Infobox disease Name Malingering ICD10 Z76.5 ICD9 ICD9 V65.2 MeshID D008306 Wiktionary Malingering is a medicine medical term that refers to fabricating or exaggerating the symptoms of mental disorder mental or physical disorder physical disorders for a variety of secondary gain motives, which may include financial compensation often tied to fraud avoiding school, work or military service obtaining drugs getting lighter criminal sentences or simply to attract attention or sympathy. Malingering is different from somatization disorder and factitious disorder . ref name Rogers3 R. Rogers Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception 3rd Edition, Guilford, 2008. ISBN 1 59385 699 7 ref Failure to detect actual cases of malingering imposes a substantial economic burden on the health care system, and false attribution of malingering imposes a substantial burden of suffering on a significant proportion of the patient population. ref name Garriga http www.psychiatrictimes.com display article 10168 55286 Malingering in the Clinical Setting Garriga, Psychiatric Times. Vol. 24 No. 3, 2007 ref ref name Shapiro1998 cite journal last1 Shapiro first1 AP last2 Teasell first2 RW last3 first3 title Misdiagnosis of chronic pain as hysteria and malingering journal Current Pain and Headache Reports year 1998 month March volume 2 issue 1 pages 19 28 pmid doi 10.1007 s11916 998 0059 5 url http resources.metapress.com ... 3.7 . ref Malingering has been recorded historically as early as Roman times by the physician Galen ... an injured knee to avoid accompanying his master on a long journey. ref Galen on Malingering, Centaurs ... 379 380. ref Because malingering was widespread throughout the Soviet Union to escape sanctions or coercion ... BE, Feldman MD title Malingering in the medical setting journal Psychiatr Clin North Am volume 30 issue 4 pages 645 62 year 2007 doi 10.1016 j.psc.2007.07.007 pmid 17938038 ref Impact on society Malingering is an offense in the United States military . ref cite journal title Article 115 Malingering ... more details
the associated penalties. ref cite book editor R. Rogers title Clinical assessment of malingering ..., J. W. chapter Malingering of posttraumatic disorders edition 3rd pages 109 127 ISBN 978 1 59385 699 ... test instruments have been investigated for PTSD malingering detection ability, but have not approached ... more details
Other people Richard Rogers Multiple issues BLP sources February 2010 orphan November 2007 Notability bio date February 2010 Richard Rogers , Ph.D., ABPP is a Professor of Psychology at the University of North Texas , and an author of books on Forensic psychology , including Clinical psychology Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception ref name malinger cite book first Richard last Rogers year 1997 title Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception edition publisher Guilford Press location pages isbn 1 57230 173 2 ref and Conducting Insanity Evaluations . ref cite book first Richard last Rogers year 1986 title Conducting Insanity Evaluations edition publisher Van Nostrand Reinhold location New York pages isbn 0 442 27945 0 ref He has received many national awards including the 2004 2005 Toulouse Scholars Award. ref cite web year month url http www.coba.unt.edu news view.php? 2007 09 11 dr victor prybutok receives the toulouse scholars award for 2007 08 title Toulous Scholars Award listings publisher University of North Texas accessdate 2007 09 15 ref Footnotes Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Rogers, Richard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Rogers, Richard Category Forensic psychologists Category American psychologists Category Living people psych stub ... more details
the sentencing guidelines. Thus, the enhancement for obstruction of justice for malingering feigning ... of malingering is particularly problematic as there is no ultimate test, and such diagnoses boil down ... any extraordinary ability to detect malingering. ref name garymelton cite book first Gary last ... more details
For the US case of Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy of Wendi Scott b. 1975 Wendi Scott Wendy Scott 1948, Wemyss , Scotland October 14, 1999, London was considered one of the most notable cases of M nchausen syndrome on record, in part because of the severity of her condition and in part because she is a rare case of complete recovery from the syndrome, which many doctors consider untreatable. References http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9F02EED8113FF933A15754C0A96F958260 A Great Pretender Now Faces the Truth of Illness , New York Times, July 20, 1999 http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi health 485320.stm Woman who cried wolf dies of cancer , BBC News, October 25, 1999 http www.munchausen.com Dr. Marc Feldman s Munchausen Syndrome, Malingering, Factitious Disorder, & Munchausen by Proxy Page Categories Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Scott, Wendy ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1948 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH October 14, 1999 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Scott, Wendy Category Factitious disorders Category 1948 births Category 1999 deaths ... more details
accessdate 2009 09 14 last Elwyn first Todd S ref This is in contrast to malingering , in which ... situation, such as military duty. Factitious disorder and malingering cannot be diagnosed in the same ... is considered a mental disorder, while malingering is not. ref name Malingering cite web url http emedicine.medscape.com article 293206 overview title Malingering accessdate 2009 11 14 last Bienenfeld ... for personal gain as in the case of malingering sentiments. When the individual applies this pretended ... answers to simple questions. The syndrome is sometimes diagnosed as merely malingering however, it is more ..., Malingering and Factitious Disorder publisher Brunner Routledge year 2004 location id ISBN 415 ... more details
Primary gain or secondary gain are used in medicine to describe the significant psychological motivation motivators patients may have in reporting symptoms. Primary gain produces positive internal motivations. For example, a patient might feel guilty about being unable to perform some task. If he has a medical condition justifying his inability, he might not feel so bad. Primary gain can be a component of any disease, but is most dramatically demonstrated in conversion disorder a psychiatric disorder in which stressors manifest themselves as physical symptoms without organic causes, such as a person who becomes blindly inactive after seeing a murder . The gain may not be particularly evident to an outside observer. Secondary gain can also be a component of any disease, but is an external motivator. If a patient s disease allows him her to miss work, gains him her sympathy, or avoids a jail sentence, these would be examples of secondary gain. These may, but need not be, recognized by the patient. If he she is deliberately exaggerating symptoms for personal gain, then he she is malingering . However, secondary gain may simply be an unconscious psychological component of symptoms and other personalities. In the context of a person with a significant mental or psychiatric disability, this effect is sometimes called secondary handicap . ref Jones, Robert, Carmel Harrison, and Melany Ball. Secondary Handicap & Learning Disability A Component Analysis. Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , 2008, 5, 300 311. ref Tertiary gain , a less well studied process, is when a third party such as a relative or friend is motivated to gain sympathy or other benefits from the illness of the victim. References DSM IV TR references Category Mental and behavioural disorders Mental health stub de Krankheitsgewinn pt Ganho secund rio ... more details
for the claims of an association between Waddell signs and secondary gain and malingering. The preponderance ... Between Nonorganic Physical Findings Waddell Signs and Secondary Gain Malingering? journal ... have stressed, do not indicate faking or malingering but rather that there are psychosocial issues that mitigate ... more details
A revier abbreviated from German Krankenrevier , or sick bay , dispensary in the Language of Nazi concentration camps language of Nazi camps was a barrack for sick Nazi concentration camp concentration camp inmates. Most of the medical personnel were inmates themselves. The conditions in reviers varied drastically depending on the type of the camp. The German word Revier literally translates as a defined area or territory. In the everyday language it does not have any relation with concentration camps, but it is used to define Territory animal animal territory or a working area. The Ruhr Area is often nicknamed Revier as well. Extermination camps In extermination camp s as well as in many labor camp s, where extermination through labor was practiced the idea of revier was immediately associated with death in many respects. Death was to be expected immediately upon entrance to a revier An insufficiently sick person could be classified as Malingering malingerer , who is avoiding labor. The penalty was death. Even being admitted into the revier gave little hope while the medical personnel could have highly qualified doctors inmates , they could not offer any help beyond very basic first aid The supply of medicine was very limited. In addition, rations for sick were lower than for the inmates who could work and no hygiene was maintained. Finally, at any moment the residents of a revier were subject to extermination for various reasons e.g. a threat of an epidemy , due to overcrowding or deemed incurably sick . References Oliver Lustig , Dic ionar de lag r , Bucharest , Cartea Rom neasc , 1982 Bucharest, Hasefer, 2002 ISBN 973 630 011 0 http isurvived.org Lustig Oliver CCDictionary CCD 11 NPR.html B11 English translation online Category Terminology of Nazi concentration camps fr Revier ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date April 2010 Streff Syndrome is a vision condition primarily exhibited by children under periods of visual or emotional stress. Frequently patients will have reduced stereopsis , large accommodative lag on dynamic retinoscopy , and a reduced visual field tubular or spiral field . Streff Syndrome was first described in 1962 by an optometrist, Dr. John Streff as Non malingering Syndrome. In 1962, Dr. Streff and Dr. Richard Apell expanded the concept to add Early Adaptive Syndrome as a precursor to Streff Syndrome. Dr. Streff believed the visual changes were induced by stress from reading. There is dispute on the taxonomy of functional vision defects. Some research indicates that Streff Syndrome may be caused by a dysfunction in the magnocellular pathway of the retinal ganglion cells. ref name Nimesh Nimesh P. The use of frequency doubling technology to determine magnocellular pathway deficiencies. Journal of Behavioral Optometry, Volume 15. Number 2, 2005 ref These cells are only 10 of the retinal nerve cells and register motion detection. http www.optometry.umsl.edu ce apellstreff.html Early Adaptive Syndrome Notes Most optometrists agree that Streff Syndrome is a generalized reduction in visual performance that is not caused by disease. The poor visual performance is strictly psychological, and treatments are usually to provide the patient with low powered reading glasses. The relaxing nature of reading glasses is believed to, over time, teach the stressed visual system to calm down, relax , and visual performance usually returns to normal. Patients may also benefit from appropriate psychological therapy or medications. Notes references Category Pediatrics Category Syndromes medicine stub ... more details
Reflex Test for Malingering Contribution la Sem iologie de la Surdit e, Un Noveau Signe pour ... malingering by simulated hearing loss It underlies research into Intelligibility communication speech ... more details
system are eight fold Evaluation of possible malingering Assessment of mental state for insanity plea ... about malingering or feigning illness in a non criminal clinical setting, a forensic psychologist must be able to recognize exaggerated or faked symptoms. Malingering exists on a continuum so the forensic ... url http www.all about forensic psychology.com malingering.html title Addressing The Issue of Malingering ... evaluations, medical records and other available pertinent information. ref name shapiro1984 Malingering An overriding issue in any type of forensic assessment is the issue of malingering and deception .... The forensic psychologist must always keep this possibility in mind. It is important if malingering ... title Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception edition publisher Guilford Press location pages isbn 1 57230 173 2 ref In some cases, the court views malingering or feigning illness as obstruction of justice and sentences the defendant accordingly. In United States v. Binion , malingering ... s ability to be rehabilitated. They are also asked questions of witness credibility and malingering ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced November 2009 expert subject November 2008 cleanup November 2007 Drop attacks are sudden spontaneous falls while Standing position standing or walking , followed by a very swift recovery, within seconds or minutes. See also Atonic seizure Causes Drop attacks are typically seen in elderly patients, and the most common cause is carotid sinus hypersensitivity, resulting in either short periods of reversible asystole , or in marked drop in blood pressure in response to carotid sinus stimulation. Other causes include the following vascular transient ischemic attack , cerebrovascular accident , dissection, occlusion, hemorrhage intracranial hematoma posterior circulation infarction , emboli, vasospasm bilateral anterior circulation occlusion migraine accompagnee develop over 1hr with assoc paresthesia , HA basilar artery insuff older pt with no LOC, transient loss of LE tone epilepsy paroxysmal neurally mediated syncope 75 of all causes Atonic seizure Lennox Gastaut syndrome atonic, myoclonic, GTC typically in neuro abnormal pt Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy fall with myoclonus cataplexy associated with narcolepsy periodic paralyses complex partial seizure breath holding spells associate pallor cyanosis , emotional aspect pure autonomic failure Riley Day , long standing DM episodic ataxia Panayiotopoulos syndrome degenerative postural instability with Parkinsons structural chronic odontoid instability spinal cord trauma with transient paraplegia brainstem mass metabolic hypoglycemia , hypocalcemia , Hypomagnesemia toxins , drugs cocaine , sedatives , antihistamine , TCA cardiac prolonged QT, tachycardia , bradycardia , sick sinus syndrome , Cardiac arrhythmia arrhythmia , IHSS. AS hypovolemia psychiatric malingering, conversion, panic , anxiety labyrinth hydrops an overflow of endolymph in ear labyrinth causes distortions and breaks see also M ni re s syndrome Diagnosis important if there was an inciting event NMS, bre ... more details
2nd ed. . Los Angeles Sage Publications. ref as well as a means of malingering magnifying small injuries or discomforts as an excuse to malingering avoid responsibilities . ref name Rogers3 R. Rogers Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception 3rd Edition, Guilford, 2008. ISBN 1 59385 699 7 ref ..., EM Condit, DC Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration. Journal of Clinical and Experimental ... more details
, assessment, malingering, diagnosis, treatment, PTSD, chronic pain, TBI, disability, return to work ..., are also essential to practice in the area of psychological injury and law. Assessment and Malingering ... that assess various signs of psychological injuries, and many are sensitive to malingering conscious ... of malingering and deception 3rd ed. . New York Guilford Press. ISBN 1593856997. ref . For example, rather than engaging in malingering, a complainant might be exaggerating excessively, or catastrophizing ..., N. W. Eds. . 2011 . Special issue Malingering Special Topic Part 1 . Psychological Injury and Law ... for their definition, validity, and usefulness in court, and for their ease in feigning or malingering ... to use the most appropriate tests available for detecting feigning, malingering, and related response ... e.g., the TOMM Tombaugh, 1996 ref Tombaugh, T. N. 1996 . Test of memory malingering. Tonawonda, NY ... Civil law common law Psychological Assessment Malingering Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ... more details
of conscious malingering fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives or factitious .... The symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned as in factitious disorder or malingering . See ... more details
Abdominal guarding is the tensing of the abdominal muscles abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon them. The tensing is detected when the abdominal wall is pressed. ref http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 7200 Abdominal guarding definition Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms Bot generated title ref Abdominal guarding is also known as d fense musculaire . Guarding is a characteristic finding in the physical examination for an abruptly painful abdomen an acute abdomen with inflammation of the inner abdominal peritoneal surface due, for example, to appendicitis or diverticulitis . The tensed muscles of the abdominal wall automatically go into spasm to keep the tender underlying tissues from being disturbed. ref http www.medicineonline.com articles a 2 abdominal guarding abdominal rigidity.html Abdominal Guarding Abdominal Rigidity on Medicine Online Medical Articles ref Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Appendicitis Pancreatitis Diverticulitis Abdominal wall strain injury Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease Ectopic pregnancy Septic miscarriage See Miscarriage Bowel obstruction Ileus Pneumonia Dyspepsia Nephrolithiasis Perforated Peptic ulcer disease Abdominal aortic aneurysm Anxiety Malingering Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis SBP Mesenteric ischemia GERD Ovarian cyst Hepatic or splenic contusion laceration Pneumoperitoneum secondary to abdominal trauma Urinary tract infection pyelonephritis Zoster Skin lesions may not be visible until another day or two Insect toxins e.g. black widow spider Abscess e.g. iliopsoas Incarcerated hernia Abdominal migraine Intussusception medical disorder Intussusception Volvulus Physical Examination Laboratory Findings Complete blood count CBC Blood urea nitrogen BUN creatinine Liver function tests LFTs Glucose Amylase lipase Urine culture Urinalysis Beta human chorionic gonadotropin beta hCG Cervic ... more details
Multiple issues wikify October 2011 orphan October 2011 The Trauma Symptom Inventory TSI is a Psychological evaluation assessment instrument that taps symptoms of Posttraumatic stress disorder and other posttraumatic emotional problems. It was originally published in 1995 ref cite book title Trauma Symptom Inventory professional manual year 1995 publisher Psychological Assessment Resources. last Briere, J. ref by its developer, John Briere. It is one of the most widely used measures of posttraumatic symptomatology. ref cite journal last Elhai, J. D., Gray, M. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Franklin, C. L. title Which instruments are most commonly used to assess traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic effects? A survey of traumatic stress professionals journal Journal of Traumatic Stress volume 18 pages 541 545 doi 10.1002 jts.20062 pmid 16281252 ref The TSI is relatively unique in comparison to other measures of posttraumatic symptomatology, in that it is a multi scale instrument, including 10 scales of various forms of clinical psychopathology related to psychological trauma. Also unique, it has three validity scales in order to assess the trauma victim s test taking attitude, such as overreporting, underreporting and inconsistency however, research demonstrates that the TSI does not achieve excellent accuracy in detecting the Malingering of posttraumatic stress disorder from genuine PTSD. ref cite journal last Elhai, J. D., Gray, M. J., Naifeh, J. A., Butcher, J. J., Davis, J. L., Falsetti, S. A., & Best, C. L. title Utility of the Trauma Symptom Inventory s Atypical Response Scale in detecting malingered post traumatic stress disorder journal Assessment volume 12 pages 210 219 doi 10.1177 1073191105275456 pmid 15914722 ref Original psychometric data on the TSI demonstrated adequate internal consistency alphas ranging from .84 to .87 . ref cite journal last Briere, J., Elliott, D. M., Harris, K., & Cotman, A. title Trauma Symptom Inventory Psychometrics and association ... more details
Dablink For feigned mental illness, see Malingering . Infobox disease Name Factitious disorders CSG. Image Caption DiseasesDB 8459 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 33167 ICD10 ICD10 F 68 1 f 60 ICD9 ICD9 301.51 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3543 eMedicine mult EMedicine2 emerg 322 EMedicine2 emerg 830 MeshID D009110 M nchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder psychiatric factitious disorder wherein those affected feign disease , illness, or psychological trauma to draw attention or sympathy to themselves. It is also sometimes known as hospital addiction syndrome or hospital hopper syndrome . Nurses and doctors sometimes refer to them as frequent flyers , because they return to the hospital just as frequent flyers return to the airport. However, there is discussion to reclassify them as somatoform disorder in the DSM 5 as it is unclear whether or not people are conscious of drawing attention to themselves. ref Cite journal author Krahn LE, Bostwick JM, Stonnington CM title Looking toward DSM V should factitious disorder become a subtype of somatoform disorder? journal Psychosomatics volume 49 issue 4 pages 277 82 year 2008 pmid 18621932 doi 10.1176 appi.psy.49.4.277 url ref M nchausen syndrome is related to M nchausen syndrome by proxy MSbP MSP , which refers to the physical abuse abuse of another being, typically a child, in order to seek attention or sympathy for the abuser. Description In M nchausen syndrome, the affected person exaggerates or creates symptom s of illness es in themselves to gain investigation, treatment, attention, sympathy, and comfort from medical personnel. In some extreme cases, people suffering from M nchausen s syndrome are highly knowledgeable about the practice of medicine and are able to produce symptoms that result in lengthy ... syndrome, M nchausen by proxy, malingering & factitious disorder publisher Brunner Routledge ... Syndrome, Malingering, Factitious Disorder, & M nchausen by Proxy Page Page offering information ... more details
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