T MPLS or Transport MPLS is a transport network layer technology that uses extensions to a subset of the existing Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS standards and is designed specifically for application in transport networks. Work to define T MPLS was started by the ITU T in February 2006. It was intended ... by removing MPLS features that are not relevant to co ps applications and adding mechanisms that provide support of critical transport functionality. ITU T ceased work on T MPLS in December 2008, in favour of MPLS TP standardization. ref http www.itu.int ITU T newslog Clarifications On MPLS For Transport Network.aspx Clarifications on MPLS for transport network ITU T newslog, 10 March 2009 accessed 28 06 2009 ref T MPLS uses the same architectural principles of layered networking that are used ... for use in networks that use those other technologies. In this way T MPLS was intended .... T MPLS is a low cost Layer 2 technology that provides Quality of service QoS , end to end OA&M and protection switching. The following ITU T Recommendations exist for T MPLS . These Recommendations will be superseded i.e., replaced by new revisions that apply to MPLS TP and reference the joint work ... last first authorlink coauthors title Architecture of Transport MPLS T MPLS layer network work publisher ... en format HTML doi accessdate ref Architecture of Transport MPLS T MPLS Layer Network G.8112 ref cite web last first authorlink coauthors title Interfaces for the Transport MPLS T MPLS hierarchy ... G.8112 en format HTML doi accessdate ref Interfaces for the Transport MPLS T MPLS Hierarchy G.8121 ref cite web last first authorlink coauthors title Characteristics of Transport MPLS T MPLS equipment ... www.itu.int rec T REC G.8121 en format HTML doi accessdate ref Characteristics of Transport MPLS equipment ... switching for Transport MPLS T MPLS networks work publisher International Telecommunication Union ... protection switching for Transport MPLS T MPLS networks Y.Sup4 ref cite web last first authorlink coauthors ... more details
MPLS or Mpls can refer to Minneapolis, Minnesota , United States Multiprotocol Label Switching , a data carrying mechanism in computer networking From MoS DAB prefer ONE LINK per entry, short descriptions, avoid piping and external links disambig ... more details
context date March 2011 MPLS TP or MPLS Transport Profile is a profile of Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS whose definition has been commenced by the IETF . It will be designed for use as a network layer ... network experts of the ITU T , specifically SG15, as T MPLS . Since 2008 the work is progressed in a cooperation between ITU T and IETF . The required protocol extensions to MPLS being designed ... packet switched CO PS application. It will offer a dedicated MPLS implementation by removing features ... transport functionality. MPLS TP is to be based on the same architectural principles of layered networking ... have already developed management processes and work procedures based on these principles. MPLS TP will provide ... scale work procedures similar to other packet transport technologies. MPLS TP is expected to be a low ... flash 035 may08.html 003 format HTML doi accessdate ref on the design of MPLS TP . Based on this agreement ... the existing T MPLS standards ref http www.itu.int oth T0906000001 en ref based on the MPLS TP related RFC s listed below. RFC or drafts The following IETF RFC s or drafts exist for MPLS TP class wikitable RFC Title Draft RFC 5317 Joint Working Team JWT Report on MPLS Architectural Considerations for a Transport Profile draft bryant mpls tp jwt report RFC 5586 MPLS Generic Associated Channel draft ietf mpls tp gach gal RFC 5654 MPLS TP Requirements draft ietf mpls tp requirements RFC 5718 An In Band Data Communication Network For the MPLS Transport Profile draft ietf mpls tp gach dcn RFC 5860 Requirements for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance OAM in MPLS Transport Networks draft ietf mpls tp oam requirements RFC 5921 A Framework for MPLS in Transport Networks draft ietf mpls tp framework RFC 5950 Network Management Framework for MPLS based Transport Networks draft ietf mpls tp nm framework RFC 5951 Network Management Requirements for MPLS based Transport Networks draft ietf mpls tp nm req RFC 5960 MPLS Transport Profile Data Plane Architecture draft ietf mpls tp ... more details
Multiple issues wikify February 2012 refimprove August 2008 pov check February 2009 MPLS VPN is a family of methods for harnessing the power of multiprotocol label switching MPLS to create virtual private network s VPNs . MPLS VPNs give network engineers the flexibility to transport and route several types of network traffic using the technologies of a MPLS backbone. There are three types of MPLS VPNs deployed in networks today ref name test http www.westmonroepartners.com media Files White 20Papers Smart 20Grid 20Network 20MPLS 20Design 20Approach West 20Monroe 20Partners.ashx MPLS Design Approach ref Point to point Pseudowire Layer 2 VPLS Layer 3 VPRN Point to point pseudowire Point to point MPLS VPNs employ VLLs virtual leased lines for providing Layer2 point to point connectivity between two sites. Ethernet, TDM, and ATM frames can be encapsulated within these VLLs. Some examples of how point to point VPNs might be used by utilities include encapsulating TDM T1 circuits attached to RTUs or forwarding non routed DNP3 traffic across the backbone network to the SCADA master controller. Layer 2 VPN VPLS Layer 2 L2 , or VPLS virtual private LAN service , offers a switch in the cloud style VPLS service. VPLS provides the ability to span VLANs between sites. L2 VPNs are typically used to route voice, video, and AMI traffic between substation and data center locations. Layer 3 VPN VPRN Layer 3 L3, or VPRN virtual private routed network , utilizes layer 3 VRF VPN virtual routing and forwarding to segment routing tables for each customer utilizing the service. The customer peers with the service provider router and the two exchange routes, which are placed into a routing table specific to the customer. Multiprotocol BGP MP BGP is required in the cloud to utilize the service, which increases complexity of design and implementation. L3 VPNs are typically not deployed on utility ... 4364, BGP MPLS IP virtual private networks Category MPLS networking ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 A Layer 2 MPLS VPN is a term in computer networking . It is a method that Internet service providers use to segregate their network for their customers, to allow them to transmit data over an IP network . This is often sold as a service to businesses. Layer 2 VPNs are a type of Virtual Private Network VPN that uses Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS labels to transport data. The communication occurs between Router computing routers that are known as Provider Edge routers PEs , as they sit on the edge of the provider s network, next to the customer s network. Internet providers who have an existing Layer 2 network such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM or Frame Relay may choose to use these VPNs instead of the other common MPLS VPN, Network Layer Layer 3 . There is no one IETF standard for Layer 2 MPLS VPNs. Instead, two methodologies may be used. Both methods use MPLS Headers to Encapsulation networking encapsulate data. However, they differ in the way they transport data. Types of Layer 2 MPLS VPNs BGP based The BGP based type is based on a draft specification by Kireeti Kompella , from Juniper Networks . It uses the Border Gateway Protocol BGP as the mechanism for PE routers to communicate with each other about their customer connections. Each router connects to a central cloud, using BGP. This means that when new customers are added usually to new routers , the existing routers will communicate with each other, via BGP, and automatically add the new customers to the service. LDP based The second type is based on a draft specification by Luca Martini from Cisco Systems . This method is also known as a Layer 2 circuit . It uses the Label Distribution Protocol LDP to communicate between PE routers. In this case, every router will connect to every other router in the VPN, which differs from the BGP based methodology. The LDP based L2 VPN also ... based ZXCTN6000 9000 series, ZXR10 series Compu network stub Category MPLS networking ... more details
MPLS Fast Reroute also called MPLS local restoration or MPLS local protection is a local restoration network resilience network resiliency mechanism. It is actually a feature of Resource reservation protocol RSVP Teletraffic engineering Traffic Engineering RSVP TE . In MPLS local protection each Label Switched Path LSP passing through a facility ref The term facility is usually referred to a link or node. ref is protected by a backup path which originates at the node immediately upstream to that facility. ref name aslam cite paper author Aslam et al. title NPP A Facility Based Computation Framework for Restoration Routing Using Aggregate Link Usage Information url http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 16546516 version QoS IP 2005 quality of service in multiservice IP network date 2005 02 02 accessdate 2006 10 27 ref ref name raza cite paper author Raza et al. title Online routing of bandwidth guaranteed paths with local restoration using optimized aggregate usage information url http ieeexplore.ieee.org iel5 9996 32109 01494347.pdf version IEEE ICC 2005 accessdate 2006 10 27 ref ref name LiLi cite journal author Li Li et al. title Routing bandwidth guaranteed paths with local restoration in label switched networks url http ieeexplore.ieee.org iel5 49 30289 01391048.pdf?tp &arnumber 1391048&isnumber 30289 version IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications accessdate 2006 10 27 ref ref name rfc4090 cite paper author Pan et al. title Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP TE for LSP Tunnels networks url http tools.ietf.org html rfc4090 version RFC 4090 accessdate 2006 10 27 ref ref name Kodialam cite paper author Kodialam et al. title Dynamic Routing of Locally Restorable ... such as VoIP . In contrast, MPLS local protection meets the requirements of real time applications ... down. Local protection fault models Image Localprotection.JPG thumb 400px An illustration of MPLS ... MPLS networking ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Label Information Base is the software table maintained by IP Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS capable Router computing router s to store the details of port and the corresponding MPLS router label to be popped pushed on incoming outgoing MPLS packets. br Entries are populated from label distribution protocols. LIB functions in the control plane of cisco routers MPLS layer. It is used by the label distribution protocol for mapping the next hop labels Category MPLS networking compu network stub ... more details
IPstack In Multi protocol label switching Multi Protocol Label Switching MPLS , a P Router or Provider Router is a Label Switch Router LSR that functions as a transit router of the core network. The P Router typically connected to one or more Provider Edge PE Routers . Category MPLS networking compu network stub ... more details
A Forwarding Equivalence Class FEC is a term used in Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS to describe a set of packets with similar and or identical characteristics which may be forwarded the same way that is, they may be bound to the same MPLS label. Characteristics determining the FEC of a higher layer packet depend on the configuration of the router, but typically this is at least the destination IP address. Quality of service class is also often used. Thus, a Forward Equivalence Class tends to correspond to a label switched path LSP . The reverse is not true, however an LSP may be and usually is used for multiple FECs. http www.cisco.com en US tech tk436 tk428 technologies q and a item09186a00800949e5.shtml qa4 MPLS FAQ For Beginners What is a Forwarding Equivalence Class FEC ? Category MPLS networking de Forwarding Equivalence Class it Forwarding Equivalent Class ... more details
A label edge router LER , also known as edge LSR is a Router computing router that operates at the edge of an Multiprotocol Label Switching network. When forwarding Internet Protocol IP datagram s into the MPLS domain, it uses routing information to determine appropriate labels to be affixed, labels the packet accordingly, and then forwards the labelled packets into the MPLS domain. Likewise, upon receiving a labelled packet which is destined to exit the MPLS domain, the LER strips off the label and forwards the resulting IP packet using normal IP forwarding rules. See also Label switch router Compu network stub DEFAULTSORT Label Edge Router Category MPLS networking de Label Edge Router ... more details
MLPS may mean Martin Luther Preparatory School , a school located in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin , from 1979 to 1995. Minneapolis, Minnesota , correctly abbreviated as MPLS . disambig Category Initialisms ... more details
In Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS networking, a label switched path LSP is a path through an MPLS network, set up by a signaling protocol such as Label Distribution Protocol LDP , RSVP TE , BGP or CR LDP . The path is set up based on criteria in the forwarding equivalence class FEC . The path begins at a label edge router LER , which makes a decision on which label to prefix to a packet based on the appropriate FEC. It then forwards the packet along to the next router in the path, which swaps the packet s outer label for another label, and forwards it to the next router. The last router in the path removes the label from the packet and forwards the packet based on the header of its next layer, for example IPv4 . Due to the forwarding of packets through an LSP being opaque to higher network layers, an LSP is also sometimes referred to as an MPLS tunnel. The router which first prefixes the MPLS header to a packet is called an ingress router . The last router in an LSP, which pops the label from the packet, is called an egress router . Routers in between, which need only swap labels, are called transit routers or label switch router s LSRs . Note that LSPs are unidirectional they enable a packet to be label switched through the MPLS network from one endpoint to another. Since bidirectional communication is typically desired, the aforementioned dynamic signaling protocols can set up an LSP in the other direction to compensate for this. When protection is considered, LSPs could be categorized as primary working , secondary backup and tertiary LSP of last resort . As described above, LSPs are normally P2P point to point . A new concept of LSPs, which are known as P2MP point to multi point , was introduced recently. These are mainly used for multicasting purposes. External links MPLS Architecture, RFC 3031 LSP Hierarchy with Generalized MPLS Traffic Engineering, RFC 4206 Detecting MPLS Data Plane Failures, RFC 4379 LSP Ping Category MPLS networking Compu network stub de ... more details
The Martini drafts are contributions made to the IETF s PWE3 Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge working group by Luca Martini of Cisco Systems formerly of Level 3 Communications and a number of other authors. They define a method to transport a layer 2 protocol across an Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS network. The Martini trans draft defines the transport mechanism using the Label Distribution Protocol LDP protocol. The Martini encaps series of drafts defines how specific layer 2 protocols are encapsulated prior to being carried in the MPLS network. Provision is made for Synchronous optical networking SONET SDH , Ethernet , Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM and frame relay . The encapsulation defined by the Martini drafts has been published as a Historical RFC http www.rfc editor.org rfc rfc4905.txt RFC 4905 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Layer 2 Frames over MPLS Networks . See also Layer 2 MPLS VPN Pseudo wire External links http www.ietf.org html.charters pwe3 charter.html PWE3 working group homepage http www.rfc editor.org rfc rfc4905.txt Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Layer 2 Frames over MPLS Networks Compu network stub Category MPLS networking Category Level 3 Communications ... more details
IPstack The customer edge CE is the router at the customer premises that is connected to the provider edge of a service provider Internet Protocol IP Multi protocol label switching MPLS network. CE peers with the PE and exchanges routes with the corresponding VRF inside the PE. The routing protocol used could be static or dynamic an Interior Gateway Protocol like OSPF or an Exterior Gateway Protocol like BGP . Category MPLS networking compu network stub ... more details
An egress router is a Label Switch Router that is an end point drain for a given Label Switched Path LSP . An egress router may be an ingress router or an intermediate router for any other LSP s . Hence the role of egress and ingress routers is LSP specific. Usually, the Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS label is attached with an IP packet at the ingress router and removed at the egress router, whereas label swapping is performed on the intermediate routers. Category MPLS networking compu network stub ... more details
VLL may refer to Virtual Leased Line , an Ethernet based communication over IP MPLS networks Lego Mindstorms Codepilot Visual Light Link , a component of a Lego robotics kit Valladolid Airport s IATA code disambig ... more details
An ingress router is a Label Switch Router that is a starting point source for a given Label Switched Path LSP . An ingress router may be an egress router or an intermediate router for any other LSP s . Hence the role of ingress and egress routers is LSP specific. Usually, the Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS label is attached with an IP packet at the ingress router and removed at the egress router, whereas label swapping is performed on the intermediate routers. However, in special cases such as LSP Hierarchy in RFC 4206, LSP Stitching http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf ccamp lsp stitching 06 and MPLS local protection the ingress router could be pushing label in label stack of an already existing MPLS packet instead of an IP packet . Note that, although the ingress router is the starting point of an LSP, it may or may not be the source of the under lying IP packets. Ingress Category MPLS networking ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 context October 2009 unreferenced July 2008 Similar to VRF Virtual Routing and Forwarding Instance maintained in IP MPLS routers to deliver layer 3 VPN s, IP VPN s, IP MPLS switches maintain a Virtual Switching Instance VSI to deliver layer 2 VPN s, VPLS . As VRF s keep Internet Protocol IP route entries for a particular L3 VPN, VSIs keep MAC address entries for a particular VPLS . MAC addresses are learned on pseudowires an L2 switch learns MAC addresses on ports . Category MPLS networking compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Penultimate Hop Popping PHP is a function performed by certain routers in an Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a Label Switch Router LSR before the packet is passed to an adjacent Label Edge Router LER . The process is important in a MPLS VPN Layer 3 MPLS VPN RFC2547 environment as it reduces the load on the LER. If this process didn t happen, the LER would have to perform at least 2 label lookups The outer label, identifying that the packet was destined to have its label stripped on this router. The inner label, to identify which VRF Virtual Routing Forwarding VRF instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup. In a large network this can result in the CPU load on the LER reaching unacceptable levels. By having PHP for an LER done on the LSRs connected to it, the load is effectively distributed among its neighbour routers. PHP functionality is achieved by the LER advertising a label with a value of 3 to its neighbours. This label is defined as implicit null and informs the neighbouring LSR s to perform PHP . External links http www.mplsvpn.info 2008 11 what is php penultimate hop popping.html What Is PHP Penultimate Hop Popping Category MPLS networking ... more details
Protocol Label Switching MPLS RFCs RFC 3209 RSVP TE Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels RFC 3468 The Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS Working Group decision on MPLS signaling protocols RFC 4090 Fast ... Switching MPLS Label Switched Path LSP Establishment Using Resource ReserVation Protocol Traffic ... RSVP TE RFC 4920 Crankback Signaling Extensions for MPLS and GMPLS RSVP TE RFC 5151 Inter Domain MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering RSVP TE Extensions ... more details
Refimprove date October 2009 Yakov Rekhter was one of the leading architects and a major software developer of the NSFNET Backbone Phase II. He co designed the Border Gateway Protocol, the core routing protocol of the Internet BGP . He was also one of the lead designers of Tag Switching of which MPLS is one form , BGP MPLS based VPNs, and MPLS Traffic Engineering. Among his most recent activities is the work on MPLS Multicast, Multicast in VPLS , and Multicast in BGP MPLS VPNs aka 2547 VPNs . His other contributions to contemporary Internet technology include GMPLS , Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR and IP address allocation for Private network private Internets . He is the author or co author of 69 IETF RFCs, ref Cite web url http www.arkko.com tools rfcstats authactdistr.html title Distribution of authors according to how many documents they have author Jari Arkko accessdate 2009 10 12 ref and numerous papers and articles on TCP IP and the Internet. His recent books include MPLS Technology and Applications Morgan Kauffman, 2000 and Switching in IP Networks IP Switching, Tag Switching and Related Technologies Morgan Kauffman, 1998 . Rekhter joined Juniper Networks in Dec 2000, where he is a Juniper Fellow. Prior to joining Juniper, Yakov worked at Cisco Systems , where he was a Cisco Fellow. Prior to joining Cisco in 1995, he worked at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Rekhter, Yakov ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Computer scientist DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Rekhter, Yakov Category People in information technology Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category Internet pioneers ... more details
Multiple issues abbreviations December 2010 unreferenced December 2010 MToP stands for Mobile Transport over Packet and is a framework developed by Cisco for expanding the IP MPLS network of mobile operators from their core to their edge Radio layer. In this framework, the mobile operator will have an IP MPLS network which is being used for carrying all kinds of traffic in edge and core. One of the main issues for mobile operators is handling different technologies for use in different stages of their network evolution. In other words, the mobile operator has to deal with Time division multiplexing TDM , Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM , Frame Relay FR , and Ethernet technologies when using 2G , 2.5G , 3G , and Next Generation Networking NGN . Replacing the network infrastructure from TDM to FR to ATM to ... will force a lot of CAPEX and Operating expense OPEX . But with MToP in place, the operator can leverage the AToM capability of IP MPLS and build a general purpose transport network which can be used for any kind of transmission technology. In this framework, there will be pseudowires created inside the IP MPLS network and each PW will carry a different kind of traffic. For simpler cases, the operator can leverage VPLS instead and build an L2 broadcast domain across its MPLS network or it can implement L3 MPLS VPNs instead. Of course L3 VPNs can be used only when different edge sites are communicating over L3 protocols like Internet Protocol IP and not when these sites use L2 technologies for communication. DEFAULTSORT Mtop Category Mobile telecommunications standards ... more details
PLR may refer to Past life regression a technique that uses hypnosis to recover what most practitioners believe are memories of past lives or incarnations. Partito liberale radicale svizzero the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland Prime Rate Prime Lending Rate or Prime Rate a term applied in many countries to a reference interest rate used by banks Public Lending Right payment to authors for use of their works in public libraries Pulse link repeater a telecommunications device The ICAO airline designator for Northwestern Air The IATA code for St. Clair County Airport , Pell City, Alabama, United States MPLS local protection Point of local repair a term used in MPLS literature Private label rights an intellectual property right. Psycho Logical Records , an American record label PLR group, a common algebraic group studied in Neo Riemannian theory Packet Loss Ratio or PLR typically in Network Links like MPLS, etc. disambig de PLR it PLR nl PLR ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Orphan date November 2006 In MPLS , a label with the value of 1 represents the Router Alert Label . This label value is legal anywhere in the label stack except at the bottom. When a received packet contains this label value at the top of the label stack, it is delivered to a local software module for processing. The actual forwarding of the packet is determined by the label beneath it in the stack. However, if the packet is forwarded further, the Router Alert Label should be pushed back onto the label stack before forwarding. The use of this label is analogous to the use of the Router Alert Option in IP packets. Since this label cannot occur at the bottom of the stack, it is not associated with a particular network layer protocol. External links http www.cisco.com warp public 105 mpls faq 4649.shtml http www.zvon.org tmRFC RFC3032 Output index.html MPLS Label Stack Encoding RFC http www.zvon.org tmRFC RFC2113 Output index.html IP Router Alert Option RFC Category MPLS networking Category Internet standards Category Network protocols Category Tunneling protocols ... more details
IPstack Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 is an IETF standard related to Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol L2TP that can be used as an alternative protocol to Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS for encapsulation networking encapsulation of Multiprotocol Encapsulation multiprotocol Layer 2 communications traffic over Internet Protocol IP networks. Like L2TP, L2TPv3 provides a pseudo wire service, but scaled to fit carrier requirements. L2TPv3 can be regarded as being to MPLS what IP is to Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM a simplified version of the same concept, with much of the goodness achieved with a fraction of the effort, at the cost of losing some technical features considered less important in the market. In the case of L2TPv3, the features lost are teletraffic engineering features considered important in MPLS. The communications protocol protocol overhead of L2TPv3 is also significantly bigger than MPLS. However, there is no reason why these features could not be re engineered in or on top of L2TPv3 in later products. External links http www.ietf.org html.charters l2tpext charter.html IETF L2TPEXT working group http www.ripe.net ripe meetings ripe 42 presentations ripe42 eof pseudowires2 index.html RIPE presentation about L2TPv3 http tools.ietf.org html rfc3931 RFC 3931 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3 L2TPv3 http tools.ietf.org html rfc2661 RFC 2661 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol L2TP VPN Category Internet protocols de L2TPv3 fr Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 ... more details
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