 163&ndash 84 pmid 363350 doi 10.3109 10409237809177143 issue 2 cite journal author Hastings JW, Nealson KH date 1977 title Bacterial bioluminescence journal Annu. Rev. Microbiol. volume 31 pages 549&ndash 95 pmid 199107 doi 10.1146 annurev.mi.31.100177.003001 cite journal author Hastings JW, Presswood RP date 1978 title Bacterial luciferase FMNH2 aldehyde oxidase j ... more details
orphan date January 2008 Bioluminescent activated destruction or BLADe refers to a technique used to kill cancer cells. ref http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2003 04 030421084227.htm Science Daily ref It works by first altering the cells in an organism to, once they become cancerous, create the firefly light source luciferin and luciferase to, obviously, create light. The light itself would have little effect on the cells if it wasn t for the addition of a Photosensitizer photosensitizing agent which essentially makes the cells much more vulnerable to light. It can specifically eradicate the cancer cells with no negative side effects to normal cells. Trials on humans have yet to be seen, although the trials on Mouse mice looked rather promising for it. Notes references References Zimmer, Marc Glowing Genes A revolution in Biotechnology Category Experimental cancer treatments science stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date February 2008 The Host Cell Reactivation Assay or HCR is a technique used to measure the DNA repair repair capacity of cell of a particular DNA alteration. The host cell is transfection transfected with a damaged plasmid containing a reporter gene , usually luciferase , which has been deactivated due to the damage. The ability of the cell to repair the damage in the plasmid after it is introduced to the cell allows the reporter gene to be reactivated leading it to produce its reporting product. Category Molecular biology Category Laboratory techniques Molecular biology stub ... more details
Photoproteins refer to bioluminescent proteins from luminous organisms. These proteins do not exhibit a luciferin luciferase reaction, ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 458121 photoprotein Encyclop dia Britannica photoprotein Retrieved on 6 Mars, 2009 ref that is, a normal enzyme Substrate biochemistry substrate reaction. Instead, these proteins display luminescence proportional to the amount of the protein. Such proteins are stable as a luciferin photoprotein complex, often until the addition of another required factor, such as calcium in biology Ca sup 2 sup for the photoprotein aequorin . The term was first used to describe the unusual chemistry of the Chaetopterus luminescent system. ref Shimomura, O. Bioluminescence Chemical Principles and Methods World Scientific Publishing Co., 2006. ref References reflist Category Bioluminescence protein stub ... more details
of the Bacterial Luciferase Gene Cassette lux in a Mammalian Cell Line year 2010 editor1 last Pan editor1 ... title Comparison of human optimized bacterial luciferase, firefly luciferase, and green fluorescent ... 4 pages 047003 pmid 21529093 pmc 3094131 ref This luciferase reaction has a peak wavelength of about ... more details
Taxobox name Railroad worm regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Beetle Coleoptera familia Phengodidae genus Phrixothrix genus authority Olivier, 1909 subdivision ranks Species subdivision several wikispecies Phrixothrix Railroad worm A railroad worm is a larva or larviform female adult of a beetle of the genus Phrixothrix in the family biology family Phengodidae , characterized by their unique possession of two different colors of bioluminescence . The luminescent organs of their body can glow green, while those on their head can glow red this is probably due to different luciferase s in their bodies, as the reaction substrate, called luciferin, is the same. This is believed to be an adaptation to help confuse and frighten predator s. The term railroad worm is also sometimes applied to the Apple maggot . External links http www.mcb.harvard.edu hastings Images bioluminescence.html Photos of luminescent organisms including Railroad Worm DEFAULTSORT Railroad Worm Category Elateroidea Category Bioluminescent organisms ... more details
of the bioluminescent protein luciferase in the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri . Similar ... results in luminescence due to the expression of LuxA and LuxB, which form a protein known as a luciferase and the expression of LuxC, D, E, and G, which are involved in the synthesis of the luciferase ... title Structural identification of autoinducer of Photobacterium fischeri luciferase journal Biochemistry ... more details
luciferin and the enzyme luciferase .The luciferase enzyme consists of a 555 amino acid ... 1989 title Cloning and expression of cDNA for the luciferase from the marine ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii ... lip gland, with luciferase as a catalyst. The reaction produces carbon dioxide , oxyluciferin , and blue ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 460106219 ImageFile Coelenterazine.png ImageSize 220px IUPACName 6 4 hydroxyphenyl 2 4 hydroxyphenyl methyl 8 phenylmethyl 7H imidazo 3,2 a pyrazin 3 one OtherNames Coelenterazine, Renilla luciferin Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 55779 48 1 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 2311 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C26H21N3O3 c30 20 10 6 18 7 11 20 15 23 26 32 29 16 24 19 8 12 21 31 13 9 19 27 22 25 29 28 23 14 17 4 2 1 3 5 17 h1 13,16,27,30 31H,14 15H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey YHIPILPTUVMWQT UHFFFAOYSA N PubChem 2830 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 2728 SMILES C1 CC C C C1 CC2 C3N C C O N3C C N2 C4 CC C C C4 O CC5 CC C C C5 O InChI InChI 1S C26H21N3O3 c30 20 10 6 18 7 11 20 15 23 26 32 29 16 24 19 8 12 21 31 13 9 19 27 22 25 29 28 23 14 17 4 2 1 3 5 17 h1 13,16,27,30 31H,14 15H2 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 26 sub H sub 21 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 3 sub MolarMass 423.463 Appearance orange yellow crystals Density MeltingPt 175 178 C BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Coelenterazine is the luciferin , the light emitting molecule, found in many aquatic organisms across seven Phylum phyla . ref cite book author Shimomura, O. year 2006 title Bioluminescence Chemical Principles and Methods publisher World Scientific Publishing isbn 9789812568014 ref It is the substrate in many luciferase s and photoprotein s including Renilla reniformis Renilla luciferin 2 monooxygenase luciferase Rluc , Gaussia luciferase Gluc , aequorin , and obelin . History Coelenterazine was simultaneously isolated and characterized by two groups studying the luminescent organisms sea pansy Renilla reniformis and the coelenterate Aequorea victoria , respectively. ref cite journal author Hori K, Charbonneau H, Hart RC, and Cormier MJ title Structure of native Renilla reinformis lucif ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Photobacterium phosphoreum image image caption regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Vibrionales familia Vibrionaceae genus Photobacterium species P. phosphoreum binomial Photobacterium phosphoreum Photobacterium phosphoreum or Vibrio phosphoreum is a Gram negative bioluminescence bioluminescent bacterium living in symbiosis with marine organisms. It can emit bluish green light 490 nm thanks to a chemical reaction between Flavin mononucleotide FMN , luciferin and molecular oxygen catalysed by an enzyme called Luciferase . In Popular Culture P. phosphoreum appeared on the partially decomposed remains of a celebrity chef in the second season of Bones TV series Bones . In the episode The Glowing Bones in the Old Stone House, Episode 2.20 , the bacteria entered the victim s body via transfer off the murder weapon. Jack Hodgins Bones Dr. Hodgins later used shrimp and crab legs bearing the bacteria to spell out Be My Love as a message to Angela Montenegro . External links http www.biology.pl bakterie sw index en.html Piotr Madanecki s Website about Luminescent Bacteria http www.disknet.com indiana biolab b203.htm Isolation of P. phosphoreum Cultures from Seafish bacteria stub Category Vibrionales Category Bioluminescent organisms ca Photobacterium phosphoreum ... more details
, modified with Renilla luciferase, is introduced in the culture. This modification allows us to study ... proteins, that is when Luciferase s protein it s synthesized. All further steps can t be evaluated with this procedure. If Renilla luciferase is expressed is because the siRNA has hit a mRNA not relevant ... more details
ATP assays using firefly luciferase . ref Webster, J. J., and Leach, F. R., Optimization of the firefly luciferase assay for ATP. J. Appl. Biochem. , 2 469 479. ref Tricine has also been found ... more details
The bacterial luciferin luciferase system is encoded by a set of genes labelled the Lux operon ... bioluminescence through the catalyzation of the enzyme luciferase Meighen, 1991 . The lux operon has a known gene sequence of luxCDAB F E, where lux A and lux B code for the components of luciferase ... for the luciferase mechanism Meighen, 1991 . Lux C codes for the enzyme acyl reductase, lux D .... Luciferase produces blue green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide and a long ... more details
in brief some of the reporter gene systems available and their existing applications. Bacterial luciferase ... cells containing the genes for bacterial luciferase. Luciferase is a generic name for an enzyme that catalyzes ... content m67248753tkj1111 ref . Firefly luciferase Luc Firefly luciferase catalyzes a reaction that produces visible light in the 550 575 nm range. A click beetle luciferase is also ... estrogen receptor mediated luciferase reporter gene assay in the human T47D breast cancer ... more details
Image Firefly luciferin 3D vdW.png thumb right 300px This is a space filling model of firefly luciferin . Color coding yellow sulfur blue nitrogen black carbon red oxygen white hydrogen . Luciferins from the Latin lucifer , light bringer are a class of light emitting heterocyclic compound s found in organisms that cause bioluminescence . Luciferin undergoes an enzyme catalysed oxidation and the resulting unstable reaction intermediate emits light upon decaying to its ground state. The term luciferin is used generically to refer to any light emitting molecule utilized by a luciferase or photoprotein . ref name pmid8707056 cite journal author Hastings JW title Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions a review journal Gene volume 173 issue 1 Spec No pages 5 11 year 1996 pmid 8707056 doi 10.1016 0378 1119 95 00676 1 url issn ref Types Image Firefly luciferin.svg thumb 200px This structure of firefly luciferin is reversed left to right from the space filling model shown above Luciferins are a class of small molecule substrate biochemistry substrates that are redox oxidized in the presence of the enzyme luciferase to produce oxyluciferin and energy in the form of light . It is not known just how many types of luciferins there are, but some of the better studied compounds are listed below. There are many types of luciferins, yet all share the use of reactive oxygen species to emit light. ref name pmid6358519 cite journal author Hastings JW title Biological diversity, chemical mechanisms, and the evolutionary origins of bioluminescent systems journal J. Mol. Evol. volume 19 issue 5 pages 309 21 year 1983 pmid 6358519 doi 10.1007 BF02101634 url issn ref Firefly main Firefly luciferin Firefly luciferin is the luciferin found in many Lampyridae species. It is the substrate of luciferase Enzyme Commission number EC 1.13.12.7 responsible for the characteristic yellow light emission from fireflies. The chemistry is unusual, as it was found that Adenosine triphosphate AT ... more details
or differences in primary structure of the luciferase . ref cite journal author Seliger HH, Buck ... Oxyluciferin, a Luminescence Product of Firefly Luciferase, Is Enzymatically Regenerated into Luciferin ... more details
with the enzymes DNA polymerase , ATP sulfurylase , luciferase and apyrase , and with the substrates ... triphosphate s dNTP s dATP S, which is not a substrate for a luciferase, is added instead of dATP initiates ... acts as fuel to the luciferase mediated conversion of luciferin to oxyluciferin that generates visible light in amounts that are proportional to the amount of ATP. The light produced in the luciferase ... more details
Luminescent bacteria emit light as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy. Luminescent bacteria exist as symbiotic organisms carried within a larger organism, such as many deep sea organisms, including the Lantern Fish , the Angler fish , certain jellyfish , certain clam s and the Gulper eel . The light is generated by an enzyme catalyzed chemoluminescence reaction, wherein the pigment luciferin is oxidisation oxidised by the enzyme luciferase . The expression of gene s related to bioluminescence is controlled by an operon called the lux operon . Some species of luminescent bacteria possess quorum sensing, the ability to determine local population by the concentration of chemical messengers. Species which have quorum sensing can turn on and off certain chemical pathways, commonly luminescence in this way, once population levels reach a certain point the bacteria switch off light production ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 10398554 Autoinduction of light emission in different species of bioluminescent bacteria . Luminescence 1999, 14 1 3 9. ref Characteristics of the phenomenon Bioluminescence is a form of luminescence , or cold light light emission emission less than 20 of the light generates thermal radiation . It should not be confused with fluorescence , phosphorescence or refraction of light. Most forms of bioluminescence are lighter or only exist at night, following a circadian rhythm . See also Dinoflagellate s Vibrionaceae e.g. Vibrio fischeri , Vibrio harveyi , Photobacterium phosphoreum Vibrio phosphoreum References references External links http www.rhizobium.net environmental microbiology sites.htm h8 Bioluminescence Lecture Notes http lifesci.ucsb.edu biolum Bioluminescence Webpage http www.disknet.com indiana biolab b203.htm Isolation of Vibrio phosphoreum http www.biology.pl bakterie sw index en.html Luminescent Bacteria http siobiolum.ucsd.edu Biolum intro.html Scripps Institution of Oceanograph ... more details
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