Materialrequirementsplanning MRP is a production planning and inventory control system used to management ... Orlicky as a response to the TOYOTA Manufacturing Program, developed MaterialRequirementsPlanning ..., the third edition of Orlicky s MaterialRequirementsPlanning introduced a new type of MRP called ... mrp versus erp MRP versus ERP comparison DEFAULTSORT MaterialRequirementsPlanning Category Information ... Category Enterprise resource planning terminology ar de MaterialRequirementsPlanning es Planificaci n de los requerimientos de material fr Planification des ressources de production it MaterialRequirementsPlanning nl Materialrequirementsplanning ja pl Planowanie zapotrzebowania materia owego pt Material Requirement Planning ru MRP uk MRP zh ... planning Capacity requirementsplanning CRP CONWIP Theory of Constraints Enterprise resource planning ... jeb or mrp.html Materials requirementsplanning MRP a numeric example http comsoft.org mrp software ... objectives Ensure material s are available for manufacturing production and product business products are available for delivery commerce delivery to customers. Maintain the lowest possible material ... Oliver Wight developed MRP into manufacturing resource planning MRP II . ref WJ Hopp, ML Spearman ... by 1981. In the 1980s, Joe Orlicky s MRP evolved into Oliver Wight s manufacturing resource planning MRP II which brings master scheduling, rough cut capacity planning, capacity planning capacity requirementsplanning , S&OP in 1983 and other concepts to classical MRP. By 1989, about one third of the software ... The basic function of MRP system includes inventory control, bill of material processing ... time than it takes to make them. This means that some level of planning is required. Companies ... each product. Planning Data. This includes all the restraints and directions to produce the end items ... Of Material required to satisfy the demand from the Master Production Schedule MPS . Output ... more details
Economic systems sidebar Material balance accounting is a form of economic accounting based on balancing inputs with outputs in terms of natural units expressed in physical quantities as opposed to money . Material balance planning consists of a central planning board specifying a list of inputs required to produce one unit of output and then balancing outputs and inputs so that there is a balance between supply and demand. ref Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty First Century , 2003, by Gregory and Stuart. ISBN 0 618 26181 8. Material Balance Planning , P.127 ref Material balance planning was utilized to a limited extent in Economy of the Soviet Union Soviet style planned economies . Although it never replaced financial calculations, material balances became an established part of Soviet planning. See also Calculation in kind Economic planning Socialist economics Supply side economics Planned economy References reflist econ stub Category Socialism Economics Category Heterodox economics Category Economic planning Category Economic systems ... more details
Distinguish Materiel Other uses Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Material is anything made of matter , constituted of one or more Chemical substance substance s. Wood, cement, hydrogen, air and water are all examples of materials. Sometimes the term material is used more narrowly to refer to substances or components with certain physical properties that are used as inputs to Production, costs, and pricing production or manufacturing . In this sense, materials are the parts required to make something else, from building s and Art medium art to Star formation stars and computer s. Raw materials and processing A material can be anything a finished product in its own right or an unprocessed raw material . Raw materials are first harvested from the earth and divided into a form that can be easily transported and stored, then processed to produce semi finished materials. These can be input into a new cycle of production and Finishing disambiguation finishing processes to create finished materials, ready for Distribution business distribution , construction , and Consumption economics consumption . Some examples of raw materials Cotton An example of a raw material is cotton , which is harvested from plants. Cotton can be processed into rope also considered a raw material , which can then be woven into Textile cloth , a semi finished material. Cutting and sewing the fabric ... raw materials in the form of ore are mined, refined and processed into steel , a semi finished material ... from dead sheep it is their pubes beuaty See also Wiktionary material Commonscat Materials Chemical compound Chemical substance Materiality auditing Materials science List of building materials Raw material Category Materials Industry stub bg ca Material da Materiale de Material et Materjal es Material fr Mat riau gl Material hr Materijal id Bahan is Efni it Materiale he jv Bahan ... ru simple Material sl Material fi Materiaali sv Material th uk vi V t li u yi ... more details
Refimprove date March 2010 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name The Material image TheMaterialLive5.jpg caption image size background group or band origin San Diego, California , United States U.S. genre Alternative rock , pop punk , post punk years active 2005 Present associated acts With Beating Hearts website http www.wearethematerial.com Official Site of The Material current members Colleen D Agostino br Jon Moreaux br Roi Elam br Kevin Pintado br Jordan Meckley br past members Noah Vowles br Kevin Falk br Brian Miller br Matt Holden br Dustin Sherron For the New York City band of the same name, see Material band The Material is a rock music quintet from San Diego, California . Colleen D Agostino vocals moved to San Diego to pursue a music degree at San Diego State University . In her third year, she began playing with Jon Moreaux guitar and Noah Vowles drums . The threesome added bassist Kevin Falk , formerly of Every Time I Die and Between the Buried and Me , and started writing songs for their first demo. Kevin was replaced by Brian Miller bass , and Roi Elam guitar joined shortly after. With the permanent line up, The Material went into the studio ... band, The Myriad . The Material has been featured on MTV and MTV2 and their song Moving to Seattle is also ... Link text ref The Material released 3 brand new songs Unforgivable, Before This Ship Goes Down ... and Amazon. Noah Vowles played his last show with The Material in February. As of March 16, 2010 ... 2010. The Material went into the studio to begin recording for their first full length album ..., as well as on the 2010 Vans Warped Tour. The Material s song What Happens Next is the title track ... Official Site of The Material http myspace.com thematerial The Material MySpace profile http www.thematerialfans.net The Material Fansite DEFAULTSORT Material Category American punk rock groups Category Musical groups from California Category Musical groups from San Diego, California es The Material ... more details
tasks must be discussed live with the whole team . Planning in organizations and public policy is both ... ignored aspect of planning, is the relationship it holds with forecasting . Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should ... 3 field 2 How does forecasting relate to planning? ForecastingPrinciples.com ref The term is also ..., and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used. Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension ... processes. On the other hand, our future is shaped by consequences of our own planning and actions. The counterpart to planning is spontaneous order . Overview Planning is a process for accomplishing ... will not guarantee success, but lack of a sound plan will almost certainly ensure failure. Planning ... against which actual performance can be measured and reviewed. Importance of the planning process ... a satisfactory plan of the organization is essential. The planning know the business and that they have ..., markets and competition. Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes the future visible to some extent. It bridges between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is looking ahead. Types of plans or planning Div col 4 Architectural planning Business plan Comprehensive planning Contingency planning Economic planning Enterprise architecture planning Environmental planning Event planning and production Family planning Financial planning Land use planning Life planning Marketing plan Network resource planning Operational planning Strategic planning Succession planning Urban planning Div col end Objectives and policies The objectives The objectives are general parts of the planning ... in decision making. Planning basics Essentials of planningPlanning is not done off hand .... Focus on matters of strategic importance. What are requirements and how will they be met? What will be the likely ... more details
Mergeto Planning date March 2010 Unreferenced date August 2008 The planning horizon is the amount of time an organization will look into the future when preparing a strategic plan. Many commercial companies use a five year planning horizon, but other organizations such as the Forestry Commission in the UK have to use a much longer planning horizon to form effective plans. In manufacturing, a planning horizon is a future time period, during which, departments that support production will plan production work and determine materialrequirements. In Economics, a planning horizon is the length of time an individual plans ahead. It s important in the quest for total value, as opposed to short term pleasure consumption. Category Business terms Category Process management Business term stub de Planungshorizont ... more details
planning baan projectmanagement brd template to document functional customer requirements 2081133 ...refimprove date February 2012 Business requirements are what must be delivered to provide value. Products, systems, software, and processes are the ways how to deliver, satisfy, or meet the business requirements whats . Consequently, the topic of business requirements often arises in the context of developing or procuring software or other system but business requirements exist much more broadly. That is, business ... main reasons. 1 A common practice is to refer to objectives, or expected benefits, as business requirements. 2 People commonly use the term requirements to pertain to the features of the product, system, software expected to be created. 3 A widely held model says these two types of requirements differ only in level of detail or abstraction wherein business requirements are high level and vague and decompose into product, system, or software requirements that are detailed. Such confusion can be avoided by recognizing that business requirements are not objectives but rather meet objectives i.e., provide value when satisfied. Business requirements whats do not decompose into product system software requirements hows . Rather, products and their requirements represent a response to business requirements a way how presumably to satisfy the whats . Business requirements exist within the business environment and must be discovered, whereas product requirements are human defined specified . Business requirements are not just high level but need to be driven down to detail. No matter how far down in detail they are driven, business requirements are always business deliverable whats that provide value when satisfied driving them down to detail never turns business requirements into product requirements. ref Goldsmith, 2004. pages 2 6 ref In system or software development projects, business requirements typically lead to the creation or updating of a product, system, or piece of software ... more details
body of additional material on traceability. Tracing beyond the requirementsRequirements are realized ...Requirements traceability is a sub discipline of requirements management within software development and systems engineering . Requirements traceability is concerned with documenting the life of a requirement and to provide bi directional traceability between various associated requirements. It enables ... and used should be traceable ref Gotel, O., Finkelstein, A. An Analysis of the Requirements Traceability Problem Proc. of First International Conference on Requirements Engineering, 1994, pages 94 101 ... factory to mouth. What matters in requirements management is not a temporal evolution so much as a structural evolution a trace of where requirements are derived from, how they are satisfied, how they are tested, and what impact will result if they are changed. Requirements come from different sources ... all have different requirements on the product. Using requirements traceability, an implemented feature can be traced back to the person or group that wanted it during the requirements elicitation ... studies show that a feature is not used, to see why it was required in the first place. Requirements Traceability is concerned with documenting the relationships between requirements and other development ... the requirements themselves should be traced but also the requirements relationship with all ... results and documentation of all kinds. Even people and user groups associated with requirements ... Cesar coauthors Jorge Horacio Doorn title Perspectives on Software Requirements publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers year 2004 pages 91 113 isbn 1 4020 7625 8 ref ref cite web title Requirements Tracing An overview ref ref cite web last Turbit first Neville title Requirements Traceability url http www.projectperfect.com.au info requirements traceability.php accessdate 2007 05 11 ref ref cite web title Requirements Traceability url http www.gatherspace.com static requirements traceability.html accessdate ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Wikify date December 2009 A material consideration in the United Kingdom UK is a process in Planning Law in which the decision maker when assessing an application for development must consider in deciding the outcome of an application. Material considerations in the past have included issues regarding traffic, wildlife, economic impacts and the historical interest of the area. In considering an application for development, decision makers often consult local development plans and Public Policy Guidance notes PPG to determine the success of a proposal. Issues such as loss of a view, or effect on property values are not material considerations. The Campaign to Protect Rural England advises that Material Considerations are factors which will be taken into account when reaching a decision on a planning application or appeal. Under Section 38 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, decisions on planning applications must be made in accordance with the development plan unless other material considerations indicate otherwise . The courts ultimately decide what a material consideration is. However, case law gives local planning authorities a great deal of leeway to decide what considerations are relevant, and how much weight should be given to them, each time they make a decision on a planning application. Any consideration which relates to the use or development of land is capable of being a material consideration, but other circumstances such as personal hardship and fears of affected residents can be considered in exceptional cases the House of Lords in Great Portland Estates v. Westminster City Council 1985 . In practice, Government planning policy is often the most important material consideration other than the development plan. Government policy may also override the development plan if it has been both consulted on and published more recently. DEFAULTSORT Material Consideration Category Local government in the United ... more details
Refimprove date December 2006 Requirements management is the process of documenting, Requirements analysis analyzing , Requirements traceability tracing , Requirement prioritization prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to relevant stakeholders. It is a continuous ... product or service should conform. Overview The purpose of requirements management is to assure the organization ... O Reilly Media year 2005 isbn 978 0 596 00948 9 ref Requirements management begins with the analysis and elicitation of the objectives and constraints of the organization. Requirements management further includes supporting planning for requirements, integrating requirements and the organization for working with them attributes for requirements , as well as relationships with other information delivering against requirements, and changes for these. The traceability thus established is used in managing requirements to report back fulfillment of company and stakeholder interests, in terms of compliance ... of requirements management in understanding the impacts of changes through requirements or other ... introducing these changes. ref cite web url http www.ogc.gov.uk delivery lifecycle requirements management.asp title Requirements management publisher UK Office of Government Commerce accessdate 2009 11 10 ref Requirements management involves communication between the project team members and stakeholders, and adjustment to requirements changes throughout the course of the project. ref name ... class of requirements from overriding another, constant communication among members of the development ... has such strong needs that it may ignore user requirements, or believe that in creating use cases , the user requirements are being taken care of. Traceability Main Requirements Traceability Requirements ... of the Requirements Traceability Problem Proc. of First International Conference on Requirements Engineering, 1994, pages 94 101 ref Requirements come from different sources, like the business person ... more details
MHIA Material Handling Industry of America http www.fem eur.com FEM European Federation of Materials ... de material it Movimentazione dei materiali pt Movimenta o de material ... more details
Requirements specification in systems engineering and software engineering is the direct result of a requirement analysis and can refer to Software Requirements Specification Hardware Requirements Specification or both. See also Design specification Specification technical standard Formal specification disambiguation ... more details
Requirements engineering RE is a systems and software engineering process which covers all of the activities involved in discovering, documenting and maintaining a set of requirements for a computer based system. ref Kotonya G. and Sommerville, I. Requirements Engineering Processes and Techniques. Chichester ... are that requirements engineering is a subdiscipline of systems and software engineering and is concerned ... . Page 44. ref ref Zave, P. Classification of Research Efforts in Requirements Engineering . ACM Computing Surveys , 29 4 315 321, 1997. ref The first use of the term requirements engineering was probably ... html&identifier ADA073132 Software Requirements Engineering Methodology Development Alfor,M. W. and Lawson ... eds. , System and Software Requirements Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 1990. ref and the establishment of a conference series on requirements engineering. In the traditional ... requirements engineering is presented as the first stage of the development process, with the outcome being a requirements document or Software requirements specification . In fact, requirements engineering is a process that continues through the lifetime of a system as the requirements are subject to change and new requirements must be elicited and documented and existing requirements managed over the lifetime of the system. Alan M. Davis maintains an extensive bibliography of requirements engineering. ref http www.reqbib.com Requirements bibliography Reviewed November 10th 2011 ref Requirements engineering activities The sub processes that are part of a general requirements engineering ... developing the requirements. ref Sommerville, I. Software Engineering , 7th ed. Harlow, UK Addison Wesley, 2006. ref Activities within the RE process may include ol li Requirements elicitation discovering requirements from system stakeholders li li Requirements analysis and negotiation checking requirements and resolving stakeholder conflicts li li Requirements specification Software ... more details
A Burgers material is a viscoelastic material which consists of a Maxwell material and a Kelvin material in series. It is named after the Dutch physicist Johannes Martinus Burgers . See also References reflist External links material stub Category Non Newtonian fluids ... more details
wiktionary materialMaterial is a substance. Material may also refer to Raw material Textile Materials science , a physical science Materials journal Materials journal a peer reviewed, open access, scientific journal with broad topical interest in materials science and engineering Building material Materiel , commercial or military equipment and supplies Material, a character from Variable Geo fighting game series The Material , a rock music band from San Diego, California Material band , a rock music band Material Moebius & Plank album Material Moebius & Plank album , 1981 Material Aco album Material Aco album , 2001 Material Casiopea album Material Casiopea album , 1999 Material EP Material EP an EP by Leaether Strip Material chess See also Materiality disambiguation Matter disambiguation de Material Begriffskl rung eo Materialo lt Med iaga reik m s ja pt Material ro Material sk Materi l ... more details
In requirements engineering , requirements elicitation is the practice of obtaining the requirements of a system from users, customers and other stakeholders. ref Requirements Engineering A good practice ... referred to as requirements gathering . The term elicitation is used in books and research to raise the fact that good requirements can not just be collected from the customer, as would be indicated by the name requirements gathering. Requirements elicitation is non trivial because you can never be sure you get all requirements from the user and customer by just asking them what the system should do. Requirements elicitation practices include interviews, questionnaires, user observation, workshops, brain storming, use cases , role playing and software prototyping prototyping . Before requirements .... Requirements elicitation is a part of the requirements engineering process, usually followed by analysis and specification of the requirements. Commonly used elicitation processes are the stakeholder ... and customers where they discuss their perspective of the requirements. Problems In 1992, Christel and Kang identified problems that indicate the challenges for requirements elicitation ref name Christel Kang1992 cite web url http www.sei.cmu.edu library abstracts reports 92tr012.cfm title Issues in Requirements ..., specify requirements that conflict with the needs of other customers users, or specify requirements that are ambiguous or untestable. Problems of volatility . The requirements change over ... In 1997, Sommerville and Sawyer suggested a set of guidelines for requirements elicitation, to address ... specify requirements and understand their organizational bias Define the technical environment e.g. ... Define one or more requirements elicitation methods e.g., interviews, focus groups , team meetings Solicit participation from many people so that requirements are defined from different points ... requirements as candidates for prototyping Create usage scenarios or use cases to help customers ... more details
Material implication may refer to Material conditional , a logical connective Material implication rule of inference , a rule of replacement for some propositional logic See also Implication disambiguation Conditional statement disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
refimprove date December 2011 Image SE Process.jpg thumb 320px A systems engineering perspective on requirements ... Requirements analysis in systems engineering and software engineering , encompasses those tasks that go ... or users. It is an early stage in the more general activity of requirements engineering ... software or system requirements ref Kotonya, G. and Sommerville, I. 1998. Requirements Engineering Processes and Techniques Chichester, UK John Wiley and Sons. ref . Requirements analysis is critical ... 2 Software Requirements chapterurl http www.computer.org portal web swebok html ch2 quote It is widely ... when these activities are performed poorly. ref The requirements should be documented, actionable ... to a level of detail sufficient for system design. Overview Conceptually, requirements analysis includes three types of activity Citation needed date February 2012 Requirements elicitation Eliciting requirements the task of identifying the various types of requirements from various sources including ..., and stakeholder interviews. This is sometimes also called requirements gathering. Analyzing requirements determining whether the stated requirements are clear, complete, consistent and unambiguous, and resolving any apparent conflicts. Recording requirementsRequirements may be documented in various ... story user stories , or process specifications. Requirements analysis can be a long and arduous ... can employ several techniques to elicit the requirements from the customer. These may include the development ... , holding interview s, or focus group s more aptly named in this context as requirements workshops, or requirements review sessions and creating requirements lists. Prototyping may be used to develop ... a combination of these methods to establish the exact requirements of the stakeholders, so that a system that meets the business needs is produced. Citation needed date February 2012 Requirements analysis ... Requirements Development sessions, where the stakeholder s attention is compelled to assume a more ... more details
Material world may refer to Nature , the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general Material World TV series Material World TV series , a Canadian television sitcom in the 1980s Material World radio programme Material World radio programme , a BBC Radio 4 science programme Peter Menzel Material World Material World A Global Family Portrait , a 1994 photo essay by Peter Menzel disambiguation ... more details
requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule. Most software defines two sets of system requirements System Requirements Minimum System Requirements minimum and System Requirements Recommended system requirements recommended . With increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of software, system requirements tend to increase over ... computer systems than technological advancements. Recommended system requirements Oftentimes manufacturers of games will provide the consumer with a set of requirements that are different than those that are needed to run a software. These requirements are usually called the Recommended Requirements. These requirements are almost always of a significantly higher level that the minimum requirements ... guideline than minimum system requirements in order to have a fully usable and enjoyable experience with a software. Hardware requirements The most common set of requirements defined by any operating ... hardware , A hardware requirements list is often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list HCL ... the various aspects of hardware requirements. Architecture All computer operating system s are designed ... All software, when run, resides in the random access memory RAM of a computer. Memory requirements ... disk requirements vary, depending on the size of software installation, temporary files created ... end Graphics processing unit display adapters in the system requirements. Peripherals Some software ... requirements Software requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and prerequisites that need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an application. These requirements .... Operating system is one of the first requirements mentioned when defining system requirements software ... makes use of ActiveX controls, despite their vulnerabilities. Other requirements Some software also has other requirements for proper performance. Internet connection type and speed and Display resolution ... more details
Contract law A requirements contract is a contract in which one Party law party agrees to supply as much of a good or service as is required by the other party, and in exchange the other party expressly or implicitly promises that it will obtain its goods or services exclusively from the first party. ref Roger LeRoy Miller, Gaylord A. Jentz, Business Law Today The Essentials 2005 , p. 336. ref For example ... Several problems typically arise with requirements contracts. The first is consideration . There would ... the surrender of the right to buy from another party. Put simply, t he buyer under a requirements .... It would be difficult to determine whether the buyer in a requirements contract is falsely claiming ... the industry to determine if the buyer is acting in bad faith for breach of contract actions on requirements contracts. Until fairly recently, requirements contracts were deemed void under the law ... a requirements contract. ref Richard A. Mann, Barry S. Roberts, Smith and Roberson s Business Law , 2005 p. 210. ref The Code states quotation 2 306. Output, Requirements and Exclusive Dealings. br br 1 A term which measures the quantity by the output of the seller or the requirements of the buyer means such actual output or requirements as may occur in good faith, except that no quantity unreasonably ... comparable prior output or requirements may be tendered or demanded. Simply put, this means that a requirements contract for good accounting good s is valid, but might not be enforced if the buyer ... concerns sometimes arise because a requirements contract prohibits the buyer from doing business ... market. Requirements contracts have nevertheless been upheld in the face of challenges on antitrust ... Law Developments 2007 , p. 248. ref Robert Bork , in The Antitrust Paradox , examines requirements ... of freedom of contract. He argues that no one would sign a requirements contract with a seller in the first ... or requirements contracts were shown to injure competition . ref Robert Bork , The Antitrust Paradox ... more details
Electrical material may refer to any of the following Metal s Semimetal s Semiconductor s Dielectric s Paramagnetic material s Electrical conductor s Electrical insulator s dab ... more details
Material physics is the use of physics to describe material s in many different ways such as force, heat, light and mechanics. It is a synthesis of physical sciences such as chemistry , solid mechanics and solid state physics . References reflist See also material science . Category Physics physics stub fa fi Materiaalifysiikka sv Materialfysik ... more details
materials , are Materials science engineered or naturally occurring material s made from ... search JSTOR. Accessed 28 January 2007 ref Concrete is also a composite material, and is used more than any other man made material in the world. ref cite book title The Skeptical Environmentalist ... encountered composite material. Wood is a natural composite of Cellulose fibre s in a Matrix biology ... one portion of each type is required. The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement ... and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties. A synergism produces material properties .... Engineered composite materials must be formed to shape. The matrix material can be introduced to the reinforcement before or after the reinforcement material is placed into the Molding process mould cavity or onto the mould surface. The matrix material experiences a melding event, after which the part shape is essentially set. Depending upon the nature of the matrix material, this melding event .... A variety of moulding methods can be used according to the end item design requirements. The principal .... Another important factor is the gross quantity of material to be produced. Large quantities can ... material often called a resin solution. There are many different polymers available depending upon ... industry, epoxy is used as a structural matrix material or as a structural glue. Shape memory ... of shape memory polymer resins is that they can be shaped and reshaped repeatedly without losing their material ... process conditions. For a thermoset polymeric matrix material, the melding event is a curing reaction ... peroxide. For a thermoplastic polymeric matrix material, the melding event is a solidification from the melted state. For a metal matrix material such as titanium foil, the melding event is a fusing ... product is often referred to as a panel. For certain geometries and material combinations, it can ... bag. The flexible membrane can be a reusable silicone material or an extruded polymer film. Then, vacuum ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 Material scattering of an electromagnetic wave is scattering that is attributable to the intrinsic properties of the material through which the wave is propagating. Ionospheric scattering and Rayleigh scattering are examples of material scattering. In an optical fiber , material scattering is caused by micro inhomogeneities in the refractive indices of the materials used to fabricate the fiber, including the dopants used to modify the refractive index profile. optics stub FS1037C Category Radio frequency propagation Category Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer optics ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
