Infobox Website name Google Mars logo File Google Mars logo.png screenshot File GoogleMars.png 250px caption url http mars.google.com mars.google.com commercial type Web mapping language Coverage details of Google Maps Multilingual registration No owner Google author Google launch date current status Active revenue Google Mars was at first an in browser version of Google Maps which provides a visible satellite imagery imagery view, like Google Moon , as well as infrared imagery and shaded relief elevation of the planet Mars . Users can toggle between the elevation , visible, and infrared data, in the same manner as switching between map, satellite, and hybrid modes of Google Maps. In collaboration with NASA scientists at the Mars Space Flight Facility located at Arizona State University , Google Mars provided the public with data collected from two NASA Mars missions, Mars Global Surveyor and 2001 Mars Odyssey . Inclusion In Google Earth 5 Google Earth version 5, released February 2, 2009, included a separate globe of the planet Mars that could be viewed. The images there are of a much higher resolution than those on the browser version, and include 3D renderings of the Martian terrain. There are also some extremely high resolution images from the MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter s HiRISE camera that are of a similar resolution to those of the cities on Earth. Finally, there are many high resolution panoramic images from various Mars landers such as the Mars Exploration Rovers , Spirit Rover Spirit and Opportunity Rover Opportunity that can be viewed in a similar way to Google Street View . See also Google Moon Google Sky Universe Sandbox External links http mars.google.com Google Mars Google Inc. GoogleMaps Category Google services Mars Category Google Maps Mars Category Mars Category Google Earth Mars fa fr Google Mars he Google Mars pl Google Mars pt Google Mars sv Google Mars ta zh Google ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 The Mars climate sounder is a major instrument on the MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter . The Mars Climate Sounder will look both down and horizontally through the Atmosphere of Mars atmosphere in order to quantify the global atmosphere s vertical variations of water vapor, dust and temperature. This instrument, supplied by NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, California Pasadena , California , utilizes recent technological advances to achieve the measurement objectives of a heavier, less compact instrument originally developed at JPL for the 1992 Mars Observer and 1998 Mars Climate Orbiter missions. External links http www.nasa.gov mission pages MRO spacecraft sc instru mcs.html NASA Mars Climate Sounder Category MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter Category Missions to Mars Category Spectrometers Category Spacecraft instruments US spacecraft stub ... more details
Lander seen from MRO during EDL2.jpg thumb left Camera on MarsReconnaissanceOrbiterMarsorbiter ... chronology mars.html title NASA A Chronology of Mars Exploration accessdate 2007 03 28 ref In 1971, shortly after the Cosmos 419 Cosmos 419 Mars 1971C , that intended to be a first Martian orbiter, was lost ... 1 orbiter photographed the landform that constitutes the so called Face on Mars on July 25, 1976 ... Lander on the surface of Mars. Main Mars 96 Main Mars Polar Lander Mars 96 , an orbiter launched ... in 1998 and 1999, with the Japanese Nozomi probe Nozomi orbiter and NASA s Mars Climate Orbiter ... unit s with metric system metric units , causing the orbiter to burn up while entering Mars atmosphere ... set off from Baikonur Cosmodrome to Mars. The Mars Express craft consists of the Mars Express Orbiter ... , a sample return mission to Phobos moon Phobos , along with the joint Chinese Yinghuo 1 Marsorbiter ... in 2008 Main Exploration of Mars A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars . Of multiple attempted Mars landings by robotic spacecraft robotic , unmanned spacecraft, six were successful. There have also been studies for a possible manned mission to Mars , including a landing, but none have been attempted. Map Mars map indicating landers Unmanned landings Mars probe program Main Mars probe program In 1969, the Soviet Union prepared a 5 ton orbiter called M 69. Two copies of the probe, Mars 1969A and Mars 1969B , were lost in launch related complications caused by problems ... Union successfully sent probes Mars 2 and Mars 3 , as part of the Mars probe program M 71. The Mars ... artifacts to touch down on Mars. Mars 2 lander impacted on Mars only while Mars 3 was the first ... of the first picture. These spaceprobes also contained the first Mars mini rovers, although they were broken on landing. The Mars 2 and 3 orbiters sent back a large volume of data covering the period ... 1972, after sending back data and a total of 60 pictures, Mars 2 and 3 concluded their missions ... more details
File The Phobos Monolith.jpg thumb Crop of HiRISE PSP 009342 1725 br 7.2S, 267.4 E The Mars monolith is a rectangular boulder discovered on the surface of Mars . ref name wolch http www.msnbc.msn.com id 47024373 ns technology and science science .T4oJeVFSTYQ Natalie Wolchover Mars monolith isn t the work of Martians 2012 MSNBC ref It is located near the bottom of a cliff, which it likely fell from in the past. ref name wolch ref http abcnews.go.com blogs technology 2012 04 nasa reevaluates mars program after budget cuts Alexandra Ludka NASA Reevaluates Mars Program After Budget Cuts 2012 ABC News ref A MarsReconnaissanceOrbiterMars probe took pictures of it from orbit, roughly 180 miles 300 km away. ref name wolch References reflist See also Phobos monolith , boulder on Martian moon External links http www.uahirise.org PSP 009342 1725 Boulders and Layers in Canyon NASA http hrscview.fu berlin.de cgi bin ion p?ION E1 UPDATE 3Aion 3A 2F 2Fhrscview2.ion&ION E2 control 3Aion 3A 2F 2Fhrscview2.ion&image 0442 0008&image1 1 image&pos 7.124S 2C 267.44E&scale 69&viewport 900x600&basemap on on&basemap MOLAshaded&hrsc on on&mode mars&pansharpen on&pview North&exag 1&UPDATE Update view&image0 0442 0008&code 56217437 HRSC ESA overview of HiRISE image region by Mars Express Category Rocks on Mars Category Monoliths ... more details
Gas Orbiter TGO would be the successor to the MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter , which may still be operational ... orbiter carrier to Mars in 2016 as part of the European led ExoMars mission. ref name September 2009 ... NASA s Mars Science Orbiter MSO was originally envisioned in 2008 as an all NASA endeavor aiming ... to launch only one orbiter. ref name split The agreement, called Mars Joint Exploration Initiative ... molecules at the 1 part per billion concentration. Payload Like Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter , the Trace ... of the Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter downlink. Relay communication addresses this problem ... Mars orbiters, while the orbiter takes on the task of communicating over the long distance ...Infobox Spacecraft Name ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Image File ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.jpg 250px Caption ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter with Europe s entry, descent and landing demonstration vehicle Organization ESA and Russian Federal Space Agency Major Contractors Thales Alenia Space Mission Type Orbiter carrier Satellite Of Mars Orbital Insertion Date October 2016 Launch January 2016 ref name September 2009 status Citation first J. L. Vago last coauthors contribution Mars Panel Meeting title Planetary ... Proton rocket Proton rocket Decay Mission Duration 1 Mars year orbital science mission br Telecom ... 2016 ESA NASA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter title MEPAG June 2011 publisher Jet Propulsion Laboratory ... circular altitude Periapsis Orbits The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter TGO is a collaborative proposal between ... of Atmosphere of Mars Methane methane on Mars and other gases, and in doing so, help select the landing ... the presence of small amounts of Atmosphere of Mars Methane methane on the atmosphere of Mars that has been shown to vary with location and time. ref http mepag.jpl.nasa.gov decadal TGM Mars Panel cleared 9 4 09.ppt Mars Trace Gas Mission September 10, 2009 ref ref name plumes Cite journal title Strong Release of Methane on Mars in Northern Summer 2003 journal Science date February 20, 2009 ... more details
, Mars Express , and MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter another rover MSL Curiosity Curiosity is en ... Exploration Rover Phoenix lander See Mars landing for more on the landers. MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter Main MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter File Martian Dust Devil Trails.jpg thumb right Whirlwind trails on Martian sand dunes MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit. The 720 million USD spacecraft was built by Lockheed ..., USA MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter 12 August 2005 10 March 2006 Currently operational Orbiter Success ... as an orbiter only, while the second and third probes of project M 71, Mars 2 and Mars 3 , were multi ... returning useful scientific data. Image Mars 3.gif thumb left Mars 3 orbiter lander The Mars 2 ... orbiter, NASA retooled and launched Mars Global Surveyor MGS . This mission was the first successful ... luck ended when NASA s Mars Odyssey orbiter arrived. Its mission is to use spectrometer s and imagers ... set off from Baikonur Cosmodrome to Mars. The Mars Express craft consists of the Mars Express Orbiter ... arm in order to accurately analyze soil beneath the dusty surface. The orbiter entered Mars ... mission to Mars . See also, colonization of Mars . Probing difficulties File Mars Climate OrbiterMars encounter PIA02330.jpg thumb right Mars Climate Orbiter returned this one image of Mars in 1999 before crashing into it Main Phobos 1 Mars Observer Mars 96 Nozomi probe Mars Climate OrbiterMars .... Mars 96 , an orbiter launched on November 16, 1996 by Russia failed, when the planned second burn ... and NASA s Mars Climate Orbiter , Mars Polar Lander , and Deep Space 2 penetrators all suffering various fatal errors. Mars Climate Orbiter is infamous for Lockheed Martin engineers mixing up the usage ... 24px link Soviet space program Soviet space programme Mars 1969A 27 March 1969 27 March 1969 Orbiter ... Mars 1969B 2 April 1969 2 April 1969 Orbiter Launch failure Mission 1970 1989 Launch Arrival at Mars ... more details
open as it descends in the Martian atmosphere. This picture was taken by the MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter with HiRISE A Mars aircraft is a vehicle for flying in the atmosphere of Mars . Several concepts have been proposed and even tested on Earth, but none have been sent to Mars. They may provide in situ measurements of the atmosphere of Mars , as well as additional observations. In a future human mission, piloted Mars aircraft could allow astronauts to fly around Mars quickly. ref http www.airspacemag.com ... ref Airplanes The gravity on Mars is lower, but the air is thinner. ref name uk1 Prototype Mars ... BIG BLUE High Altitude UAV Demonstrator of Mars Airplane Technology ref The Reynold s number must be very ... of Kentucky ref One plan is to send an unmanned Mars plane on a flight into Valles Marineris . ref ... Survey ref name ares Ares Mars Airplane http marsairplane.larc.nasa.gov website ref Kitty Hawk ref name john http www.jmcgowan.com marsplane.html John F. McGowan, Ph.D. Wings on Mars December 3, 1999 ref MAGE Mars Airborne Geophysical Explorer ref name john AME Airplane for Mars Exploration ref name ame http www.nasa.gov centers ames research technology onepagers mars airplane.html Mars Airplane Ames Research Center ref MATADOR Mars Advanced Technology Airplane for Deployment, Operations and Recovery ... sailor.ethz.ch Sky Sailor ref HiRISE pictures draped over 3D models can provide virtual Mars flyovers ... Candor ChasmaMar. 9, 2010 ref The same can be done with Mars Express HRSC data. ref http www.geoinf.fu berlin.de eng projects mars highlight011 MawrthVallisAnimation.php Highlight of the Month January Mawrth Vallis Animation 2012 ref Other aircraft Mars Geoscience Aerobot ref http trs new.jpl.nasa.gov dspace handle 2014 21938 Mars Balloon Trajectory Model for Mars Geoscience Aerobot Development 1997 ... multimedia http news.discovery.com space ultra efficient aircraft nasa mars 111020.html Ultra ... Flight System Options for a Long Duration Mars Airplane .pdf Category Proposed spacecraft Category ... more details
Infobox Aircraft Begin name Orbiter image Image Bespilotna letelica Orbiter VS.JPG caption A Serbian Orbiter UAV Infobox Aircraft Type type Surveillance aircraft Reconnaissance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV national origin Israel manufacturer Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd Aeronautics Defense Systems designer first flight introduced retired status primary user more users produced number built variants with their own articles The Orbiter Mini UAV System Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV is a compact and lightweight system designed for use in Military and Homeland Security missions. It has been used with great effect in the Middle East since it was first developed. The system is used for Over The Hill reconnaissance missions, Low Intensity Conflicts and Urban warfare operations as well as any close range ISTAR mission. It is manufactured by the Israel i company Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd . ref http www.aeronautics sys.com ?CategoryID 254&ArticleID 169&Page 1 ref According to news reports, a Orbiter Mini UAV, operated by the Mexico Mexican Federal Government , likely the Federal Police Mexico Federal Police , malfunctioned on December 17, 2010. During a surveillance operation, it crossed the border into US airspace and crashed in El Paso, TX . ref http www.cnn.com 2010 US 12 17 texas.mexican.drone index.html?hpt Sbin ref No property was damaged, as the UAV apparently deployed a parachute during its decent. It was reported to and retrieved by U.S. Customs and Border Protection . Operators AZE Azerbaijani Land Forces FIN Finnish Army ref http www.puolustusvoimat.fi portal puolustusvoimat.fi ut p c5 vZHLjqpAFEW xQ QKiykZKhYQFEgaPEQJgQfzatL6aYDwtdfk57dpB0Zzxnu7LOSdUACHnvNujLPfsrbNfsEB5AoqTFXlqYFJdVlzhpS14Yhtj1J281BBA5QTnk1NHSsx3017gbfTzzfJ71D6sEhPw7HCeWV5fK6HbfV1uKwlXzSDtBRpVDfkRUrkjNxJo9byTOaAZ ... receive Orbiter UAV from Israel ref ref http www.reuters.com article latestCrisis idUSLG436688 ref POL ... Category Unmanned aerial vehicles of Israel UAV stub az Aeronautics Orbiter pl Aeronautics Orbiter ru Orbiter sr ... more details
Image Recovery Project Lunar ReconnaissanceOrbiter Ranger program Surveyor program Apollo program ...citations missing article date July 2008 Image Lunar orbiter 1 large .jpg thumb 300px Lunar orbiter spacecraft NASA The Lunar Orbiter program was a series of five unmanned space mission unmanned Moon lunar orbiter missions launched by the United States from 1966 through 1967. Intended to help select ... Hughes, Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon http www.lpi.usra.edu resources lunar orbiter ... altitude polar orbits. Lunar Orbiter 4 photographed the entire nearside and 9 of the far side, and Lunar Orbiter 5 completed the far side coverage and acquired medium 20 m and high 2 m resolution images of 36 pre selected areas. All Lunar Orbiter craft were launched by an Atlas Agena D launch vehicle ... Orbiter missions, the first pictures of Earth as a whole were taken, beginning with Earth rise over the lunar surface by Lunar Orbiter 1 in August, 1966. The first full picture of the whole Earth was taken by Lunar Orbiter 5 in August, 1967. See http www.aiga.org content.cfm symbolizing the green movement. The second photo of the whole Earth was taken by Lunar Orbiter V on November 10, 1967. This photo ... http history.nasa.gov SP 4308 ch10.htm 352 title Whole Earth work Lunar Orbiter V publisher NASA date ... Lunar Orbiter diagram.png thumb Lunar Orbiter diagram NASA The main bus of the Lunar Orbiter had the general ... U 2 U 2 and Lockheed SR 71 Blackbird SR 71 reconnaissance aircraft. ref cite web url http www.thespacereview.com ... DESTINATION MOON A History of the Lunar Orbiter Program publisher NASA first Bruce K. last Byers accessdate 2010 12 18 date 1977 04 ref Results The Lunar Orbiter program consisted of five spacecraft ... Orbiter program was managed by NASA Langley Research Center at a total cost of roughly 200 million. Image Lunar Orbiter camera large .jpg thumb Lunar Orbiter camera NASA Below is the flight log information of the five Lunar Orbiter photographic missions ref Hansen, T.P. 1970 . Guide to Lunar Orbiter ... more details
A Uranus orbiter and probe is a mission to explore the planet Uranus , its atmosphere, rings, and moons, was recommended to NASA in 2011 by its http solarsystem.nasa.gov 2013decadal Planetary Science Decadal Survey 2013 2022 ref http solarsystem.nasa.gov multimedia download detail.cfm?DL ID 742 Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013 2022 ref . A mission study ref name mission study http sites.nationalacademies.org SSB SSB 059331 Uranus and Neptune Orbiter and Probe Concept Studies, Ice Giants Decadal Study ref was conducted which also considered Neptune however, for feasibility reasons Neptune was dropped in favor of Uranus. Two white papers on Uranus exploration were also submitted to the decadal survey. ref name hof http www.lpi.usra.edu decadal opag UranusOrbiter v7.pdf THE CASE FOR A URANUS ORBITER , Mark Hofstadter et al. ref ref http www.lpi.usra.edu decadal opag IceGiantAtmospheres v7.pdf THE ATMOSPHERES OF THE ICE GIANTS, URANUS AND NEPTUNE , Mark Hofstadter et al. ref The survey listed the Uranus orbiter and probe as the third priority for a flagship mission after the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher MAX C rover and the JEO component of the Europa Jupiter System Mission . Although a Rocket engine Chemically powered chemical propulsion mission to Uranus is possible, solar power solar powered Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion electric propulsion is preferred as it will allow a larger spacecraft mass. The proposed mission would launch in the years 2020 2023. Travel time to Uranus with solar electric propulsion would be 13 years, with one Earth flyby gravity assist, with launch windows from Earth of 21 days every year. ref name mission study ... ref U.S. plans to develop more planetary flagships beyond the 2.5 billion Mars Science Laboratory MSL ... Uranus Orbiter was recommended by one study for the next decade. ref name hof See also Planetary ... spacecraft Category NASA probes fr Uranus orbiter and probe ru Uranus orbiter and probe ... more details
Climate Orbiter launched in 1998, 2001 Mars Odyssey launched in 2001, MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter ... 2 style background e5e5e5 MarsOrbiter Camera Mars Observer Camera MOC File Mars Observer MOC2 ... 2 style background e5e5e5 MarsOrbiter Laser Altimeter Mars Observer Laser Altimeter MOLA File Mars ... on Mars Climate Orbiter colspan 2 style background e5e5e5 Gamma Ray Spectrometer GRS File Mars ...Infobox Spacecraft Name Mars Observer Image Image Mars Observer.jpg 290px Caption Artist rendering of Mars Observer in orbit around Mars. Mission Identifier File S072710127.png 75px Organization NASA JPL Major Contractors Lockheed Martin General Electric Astro Space Mission Type Orbiter Flyby Of Satellite Of Mars Launch 1992 09 25 17 05 01 UTC br small For year month day year 1992 month 09 day 25 ago ...?MCode MarsObserver Mars Observer home br small http replay.waybackmachine.org 20040216034435 http spacelink.nasa.gov NASA.Projects Space.Science Solar.System Mars.Observer .index.html Mars Observer ... Nickel cadmium battery NiCad batteries The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience Climatology Orbiter , was a 1,018 kilogram 2,244 lb Robotic spacecraft robotic space probe launched ... were unsuccessful. Mission background History In 1984, a high priority mission to Mars was set forth by the Solar System Exploration Committee. Then titled the Mars Geoscience Climatology Orbiter , the Martian orbiter was planned to expand on the vast information already gathered by the Viking program ... pixel and global elevation data. ref name 1990 Return to Mars cite journal last1 Eberhart first1 Jonathon year 1986 title NASA Sets Sensors for 1990 Return to Mars journal Science News volume 239 issue 21 pages 330 publisher Society for Science & the Public jstor 3970693 ref Mars Observer was originally planned to be launched in 1990 by a Space Shuttle Space Shuttle Orbiter . The possibility for an expendable ... constraints. ref name 1990 Return to Mars On March 12th, 1987, the mission was rescheduled for launch ... more details
ReconnaissanceOrbiter . RODM is currently being tested by NASA and ESA. United Kingdom Mars Society ...Infobox Non profit Non profit name Mars Society Non profit logo Image MarsSocietyLogo.jpg 300px Non profit ... area served International product focus Space advocacy and Manned mission to Mars method revenue ... dissolved footnotes The Mars Society is an international space advocacy non profit organization dedicated to promoting the human exploration and settlement of the planet Mars . It was founded ... the public, the media and government of the benefits of Mars exploration, networking the communities ... http www.marssociety.org home about purpose Mars Society Purpose ref History The Society was formally ... from leading Mars exploration advocates. Since then, the Society, guided by its International ... work to promote the ideals of space exploration and the opportunities for exploring Mars. The Mars Society s goals aren t purely theoretical. Its aim is to show that Mars is an achievable goal through a practical series of technical and other projects, including these further development of the Mars Direct mission plan to send humans to Mars ref http www.rps.psu.edu 0305 direct.html Penn State Mars Direct ref the Mars Analogue Research Station Program Mars Analog Research Station Program MARS analogues of possible future Mars habitation units, located in Mars like environments. Established stations include the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station FMARS and the Mars Desert Research Station Mars Desert Research Station MDRS the Mars Society Analogue Pressurized Rover a competition to design a pressurized rover vehicle that could be used on Mars that was won by the Michigan Mars Rover Team . ref http www.marssociety.org Mars Society Pressurized Rover ref the Mars Gravity Biosatellite a program to design, build, and launch a satellite rotated to artificially provide partial gravity of 0.38g, equivalent to that of Mars, and hosting a small ... more details
unreferenced date September 2008 Route Reconnaissance is the intelligence assessment of the operational environment in reconnaissance operations of routes for military use, including methods of reconnoitering and classifying them for other troops. In a Tactical Area of Responsibility during combat operations the primary purpose of conducting route reconnaissance is to find and report all enemy forces that can interfere with movement along a route, and to identify the limit of direct fire range and dominant terrain terrain that dominates the route. Route reconnaissance includes creation of reconnaissance overlays to identify land and water features, bridge reconnaissance and bridge classification classification , road reconnaissance and road structure and design classification , special terrain reconnaissance such as that used during cross country movement , at the landing area s, on the inland waterway s, or when using footpaths and trail s, engineer reconnaissance , and use of military route sign s standard signs, sign lighting, bridge signs . A significant part of route reconnaissance is the ability to identify choke point s that prohibit military traffic by using conversion factors and tables to identify non standard surfaces or inadequate load bearing in structure. To do so, military load classification s are used for standard vehicles of a given armed force . Route reconnaissance is typically conducted by a foot, horse or vehicle mounted route reconnaissance patrol , sometimes with aid of aerial reconnaissance aircraft . The patrol would include regular reconnaissance elements and a combat engineering team. Category Military engineering Category Maneuver tactics ... more details
Reconnaissance is exploration conducted to gain information. Reconnaissance may also refer to Reconnaissance military , the active seeking to determine a foe s intentions by collecting and gathering information about an enemy s composition and capabilities along with pertinent environmental conditions Network Reconnaissance , an exploration or enumeration of network infrastructure including network addresses, available communication ports, and available services See also Recce disambiguation Disambig ... more details
Infobox military unit unit name The Reconnaissance Corps image File Reconnaissance Corps Badge.jpg 150px caption Badge of the Reconnaissance Corps dates 1941 1946 country United Kingdom branch Image Flag of the British Army.svg 23px British Army Army type role Reconnaissance size garrison ceremonial ... battles notable commanders anniversaries The Reconnaissance Corps or simply Recce Corps was a short ... from the Far East to Europe during the Second World War. It was formed from Infantry Brigade Reconnaissance Groups on 14 January 1941. All the Brigade reconnaissance groups of each infantry Corps were formed into reconnaissance battalions, each usually bearing the number of its relevant Division. For example, the 43rd Battalion, Reconnaissance Corps based on the 5th Battalion, the Gloucestershire Regiment was the divisional reconnaissance battalion of the 43rd Wessex Infantry Division . ref http ... 2007. ref Initially, coming from infantry units, reconnaissance units used the infantry designations ... Mills, Land Forces of Britain Reconnaissance Corps page. Retrieved 26 November 2007. ref It became ... supporting an upright spear. With the end of the war, this number of reconnaissance units was not needed and the Corps was disbanded in August 1946. Reconnaissance duties reverted to Regular armoured ... right Unit sign used to identify all reconnaissance vehicles The Reconnaissance Corps was charged ... e.g. Driver Operator. During training with a reconnaissance unit emphasis was placed on both ... such as Parachute Regiment United Kingdom The Parachute Regiment . Reconnaissance Regiments were organised into a headquarters squadron including anti tank, signals and mortar troops and three reconnaissance .... Scout troops were equipped with Light Reconnaissance Cars LRCs such as the Humber Light Reconnaissance ... pages . ref Units 1st Reconnaissance Regiment 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron 2nd Reconnaissance Regiment 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment 4th Reconnaissance Regiment 5th Reconnaissance Regiment ... more details
unreferenced date June 2011 Preliminary or pre D Day military term D Day reconnaissance is the reconnaissance that is used prior to the principal events of any major theater of war or landing force projection. The term is not similar to the initial word reconnaissance , as preliminary reconnaissance only prescribes the reconnaissance that is being conducted beforehand , and not during , u any u deployments, military operations, or maneuver warfare movement of troops . This method of intelligence gathering generally operates within the highest military intelligence tiers, or level of the intelligence general staff , for intelligence collection management as it allows the combatant commander combatant , landing force , and or task force commanders to better situate and prepare troops for the best feasible deployment, or landing, to achieve the utmost advantage. Aerial reconnaissance Aerial and Terrestrial reconnaissance ground reconnaissance elements are collateral to preliminary reconnaissance since it may require both assets to gain the appropriate preliminary intelligence. Examples of preliminary reconnaissance is best displayed when the United States Marines of the VAC Amphib Recon Company , during World War II , would reconnoiter the beaches and inland for their landing task force commanders, a method consecutively known as amphibious reconnaissance . The vital intelligence would dictate the actions of the commander s tactical battle plan of landing the troops ashore. Category Maneuver tactics ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 This article incorporates text from the http www.gpoaccess.gov int pdf int015.pdf United States Government access site. Spatial reconnaissance , or space reconnaissance , is the reconnaissance of any celestial bodies in space by use of spacecraft and satellite photography . NASA personnel utilizes space reconnaissance to scout other planets, military uses space reconnaissance by using spy satellites onto the Earth s surface. Space reconnaissance assets provide access to all parts of the globe and use a variety of sensors to collect information responsive to virtually every intelligence need. They also constitute an integral part of the U.S. military force structure, providing critical information with sufficient accuracy and timeliness to support the maneuver of military forces and the targeting of their weapons. Space reconnaissance is also very expensive. Although procured in limited numbers, the large satellite systems developed by the United States and the ground stations needed to operate them require expenditures in the range of several billions of dollars per year. Their substantial cost puts great pressure on the Intelligence Community to search for alternatives, find efficiencies, and continuously scrutinize the intelligence requirements these systems address. See also Reconnaissance satellite Aerial surveillance National Reconnaissance Office DEFAULTSORT Spatial Reconnaissance Category Reconnaissance satellites Category Spaceflight concepts Category Surveillance ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Terrestrial reconnaissance , or ground recon, is a type of reconnaissance that is employed along the elements of ground warfare . It is the intelligence collection management collection of intelligence that strictly involves routes, areas, zones terrain oriented and the enemy force oriented . Ground reconnaissance is considered to be the most effective type of reconnaissance but also the slowest method in obtaining information about the terrain and enemy. Those units in contact with the enemy, especially patrols, are among the most reliable sources of information. Combat engineers are also good sources of information. These engineer units often conduct engineer reconnaissance of an area and can provide detailed reporting on lines of communications i.e., roads, rivers, railroad lines, bridges, and obstacles to maneuver. See also Armoured reconnaissance Category Maneuver tactics Category Military engineering Category Military intelligence collection ... more details
unreferenced date November 2010 Infobox Spacecraft Name Mars 2 Image Image Mars3 iki.jpg 250px Caption Mars 2 Orbiter Organization USSR Major Contractors Mission Type Orbiter and lander Orbital Insertion ... to send signals from the landers to Earth. The Mars 2 orbiter sent back a large volume of data covering ... of probe. The Mars 2 descent module was mounted on the bus orbiter opposite the propulsion system ... h Apoapsis convert 24940 km mi abbr on Periapsis convert 1380 km mi abbr on Orbits 362 The Mars 2 was an unmanned space probe of the Mars program , a series of unmanned Mars Lander spacecraft lander s and orbiter s launched by the Soviet Union in the early 1970s. Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions consisted of identical spacecraft, each with an orbiter and an attached lander, they were launched by Proton rocket Proton K heavy launch vehicle with a Blok D upper stage. The lander of Mars 2 became the first man made object to reach the surface of Mars. Launch Date Time Mars 2 1971 05 19 at 16 22 44 UTC Launch mass including fuel Combined convert 4650 kg lb abbr on Orbiter convert 3440 kg lb abbr on Lander ... panels deployed Orbiter The orbiter engine performed a burn to put the spacecraft into a 1380 x 24,940 km, 18 hour orbit about Mars with an inclination of 48.9 degrees. Scientific instruments were generally turned on for about 30 minutes near periapsis. The orbiter primary scientific objectives were to image the Martian surface and clouds, determine the temperature on Mars, study the topography .... It was announced that Mars 2 had completed their mission by 22 August 1972, after 362 orbits. The probe, combined with Mars 3, sent back a total of 60 pictures. The images and data revealed mountains ... field s. Lander Infobox Spacecraft Name Mars 2 Lander Image File Mars3 lander vsm.jpg 250px Caption Mars 2 Lander model at the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics in Russia Organization USSR Mission ... of the Mars 3 Lander at the NPO Lavochkin Museum. On November 27, 1971 due to on board computer malfunction ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 File BundeswehrFennek.jpg 250px thumb A Fennek armoured reconnaissance vehicle of the German Army . Armoured reconnaissance is terrestrial reconnaissance by soldiers in reconnaissance vehicle s. The mission of armoured reconnaissance is to gather intelligence about the enemy. Armoured reconnaissance units Australia In the Australian Army the main reconnaissance vehicle is the ASLAV ... Rover Perentie . Armoured reconnaissance regiments in the Australian Army Regular Australian 2nd Cavalry ... Army has two armoured reconnaissance regiments 1st Regiment Mounted Rifles Guides 2nd 4th Regiment ... and reconnaissance recce capacities. While Lord Strathcona s Horse Royal Canadians is a tank heavy ... as armoured recce. Armoured reconnaissance regiments in the Reserve Force. The Governor General s Horse ... of Bornholm Germany In 2005 the reconnaissance units of the German Army were restructured. The former Panzeraufkl rungstruppe armored reconnaissance corps , Fernsp htruppe long range reconnaissance ... been combined to the new Heeresaufkl rungstruppe army reconnaissance corps . Now the German Army is operating five reconnaissance bataillons and five independent companies Armoured Reconnaissance Aufkl rungslehrkompanie 90, Munster Aufkl rungskompanie 210, Augustdorf Longe Range Reconnaissance Fernsp hlehrkompanie 200, Pfullendorf Airborne Reconnaissance Luftlandeaufkl rungskompanie 260, Zweibr cken Luftlandeaufkl rungskompanie 310, Seedorf Reconnaissance Bataillons Aufkl rungslehrbataillon 3, L neburg ... with communication, maintenance and transport. 2. armoured reconnaissance company The armoured reconnaissance operates all Fennek vehicle of the bataillon. They are organized in six platoons of each four vehicle. Two Fennek form a scout squad , called ,,Sp htrupp . 3. light reconnaissance company The light reconnaissance company includes three HUMINT platoons ,,Feldnachrichtenz ge and one scout ... are very similar although the ISTAR squadrons focus more on long range reconnaissance operations. Recently ... more details
Engineer reconnaissance is the reconnaissance operations performed by combat engineers to enable forward movement of own troops, in war usually over territory previously occupied by the enemy. The activity includes provision of reconnaissance instructions on the intended route for which a commander needs an engineer reconnaissance report , identification of road symbols road and bridge symbols , posting of safe transit notices for identified Standard Bridge Capacity bridge capacities , estimation for time and materials required to effect route repair , and performance of demolition reconnaissance to identify intended enemy demolitions. Category Military engineering Category Maneuver tactics ... more details
MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter images suggest an unusual erosion effect occurs based on Mars unique climate ... temperature measurements with the TES instrument. The MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter is currently ..., M. et al. 2010. An overview of the 1985 2006 MarsOrbiter Camera science investigation. MARS INFORMATICS ... , principal investigator for the MarsOrbiter Camera MOC . ref cite web title Evaporating ice author ... 20050920a.html Orbiter s Long Life Helps Scientists Track Changes on Mars ref on Mars . In a summary of observations with the MarsOrbiter Camera, researchers speculated that some dry ice may have ... Exploration of MarsMars Climate Orbiter MetNet a widespread surface observation network in Mars ...File Mars Valles Marineris.jpeg thumb right 250px Mosaic image of Mars as seen by Viking 1 , 22 February 1980 The climate of Mars has been an issue of scientific curiosity for centuries, not least because Mars is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be directly observed in detail from the Earth. Although Mars is smaller at 11 of Earth s mass and 50 farther from the Sun than the Earth, its ... climatologists . Although Mars s climate has similarities to Earth s, including seasons and periodic ... frozen water exists and much lower thermal inertia. Mars atmosphere has a scale height of approximately ... leading to some popular press speculation that Mars was undergoing a parallel bout of global warming ... of Mars date 23 September 2005 publisher Astronomy Magazine author Francis Reddy accessdate 2007 09 06 ref Mars has been studied by Earth based instruments since as early as the 17th century but it is only since the exploration of Mars began in the mid 1960s that close range observation has been possible ... and continuing with such probes as the highly successful Mars Global Surveyor . This observational work has been complemented by a type of scientific computer simulation called the Mars General Circulation Model . ref cite web title Mars General Circulation Modeling author NASA publisher NASA url ... more details
refimprove date February 2011 File SR 71A in flight near Beale AFB 1988.JPEG thumb right A USAF SR 71 high speed reconnaissance aircraft A reconnaissance aircraft is a manned military aircraft designed, or adapted, to carry out aerial reconnaissance . History main Aerial reconnaissance History The majority of World War I aircraft were reconnaissance designs. Aerial reconnaissance was mostly carried out by versions of standard fighter aircraft fighters and bomber s equipped with cameras until the Cold War , when the United States developed several dedicated reconnaissance designs, including the Lockheed U 2 U 2 and the SR 71 . Today much of the strategic role has passed over to Spy satellite satellites , and the tactical role to unmanned aerial vehicle s. See also Aerial reconnaissance Surveillance aircraft List of United States Air Force Reconnaissance Aircraft External links http www.spyflight.co.uk spyflight http www.RC135.com A Tale of Two Airplanes by Kingdon R. King Hawes, Lt Col, USAF Ret. They Brave Death for a Picture desperate chances taken by the flying camera men , Popular Science monthly, January 1919, page 18 19, Scanned by Google Books http books.google.com books?id HykDAAAAMBAJ&pg PA18 http www.yo 3a.com Army Lockheed YO 3A Silent Airplane in Vietnam Military aircraft types roles Category Reconnaissance aircraft da Rekognosceringsfly de Aufkl rungsflugzeug es Avi n de reconocimiento fr Avion de reconnaissance ou de surveillance it Aereo da ricognizione no Rekognoseringsfly pl Samolot rozpoznawczy ... more details
seen from space by the MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter MRO HiRISE Although the mission was programed ... catalog PIA09105 Pathfinder landing site as seen from orbit by MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter ... ReconnaissanceOrbiter spotted Pathfinder in January 2007 right . ref cite news url http www.newscientist.com ... , Marsorbiter that arrived in 1997 Materials Adherence Experiment Notes Reflist 2 References ...For the Unmanned aerial vehicle unmanned aerial vehicles NASA Pathfinder Infobox Spacecraft Name Mars Pathfinder Image File Mars Pathfinder Lander preparations.jpg 300px Caption Pathfinder and Sojourner ... lander , 10.5 kg rover Power 35 W lander 13 W rover Mars Pathfinder MESUR Pathfinder ref Cite news publisher Washington Post title One Way or Another, Space Agency Will Hitch a Ride to Mars date November ... Nov 13 2C 1993&author Kathy Sawyer&desc One Way or Another 2C Space Agency Will Hitch a Ride to Mars ... exploration roving probe on Mars in 1997. It consisted of a Lander spacecraft lander , renamed the Carl ... 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a Delta II booster a month after the Mars Global Surveyor was launched, it landed on July 4, 1997 on Mars Ares Vallis , in a region called Chryse Planitia in the Oxia Palus quadrangle ... , a division of the California Institute of Technology , responsible for NASA s Exploration of MarsMars Exploration Program . The project manager was JPL s Tony Spear . File Sojourner on Mars PIA01122.jpg thumb Sojourner rover on Mars on sol 22 This mission was the first of a series of missions to Mars ... of the Lunokhod program in the 1970s, its attempts to use rovers in its Mars probe program failed ... title The First Rover on Mars accessdate 2012 04 05 first Charlene Anderson date August 1990 publisher The Planetary Report ref In addition to scientific objectives, the Mars Pathfinder mission ... obstacle avoidance, both later exploited by the Mars Exploration Rover s. The Mars Pathfinder was also remarkable for its extremely low cost relative to other unmanned space missions to Mars. Originally ... more details
intended to exploration of Mars explore Mars , and included planetary flyby flyby probes, Lander spacecraft landers and orbiter orbiters . Early Mars spacecraft were small, and launched by Molniya rocket ... larger 5 tonne spacecraft, consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars. The orbiter bus design ... mass Dry 2270 kg Fully fuelled 3440 kg The Mars 4 orbiter reached Mars on February ... Mars, as had been possible in 1971. To resolve this problem, two landers were launched with orbiter ...About the Soviet program other Mars exploration programs Exploration of Mars The Mars program was a series ... than introducing new ones. The names of the Mars missions do not need to be translated, as the word Mars is spelled and pronounced approximately the same way in English and Russian. In addition to the Mars program, the Soviet Union also sent a probe to Mars as part of the Zond program Zond 2 , however ... launched Mars 96 , its first interplanetary mission since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , however it failed to depart Earth orbit. Spacecraft Mars 1M Main Mars 1M File Soviet Union 1964 Stamp 0.06. Mars 1.jpg thumb Mars 1 stamp The first Soviet attempts to send a probe to Mars were the two Mars ... title Chronology of Mars Exploration work National Space Science Data Center accessdate 2008 03 19 ref The spacecraft were dubbed Marsnik by the Western media. Mars 3MV Main Mars 1 Mars 1 was launched in 1962 but failed en route to Mars. Two other Soviet launches at around the same time, Mars 2MV 4 No.1 and Mars 2MV 3 No.1 were convert 900 kg lb adj on spacecraft, however both failed to leave Earth orbit due to problems with the upper stages of their carrier rockets. Mars 2M Mars 2M No.521 and Mars 2M No.522 , known in the West as Mars 1969A and B, were heavier spacecraft with masses of convert ... Venera , and Vega program Vega spacecraft. Mars 4M The Mars 4M spacecraft Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions consisted of identical spacecraft, each with an orbiter and an attached lander, which became the first ... more details
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