In computer networking , per hop behaviour PHB is a term used in differentiated services DiffServ or multiprotocol label switching MPLS . It defines the policy and priority applied to a packet when traversing a hop such as a Router computing router in a DiffServ network. compu network stub Category Internet architecture ... more details
http www.isocore.com mpls2008 about bios.htm aggarwal MPLS 2008 Bio ref and has played a significant role in the development of MPLS and in particular multicast in MPLS and BGP VPNs. Career Rahul Aggarwal ... MPLS architect on the SE800 platform. ref name UMN Alumni Bio http www.cs.umn.edu external ... CAITR Bio ref While at Redback he co invented Point to multipoint MPLS RSVP TE. ref http ... MPLS TE was the stepping stone in MPLS Multicast development. Rahul Aggarwal joined Juniper Networks ... he is the Co Founder and CEO. He has significant innovations in the area of multicast in BGP MPLS VPNs ... MPLS VPNs ref http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml ... and RFCs in the areas of MPLS, IP Routing, VPNs and VPLS. ref http www.ietf.org rfc rfc5331.txt MPLS Upstream Label Assignment RFC RFC5331 ref ref http www.ietf.org rfc rfc5332.txt MPLS RFC5332 ref ...&r 12&f G&l 50&co1 AND&d PTXT&s1 Aggarwal.INNM.&OS IN Aggarwal&RS IN Aggarwal MPLS Patent 1 http ...&r 24&f G&l 50&co1 AND&d PTXT&s1 Aggarwal.INNM.&OS IN Aggarwal&RS IN Aggarwal MPLS Patent 2 Persondata ... with networking industry Category MPLS networking Category Internet standards Category Year ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 A Provider Edge router PE router is a router computing router between one computer network network service provider s area and areas administered by other network providers. A network provider is usually an Internet Service Provider as well or only that . The term PE router covers equipment capable of a broad range of routing Communications protocol protocol s, notably Border Gateway Protocol BGP Open Shortest Path First OSPF Multi protocol label switching Multi Protocol Label Switching MPLS PE routers need not be aware of what kind of traffic is coming from the provider s network. However, some PE routers also do labeling. See also CE Router DEFAULTSORT Pe Router Category Routers computing Category MPLS networking ... more details
A label switch router LSR sometimes called transit router , is a type of a Router computing router located in the middle of a Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS network. It is responsible for switching the labels used to route packet information technology packet s. When an LSR receives a packet, it uses the label included in the packet header as an index to determine the next hop on the Label Switched Path LSP and a corresponding label for the packet from a look up table . The old label is then removed from the header and replaced with the new label before the packet is routed forward. See also Label edge router References Zheng Wang 2001 , Internet QoS Architectures and Mechanisms for Quality of Service , Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ISBN 1 55860 608 4 Category MPLS networking compu network stub de Label Switch Router ... more details
FRR is a three letter acronym that can mean several things Federa ia Rom n de Radioamatorism , an amateur radio organization in Romania Fire resistive rated FRR construction MPLS local protection Fast ReRoute , a component of MPLS local protection False Rejection Rate, in biometric systems, measures the percent of valid inputs which are incorrectly rejected Falls Road Railroad in New York, U.S. Front Royal Warren County , the U.S. airport Flight Readiness Review, one of the design review s from NASA s engineering design life cycle FR R , ISO 3166 2 Code for the French Region of Pays de la Loire Forgiveness Rock Record , an album by Canadian indie rock band Broken Social Scene . disambig de FRR fr FRR it FRR ... more details
Virtual Leased Line VLL is a way to provide Ethernet based point to point communication over IP MPLS networks. The term Virtual Leased Line is also used to describe a point to point bonded connection using the Broadband Bonding technology. This implementation is bonding in layer4. In the industry, the technology is also referred to as Virtual Private Wire Service VPWS or EoMPLS Ethernet over MPLS . VLL uses the pseudo wire encapsulation for transporting Ethernet traffic over an MPLS tunnel across an IP MPLS backbone. Types of VLLs There are 5 types of VLLs Epipes Emulates a point to point Ethernet service. VLAN Virtual Local Area Network tagged Ethernet frames are supported. Interworking with other Layer 2 technologies is also supported. Apipes Emulates a point to point ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode service. Several subtypes are provided to support different ATM service types. Fpipes Emulates point to point Frame Relay circuit. Some features for Interworking with ATM are also supported. Ipipes Provides IP Interworking capabilities between different Layer 2 technologies. Cpipes Emulates a point to point time division multiplexing TDM circuit. See also Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private LAN Service External links http ietf.org html.charters l2vpn charter.html Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks l2vpn working group homepage http ietf.org html.charters pwe3 charter.html Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge pwe3 working group homepage Category MPLS networking Category Network protocols internet stub ... more details
. The IP MPLS approach aims at providing guaranteed services over the Internet Protocol ... place. To meet this challenge, common mainly IEEE 802.1ah Provider Backbone Transport PBT and T MPLS ... of scale inherent in Ethernet promising about 30 &ndash 40 cheaper solutions compared to T MPLS ... tmpls vs pbt.html The T MPLS vs. PBT debate ref making PBT a better overall return on investment. ref http www.lightwaveonline.com featured articles traffic engineering for ethernet pbt vs t mpls 53438082.html Traffic engineering for Ethernet PBT vs. T MPLS ref T MPLS Transport MPLS T MPLS , as its name implies, is a derivative of MPLS that renounces all MPLS signaling features and, like PBT, uses a centralized control plane to perform routing and traffic engineering. T MPLS is currently being ... MPLS derivative, T MPLS can be easily implemented over existing MPLS routers. However, T MPLS has .... T MPLS OAM, defined in ITU Y.1711, is different from MPLS OAM and lacks powerful management tools ... while reliably serving its committed CIR services. To achieve this PBB PBT and T MPLS approaches ... PBT and T MPLS, the amount of bandwidth available to a particular client greatly depends on the client ... MPLS networking Category Network topology ... more details
MPLS Networks RFC 4619 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Frame Relay over Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS Networks RFC 4720 Pseudowire Emulation Edge to Edge PWE3 Frame Check Sequence Retention RFC 4717 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM over MPLS Networks ... 5287 Control Protocol Extensions for the Setup of Time Division Multiplexing TDM Pseudowires in MPLS ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Constraint based Routing Label Distribution Protocol CR LDP is a control protocol used in some computer networks. As of February 2003, the IETF MPLS working group deprecated CR LDP and decided to focus purely on RSVP TE . It is an extension of the Label Distribution Protocol LDP , one of the protocols in the Multiprotocol Label Switching architecture. CR LDP contains extensions for LDP to extend its capabilities such as setup paths beyond what is available for the routing protocol. For instance, a Label Switched Path can be set up based on explicit route constraints, quality of service constraints, and other constraints. Constraint based routing CR is a mechanism used to meet traffic engineering telecommunications traffic engineering requirements. These requirements are met by extending LDP for support of constraint based routed label switched paths CR LSPs . Other uses for CR LSPs include MPLS based virtual private network s. CR LDP is almost same as basic LDP, in packet structure, but it contains some extra TLVs which basically set up the constraint based LSP. DEFAULTSORT Constraint Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol Category MPLS networking Category Network protocols Compu network stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Not to be confused with Private network Private IP address . PIP in telecommunications and datacommunications stands for Private Internet Protocol or Private IP . PIP refers to connectivity into a private extranet network which by its design emulates the functioning of the Internet . Specifically, the Internet uses a routing protocol called border gateway protocol BGP , as do most multiprotocol label switching MPLS networks. With this design, there is an ambiguity to the route that a packet can take while traversing the network. Wherein the Internet is a public offering, MPLS PIP networks are private. This lends a known, often used, and comfortable network design model for private implementation. Private IP removes the need for antiquated frame relay networks, and even more antiquated Point to point telecommunications point to point networks, with the service provider able to offer a private extranet to its customer at an affordable pricepoint. Category Network protocols mk Private IP ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 Fast reroute is a MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching resiliency technology to provide fast traffic recovery upon link or router failures for mission critical services. Upon any single link or node failures, it could be able to recover impacted traffic flows in the level of 50 ms. Industrial implementations can be seen in vendors such as Cisco , Juniper Networks Juniper , Alcatel Lucent etc. Methods of backup Backup path can be configured for 1. Link protection 2. Node protection Image Fast ReRoute.jpg left thumb 350px Link protection vs Node protection There are two methods to back up an LSP 1. One to One this method creates detour LSPs for each protected LSP at each potential point of local repair 2. Facility this method creates a bypass tunnel to protect a potential failure point References RFC 4090 Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP TE for LSP Tunnels DEFAULTSORT Fast Reroute Category MPLS networking ... more details
was adapted for use with set top box and Network Attached Storage units. In May 2009, IP MPLS Forum ... technologies. ref name history Technical work of IP MPLS Forum continued in a newly created IP MPLS and Core Working Group of the Broadband Forum. The historical specifications from the IP MPLS Forum s predecessors, ATM Forum , Frame Relay Forum, MFA Forum, and MPLS Forum, are archived on the Broadband Forum s website, under IP MPLS Forum specifications. Broadband Forum issued Femtocell Femto Access ... more details
The Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching GMPLS ref E. Mannie, Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching GMPLS architecture , RFC 3945, Oct. 2004, IETF. ref is a protocol suite extending MPLS to manage further classes of interfaces and switching technologies other than packet interfaces and switching, such as time division multiplex, layer 2 switch, wavelength switch and fiber switch. Differences between MPLS and GMPLS Generalized MPLS differs from traditional MPLS ref GMPLS RFC 3945 1.2. Multiple Types of Switching and Forwarding Hierarchies ref in that it supports multiple types of switching, i.e., the addition of support for TDM, wavelength, and fiber port switching. The support for the additional types of switching has driven GMPLS to extend certain base functions of traditional MPLS and, in some cases, to add functionality. These changes and additions impact basic LSP properties how labels are requested and communicated, the unidirectional nature of LSPs, how errors are propagated, and information provided for synchronizing the ingress and egress LSRs. How GMPLS works GMPLS is based on Generalized Labels. The Generalized Label is a label that can represent either a a single fiber in a bundle, b a single waveband within fiber, c a single wavelength within a waveband or fiber , or d a set of time slots within a wavelength or fiber . The Generalized Label can also carry a label that represents a generic MPLS label, a Frame Relay label, or an ATM label. GMPLS is composed of three main protocols Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic Engineering extensions RSVP TE signaling protocol. ref D. Awduche, L. Berger, D. Gan, T. Li, V. Srinivasan, and G. Swallow, RSVP TE Extensions to RSVP for LSP tunnels , RFC 3209, Dic. 2001, IETF. ref ref L. Berger, Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching GMPLS Signaling Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering RSVP TE Extensions , RFC 3473, Jan. 2003, IETF. ref Open Shortest Path First with Traffic Engineering exte ... more details
The ATM Forum was founded in 1991 to be the industry consortium to promote Asynchronous Transfer Mode technology used in telecommunication networks. It was a non profit international organization. The ATM Forum created over 200 implementation agreements. History ATM technology stabilized with the Anchorage Accord , which established the baseline of ATM implementations. While ATM did not live up to every expectation, it remained an important core network technology. The Frame Relay Forum promoting frame relay also started in 1991. The MPLS Forum which supported Multiprotocol Label Switching had begun in 2000. Those two merged in 2003 to become the MPLS and Frame Relay Alliance MFA . In 2005, the ATM Forum joined forces with the MFA to form the MFA Forum, which was re named to be the IP MPLS Forum. In May 2009 the IP MPLS Forum merged with the Broadband Forum . ref name history Cite web title About the Broadband Forum Forum History url http www.broadband forum.org about forumhistory.php accessdate September 24, 2011 ref Sampling of specifications ATM MPLS Network Interworking Multi Protocol Over ATM TM 4.1 User Network Interface B ICI ANNI PNNI Frame based ATM ILMI 622.08 Mbit s physical layer Inverse ATM Mux Circuit Emulation Service ATM Security Framework Circuit Emulation Service A widely adopted specification to emerge from the ATM Forum was the Circuit Emulation Service specification CES . This specification defined a method of creating a service out of mapping Time division multiplexing TDM Digital Signal 0 DS0 and Digital Signal 1 DS1 E1 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH signals into Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM cells. It also supported J2 and DS 3 signals. The service was built around the ATM Adaptation Layers ATM Adaption Layer 1 specification from the International Telecommunication Union ITU . The 1.0 version was approved about 1995 and the 2.0 version was approved in January 1997. ref http broadband forum.org ftp pub approved specs af vtoa 0078.000.pd ... more details
ref name rfc3468 RFC 3468, http www.ietf.org rfc rfc3468.txt The Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS Working Group decision on MPLS signaling protocols ref February 2003 and IETF GMPLS working group decided ... Mark 20Vanderhaegen.pdf From MPLS to GMPLS pdf Dead link date March 2011 http www.itea2.org ... MPLS networking fr Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching sv GMPLS ... more details
cases is an existing Internet Protocol IP Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS backbone, but may migrate ... Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS or Ethernet over DWDM . Pure Ethernet based deployments are cheap ... imposed by the SDH network. MPLS based deployments are costly but highly reliable and scalable, and are typically ... Network may include transport technologies MPLS, PBB TE and T MPLS, each with its own resiliency and management solutions. A Core Network often uses IP MPLS to connect different Metro networks together ... SDH and MPLS approaches. The recovery time for the standard spanning tree protocol is in the range of tens ... networks the fragility in this network design can be overcome without the additional expense of MPLS ... advanced knowledge of IP and related protocols, such as BGP and MPLS, which are necessary for an MPLS ... and above, traffic is aggregated and routed using an MPLS based Metro Ethernet design. In very large networks MPLS may be unavoidable, but with careful network design, the use of both PBT and MPLS and their associated ... significant modular network, more expensive services such as MPLS and PBT can be postponed .... MPLS based Ethernet MANs An Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS based Metro Ethernet network uses MPLS in the Service Provider s Network. The subscriber will get an Ethernet interface on Copper ex 100BASE TX or fiber ex 100BASE FX . The customer s Ethernet packet is transported over MPLS and the service provider network uses Ethernet again as the underlying technology to transport MPLS. So, it is Ethernet over MPLS over Ethernet. Here, Label Distribution Protocol Label Distribution Protocol .... One of the restoration mechanisms used in an MPLS based Metro Ethernet Networks is Fast ReRoute FRR to achieve sub 50ms convergence of MPLS local protection . For each deployment situation the benefit versus cost of MPLS must be weighed carefully, so if not implemented on a carrier s distribution network there might be more benefit for MPLS the core network. In some situations the cost may not warrant ... more details
orphan date June 2010 Infobox Company company name OTEGLOBE company type Public company Public foundation October 2000 company logo Image Oteglobe logo.png 250px location Athens , Greece key people Dino Andreou, CEO area served South Eastern Europe industry Telecommunications products National and international telecommunications services, br Broadband and internet services, br IT and Network Solutions homepage http www.oteglobe.gr www.oteglobe.gr OTEGLOBE is an Athens based network backbone operator offering telecommunication services to carriers, ISPs and business customers in Southern Europe. The organisation is a whole owned subsidiary of OTE , the main Greek telecommunications provider. Network OTEGLOBE operates 2 wide area networks that form the south eastern European Internet backbone GWEN Greek Western European Network and TBN Trans Balkan Network as well as an IP MPLS network. GWEN is a private multi gigabit network based on DWDM Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH connecting Greece to major European backbone services via Italy . It is composed of 4 rings Greek inner ring, undersea ring, Italian ring and West European ring . TBN forms a land based backbone network linking Greece to the west European backbones via Bulgaria , Romania , Hungary , Austria and the Czech Republic to the main backbone centres in Germany and the United Kingdom . The TBN is used standalone or as a backup service to GWEN. IP MPLS Network. Based on Multi Services Platform MSP , a private, state of the art international IP MPLS network with high redundancy and resiliency, as well as on numerous peering interconnect agreements with other global carriers, OTEGLOBE offers its customers a variety of transport and connectivity services available internationally at 14 business centers. Services OTEGLOBE offer a number of wholesale telecommunication services to high capacity carriers and multi site organisations Capacity services via the GWEN and TBN wide area networks Data IP services Voice se ... more details
across a Multi protocol Label Switching MPLS backbone as the inherent labelling of packets in MPLS ... to maintain and support an MPLS environment. References reflist External links http techsansar.com ... cpus part 22 VRF with fast path on multicore CPUs Category MPLS networking ... more details
Transparent LAN Service is a service from a Telephone company carrier linking together remote Ethernet networks. It is called transparent because the connected networks are viewed as one contiguous network by the customer, regardless of the deployed technology by the carrier in between. Its primary real world deployment is usually limited to corporations who 1 require remote office or back end data center connectivity at close to LAN speed, and 2 do not have in house expertise in Wide area network WAN management, as TLS is usually purchased as a fully managed service meaning the carrier chosen owns, configures, monitors, and maintains the equipment needed for the service to function . The availability of TLS service depends on the carrier s underlying network architecture. In most cases, it is only available in large metropolitan areas and office buildings, campuses, or data centers large enough to warrant the proper equipment. Transparent LAN service between two sites has been successful, but multipoint transparent LANs have been problematic due to the difference in architecture between the broadcast based Ethernet and the carrier s Point to point communication telecommunications point to point network. The VPLS a type of VPN standard was developed to resolve the problem using Internet Protocol IP and MPLS routers. References References div class references small http www.riverstonenet.com support mpls Transparent 20LAN 20Services 20 20TLS.htm Transparent LAN Services http www.techweb.com encyclopedia defineterm.jhtml?term transparentLANservice TLS definition at the TechEncyclopedia div Category Ethernet Category Data transmission ... more details
about a magazine publisher the bank MetroCorp Bancshares Metrocorp Marketing is a Mass media media conglomerate in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania that publishes lifestyle magazines in numerous regions across the United States . Metrocorp sometimes rendered in camel case as MetroCorp publishes the following magazine titles Austin Monthly Baltimore Magazine Baltimore Boston Magazine Boston Boston Magazine Ancillary publications Concierge Colorado Expression Connecticut Magazine Connecticut D Magazine D Dallas Fort Worth Diablo Magazine Diablo East Bay San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco East Bay Boston Magazine Ancillary publications Elegant Wedding Boston Magazine Ancillary publications Home & Garden Hour Detroit HTexas Las Vegas Life Jezebel magazine Jezebel Atlanta Mpls St. Paul magazine Mpls St. Paul Boston magazine Ancillary publications New England Travel & Life Philadelphia magazine Philadelphia Phoenix US magazine Phoenix Portland Monthly Rhode Island Monthly Sacramento Magazine Sacramento Seattle Magazine Seattle Metrocorp grew out of the company that has published Philadelphia magazine since 1946. It acquired Boston magazine in 1971 and acquired or started other publications more recently. At one point it acquired, but has since sold, ownership of Boston s Weekly Dig The Dig . Category Magazine companies of the United States Category Publishing companies established in 1946 ... more details
ad date December 2011 Masergy Communications, Inc. MASERGY Infobox company name Masergy Communications, Inc. logo Image Masergy Logo tag A small.png 200px MASERGY logo foundation 2000 location http www.masergy.com contact us U.S. Plano, Texas br http www.masergy.com contact us U.K. London num employees 150 As of 2010 lc on industry Telecommunications br Markets medium to large enterprises homepage http www.masergy.com www.masergy.com MASERGY provides secure virtualized network solutions to large corporate enterprises that have multiple locations around the globe. Serving customers throughout the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, MASERGY leverages advanced transport technologies with real time visibility and control to deliver global Ethernet services across a native MPLS network. The company pioneered customer controlled network services and the delivery of multiple services over a single network connection. MASERGY s customers include companies from the financial banking, healthcare, entertainment broadcasting, hospitality hotels and manufacturing industries. ref http investing.businessweek.com research stocks private snapshot.asp?privcapId 604428 Diversified Communications Services Masergy Communications, Inc. . Business Week 2010 ref References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Categories Category MPLS networking ... more details
LIB may refer to Let It Be , The twelfth and final album by The Beatles . Let It Be disambiguation Let It Bleed , an album by The Rolling Stones Let It Bleed disambiguation Lebanon Label Information Base , a table used by IP MPLS capable routers to find labels to be pushed The Microsoft Library Manager, used to create .LIB and .EXP files from .DEF files L vizja p r Integrim dhe Bashkim Movement for Integration and Unification Nassau Inter County Express , formerly Long Island Bus See also Lib disambiguation dab eo LIB fr LIB it LIB lv LIB ja ... more details
Adrian Farrel is one of two Routing Area Directors in the IETF . ref name ietf IETF home page, http www.ietf.org IETF ref He is sponsored for this activity by Juniper Networks . Formerly he was co chair of three IETF working group s, namely CCAMP , ref name ccamp IETF s Working Group, http www.ietf.org html.charters ccamp charter.html Common Control and Measurement Plane ccamp ref PCE ref name pce IETF s Working Group, http www.ietf.org html.charters pce charter.html Path Computation Element pce ref and L1VPN , ref name l1VPN IETF s Working Group http www3.ietf.org html.charters l1vpn charter.html Layer 1 Virtual Private Networks l1vpn ref which are responsible for developing GMPLS and MPLS related standards. He has also co edited a special edition of the IEEE Communications Society IEEE Communications Magazine on GMPLS and is the author of a number of books. ref http www.amazon.com s ?search alias stripbooks&field author Adrian 20Farrel Amazon index for Adrian Farrel ref He was a founder of Aria Networks Ltd., ref http aria networks.com Aria Networks ref who manufacture sophisticated, next generation network modeling, path computation, and optimization tools for MPLS , GMPLS , and Internet Protocol IP networks, and served as their Chief Technology Officer for two years. He also runs a consulting company ref http www.olddog.co.uk Old Dog Consulting ref specializing in MPLS and GMPLS . Previously he was an MPLS architect and development manager at software house Data Connection Ltd., and director of protocol development for Movaz Networks Inc. He is also author of many Request for Comments RFCs , ref name ccamp ref name pce ref name l1VPN Internet draft s, ref name ccamp ref name pce ref name l1VPN guest editorials ref name IEEEComMag http www.comsoc.org livepubs ci1 public 2005 jul ciguest morrow.html IEEE Communication Magazine July 2005 Vol.43 No.7 ref and research papers. ref name IEEEComMag Oct 2007 http www star.stanford.edu uzmi publications 2007 10 CommMag.pd ... more details
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