X Terminal , Xbiff , xload, and a graphical Man pagemanualpage browser. AT&T licensed UNIX ... in machine readable form. The documentation included ManualpageUnix man manual pages for each ... 5 page 9 ref Unics could eventually support multiple simultaneous users, and it was renamed Unix . Up .... The UNIX Programmer s Manual was published on November 3, 1971. The first commercial instance ... t believe there is Unix in Linux . ref cite web url http www.groklaw.net staticpages index.php?page ...Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... model Historically Closed source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software ...? Don t edit this page, just click on the version number kernel type Monolithic Kernel Monolithic ui Command line interface & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 license Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking ... Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating ... porting to other hardware. Today s Unix system evolution is split into various branches, developed ..., owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix ... is a Unix like operating system? Unix.org FAQ ref of this term. However, the term Unix is often used ... 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large scale adoption of Unix particularly of the Berkeley Software Distribution BSD variant, originating from the University ... all variants of Unix, the most widely used are Linux Citation needed date January 2012 , which is used ... or e book readers. Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned ... more details
distinguish Manuel wiktionarypar ManualmanualManual may mean Instructions User guide Owner s manual Instruction manual gaming Online help Unixmanual known as man pages Manual music a keyboard, as for an organ Manual band A manual is a special kind of wheelie . Freestyle skateboarding tricks balancing on two wheels Manual transmission Done by hand , or not using machinery or electronics to fulfil a function Used or operated by hand. disambig cs Manu l de Manual no Manual ru sk Manu l fi Manuaalinen ... more details
notability date September 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub fr As Unix ru As ... more details
lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system time time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31st and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line atq 1234 2011 08 12 11 45 cc o foo foo.c user atrm 1234 atq source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code , which waits in the background periodically checking the list of jobs to do ... s replacement for at. List of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
Infobox Book name The Manual... image Image TheManual.jpg 220px image caption author The Timelords illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language subject genre publisher KLF Publications release date 1988 in literature 1988 media type pages isbn 0 86359 616 9 oclc 20097625 The Manual How to Have a Number One the Easy Way is a 1988 book by The Timelords Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty , better known as The KLF . It is a tongue in cheek step by step guide to achieving a No.1 single with no money or musical skills, and a case study of the duo s UK novelty pop No. 1 Doctorin the Tardis . How to have a number one The advice dispensed by The Manual includes Firstly, you must be wiktionary skint skint and on Jobseeker s Allowance the dole . Anybody with a proper job or tied up with full time education will not have the time to devote to see it through... Being on the dole gives you a clearer perspective on how much of society is run... having no money sharpens the wits. Forces you never to make the wrong decision. There is no safety net to catch you when you fall. and If you are already a musician stop playing your instrument. Even better, sell the junk. The book also foretells its own imminent irrelevance, The Timelords admitting that they are writing a book that will be completely ... version of The Manual has had at least 3 print runs see ISBNs below , being reissued in 1989 and with a new ... published in Czech language Czech . ref KLF Manual Jak se dostat na vrchol hitparady , published ... to be reading a copy of The Manual. It is a reference to Chumbawamba s earlier success with their hit ... to reading The Manual and stated that he took direct instructions from it.... Get yourself a studio ..., 2010 References Cauty, J and Drummond, B. The Manual , KLF Publications, 1988 http www.tomrobinson.com resource klf.htm Link Footnotes reflist The KLF DEFAULTSORT Manual, The Category 1989 books Category The KLF Category Books by Bill Drummond no The Manual ... more details
lowercase title clear Unix Image Clear gnulinux.gif thumb Clear being used on GNU Linux under uxterm code clear do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard Unix computer operating system command which is used to clear the screen. Depending on the system, tt clear tt uses the terminfo or termcap database, as well as looking into the environment for the terminal type in order to deduce how to clear the screen. The Unix command tt clear tt takes no arguments and is roughly analogous to the MS DOS command tt Cls computing cls tt . See also List of Unix programs External links http invisible island.net ncurses man clear.1.html The manual tt man tt page for tt clear tt unix commands Unix stub Category Unix software el Clear Unix fa Clear fr Clear Unix hu Clear Unix zh Clear ... more details
On Unix like computer systems, factor is a utility for Factorization factoring an integer into its prime factors . factor first appeared on Fifth Edition Unix 5th edition Research Unix in 1974, as a user maintained utility section 6 of the man pagemanual . In the Seventh Edition Unix 7th edition in 1979, it was moved into the main commands section of the manual section 1 . From there, the factor utility was copied to all other variants of Unix , including commercial Unixes and BSD . In some variants of Unix, it is classified as a game more than a serious utility, and therefore documented in section 6. A free software version of the factor utility was written for the GNU project by Paul Rubin , in 1986. It is now available on all Linux distributions as part of the GNU Core Utilities . In 2008, GNU factor started to use GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library GNU MP library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, allowing it to factor integers of any length, not limited by the machine s native integer type . References http www.vector.comm.sfu.ca pups PDP 11 Distributions research Dennis v5 v5man.pdf manualpage from Fifth Edition Unix section 6 user maintained programs http man.cat v.org unix 6th 6 factor factor manualpage from Sixth Edition Unix section 6 user contributed . Category Unix ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 lowercase timex is a Unix utility tool, most commonly used in the measurement of duration of shell processes. It is also used to measure process data and system activity. The tool appears in IBM s AIX operating system AIX version of Unix and the Solaris Operating System from Sun Microsystems. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.llnl.gov computing tutorials performance tools man timex.txt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s copy of the AIX timex man page. http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5165 timex 1?l en&a view&q timex timex time a command report process data and system activity Solaris Operating System Solaris ManualpageUnix man pageunix commands Category Unix process and task management related software unix stub pl Timex Unix ... more details
lowercase head is a Computer program program on Unix and Unix like systems used to display the first few lines of a text Computer file file or pipe computing pipe d data. The command syntax is head options < file name> By default, tt head tt will print the first 10 lines of its input to the standard output . The number of lines printed may be changed with a command line option. The following example shows the first 20 lines of filename head n 20 filename This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo head n 5 foo Some versions omit the n and just let you say 5. Flags c x number of bytes Copy first x number of bytes. Other Many early versions of Unix did not have this command, and so documentation and books had sed do this job sed 5q foo This says to print every line implicit , and quit after the fifth. See also tail Unix tail , dd Unix dd List of Unix programs External links http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node head invocation.html head manualpage from GNU coreutils . http www.freebsd.org cgi man.cgi?query head&apropos 0&sektion 0&manpath FreeBSD 5.3 RELEASE and Ports&format html FreeBSD documentation for head Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Head de Head Unix el Head Unix es Head Unix fr Head Unix ko Head it Head hu Head Unix ja Head pl Head Unix pt Head ro Head Unix ru Head Unix uk Head tr Head Unix ... more details
lowercase title who Unix The standard Unix command tt who tt displays a list of users who are currently logged into a computer. The tt who tt command is related to the command tt W Unix w tt , which provides the same information but also displays additional data and statistics. Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt who tt should list information about accessible users. The X Open System Interfaces Extension XSI extension also specifies that the data of the username, terminal, login time, process ID, and time since last activity occurred on the terminal, furthermore, an alternate system database used for user information can be specified as an optional argument to tt who tt . The command can be invoked with the arguments tt am i tt or tt am I tt so it is invoked as tt who am i tt or tt who am I tt , showing information about the current terminal only see the command tt tty Unix tty tt and the tt m tt option below, of which this invocation is equivalent . Usage The SUS without extensions only specifies the following tt m tt , tt T tt , and tt u tt options, all ... runlevel of the init Unix init process. tt s tt , default show only name, terminal, and time details ... information whether the terminal has been used recently or not Other Unix and Unix like operating ... differs considerably among Unix implementations. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 009695399 utilities who.html who specification from the Single Unix Specification http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node who invocation.html who manualpage from GNU coreutils http www.openbsd.org cgi bin man.cgi?query who who manualpage from OpenBSD unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Who Unix de Who Unix el Who Unix es Who Unix fr Who Unix ko Who hu Who Unix ja Who UNIX pl Who Unix ro Who Unix ru Who wuu WHO ... more details
lowercase title info Infobox software name Info logo screenshot caption collapsible author developer released Start date YYYY MM DD latest release version 4.11 latest release date Start date and age YYYY MM DD latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD frequently updated programming language operating system GNU platform size language status genre Documentation Viewer license GNU General Public License website http www.gnu.org software texinfo info is a software utility which forms a hypertext ual, multipage documentation and help viewer working on a command line interface , useful when there is no GUI available. info processes info files, which are Texinfo formatted files, and presents the documentation as a Tree structure tree , with simple commands to traverse the tree and to follow cross references. For instance n goes to the next page. p goes to the previous page. u goes to the upper page. l goes to the last visited node To follow a cross reference, the cursor can be moved over a link a word preceded by a and enter pressed. The C implementation of info was designed as the main documentation system of GNU based Operating Systems and was then ported to other Unix like operating systems. However, info files had already been in use on Incompatible Timesharing System ITS emacs . List of Texinfo readers info pinfo tkman tkinfo khelpcenter click Browse Info Pages emacs See also Portal Free software Manual page Unix man List of Unix programs External links unix commands Category Unix software Category Online help unix stub ca Info Unix es Info Unix fr Info Unix ka Info hu Info Unix tr nfo Unix ... more details
The weight of directories source lang bash du d 1 c h source See also List of Unix programs Filelight Baobab software Baobab External links man cu du SUS estimate file space usage Manual pages http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node du invocation.html du &mdash manualpage from GNU coreutils http www.openbsd.org cgi bin man.cgi?query du du &mdash manualpage from OpenBSD http leaf.dragonflybsd.org cgi web man?command du§ion ANY du &mdash manualpage from Dragonflybsd Other http ...lowercase Image Du unix output.png thumb example screenshot of du in a terminal code du code abbreviated from d isk u sage is a standard Unix computer program program used to estimate file space usage space used under a particular Folder computing directory or computer file files on a file system . History The code du code utility first appeared in version 1 of Unix 1970s AT&T UNIX . Specification By default, the Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that code du code is to display the file space allocated to each file and directory contained in the current directory. Links will be displayed as the size of the link file, not what is being linked to the size of the content of directories is displayed, as expected. As code du code reports allocation space and not absolute file space, the amount of space on a file system shown by code du code may vary from that shown by code df Unix df code if files have been deleted but their blocks not yet freed. Also the minfree setting that allocates datablocks for the filesystem and the super user processes creates a discrepancy between total blocks ... the pathname argument is specified. Other Unix and Unix like operating systems may add extra ... unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Disk usage analysis software cs Du Unix de Du Unix es Du fr Du Unix it Du Unix no Du Unix pl Du Unix pt Du Unix ro Du Unix ru Du uk Du zh Du ... more details
of Unix programs External links man 1 wc from linux.die.net http man.cat v.org unix 1st 1 wc wc 1 Original Unix First Edition manualpage for wc . http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 wc.1.php wc The program ...lowercase tt wc tt short for w ord c ount is a command in Unix like operating systems. The program reads either standard input or a list of files and generates one or more of the following statistics number of bytes, word count number of words , and number of lines specifically, the number of newline characters . If a list of files is provided, both individual file and total statistics follow. Sample execution of tt wc tt wc foo bar 40 149 947 foo 2294 16638 97724 bar 2334 16787 98671 total The first column is the count of newlines, meaning that the text file tt foo tt has 40 newlines while tt bar tt has 2294 newlines resulting in a total of 2334 newlines. The second column indicates the number of words in each text file showing that there are 149 words in tt foo tt and 16638 words in tt bar tt giving a total of 16787 words. The last column indicates the number of characters in each text file, meaning that the file tt foo tt has 947 characters while tt bar tt has 97724 characters 98671 characters all in all. Newer versions of tt wc tt can differentiate between byte and character computing character count. This difference arises with Unicode which includes multi byte characters. The desired behaviour is selected with the tt c tt or tt m tt switch. GNU tt wc tt used to be part of the GNU textutils package it is now part of GNU coreutils . Usage tt wc l filename tt print the line count tt wc c filename tt print the byte count tt wc m filename tt print the character count tt wc L ... Unix commands unix stub Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Wc Unix el Wc Unix es Wc Unix fr Wc Unix it Wc Unix hu Wc ja Wc UNIX pl Wc Unix pt Wc Unix ro Wc Unix ru Wc fi Wc Unix uk Wc Unix zh Wc Unix ... more details
lowercase In computing , tt apropos tt is a command to search the man page files in Unix and Unix like operating systems. Behavior Often a wrapper for the man k command, the apropos command is used to search all manual pages for the string specified. This is often useful if one knows the action that is desired, but does not remember the exact command. Sample usage The following example demonstrates the output of the tt apropos tt command apropos mount free 1 Display amount of free and used memory in the system mklost found 8 create a lost found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system mount 8 mount a file system mountpoint 1 see if a directory is a mountpoint ntfsmount 8 Read Write userspace NTFS driver. sleep 1 delay for a specified amount of time switch root 8 switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree. umount 8 unmount file systems In this example, tt apropos tt is used to search for the string mount , and tt apropos tt returns the indicated man pages that include the term mount . See also Man page External links man 1 apropos http wiki.linuxquestions.org wiki apropos tt Apropos tt at the LinuxQuestions.org wiki Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Standard Unix programs fr Apropos ka Apropos hu Apropos Unix ... more details
Sum is a core Unix utility available on all Unix and Linux distributions . There is a GNU utility written by Kayvan Aghaiepour and David MacKenzie programmer David MacKenzie and distributed with the UNIX and Linux based operating systems. This utility outputs the checksum of each argument computer file file , as well as the number of Block data storage blocks they take on disk. ref Sum manualpage available with most NIX distributions invoked via code man sum code ref According to the http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node sum invocation.html manualpage , code sum code uses two different algorithm s for calculating the checksum and blocks, the SYSV checksum algorithm and the BSD checksum Default computer science default algorithm. Switching between the two algorithms is done via command line options. The algorithms implemented in this program are less sensitive than more modern checksum methods simple sums do not depend on the order of the data. The GNU manualpage states sum is provided for compatibility the cksum program is preferable in new applications. The code sum code utility is invoked from the command line interface command line according to the following syntax code sum OPTION ... FILE ... code with the possible option parameters being code r code use BSD checksum algorithm, use 1K blocks defeats s code s code , code sysv code use SYSV checksum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks code help code display the help screen and exit code version code output version information and exit When no file parameter is given, or when FILE is code code , the standard input is used as input file. References div class references small See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the ref erences tags references ... software Category Unix package management related software Category Linux security software Category Unix security related software Unix stub Install software stub ... more details
On Unix like computer systems, seq is a utility for generating a sequence of numbers. Seq first appeared on Eighth Edition Unix 8th edition Research Unix in 1985, and was not adopted by other variants of Unix such as commercial Unixes or BSD . Nevertheless, it was later adopted in Plan 9 from Bell Labs , and from there was copied into modern BSD decendents like FreeBSD . Another version of seq was written in 1994 by Ulrich Drepper , for GNU , and is now available on all Linux distributions as part of the GNU Core Utilities . In its most basic use case, seq N prints out all the numbers from 1 to N in sequence. This was convenient as the Unix shell at the time, the Bourne shell had no primitives for iterating over numbers, and its for command could only iterate over a list of words. Seq was therefore used to generate such a list, as in this example syntaxhighlight lang bash Remove file1 through file17 for n in seq 17 do rm file n done syntaxhighlight seq had additional options for controlling the start not just end of the numeric sequence, its increment a floating point number , and the formatting of the number. GNU seq changed the name and meaning of the format option from p to f and added an option to control the separator between the numbers s, defaults to a newline . With other alternatives available e.g., expr , and with more recent shells adding builtin numeric iteration, seq is a rarely used tool today. In the modern Linux shell, Bash Unix shell bash , the above example can be more clearly be rewritten as syntaxhighlight lang bash for n in 1..17 do rm file n done syntaxhighlight and more efficiently, without actually generating the whole sequence in advance, as syntaxhighlight lang bash for n 1 n 17 n do rm file n done syntaxhighlight References http man.cat v.org unix 8th 1 seq seq manualpage from Eighth Edition Unix. http www.freebsd.org cgi man.cgi?query seq&manpath FreeBSD 9.0 RELEASE seq manualpage from FreeBSD. Uncategorized date April 2012 ... more details
lowercase tr is a command in Unix like operating systems. It is an abbreviation of translate or transliterate , indicating its operation of replacing or removing specific characters in its input data set. The utility reads a byte stream from its standard input and writes the result to the standard output . As Command line argument arguments , it takes two sets of characters, and replaces occurrences of the characters in the first set with the corresponding elements from the second set. For example, tr abcd jkmn maps all characters a to j , b to k , c to m , and d to n . The character set may be abbreviated by using character ranges. The previous example could be written tr a d jkmn In POSIX compliant versions of tr, the set represented by a character range depends on the locale s collating order, so it is safer to avoid character ranges in scripts that might be executed in a locale different from that in which they were written. Ranges can often be replaced with POSIX character sets such as alpha . The s flag causes tr to compress sequences of identical adjacent characters in its output to a single token. For example, tr s n replaces sequences of one or more newline characters with a single newline. The d flag causes tr to delete all tokens of the specified set of characters from its input. In this case, only a single character set argument is used. The following command removes ... tr and classic Unix tr, operate on single byte characters and are not Unicode compliant. An exception ... to characters. See also Sed List of Unix programs External links http man.cat v.org unix 8th 1 tr tr 1 Unix 8th Edition manualpage. http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 tr.1.php The program s manpage http www.examplenow.com tr usage examples at examplenow.com unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities ca Tr Unix fr Tr Unix hu Tr Unix ja Tr UNIX pl Tr Unix pt Tr Unix ru Tr fi Tr Unix sv Tr Unix uk Tr ... more details
1 cat catenate files Plan 9 from Bell Labs manual Other http www.iki.fi era unix award.html Useless Use Of Cat Award Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Standard Unix programs Cat Category Unix SUS2008 utilities ar ca Cat Unix cs Cat de Cat Unix el Cat Unix es Cat Unix fa Cat fr Cat Unix ko Cat it Cat Unix hu Cat Unix ms Cat UNIX ro Cat Unix nl Cat ...refimprove date December 2011 No footnotes date February 2008 lowercase title cat Unix The cat program is a standard Unix utility that Concatenation concatenates and lists files. The name is an abbreviation of wikt catenate catenate , a synonym of concatenate. Specification The Single Unix Specification ... tt Unix culture Jargon File definition The Jargon File version 4.4.7 lists this as the definition ... of browsing it carefully. Usage considered silly. Rare outside Unix sites. See also tt dd Unix dd tt , Block transfer instruction BLT . Among Unix fans, tt cat 1 tt is considered an excellent example ... of lines of text, but works with any sort of data. Among Unix critics, tt cat 1 tt is considered the canonical ... L. Schwartz . There is a web page devoted to this and other similar awards. ref http partmaps.org era unix award.html ref In British English British Hacker culture hackerdom the activity of fixing ... file1.txt and file2.txt in binary mode to one file, file3.txt. See also List of Unix utilities code Split Unix split code , a command that splits a file into pieces which cat can then rejoin. zcat ... Mrsi paste Unix References Reflist External links man cu cat SUS concatenate and print files http harmful.cat v.org cat v UNIX Style, or cat v Considered Harmful A paper by Rob Pike on proper Unix command design using cat as an example. Manual pages http man.cat v.org unix 1st 1 cat cat 1 original manualpage in the First Edition of Unix . man format 1 cat http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node cat invocation.html concatenate and write files GNU Coreutils reference man 1 cat ... more details
lowercase mail Unix mail is a command line email client for Unix and Unix like operating system s. Example usage syntaxhighlight lang bash mail s You ve got mail c cc.rider example.org somebody example.com anotherbody example.net syntaxhighlight This sends a message with the subject You ve got mail to two recipients, somebody example.com and anotherbody example.net, and CCs copies a third, cc.rider example.org. The message will be typed after the command is entered and will be ended with Control D. Any Unix command sequence that generates text can be used to send a message in one line. For example syntaxhighlight lang bash echo Some message mail s meeting today somebody example.com syntaxhighlight This is especially useful for having a system report its status automatically through email. See also Cleancode email mailx External links http mailutils.org manual html section mail.html tt mail tt at GNU Mailutils manualUnix commands Category Unix internet software Unix stub fr Mail Unix pl Mail Unix ru Mail zh Mail Unix ... more details
lowercase fg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process by bringing it to the foreground and thus redirecting its standard input and standard output output streams to the user s computer terminal terminal . ref name man http www.computerhope.com unix ufg.htm fg man page ref fg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also bg Unix bg , the complementary command that sends a process to the background SIGCONT References Reflist External links man cu fg SUS run jobs in the foreground Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix stub ca Fg Unix el Fg Unix fr Fg Unix pl Fg Unix zh Fg Unix ... more details
archive.html The ntouch dtouch page See also System time List of Unix programs External links ...lowercase title touch Unix touch is a standard Unix computer program program used to change a computer file file s access and modification system time timestamps . It is also used to create a new empty file. History A touch utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. The version of tt touch tt bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Paul Rubin , Arnold Robbins , Jim Kingdon , David MacKenzie programmer David MacKenzie Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt touch tt should change the access times, modification times, or both, for a file. The file is identified by a pathname supplied as a single argument. It also specifies that if the file identified does not exist, the file is created and the access and modification times are set as specified. If no new timestamps are specified, tt touch tt uses the current time. Usage The SUS mandates the following options tt a tt , change the access time only tt c tt , if the file does not exist, do not create it and do not report this condition tt m tt , change the modification time only tt r file tt , use the access and modification ... Unix and Unix like operating systems may add extra options. For example, GNU tt touch tt adds a tt ... touch source Other operating systems Programs that perform similar operations as the Unix code touch ... Unix Specification http www.bellevuelinux.org touch.html examples showing how to use touch Dead link date May 2010 Manual pages http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node touch invocation.html touch manualpage from GNU coreutils http www.openbsd.org cgi bin man.cgi?query touch touch manualpage from OpenBSD unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Touch Unix de Touch Unix es Touch Unix fa Touch fr Touch Unix ko Touch it Touch Unix ka Touch hu Touch Unix ja Touch UNIX pl Touch Unix pt Touch inform tica ro Touch Unix ... more details
http h30097.www3.hp.com docs pub page doc list.html title Tru64 UNIX Online Documentation and Reference ...Infobox OS name Tru64 UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , Hewlett ... DEC Alpha ui Command line interface family Unix released release date and age 1992 1 latest release ... Proprietary website http h30097.www3.hp.com Tru64 UNIX Software Tru64 UNIX is a 64 bit UNIX operating ... HP . Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq , and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , where it was known as Digital UNIX formerly DEC OSF 1 AXP . As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF 1 operating system. DEC s previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD . It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University . Other UNIX implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are NeXTSTEP , MkLinux , and Mac OS X . Tru64 UNIX requires the System Reference Manual SRM boot firmware found on Alpha based computer systems. OSF 1 file DigitalUNIX.jpg thumb A Digital UNIX key chain. The other side says, CALIFORNIA Y W8 4 HP The Migration State In 1988, during the so called Unix wars , DEC joined with IBM , Hewlett Packard , and others to form the Open Software Foundation OSF to develop a version of Unix. Dubbed OSF 1, the aim was to compete with UNIX System ... H. title A Quarter Century of UNIX publisher Addison Wesley Pub. Co location Reading, Mass year ... 2008 , and with traditional UNIX implementations at the time providing poor real time support at best ... Unix compatibility. OSF 1 was envisaged to be the third major branch of the Unix family tree ... operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. From OSF 1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system. Other vendors HP also released ... version of Unix accessdate 2008 03 28 date 1992 04 01 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060224133234 ... more details
lowercase Image Pg Unix screenshot.png thumbnail Example output of the tt pg tt command in xterm . pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix like systems for viewing text file s. It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a pipe Unix pipe . pg uses an interface similar to vi , but commands are different. ref http www.computerhope.com unix upg.htm Linux Unix pg command ref more command more , and less Unix less are more commonly used paging programs. See also less Unix less more command more References reflist Unix commands unix stub Category Terminal pagers ... more details
Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unixmanualmanual that describes them. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unixmanual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... at the time was 10, according to the preface of the manual. 3rd Edition Feb. 1973 Introduced the C programming language C programming language and Unix pipe pipes total number of installations was 16. 4th Edition Nov. 1973 First Unix written in C programming language C . It also introduced Group identifier Unix groups . Number of installations was listed as above 20 . The manual was formatted .... 1989 Last Research Unix though the manual itself was published outside of AT&T, there was no distribution ... by Warren Toomey, School of IT, Bond University http man.cat v.org unix 8th Full Manual Pages documentation ...Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell Unix Research Unix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... to as Department 1127 . History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIX Time Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last ... above 50 . Version 6 Unix 6th Edition May 1975 First Unix to see widespread distribution outside ... UNIX, a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10. Version 7 Unix 7th Edition Jan. 1979 The ancestor of all ... more details
lowercase bg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process without bringing it to the foreground ref name bg man page http pwet.fr man linux commandes posix bg bg man page ref the resumed process continues to execute in the background without receiving user input from the Computer terminal terminal . bg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also fg Unix fg , the complementary command that brings a process to the foreground References Reflist Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities unix stub ca Bg Unix el Bg Unix fr Bg Unix zh Bg Unix ... more details
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