Unreferenced date November 2008 In neoclassical economics , a marketdistortion is any event in which a market reaches a market clearing price for an item that is substantially different from the price that a market would achieve while operating under conditions of perfect competition and state enforcement of legal contract s and the ownership of private property . In this context, perfect competition means all participants have complete information , there are no barriers to entry entry or exit barriers to the market, there are no transaction cost s or subsidies affecting the market, all firms have constant returns to scale , and all market participants are independent Rationality rational actors. Many different kinds of events, actions, policies, or beliefs can bring about a marketdistortion. For example any policy or action that restricts information critical to the market, monopoly , oligopoly , or monopsony powers of market participants, criminal coercion or subversion of legal contracts, illiquidity of the market lack of buyers, sellers, product, or money , collusion among market participants, mass non rational behavior by market participants, price supports or subsidies, failure of government to provide a stable currency , failure of government to enforce the Rule of Law , failure of government to protect property rights , failure of government to regulate non competitive market behavior, stifling or corrupt government regulation . Category Financial markets econ stub ... more details
Wiktionarypar distortionDistortion denotes the alteration of the original shape of an object, image, sound, or waveform. Distortion may also refer to In science and technology Distortion optics , including barrel distortion and pincushion distortion Cognitive distortion , a psychological concept Distortions economics , a concept in economics Distortion mathematics , a measure how much a function distorts space In music Distortion music , an electro acoustic effect in music Distortion Forbidden album Distortion Forbidden album , a 1995 album by Forbidden Distortion Run album Distortion Run album , a 2005 album by Run Distortion The Magnetic Fields album Distortion The Magnetic Fields album , a 2008 album by Magnetic Fields Other Distortion , an episode of List of Serial Experiments Lain media Serial Experiments Lain Copenhagen Distortion , also called Distortion festival , a party club culture festival in Copenhagen, Denmark disambig da Distortion de Distortion ... more details
A distortion is a condition that creates economic inefficiency , thus interfering with economic agent s maximizing social welfare when they maximize their own welfare. ref Alan Deardorff . http www personal.umich.edu alandear glossary d.html distortionDistortion , Deardorff s Glossary of International Economics. ref . An example of distorted tax would be if government purchases were financed by a proportional wage income tax rather than by a Lump sum tax . In a competitive equilibrium , a proportional wage income tax discourages work. ref Stephen D. Williamson 2010 . Sources of Social Inefficiencies, Macroeconomics , 3rd Edition. ref In the idealized conditions of perfect competition with no externalities, there is zero distortion at market equilibrium of supply and demand where price equals marginal cost for each firm and product. More generally, a condition used to measure distortion is the deviation between the market price of a good and its marginal cost marginal social cost , that is, the difference between the marginal rate of substitution in consumption and the marginal rate of transformation in production. Such a deviation may result from government regulation , monopoly , tariff s and import quota s, which in theory may give rise to a certain kind of behavior called rent seeking . Other sources of distortions are uncorrected externalities , ref Agnar Sandmo 2008 . Pigouvian taxes. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 2nd Edition. http www.dictionaryofeconomics.com article?id pde2008 P000351&q distortions&topicid &result number 2 Abstract. ref different tax rates on goods or income, ref Louis Kaplow 2008 . optimal taxation, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 2nd Edition. http www.dictionaryofeconomics.com article?id pde2008 O000034&q distortion 20 ...?id pde2008 T000023&q Distortion 20&topicid &result number 2 Abstract. ref Inflation Effects inflation ... Market failure Optimal tax Welfare economics EndMultiCol Notes See the user page User Dmoss Wikicite ... more details
In telecommunication , the term bias distortion has the following meanings Signal information theory Signal distortion resulting from a shift in the bias . In digital Signalling telecommunication signaling , distortion of the signal in which all the significant intervals have uniformly longer or shorter durations than their theoretical durations. Bias distortion is expressed in percent of the system specified unit interval . References FS1037C MS188 telecommunications stub Category Telecommunications terms ... more details
unreferenced date January 2012 File Pedal Board 0708....jpg thumb 250px MXR Distortion on a guitar pedalboard . Distortion is the yellow unit on front of the pedalboard. The MXR DistortionDistortion Plus is an overdrive music overdrive pedal originally designed in the 1970s by MXR Innovations. Although its name includes distortion , it has a rather mild sound and essentially the same circuit as many overdrive pedals e.g. DOD 250 . The pedal uses a single opamp and a pair of germanium diode s to ground for clipping in a very simple configuration with only Output and Distortion controls, no tone control the pedal uses no discrete transistors . Turning up the Distortion control increases the amount of distortion and at the same time cuts some bass from the signal. This pedal is perhaps best known for its crunchy heavy metal music heavy metal sound that was featured by Randy Rhoads in his work with Ozzy Osbourne . Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead used this pedal exclusively for distortion in the late 1970s. Bob Mould of H sker D also used the Distortion as part of his trademark guitar sound. Dave Murray musician Dave Murray of Iron Maiden has used Distortion since the early 1980s. External links Category Effects units guitar stub ... more details
Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system , subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions. Generally, output is a linear function of input only for a fixed portion of the transfer characteristics. In this region, I sub c sub I sub b sub where Ic is collector current and Ib is base current, following linear relation y mx. When output is not in this portion, two forms of amplitude distortion might arise harmonic distortion intermodulation distortion Harmonic distortion The creation of harmonics of the fundamental frequency of a sine wave input to a system. Intermodulation distortion This form of distortion occurs when two sine waves of frequencies X and Y are present at the input, resulting in the creation of several other frequency components, whose frequencies include X Y , X Y , 2X Y , 2Y X , and generally mX nY for integer m and n. Generally the size of the unwanted output falls rapidly as m and n increase. Due to the additional outputs, this form of distortion is definitely unwanted in audio, radio and telecommunication amplifiers, and it occurs for more than two waves as well. In a narrowband system such as a radio communication system, unwanted outputs such as X Y and 2X Y will be remote from the wanted band and so be ignored by the system. In contrast, 2X Y and 2Y X will be close to the wanted signals. These so called third order distortion products third order as m n 3 tend to dominante the non linear distortion of narrowband systems. Amplitude distortion is measured with the system operating under steady state conditions with a sinusoidal input signal information theory signal . When other frequencies are present, the term amplitude refers to that of the fundamental only. External links http tenwatts.blogspot.com 2007 12 audio lesson.html Arcane Radio Trivia amplitude distortion ... See also Distortion measurement Audio quality measurement Noise measurement Headroom audio ... more details
uniform distortion of their background In geometric optics and cathode ray tube CRT displays, distortion ... distortion Image Barrel distortion.svg thumb right Barrel distortion simulation Image Pincushion distortion.svg thumb right Pincushion distortion simulation Image Mustache distortion.svg thumb right Mustache distortion simulation Although distortion can be irregular or follow many patterns, the most ... of a photographic lens . The radial distortion can usually be classified as one of two main types Barrel distortion In barrel distortion , image magnification decreases with distance from the optical ... . Fisheye lens es, which take hemispherical views, utilize this type of distortion as a way to map an infinitely wide object plane into a finite image area. Pincushion distortion In pincushion distortion ..., like a pincushion . A certain amount of pincushion distortion is often found with visual ... of both types, sometimes referred to as mustache distortion moustache distortion or complex distortion , is less common but not rare. It starts out as barrel distortion close to the image center and gradually turns into pincushion distortion towards the image periphery, making horizontal lines in the top half of the frame look like a handlebar mustache . Mathematically, barrel and pincushion distortion are quadratic , meaning they increase as the square of distance from the center. In mustache distortion the quartic degree 4 term is significant in the center, the degree 2 barrel distortion is dominant, while at the edge the degree 4 distortion in the pincushion direction dominates. Other distortions ... are small relative to the main barrel and pincushion effects. Occurrence In photography, distortion ... f 1.4 exhibits barrel distortion at extremely short focal distances. Barrel distortion may be found in wide angle lenses, and is often seen at the wide angle end of zoom lenses, while telephoto distortion is often seen in older or low end telephoto lens es. Mustache distortion is observed particularly ... more details
End distortion In start stop signalling start stop teletypewriter operation, the shifting of the end of all marking pulses, except the stop pulse , from their proper positions in relation to the beginning of the next start pulse. Shifting of the end of the stop pulse is a deviation in grapheme character time and rate rather than an end distortion . Spacing end distortion is the termination of marking pulses before the proper time. Marking end distortion is the continuation of marking pulses past the proper time. The magnitude of the distortion is expressed as a percentage of an ideal pulse length. References FS1037C MS188 Category Telegrams telecomm stub ... more details
no footnotes date September 2011 In signal processing , phase distortion or phase frequency distortion is distortion that occurs when a a filter s phase response is not linear over the frequency range of interest, that is, the Phase waves phase shift introduced by a electrical network circuit or device is not directly proportional to frequency, or b the zero frequency intercept of the phase frequency characteristic is not 0 or an integral multiple of 2 radians. See also Audio system measurements References FS1037C MS188 Noise Category Electrical parameters physics stub ... more details
Attenuation distortion ref Rowe, Standord H. II, Network Technology & Service Integration 5th Edition , 2002, Prentice Hall, Inc., 2002 ref is the distortion of an analog signal that occurs during Transmission telecommunications transmission when the transmission medium does not have a flat frequency response across the Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth of the medium or the frequency spectrum of the signal. Attenuation distortion occurs when some frequencies are attenuate d more than other frequencies. When an analog signal of constant amplitude across its frequency spectrum suffers attenuation distortion, some frequencies of the received signal arrive being greater in amplitude louder , relative to other frequencies. To overcome the effects of attenuation distortion, communications circuit s have special equalization equipment attached at the ends of the circuit or in between, designed to attenuate the signal evenly across the frequency spectrum, or to allow the signal to be received at equal amplitude for all frequencies. Attenuation distortion can still occur in a properly equipped circuit if this equalization filter is not properly maintained or adjusted. In DSL circuits, reflection electrical echoes due to Impedance matching impedance mismatch often cause attenuation distortion so severe that some frequencies must be automatically mapped out and not used. References references Category Audio effects ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 Face distortion derived from the term distorting the face, refers to the condition of the human face when it comes into contact with an object moving at high enough speed to distort the face. This could result in anything from a concussion, to a broken jaw, to a fractured skull depending on the force of the object while it s moving to when it comes into contact with the face. Most face distortions are shown to be visible only in slow motion, as seen in popular showings of the event. Uses in popular culture Several movies, as well as some anime, involving boxing, martial arts, or other styles of fighting have scenes involving face distortion. Movies like Cinderella man , which involves American boxing has a few of these moments. Anime s like Bleach and Naruto contain moments of face distortion as well. Medical The medical aspect of a face distortion is usually the case involving the skull, neck, or brain. whatever treatment for the aftermath of a face distortion depends on the condition of the receiver after the event occurs. Category Head and neck ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Crossover distortion is a type of distortion which is caused by switching between devices driving a load, most often when the devices such as a transistor are matched. It is most commonly seen in complementary, or push pull , Class B amplifier Class B and AB Class B amplifier stages, although it is occasionally seen in other types of circuits as well. Image Class b transfer characteristic.png thumb 160px right Input Output characteristic of a Class B complementary emitter follower stage. The term crossover signifies the crossing over of the signal between devices ... crossover a filtering circuit which divides an audio signal into frequency bands. Distortion mechanism Image Crossover distortion.png thumb 300px left Crossover distortion. The image shows a typical ... is the most pronounced form of crossover distortion , and it becomes more evident and intrusive when the output voltage swing is reduced. Less pronounced forms of distortion may be observed in this circuit ... distortion, stemming from slight differences between the PNP and NPN devices, exist as well. Clear Possible solutions In the case of a class B AB amplifier, crossover distortion can be reduced ... distortion, although other types of crossover distortion will remain. As with most kinds of distortion, another way in which crossover distortion can be reduced is through the use of feedback . By comparing ... significantly reduce distortion. This may be done with an operational amplifier, as shown below, or with a discrete ... shown, the operational amplifier is used to reduce the distortion of a push pull pair. Op amps ..., hence eliminating distortion. With a more precise model of an operational amplifier with non infinite gain distortion is reduced by a factor equal to the gain of the op amp. Most modern power amplifier ... class AB in their output stages, and feedback, offering reasonable efficiency and good distortion figures. See also Electronic amplifier DEFAULTSORT Crossover Distortion Category Electronic amplifiers ... more details
This article is about Distortion festival, in Copenhagen. For other uses, see Distortion disambiguation . File Distortion logo.png thumb Add http www.cphdistortion.dk Copenhagen Distortion is a middle ... and web . History The name, the concept of mixing all genres and the tag line Distortion A Celebration ..., Copenhagen . Distortion became a 5 day mobile festival in June 2000, with seven parties in five days. Distortion started its international party hosting concept in 2004 with Colette hosting a radio show on a boat and an after party http 2004.cphdistortion.dk . By June 2008, Distortion had grown ... than 100.000 people http www.b.dk nationalt 100.000 til larmende fredelig distortion aabning Distortion profile A celebration of street life and nightlife Copenhagen Distortion is a celebration of streetlife ... and nightlife people, shops, clubs, galleries, labels, magazines . The characteristic Distortion atmosphere ... Tellier were booked for Distortion events before they had become underground heroes of international ... to focus strongly on outdoor street parties. In 2008 Distortion changed its tagline A Celebration ... Quarters Sankt Hans Torv Enghave Plads . http thecopenhagenreport.blogspot.com 2007 05 distortion festival .... Distortion happens each day in a different neighbourhood 5 days 5 areas , attracting 6,000 10,000 ... File Copenhagen Distortion.jpg thumb alt DJ Lyne and Nitai firing up the party at Distortion 2011. Copenhagen Distortion They played at Distortion parties Hot Chip UK 2005 Simian Mobile Disco UK ... Riton UK, 2005 Sebastien Tellier F 2005 ... Party Profile They hosted parties at Distortion events ... 2008 References Distortion 2004 web archive http 2004.cphdistortion.dk Politiken national daily ... http thecopenhagenreport.blogspot.com 2007 05 distortion festival 2007 countdown.html Photo & Video ... Submarine towing a party float to Distortion event beneath Knippelsbro bridge video http www.vimeo.com 1137082 External links http www.cphdistortion.dk Distortion website coord missing Denmark FestivalsDenmark ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Wiktionary Selective distortion is a term that refers to the tendency of people to interpret information in a way that will support what they already believe. This concept, along with selective attention and selective retention , makes it hard for marketers to get their message across and create good product perception. Citation needed date February 2007 DEFAULTSORT Selective Distortion Category Behavioral concepts Psych stub Socio stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 A distortion meter is a type of electronic test equipment used to determine specific frequencies that cause distortion in electronic devices. The device is primarily used in Audio equipment audio related equipment . Features and uses A typical unit injects a Signal electronics signal in to the input of a circuit and monitors the output of the circuit for distortion. Types and models Empty section date September 2010 See also Electronic test equipment Category Electronic test equipment Category Measuring instruments Category Laboratory equipment Category Electronics work tools Electronics stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 In functional analysis , a branch of mathematics, the distortion problem is to determine by how much one can distortion mathematics distort the unit sphere in a given Banach space using an equivalent norm. Specifically, a Banach space X is called distortable if there exists an equivalent norm x on X such that, for all infinite dimensional subspaces Y in X , math sup y 1,y 2 in Y, y i 1 frac y 1 y 2 ge lambda math see distortion mathematics . Note that every Banach space is trivially 1 distortable. A Banach space is called distortable if it is distortable for some 1. Distortability first emerged as an important property of Banach spaces in the 1960s, where it was studied by harvtxt James 1964 and harvtxt Milman 1971 . Milman showed that if X is a Banach space that does not contain an isomorphic copy of c sub 0 sub or sup p sup for some nowrap 1 &le p &infin see sequence space , then some infinite dimensional subspace of X is distortable. So the distortion problem is now primarily of interest on the spaces sup p sup , all of which are separable metric space separable . In separable spaces, distortability is equivalent to the ostensibly more general question of whether or not every real valued Lipschitz function math f math defined on the sphere in X stabilizes on the sphere of an infinite dimensional subspace, i.e., whether there is a real ... Hilbert space , the distortion problem is equivalent to the question of whether there exist subsets ... closed subspace. Unlike many properties of Banach spaces, the distortion problem seems to be as difficult on Hilbert spacs as on other Banach spaces. On a separable Hilbert space, the distortion ... 26 pages 79&ndash 163 . citation chapter Distortion and asymptotic structure first1 E last1 Odell ... Schlumprecht first2 Th. title The distortion problem of Hilbert space mr 1209302 year 1993 journal ... first1 E. last2 Schlumprecht first2 Th. title The distortion problem mr 1301394 year 1994 journal ... more details
In mathematics , the distortion is a measure of the amount by which a function mathematics function from the Euclidean plane to itself distorts circles to ellipses. If the distortion of a function is equal to one, then it is conformal map conformal if the distortion is bounded and the function is a homeomorphism , then it is quasiconformal mapping quasiconformal . The distortion of a function of the plane is given by math H z,f limsup r to 0 frac max h r f z h f z min h r f z h f z math which is the limitting eccentricity of the ellipse produced by applying to small circles centered at z . This geometrical definition is often very difficult to work with, and the necessary analytical features can be extrapolated to the following definition. A mapping R sup 2 sup from an open domain in the plane to the plane has finite distortion at a point x if is in the Sobolev space W su p 1,1 b loc , R sup 2 sup , the Jacobian matrix and determinant Jacobian determinant J x , is locally integrable and does not change sign in , and there is a measurable function K x 1 such that math Df x 2 le K x J x,f , math almost everywhere. Here Df is the weak derivative of , and Df is the Hilbert Schmidt norm . For functions on a higher dimensional Euclidean space R sup n sup , there are more measures of distortion because there are more than two principal axes of a symmetric tensor. The pointwise information is contained in the distortion ... 0. end cases math The outer distortion K sub O sub and inner distortion K sub I sub are defined via ... xi not 0 frac langle G 1 x xi, xi rangle n 2 xi n . math The outer distortion can also be characterized ... distortion if its Jacobian is locally integrable and does not change sign, and there is a measurable function K sub O sub the outer distortion such that math Df x n le K O x J x,f , math almost everywhere ... 2001 . Citation last1 Reshetnyak first1 Yu. G. title Space mappings with bounded distortion publisher ... more details
Infobox single Name Professional Distortion Cover Professional Distortion.jpg Artist Miss Kittin Album I Com Released start date 2004 05 17 ref name UKvinyl cite web last first url http www.discogs.com Miss Kittin Professional Distortion release 256746 title Miss Kittin Professional Distortion Vinyl UK Vinyl, 12 inch single work Discogs publisher Zinc Media, Inc date accessdate 2011 03 02 ref Format CD single , Maxi single Recorded Genre Breakcore , Electroclash , Synthpop Length Label Novamute Records NovaMute Writer Miss Kittin Caroline Herv , Thies Mynther, Tobias Neumann Producer Thies Mynther, Tobias Neumann Chronology Miss Kittin singles Last single The Beach song The Beach br 2003 This single Professional Distortion br 2004 Next single Requiem for a Hit br 2004 Misc External music video YouTube oko3X25GcFI Professional Distortion Professional Distortion is the first single from the Miss Kittin s first solo album I Com . It became her first solo song to chart on the French and UK Singles Charts. It was later included on her 2005 Extended play EP Mixing Me . ref cite web last Loftus ... Two official music videos were made for Professional Distortion . The original video featured Miss ... Distortion Otto von Schirach Remix live at the S nar festival and included it on her album Live ... 07 15 ref Track listing Professional Distortion Original Mix 3 17 Professional Distortion Otto von Schirach s God s Magnetic Cereal Pamper Mix 6 12 Professional Distortion Modeselektor s Big Muff Mix 3 45 Professional Distortion Kittin vs. Zdar Aka Pella Mix 2 43 Charts class wikitable sortable align ... Distortion accessdate 2010 05 28 align left UK Singles The Official Charts Company ref cite ... 2 External links http new.music.yahoo.com videos Miss Kittin Professional Distortion 2169233 ylt AhkKV Vx1nka95Q7Yzgsv0TesyUv Professional Distortion at Yahoo Music http www.youtube.com watch?v oko3X25GcFI Professional Distortion Animated version at YouTube Miss Kittin singles Category 2004 singles ... more details
refimprove date October 2007 Total Distortion is a 1995 full motion video adventure game for Apple Macintosh Mac and Microsoft Windows Windows , developed by Pop Rocket . It was critically acclaimed for being innovative and creative. ref http joesparks.com totaldistortion td awards.htm joesparks.com ref Originally slated for Q4 1993, the game was delayed until November 1995. ref cite web url http web.archive.org web 20090516110053 http www.gamespot.com features vaporware html number3.html title Hall of Shame Vaporware work GameSpot language English accessdate 8 January 2012 ref The gameplay has the player as a music video entrepreneur in the Distortion Dimension , a place where you fight Guitar Warriors which you face in guitar battle s. The ultimate goal of the game is to get fame points, make lots of money, and to film successful music video s. The game was also known for its sense of humor the game over screen featured the enemy singing a song known as You Are Dead featuring lyrics such as, You heart has stopped and your brain is cold... You are so so dead . One of the most distinctive features of the game was the sleep mode. When player went to sleep, a dream appeared which consisted of a minigame. If the player failed the dream sequence it would result in a nightmare , which decreased mental energy an important stat in the game . The programming of this game was headed up mostly by Joe Sparks , creator of Radiskull and Devil Doll . Story Six years before the producer s journey began into the Total Distortion dimension. An alien artifact was discovered by the US government ... Distortion Dimension to bring back music videos back to Earth. Do you have what it takes or will the Metal ...? References reflist External links moby game id total distortion name Total Distortion Sparks, Joe. http joesparks.com totaldistortion td awards.htm Total Distortion Awards , JoeSparks.com , 1997 ... Category Music management games Category Windows games Adventure videogame stub it Total Distortion ... more details
About the band the band s eponymous album Social Distortion album Use mdy dates date August 2010 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Social Distortion image Social Distortion ... name Social Distortion at Punknews cite web url http www.punknews.org bands socialdistortion title Social Distortion at Punknews publisher Punknews.org date accessdate 2011 07 17 ref Shattered Faith ref name Social Distortion at Punknews website URL http www.socialdistortion.com current members ... Social Distortion is an American punk rock band formed in 1978 in Fullerton, California . ref name ... Harding bass , and David Hidalgo, Jr. drums . Social Distortion temporarily disbanded in 1985 due ... Distortion has released seven full length studio albums, two compilation album compilations , one ... Distortion did not release their second album, Prison Bound , until 1988 which attracted the attention of Epic Records who signed the band in 1989. In 1990, Social Distortion released its highly successful Social Distortion album self titled third album which peaked at 128 on the US Billboard 200 Billboard 200 and featured their well known hit singles, Ball and Chain Social Distortion song Ball and Chain , Story of My Life Social Distortion song Story of My Life , and the cover of Johnny Cash ... Distortion album Greatest Hits compilation album which spawned the previously unreleased hit, Far Behind Social Distortion song Far Behind , were also well received. Social Distortion s most recent ... Ness says he wants to make another Social Distortion album in two years publisher Bunch.tv date accessdate 2011 10 28 ref History Early years 1978 82 Social Distortion was formed in late 1978 by frontman ... members changing every few years. The Adolescents song Kids of the Black Hole and Social Distortion ... a liking to Social Distortion, releasing the single 1945 on his 1981 compilation album, Rodney ... of Social Distortion . SocialDistortion.com. Retrieved on February 20, 2007. ref In 1984 the band ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Nonlinear distortion is a term used in fields such as electronics , audio and telecommunications to describe the phenomenon of a non linear relationship between the input and output signals of for example an electronic device. Model For many devices, a linear model is accurate only for small signal levels. For example, at 2 volt s input, a typical audio amplifier might put out 20 V, meaning the linear gain is 10 V V. For 3 V input, it might then output 30 V. However, the model implies that at 50 V input it would produce 500 V, which is not possible with most amplifiers. Mathematically, the input output relationship of many devices should be described by a polynomial or Taylor series , as shown below. math v sum k 1 infty a ku k math For larger values of u , the higher order coefficients such as math a 2 math and math a 3 math come into play. Effects of nonlinearity Nonlinearity can have several effects, which are unwanted in typical situations. The math a 3 math term for example would, when the input is a sine wave with frequency math omega math , result in an extra sine wave at math 3 omega math , as shown below. math v a 1 frac 3 4 a 3 sin omega t frac 1 4 a 3 sin 3 omega t math In certain situations, this spurious signal can be filtered away because the harmonic math 3 omega math lies far outside the frequency range used, but in cable television, for example, third order distortion could cause a 200 MHz signal to interfere with the regular channel at 600 MHz. Nonlinear distortion applied to a superposition of two signals at different frequencies causes the circuit to act as a frequency mixer , creating intermodulation distortion . DEFAULTSORT Nonlinear Distortion Category Electrical parameters pl Zniekszta cenia nieliniowe ... more details
Nofootnotes date April 2011 Parataxic distortion is a psychiatry psychiatric term first used by Harry ... . The distortion is in the perception of others, based not on actual experience with the individual .... Falling in love can create the atmosphere where parataxic distortion is primarily involved in the perception ... side by side distortion also results when the therapist s evaluation of the client is affected by past .... Parataxic distortion is very difficult to avoid completely, because of the nature of human learning and interaction. News media Media could also be a source of parataxic distortion, for example ... 2011 Parataxic distortion run parallel to stereotyping while it remains in the subconscious. As we use ... in our memory. When parataxic distortion occurs, it can be a positive emotion at first. Leading one to believe false expectations. Attachment theory Parataxic distortion can begin its stages of development ... theory correlates with Parataxic Distortion. It has been studied that adults are beginning to display ... distortion unconsciously to create an image that someone is perfect. They will see another person .... This can lead to parataxic distortion because they could draw from their memory bank that someone ... individual. Parataxic distortion is most effective in the realm of interpersonal communication. Parataxic distortion is seen most with physiologists and dealing with past events. For example, if a child ... and deal with situations in the present that we have dealt with in the past. Parataxic distortion ... realizing it. Defense mechanism When a person uses parataxic distortion as a defense mechanism it is to protect ... event but will act a certain way to protect from an outcome with the use of parataxic distortion. The use of distortion at this level is always pathological and makes coping with reality possible for the individual ... seem irrational and insane to people of the outside world. Parataxic Distortion as a defense ... problem with using this distortion as a defense mechanism is that the individual will create a non realistic ... more details
Distortion synthesis is a group of sound synthesis techniques which modify existing sounds to produce more complex sounds or timbres , usually by using Nonlinearity non linear Electronic circuit circuits or mathematics. ref name croads Nb. Some authors refer to these techniques as modulation synthesis e.g. Chapter 6 of cite book last Roads first Curtis title The computer music tutorial year 1996 publisher MIT Press ref While some synthesis methods achieve sonic complexity by using many Electronic oscillator oscillator s, distortion methods create a frequency spectrum which has many more components than oscillators. Jean Claude Risset was one notable pioneer in the adoption of distortion methods. Some distortion techniques are FM synthesis , ref Dodge 1997, pp.115 138 ref waveshaping synthesis, ref cite journal last Roads first Curtis date June, 1979 title A Tutorial on Non Linear Distortion or Waveshaping Synthesis journal Computer Music Journal publisher MIT Press volume 3 issue 2 pages 29 34 jstor 3680281 ref ref Dodge 1997, pp.139 157 ref and discrete summation formulas. ref Dodge 1997, pp.158 168 ref FM synthesis Frequency modulation synthesis distorts the carrier frequency of an oscillator by modulation modulating it with another signal. The distortion can be controlled by means of an Index mathematics index Disambiguation needed date February 2012 . ref cite journal author J. Chowning year 1973 title The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Frequency Modulation journal Journal of the Audio Engineering Society volume 21 issue 7 ref The method known as phase distortion synthesis is similar to FM. Waveshaping synthesis Waveshaper Waveshaping synthesis changes an original waveform by responding to its amplitude in a non linear fashion. ref Arfib, D. 1979. Digital synthesis of complex spectra by means of multiplication of non linear distorted sine waves. Journal ... chapter 5. Synthesis Using Distortion Techniques cite book last Chowning first John coauthors Bristow ... more details
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