two other uses the vertebrate jawbone the human jawbone human mandible File Baltic sperm whale mandible .jpg thumb right Sperm whale mandible In vertebrates, the mandible , lower jaw or jawbone ref The mandible is also in some sources still referred to as the inferior maxillary bone , though this is an outdated term which goes back to at least the 1858 first edition of Gray s Anatomy , if not earlier. ref is a bone forming the skull with the cranium. In lobe finned fish es and the early fossil tetrapod s, the bone homology biology homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. ref name VB cite book author Romer, Alfred Sherwood author2 Parsons, Thomas S. year 1977 title The Vertebrate Body publisher Holt Saunders International location Philadelphia, PA pages 244 247 isbn 0 03 910284 X ref This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleost s, only the dentary, articular ... disappeared, leaving an enlarged dentary as the only remaining bone in the lower jaw the mandible ... been lost, and replaced with an entirely new articulation between the mandible and the temporal bone ... pl uchwa pt Mand bula ro Mandibula qu K aki tullu ru sq Nofulla e poshtme simple Mandible ... more details
The mandible is the lower jawbone of a vertebrate animal. Mandible may also refer to Mandible arthropod mouthpart , one of several mouthparts in arthropods Mandible insect mouthpart , one of several mouthparts in insects Human mandible , the lower jawbone in humans See also Mandibular disambiguation Disambig de Mandibel ... more details
This article is about the human jawbone. For the other mandibles, see Mandible . Infobox Bone Name Mandible Latin mandibula GraySubject 44 GrayPage 172 Image Gray176.png Caption Mandible. Lateral surface. Side view Image2 Gray177.png Caption2 Mandible. Medial surface. Side view Precursor 1st branchial arch ref EmbryologyUNC hednk 023 ref Origins Insertions Articulations MeshName Mandible MeshNumber The mandible ref http www.merriam webster.com audio.php?file mandib01&word mandible&text 5C 3Cspan 20class 3D 22unicode 22 3E CB 88 3C 2Fspan 3Eman d C9 99 b C9 99l 5C Mandible on www.merriam webster.com ... and holds the lower tooth teeth in place. The term mandible also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beak s of bird s in this case the lower mandible corresponds to the mandible of humans, while the upper mandible is functionally equivalent to the human maxilla but mainly consists of the premaxilla ... . Components The mandible consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body . See body of mandible ... angles. See ramus mandibulae Alveolar process, the tooth bearing area of the mandible upper part of the body of the mandible Condyloid process Condyle , superior upper and posterior projection from the ramus, which makes the temporomandibular joint with the temporal bone Coronoid process of the mandible ... of the mandible, superior to the mandibular angle in the middle of the ramus. Mental foramen, paired, lateral to the mental protuberance on the body of mandible. Nerves File Panoramicfilm.JPG 450px thumb right A panoramic radiographic reveals the mandible, including the heads and necks of the mandibular condyles , the coronoid process es of the mandible, as well as the nasal antrum and the maxillary .... The incisive nerve runs forward in the mandible and supplies the anterior teeth. The mental nerve exits the mental foramen and supplies sensation to the lower lip. Articulations The mandible articulates ... The mandible may be dislocated anteriorly to the front and inferiorly downwards but very rarely posteriorly ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin angulus mandibulae GraySubject 44 GrayPage 174 Image Gray176.png Caption Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. Angle labeled at bottom right. Lateral surface. Image2 Gray177.png Caption2 Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. Angle visible but not labeled. Medial surface. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 42 DorlandsSuf 12136293 At the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible , which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus internus medially the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the angle between these muscles. See also Ohngren s line Additional images gallery Image Gray383.png The Pterygoidei the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Angle of mandible NormanAnatomy lesson4 SUNYAnatomyLabs 34 st 02 02 Oral Cavity Bones RocheLexicon 34256.000 2 PSUAnatomy skel mandible2 Gray s musculoskeletal stub Facial bones Category Bones of the head and neck hu Angulus mandibulae ... more details
Infobox Bone Name Ramus of the mandible Latin ramus mandibulae GraySubject 44 GrayPage 173 Image Gray176.png Caption Human mandibleMandible . Outer surface. Side view Image2 Gray177.png Caption2 Mandible. Inner surface. Side view Origins Insertions Articulations MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 02 DorlandsSuf 12690707 The wikt ramus ramus of the Human mandiblemandible perpendicular portion is quadrilateral in shape , and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. Surfaces The lateral surface is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part it gives attachment throughout nearly the whole of its extent to the Masseter muscle masseter . The medial surface presents about its center the oblique mandibular foramen , for the entrance of the inferior alveolar vessels and inferior alveolar nerve nerve . The margin of this opening is irregular it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the Lingula of mandible lingula mandibulae , which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve. Behind this groove is a rough surface, for the insertion of the internal pterygoid muscle Pterygoideus internus . The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the Dental alveolus alveoli and communicates with them by small ... two thirds of the bone the canal is situated nearer the internal surface of the mandible and in the anterior ... border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked ... concavity, the mandibular notch. Processes The coronoid process of the mandible coronoid process ... of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. gallery External links NormanAnatomy lesson1 ... DEFAULTSORT Ramus Of The Mandible Category Bones of the head and neck pt Ramo da mand bula ... more details
Infobox fossil img Peninj3.jpg catalog number common name Peninj mandible species Paranthropus boisei age 1.5 mya place discovered Peninj , Tanzania date discovered 1964 discovered by Richard Leakey The Peninj Mandible is the fossilized lower jaw and teeth of the species Paranthropus boisei . It was discovered in Peninj , Tanzania by Richard Leakey in 1964. It is estimated to be 1.5 million years old. Its characteristics are a heavy build with large molars and small incisors. References cite web title Images of Peninj Mandible url http www.mnh.si.edu anthro humanorigins ha penj.html accessdate 2006 07 12 See also List of fossil sites with link directory List of hominina fossils List of hominina hominid fossils with images Category Specific fossil specimens Category Hominin fossils paleo stub ... more details
image Gray178.png thumb Figure 3 Mandible of human embryo 24 mm. long. Outer aspect. image Gray179.png thumb Figure 4 Mandible of human embryo 24 mm. long. Inner aspect. image Gray180.png thumb Figure 5 Mandible of human embryo 95 mm. long. Outer aspect. Nuclei of cartilage stippled. image Gray181.png thumb Figure 5 Mandible of human embryo 95 mm. long. Inner aspect. Nuclei of cartilage stippled. The Human mandiblemandible is ossified in the fibrous membrane covering the outer surfaces of Meckel s cartilages . These cartilages form the cartilaginous bar of the mandibular arch see p. 66 , and are two in number, a right and a left. Their proximal or cranial ends are connected with the ear capsules, and their distal extremities are joined to one another at the symphysis by mesodermal tissue. They run forward immediately below the condyles and then, bending downward, lie in a groove near the lower border of the bone in front of the canine tooth they incline upward to the symphysis . From the proximal end of each cartilage the malleus and incus , two of the bones of the middle ear, are developed the next succeeding portion, as far as the lingula, is replaced by fibrous tissue, which persists to form the sphenomandibular ligament . Between the lingula and the canine tooth the cartilage disappears, while the portion of it below and behind the incisor teeth becomes ossified and incorporated with this part of the mandible. Ossification takes place in the membrane covering the outer surface of the ventral end of Meckel s cartilage Figs. 178 to 181 , and each half of the bone is formed from a single center which appears, near the mental foramen, about the sixth week of fetal life. By the tenth week the portion of Meckel s cartilage which lies below and behind the incisor teeth ... splenial center , is formed in the human mandible by an ingrowth from the main mass of the bone. At birth ... during the first year. The foregoing description of the ossification of the mandible is based on the researches ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Mandible Cirque coor dm 73 7 S 169 15 E is a cirque indenting the coast of Daniell Peninsula 5 nautical miles 9 km west southwest of Cape Phillips , in Victoria Land , Antarctica . It was named in 1966 by the New Zealand Antarctic Place Names Committee NZ APC for its appearance in plan and oblique views. usgs gazetteer Category Cirques of Antarctica Category Landforms of Victoria Land Category Borchgrevink Coast BorchgrevinkCoast geo stub ... more details
rl position Five eight other no website Edward Francis Mandible born in Woolloomooloo , Sydney ... to take up rugby league in Sydney in 1910. Rugby union career Mandible was selected on the first ... sanctioned series, Mandible switched codes in 1910 to play rugby league with the Sydney Roosters ... NRL Stats title NRL Stats Eddie Mandible url http nrlstats.com archive clubs.cfm?ClubID 14&ClubSeasonID 515 accessdate 2007 12 03 ref Image Postcard Wallabies 1908.jpg thumb centre 600px Mandible middle ... Categories Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata NAME Mandible, Edward ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mandible, Edward Francis SHORT DESCRIPTION Australian rugby union player DATE OF BIRTH 11 May 1885 PLACE OF BIRTH Woolloomooloo, Sydney DATE OF DEATH circa 1936 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Mandible, Edward ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin lingula mandibulae GraySubject 44 GrayPage 173 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 11 DorlandsSuf 12496673 The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula of the mandible which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve. See also lingula External links http ect.downstate.edu courseware haonline labs l22 os2009.htm cite journal author Fabian FM title Observation of the position of the lingula in relation to the mandibular foramen and the mylohyoid groove journal Ital J Anat Embryol volume 111 issue 3 pages 151 8 year 2006 pmid 17312921 doi cite journal author Tuli A, Choudhry R, Choudhry S, Raheja S, Agarwal S title Variation in shape of the lingula in the adult human mandible journal J. Anat. volume Pt 2 issue 2 pages 313 7 series 197 year 2000 pmid 11005723 doi 10.1046 j.1469 7580.2000.19720313.x url http www.blackwell synergy.com openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 0021 8782&date 2000&volume 197&issue &spage 313 pmc 1468130 musculoskeletal stub Facial bones Category Bones of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Bone Name PAGENAME Latin corpus mandibulae GraySubject 44 GrayPage 172 Image Gray176.png Caption Mandible. Outer surface. Side view Image2 Gray177.png Caption2 Mandible. Inner surface. Side view Precursor 1st branchial arch ref EmbryologyUNC hednk 023 ref Origins Insertions Articulations MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 56 DorlandsSuf 12260602 The body of the human mandible mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders. Surfaces External surface The external surface is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the symphysis or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. On either side of the symphysis, just below the incisor teeth, is a depression, the incisive fossa, which gives origin to the mentalis and a small portion of the orbicularis oris . Below the second premolar tooth, on either side, midway between the upper and lower borders of the body, is the mental foramen , for the passage of the mental vessels and nerve. Running backward and upward from each mental tubercle is a faint ridge, the oblique line, which is continuous with the anterior border of the ramus it affords attachment to the depressor labii Inferioris Quadratus labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris Triangularis the platysma is attached below it. Internal surface The internal surface is concave from side to side. Near the lower part of the symphysis is a pair of laterally placed spines, termed the mental spines, which give origin to the genioglossus . Immediately below these is a second pair of spines, or more frequently a median ridge or impression, for the origin of the geniohyoid . In some cases the mental spines are fused to form a single eminence, in others they are absent and their position is indi ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin pars alveolaris mandibulae GraySubject 44 GrayPage 173 Image Mandibule.jpg Caption Mandible. Alveolar part not labeled, but is visible below teeth. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 07 DorlandsSuf 12616212 The alveolar part of mandible is the part of the human mandible mandible , adjacent to the teeth , containing the dental alveolus . See also Alveolar process of maxilla References reflist External links http orthodontics.case.edu facialgrowth html gofmand1.htm musculoskeletal stub Facial bones Category Bones of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Bone Name Coronoid process of the mandible Latin processus coronoideus mandibulae GraySubject 44 GrayPage 174 Image Processuscoronoideusmandibulae.PNG Caption human mandibleMandible . Outer surface. Side view. Coronoid process labeled at top center. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 34 DorlandsSuf 12667404 The human mandiblemandible s coronoid process from Greek korone , like a crown is a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus. Its posterior border is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch. Its lateral surface is smooth, and affords insertion to the Temporalis and Masseter . Its medial surface gives insertion to the Temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth. Between this ridge and the anterior border is a grooved triangular area, the upper part of which gives attachment to the Temporalis, the lower part to some fibers of the Buccinator . Additional images gallery Image Gray382.png The Temporalis the zygomatic arch and Masseter have been removed. gallery See also Ramus mandibulae External links eMedicineDictionary Coronoid process NormanAnatomy lesson1 SUNYAnatomyLabs 22 os 10 06 Osteology of the Skull Mandible of Intact Skull RocheLexicon 34256.000 2 Gray s Facial bones Category Bones of the head and neck musculoskeletal stub ca Ap fisi coronoide hu llkapocs kamp ny lv nya ... more details
unreferenced date June 2009 image Gray182.png thumb Fig. 1 At birth. image Gray183.png thumb Fig. 2 In childhood. image Gray184.png thumb Fig. 3 In the adult. image Gray185.png thumb Fig. 4 In old age. Side view of the mandible at different periods of life. The Human mandible mandible is the bone for the lower jaw, both in humans and animals. When remains of humans are found, the mandible is one of the common findings, sometimes the only bone found. Skilled experts can estimate the age of the human upon death because the mandible changes over a person s life, as described in this article. At birth Fig. 1 the body of the bone is a mere shell, containing the sockets of the two incisor, the canine, and the two deciduous molar teeth , imperfectly partitioned off from one another. The mandibular canal is of large size, and runs near the lower border of the bone the mental foramen opens beneath the socket of the first deciduous Molar tooth molar tooth . The angle is obtuse 175 , and the condyloid portion is nearly in line with the body. The coronoid process is of comparatively large size, and projects above the level of the condyle. After birth Fig. 2 the two segments of the bone become joined at the symphysis, from below upward, in the first year but a trace of separation may be visible in the beginning of the second year, near the alveolar margin. The body becomes elongated in its whole length, but more especially behind the mental foramen, to provide space for the three additional teeth developed in this part. The depth of the body increases owing to increased growth of the alveolar part, to afford room for the roots of the teeth, and by thickening of the subdental portion which enables the jaw to withstand the powerful action of the Mastication masticatory muscles but the alveolar portion is the deeper of the two, and, consequently, the chief part of the body lies above the oblique line. The mandibular canal, after the second dentition, is situated just above the leve ... more details
image Bullant head detail.jpg thumb 250px The mandibles of a Bull ant The mandible of an arthropod is either of a pair of Arthropod mouthparts mouthparts used for biting, cutting and holding food. Mandibles are often simply referred to as jaws. Mandibles are present in the extant subphylum subphyla Myriapoda millipedes and others , Crustacean Crustacea and Hexapoda insects etc. . These groups make up the clade Mandibulata , which is currently believed to be the sister group to the rest of arthropods, the clade Arachnomorpha Chelicerata Trilobite Trilobita . Unlike the chelicerae of arachnid s, mandibles can often be used to chew food. Mandibulates also differ by having Antenna biology antennae , and also by having three distinct body regions head, thorax and abdomen the prosoma of chelicerates is not a fusion of head and thorax, although often called a cephalothorax . Image Mandible.svg Amphipoda Amphipod mandible diagram thumb Insects main Mandible insect mouthpart Insect mandibles are as diverse in form as their food. For instance, grasshopper s and many other plant eating insects have sharp edged mandibles that move side to side. Most Lepidoptera butterflies and moths lack mandibles as they mainly feed on nectar from flowers. Queen bee s have mandibles with sharp cutting teeth unlike worker bee s, who have toothless jaws. Male Dobsonfly dobsonflies have slender mandibles up to 2.5 cm long, half as long as the insect s body. Potter wasp s use their mandibles to mix droplets of water with clay while constructing a nest. Ants Ant s have long, broad, serrated jaws, used for digging, collecting food, fighting and cutting, and are probably the most important work tool ants possess. Ants typically bite each other when fighting. Some ants use mandibles to injure the enemy and squirt poison into the wound. Harvester ant s use their mandibles to collect and carry seeds. Army ant s have sharp mandibles that are better adapted for fighting than obtaining food or nursing the larva ... more details
for the corresponding mouthpart in other arthropods Mandible arthropod mouthpart Image Bullant head detail.jpg thumb right The mandibles of a Bull ant left Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect s mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages the Insect mouthparts Labrum labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure . Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect s food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically. Grasshoppers, crickets, and other simple insects The mouthparts of orthoptera n insects are often used as a basic example of mandibulate chewing mouthparts, and the mandibles themselves are likewise generalized in structure. They are large and hardened, shaped like pinchers, with cutting surfaces on the wiktionary distal distal portion and chewing or grinding surfaces wiktionary basal basally . They are usually lined with teeth and move sideways. Large pieces of leaves can therefore be cut and then pulverized near the actual mouth opening. This same simple structure is seen in all of the remaining Polyneoptera n insect orders, with the exception of the Paraneoptera Hemiptera , Thysanoptera , and Phthiraptera . Likewise, the mandibles of adult and larval Odonata are simple and generalized, while Ephemeroptera rarely feed as adults, though the larvae nymphs have simple mandibles. ref http www.nps.gov archive grsa resources curriculum elem lesson14.htm National Park Service Insect Design Insect Mouth Parts ref True bugs The Hemiptera , and other insects whose mouthparts are described as piercing sucking, have ... only the left mandible is present, modified into a stylet. Neuropteroids Within the Neuropterida ... Mandible Insect Category Insect anatomy fr Mandibule it Mandibola insecta nl Mandibel geleedpotigen ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Syngnathia is a congenital adhesion of the maxilla and Human mandiblemandible by fibre fibrous bands. References reflist Category Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system Health stub ... more details
File Lingual foramen.JPG thumb right 250px The small lingual foramen black hole in lower portion of picture as seen on a periapical dental radiography radiograph of the anterior human mandible mandible . The lingual foramen is a small hole situated on the tongue side surface of the anterior human mandible mandible through which small blood vessels pass. References reflist Facial bones Category Bones of the head and neck ... more details
wiktionary coronoid The Coronoid process from Greek korone , like a crow s beak can refer to The coronoid process of the mandible , part of the ramus mandibulae of the mandible The coronoid process of the ulna , a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date November 2007 Macrognathia refers to the condition of abnormally large jaw s. It is also called as megagnathia . Etiology Heredity Pituitary gigantism Paget s disease of bone osteitis deformans Acromegaly Leontiasis ossea Clinical appearance Mandibular protrusion when human mandible mandible is affected Gummy smile when maxilla is affected Ramus of mandible forms a less steep angle with body of mandible Mandibular prognathism caused by excessive Condyloid process condylar growth Chin appears prominent Treatment Treatment is surgery surgical . Osteotomy Osteotomies may be done in case of maxillary macrognathia. Mandibular macrognathia is generally managed by Segmental resection resection of a portion of the mandible followed by orthodontia orthodontic treatment. References reflist Category Diseases and disorders Category head and neck ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Gonion Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Gonion.PNG Caption Gonion Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The gonion is an anthropometric landmark located at the most inferior, posterior, and lateral point on the external angle of the human mandible mandible . ref http www.redwoods.edu instruct agarwin anth 6 measurements.htm ref This site is at the apex of the maximum curvature of the mandible, where the ascending ramus becomes the body of the mandible. See also Angle of the mandible References reflist Compound structures of skull Facial bones Musculoskeletal stub Category Bones of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Ligament Name Temporomandibular ligament Latin ligamentum laterale articulationis temporomandibularis, ligamentum temporomandibulare GraySubject 75 GrayPage 297 Image Gray309.png Caption Articulation of the mandible. Lateral aspect. From zygomatic process of temporal bone To condyloid process Human mandible mandible MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492499 The temporomandibular ligament external lateral ligament consists of two short, narrow wikt fasciculi fasciculi , one in front of the other, attached, above, to the lateral surface of the zygomatic arch and to the tubercle on its lower border below, to the lateral surface and posterior border of the neck of the Human mandible mandible . It is broader above than below, and its fibers are directed obliquely downward and backward. It is covered by the parotid gland , and by the integument . It prevents posterior displacement of the mandible and prevents the condyloid process from being driven upward by a blow and fracturing the base of the skull. Gray s References Saladin, Kenneth S. 2005 Human Anatomy. New York, NY McGraw Hill. ISBN 0 07 039080 0 Joints of head and neck ligament stub Category Ligaments of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin fovea fossa submandibularis GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray177.png Caption Mandible. Inner surface. Side view Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 15 DorlandsSuf 12377430 The submandibular fovea or submandibular fossa or submaxillary fovea is an impression on the medial side of the Body of mandible body of the human mandible mandible below the mylohyoid line . It is the location for the submandibular gland . References reflist External links eMedicineDictionary Submandibular fossa cite web url http ect.downstate.edu courseware haonline labs l22 os1012.htm title Mandible of Intact Skull Submandibular fossa publisher Suny Downstate Medical Center accessdate 2008 09 26 cite web url http iris3.med.tufts.edu dentgross labguide Mandible.html title Mandible publisher Tufts University Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology accessdate 2008 09 26 Facial bones Gray s Category Bones of the head and neck Anatomy stub ... more details
Ramus can refer to A branch A portion of a bone from Latin ramus , branch , as in the Ramus of the mandible or Superior pubic ramus A nerve ramus such as the Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve Petrus Ramus Disambig ... more details
Incoming links date March 2012 Mandibular means related to the mandible lower jaw bone . Terms containing mandibular include Mandibular nerve Mandibular prominence Mandibular fossa Torus mandibularis Disambiguation ... more details
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