, Luritja and Pitjantjatjara people Pitjantjatjara people. ref http www.titjikala.com.au mainpage.html ... Traditional languages are Luritja , Arrernte language Arrernte or Pitjantjatjara language Pitjantjatjara ... more details
more footnotes date August 2011 File Full subincision.jpg right thumb A penile subincision. Penile subincision is a form of body modification consisting of a urethrotomy , in which the underside of the penis is incised and the urethra slit open lengthwise, from the urethral opening urinary meatus meatus toward the base. The slit can be of varying lengths. Subincision is traditionally performed around the world, notably in Australia , but also in Africa , South America and the Polynesia n and Melanesia n cultures of the Pacific Ocean Pacific , often as a coming of age ritual. The practice has been taken up in the western world in recent years for the purpose of sexual pleasure or aesthetics. Disadvantages include the risk of surgery, which is often self surgery self performed , and increased susceptibility to Sexually transmitted infection sexually transmitted infections STIs . The ability to impregnate specifically, getting Semen sperm into the vagina may also be decreased. Subincisions can greatly affect urination and often require the subincised male to sit or squat while urinating. The scrotum can be pulled up against the open urethra to quasi complete the tube and allow normal urination, while a few subincised men carry a tube with which they can aim. Cultural traditions Subincision like circumcision is widespread Citation needed date January 2008 in the traditional cultures of Indigenous Australians , and is well documented Citation needed date January 2008 among the peoples of the Central Australia central desert such as the Arrernte people Arrernte and Luritja . The Arrernte word for subincision is arilta , and occurs as a rite of passage ritual for adolescent boys. Citation needed date January 2008 It was gifted to the Arrernte by Mangar kunjer kunja , a lizard man spirit being from the Dreamtime mythology Dreamtime . A subincised penis is thought to resemble a vulva , and the bleeding is likened to menstruation . ref Myerhoff 1982 122 ref This type of modif ... more details
Infobox artist image Only freely licensed images may be used to depict living people. See WP NONFREE . bgcolour name Nora Andy Napaltjarri imagesize caption birth name birth date birth date c.1957 birth place Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory death date death place nationality Australian field Painting training movement works patrons influenced by influenced awards Nora Andy Napaltjarri born c. 1957 is a Warlpiri language Warlpiri and Luritja speaking Indigenous Australian Indigenous artist from Australia Australia s Western Desert cultural bloc Western Desert region. like her mother Entalura Nangala, Nora has painted for Indigenous artists cooperative Papunya Tula . Her work has been exhibited at the Paul Gauguin Museum Tahiti Gauguin Museum in Tahiti, and is held by Atrbank . Life File HAASTS BLUFF IKUNTJI .jpg right thumb 320px alt Daytime landscape photo, showing a range of hills with the nearest rising to a rocky red peak, below a blue sky with a few white strings of cloud, and above the tops of eucalyptus trees. Haasts Bluff, where Nora Andy was born. Nora Andy was born circa 1957 Karrinyarra Artists biography gives a date of 1956, ref name KarrinyarraNora cite web url http www.karrinyarra artists.com artists 8.html title Nora Andy Napaltjarri year 2007 work Karrinyarra Artists accessdate 2009 09 19 ref while Birnberg and Kreczmanski s 2004 biographical dictionary gives circa 1957. ref name Birnberg219 cite book last Birnberg first Margo coauthors Janusz Kreczmanski title Aboriginal Artist Dictionary of Biographies Australian Western, Central Desert and Kimberley Region publisher J.B. Publishing location Marleston, South Australia year 2004 page 219 isbn 1 876622 47 4 ref She was born at Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory , west of Alice Springs, Northern Territory Alice Springs . The ambiguity around the year of birth is in part because Indigenous Australians operate using a different conception of time, often estimating dates through comparisons with the occurr ... more details
Infobox artist image Only freely licensed images may be used to depict living people. See WP NONFREE . bgcolour name Ada Andy Napaltjarri imagesize caption birth name birth date birth date c.1954 birth place Narwietooma Station, near Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory death date death place nationality Australian field Painting training movement works patrons influenced by influenced awards Ada Andy Napaltjarri born c. 1954 is a Warlpiri language Warlpiri and Luritja speaking Indigenous Australian Indigenous artist from Australia Australia s Western Desert cultural bloc Western Desert region. Ada was born near Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory , and has lived in several Northern Territory communities. She began painting in the early 1980s at Alice Springs, Northern Territory Alice Springs and probably played a role in the development of interest in painting in the communities in which she has lived. Life File HAASTS BLUFF IKUNTJI .jpg right thumb 320px alt Daytime landscape photo, showing a range of hills with the nearest rising to a rocky red peak, below a blue sky with a few white strings of cloud, and above the tops of eucalyptus trees. Haasts Bluff, where Ada Andy grew up. Ada Andy was born in 1954 ref name KarrinyarraAda cite web url http www.karrinyarra artists.com artists 4.html title Ada Andy Warripunda Napaltjarri year 2007 work Karrinyarra Artists accessdate 2009 12 04 ref ref name Birnberg219 cite book last Birnberg first Margo coauthors Janusz Kreczmanski title Aboriginal Artist Dictionary of Biographies Australian Western, Central Desert and Kimberley Region publisher J.B. Publishing location Marleston, South Australia year 2004 page 219 isbn 1 876622 47 4 ref at Narwietooma Station, near Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory , west of Alice Springs, Northern Territory Alice Springs . Napaljarri skin name Napaljarri in Warlpiri or Napaltjarri in Western Desert dialects is a Australian Aboriginal kinship skin name , one of sixteen used to denote the subsections ... more details
Infobox artist image Only freely licensed images may be used to depict living people. See WP NONFREE . bgcolour name Molly Jugadai Napaltjarri imagesize caption birth name birth date birth date c.1954 birth place Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory death date death place nationality Australian field Painting training movement Molly Jugadai Napaltjarri born ca. 1954 is a Pintupi language Pintupi and Luritja speaking Indigenous Australian Indigenous artist from Australia Australia s Western Desert cultural bloc Western Desert region. Her paintings are held in major collections including the National Gallery of Australia . Life File HAASTS BLUFF IKUNTJI .jpg right thumb 320px alt Daytime landscape photo, showing a range of hills with the nearest rising to a rocky red peak, below a blue sky with a few white strings of cloud, and above the tops of eucalyptus trees. Haasts Bluff, where Molly Jugadai was born. Molly Jugadai was born circa 1954 at Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory , eldest daughter of artists Narputta Nangala and Timmy Jugadai Tjungurrayi. ref name Birnberg213 cite book last Birnberg first Margo coauthors Janusz Kreczmanski title Aboriginal Artist Dictionary of Biographies Australian Western, Central Desert and Kimberley Region publisher J.B. Publishing location Marleston, South Australia year 2004 pages 213 214 isbn 1 876622 47 4 ref ref name Owen The ambiguity around the year of birth is in part because Indigenous Australians operate using a different conception of time, often estimating dates through comparisons with the occurrence of other events. ref name BirnbergIntro cite book last Birnberg first Margo coauthors Janusz Kreczmanski title Aboriginal Artist Dictionary of Biographies Australian Western, Central Desert and Kimberley Region publisher J.B. Publishing pages 10 12 location Marleston, South Australia year 2004 isbn 1 876622 47 4 ref She had a younger sister, artist Daisy Jugadai Napaltjarri , ref name Martin cite book last Martin first Mandy coaut ... more details
File Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg 250px thumb 2 3 FIAV normal The Australian Aboriginal Flag The Australian Aboriginal Flag is a flag that represents Indigenous Australians . It is one of the official Flags of Australia , and holds special legal and political status, but it is not the flag of Australia Australian National Flag . It was designed in 1971 by Aboriginal artist Harold Thomas , who is descended from the Luritja people of Central Australia and holds intellectual property rights in the flag s design. The flag was originally designed for the Native title land rights movement, and it became a symbol of the Aboriginal people of Australia . The flag s width is 1.5 times its height. It is horizontally divided into a black region above and a red region below . A yellow disc is superimposed over the centre of the flag. Status The Government of Australia granted it Flag of Australia status, under the Flags Act 1953 , by proclamation on 14 July 1995. ref Commonwealth of Australia Gazette , Special, No. S 259, 14 July 1995. This was a special issue of the Gazette , printed in colour on high quality paper. It may be found at the back of Government Notices issue No. GN 28, 19 July 1995, together with the proclamation No. S 258 of the Torres Strait Islander Flag . ref Due to an administrative oversight , ref Perhaps because the special issue is not listed on the front of issue No. GN 28. The Gazette is available online only from 2002. ref the 1995 proclamation was not lodged so that it would continue in force indefinitely hence it automatically expired on 1 January 2008. It was therefore almost identically replaced, on 25 January 2008, with effect as from 1 January. ref http www.comlaw.gov.au Details F2008L00209 Flags Act 1953 Proclamation Australian Aboriginal Flag from ComLaw . Retrieved 2011 07 13. The only significant change from 1995 is that Australian Aboriginal flag is altered to Australian Aboriginal Flag . ref In the 2008 proclamation, the flag is recognised ... more details
Use dmy dates date February 2012 Use Australian English date February 2012 Papunya Tula , or Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd, is an artist cooperative formed in 1972 that is owned and operated by Indigenous Australians Aboriginal people from the Western Desert cultural bloc Western Desert of Australia . The group is known for its innovative work with the Western Desert Art Movement, popularly referred to as dot painting . Credited with bringing Aboriginal art to world attention, its artists inspired many other Australian Aboriginal artists and styles. The company operates today out of Alice Springs and is widely regarded as the premier purveyor of Aboriginal art in Central Australia . Background In the late 1960s, the Australian government moved several different groups living in the Western Desert region to Papunya , 240 km northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, to remove them from cattle lands and assimilate them into western culture . These displaced groups were primarily Pintupi , Luritja , Walpiri , Arrernte people Arrernte , and Anmatyerre peoples. In 1971, Geoffrey Bardon , the school teacher at the community, encouraged the children to paint a mural using the traditional style of body and sand ceremonial art. ref http australia.gov.au about australia australian story papunya tula art Papunya Tula art movement of the Western Desert ref This painting style was used for Spirituality spiritual purposes, and so had strict etiquette protocols for its use. Many symbols depicted personal totems and Dreamtime mythology Dreamings , and others more general Dreamtime creation stories . When some of the Elder administrative title elder men saw what the children were doing, they felt the subject matter was more suited to adults. They began creating a mural depicting the Honeypot ant Honey Ant Dreaming. Traditionally, Papunya is the epicenter of the Honey Ant Dreaming, where songlines converge. The European Australian administrators of Papunya later painte ... more details
Infobox Politician name Alison Anderson honorific suffix br small Member of the Legislative Assembly MLA small office Member of the Northern Territory Parliament br for Electoral division of MacDonnell MacDonnell term start 18 June 2005 term end predecessor John Elferink successor electorate majority constituency MP2 parliament2 term start2 term end2 majority2 predecessor2 successor2 birth date birth place death date death place party Australian Labor Party Labor Party 2005 09 br Independent politician Independent 2009 11 br Country Liberal Party 2011 relations spouse children residence occupation religion signature website footnotes Alison Anderson is an Australia n politician. She has been a member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly since 2005, representing the electorate of electoral division of MacDonnell MacDonnell , and is a prominent indigenous activist and former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission ATSIC Central Zone Commissioner. She was one of the party s star candidate s at the Northern Territory legislative election, 2005 2005 election . Anderson was re elected unopposed as the Member for MacDonnell in the August 2008 Territory election and with the subsequent return of the Henderson Labor Government was appointed to Cabinet. She has previously held the position of Minister for Natural Resources, Environment and Heritage Minister for Parks and Wildlife Minister for Arts and Museums and Minister for Indigenous Policy. Anderson speaks six indigenous languages, Anmatyerre , Luritja , Pitjantjatjara language Pitjantjatjara , Warlpiri language Warlpiri , Western Arrernte and Yankunytjatjara language Yankunytjatjara . She is also an accomplished artist. ref Jopson, Deborah. Desert Politician At The Centre . The Age , 2 August 2003. ref Early life and career Anderson was born in the remote community of Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory Haasts Bluff and was raised in a number of other communities, including Hermannsburg, Northern Territor ... more details
, Arrarnta, Arunta, and other similar spellings. Their neighbours are the Southern Arrernte, Luritja ... language Arrernte , Warlpiri language Warlpiri , Luritja , Pitjantjatjara language Pitjantjatjara ... language Warumungu , Kaytetye , Alyawarre , Luritja , Pintupi , Pitjantjatjara language Pitjantjatjara ... more details
&mdash align center &mdash align center &mdash align center rowspan 2 2002 Luritja Way align center ... Riley ref label nb C Luritja Way small Live small Jon Olb and Sean Riley ref label nb C Notes ref begin ... more details
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