Image MaternalBond.jpg thumb right 300px A mother holds up her child. The maternalbond or motherly bond is typically the personal relationship relationship between a mother and her child . While it typically occurs due to pregnancy and childbirth , it may also occur between a woman and an unrelated child, such as in adoption . There are hundreds of potential factors, both physical and emotional, which can influence the mother child bonding process. Many new mothers do not always experience the instantly in mother love emotions. Bonding is a gradually unfolding experience that can take hours, days, weeks, or even months to develop. Pregnancy The maternalbond between a human female and her biological child usually begins to develop during pregnancy , with her normally adapting her lifestyle sociology lifestyle to suit the needs of the developing infant . Beginning around 18 to 25 weeks, the mother also can feel the fetus moving, which can enhance bonding , as can seeing her baby during an ultrasound scan. The developing fetus hears the mother s heartbeat and voice and may respond to touch or movement. By the seventh month of pregnancy, two thirds of women may report a strong maternalbond. ref cite journal author Winkler J title Development of the maternalbond during pregnancy language Czech journal Cas. Lek. Cesk. volume 139 issue 1 pages 5 8 year 2000 pmid 10750284 doi ref Mothers ... Breastfeeding is also strongly believed to foster the early post partum maternalbond, via touch ... D, Schwarz E, Douglas E, et al. title Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal ... cite journal author Kost K, Landry D, Darroch J. title Predicting maternal behaviors during pregnancy ... name HP2020FP Childbirth The process of childbirth ideally greatly adds to this bond though that is not always ... reducing anxiety and theoretically fostering bonding, so it is generally understood that maternal oxytocin ... 03 13 ref See also Human bonding Paternal bond Cinderella effect Mother s boy Haptic Medicine Footnotes ... more details
Maternal instinct may refer to The maternalbond that forms between a mother and her child Maternal Instinct Stargate SG 1 an episode from the TV series Stargate SG 1 Maternal Instinct Danny Phantom , an episode of Danny Phantom . disambig ... more details
see also Reproductive health Women s health Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy ... maternal morbidity and mortality. ref harvnb WHO Maternal health ref Preconception care can include ... planning . Problems see also Maternal death Image Merlin Maternal.jpg thumb Maternal health clinic ... are the leading causes of maternal mortality death among women of reproductive age. A woman dies from complications from childbirth approximately every minute. ref name UNICEF harnvb UNICEF Maternal ... Report 2005 , poor maternal conditions account for the fourth leading cause of death for women worldwide ... url http www.who.int whr 2005 en index.html ref Most maternal deaths and injuries are caused by biological ... world such as postpartum hemorrhage postpartum hemorrhaging , which causes 34 of maternal deaths in the developing world but only 13 of maternal deaths in developed countries. ref cite web title Most Maternal Deaths in Sub Saharan Africa Could Be Avoided date 2 March 2010 publisher Science ... health care has made maternal death a rare event in developed countries, where only 1 of maternal ... or from childbirth worldwide. ref http maternalhealthtaskforce.org component wpmu 2010 04 Maternal ... in reducing maternal mortality, so much so that India is cited as the major reason for the decreasing global rates of maternal mortality. ref name NYT20100413 cite news title Maternal Deaths Decline ... 04 14 health 14births.html? r 3&pagewanted 1 ref One specific disease that causes significant maternal ... and HIV is a major cause of maternal mortality, causing 60,000 maternal deaths in 2008. HIV rates are especially high in Sub Saharan and Eastern Africa, where maternal mortality rates are on the rise. ref name NYT20100413 Maternal health problems also include complications from childbirth that do ... , injury , or disability ref cite web title Maternal deaths worldwide drop by third date 15 ... maternal mortality 20100915 en index.html ref Almost 50 of the births in developing countries still ... more details
Infobox disease Name Maternal death ICD10 O95 ICD9 ICD9 646.9 Maternal Mortality Definition According to the World Health Organization WHO , A maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant ... or incidental causes. ref http www.cahr.info index files page0023.htm Maternal Mortality in Central ... between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy, delivery, or management of the two, and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy related death in a patient ... to a pregnancy are termed accidental , incidental , or nonobstetrical maternal deaths. Maternal ... and cultural environment. Also, it has been reported that about 10 of maternal deaths may ... Lisa M. authorlink coauthors Hani K. Atrash, Roger W. Rochat, Jack C. Smith title Maternal Mortality ... Report Make Every Mother and Child Count , the major causes of maternal deaths are severe bleeding ... to Maternal Mortality journal Reviews in Ob Gyn year 2008 volume 1 pages 77 81 ref Over 90 of maternal ... of maternal death is obstetrical hemorrhage , followed by deep vein thrombosis , in contrast to developed ... Hospital. January 2008 ref Unintended pregnancy is a major cause of maternal deaths. Worldwide, unintended pregnancy resulted in almost 700,000 maternal deaths from 1995 to 2000 approximately one fifth of the maternal deaths during that period . ref name promises cite journal title Promises to Keep ... there are very few maternal deaths leading to the conclusion that banning abortion may be one effective method to reduce maternal mortality where the procedure is unsafe and unsanitary. ref name promises ... accessdate 2012 02 26 ref Associated risk factors High rates of maternal deaths occur in the same ... and medical care. Low birth weight of the child is correlated with maternal death from cardiovascular ... of maternal death. Conversely, heavier child birth weight is correlated with lower risk of maternal death. Citation needed date August 2008 Another issue that is associated with maternal mortality is the lack ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Bass Is Maternal Type studio Artist Smith & Mighty Cover Released 1995 Recorded Genre Length Label More Rockers Producer Reviews Last album This album Bass Is Maternal br 1995 Next album Big World Small World br 2000 Bass Is Maternal is an album by the Bristol based group Smith & Mighty , originally released on More Rockers in 1995. Track listing Hold On Strange Mix 3 15 Jungle Man Corner 4 20 Closer 5 07 Walking 4 09 Evolve 4 36 Drowning 3 43 Accept All Contrasts 3 35 Bass Is Maternal 4 12 Down in Rwanda 4 37 Higher Dub 5 10 Maybe for Dub 4 51 Time 4 32 U Dub 3 35 Yow He Koh 2 37 Odd Tune for Piano 5 05 Category 1995 albums 1990s electronic album stub ... more details
by the female parent. It is not to be confused with the generally discredited theory of maternal impression . A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only ... mother. In genetics , maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from ... or proteins to the egg. Maternal effects can also be caused by the maternal environment independent ... that maternal effects are important for the evolution of adaptive responses to environmental heterogeneity. Maternal effects in genetics In genetics, a maternal effect occurs when the phenotype of an organism ... location New York isbn 071673771X pages url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?highlight maternal,effect&rid iga.section.3739 3740 ref For example, if a mutation is maternal effect recessive , then a female ... 1 style width 75 margin 1em auto 1em auto background white colspan 4 Maternal effect style padding 1em background color honeydew Image Maternal effect crosses1.svg center style padding 1em background color honeydew Image Maternal effect crosses2.svg center style padding 1em background color ivory Image Maternal effect crosses3.svg center style padding 1em background color ivory Image Maternal effect ... involving a maternal effect recessive mutation, m . The maternal genotype determines the phenotype of the offspring. Maternal effects often occur because the mother supplies a particular mRNA or protein to the oocyte, hence the maternal genome determines whether the molecule is functional. Maternal ... inactive. ref cite journal author Schier AF title The maternal zygotic transition death ... pattern of maternal effect mutations, special genetic screen s are required to identify them. These typically ... zygotic screen, as their mothers will be potentially homozygous for maternal effect mutations that arise ... year 2002 month March pmid 11972155 doi 10.1038 nrg751 url ref Example maternal effect genes in Drosophila ... right Protein and RNA are transported in particles white dots from the nurse cells maternal to the developing ... more details
understood Maternal Imprinting to be a folkloric understanding of what he called blood feeling or the formation ... about the phenomenon of postpartum maternal impression in bears. ref Pliny Natural History VIII 126 ... more details
Image MaternalBond.jpg thumb right Mother and child The term maternal deprivation is a catch phrase summarising ... 10.1037 0012 1649.28.5.759 issue 5 ref The result was the monograph Maternal Care and Mental Health published in 1951, which sets out the maternal deprivation hypothesis. ref name Bowlby 51 cite book author Bowlby, J. year 1951 title Maternal Care and Mental Health publisher World Health Organisation .... The limited empirical data and lack of comprehensive theory to account for the conclusions in Maternal ... Bowlby 1988 Bowlby J. 1988 p. 24 ref Following the publication of Maternal Care and Mental Health ... of the data and the lack of theory to link alleged cause and effect in Maternal Care ... Cite web author Bowlby, J. year 1986 series Citation Classic title Maternal Care and Mental Health ... tenet of maternal deprivation theory that children s experiences of interpersonal relationships ... care has become generally accepted, maternal deprivation as a discrete syndrome is not a concept ..., but his concern was less with the actual experience of maternal care than with the anxiety the child ... of maternal deprivation and hospitalism . His investigation focused on infants who had experienced ... . Of these fourteen, twelve had suffered prolonged maternal separations as opposed to only two ... Thieves ref Maternal Care and Mental Health Bowlby s work on delinquent and affectionless children ... ref The result was the monograph Maternal Care and Mental Health published in 1951, which sets out the maternal ... in which the child did not have this relationship he termed maternal deprivation . This term ... rather than removal if possible. ref name bowlby67 Bowlby J. 1951 pp. 67 92 ref Maternal Bowlby ... maternal deprivation is ambiguous as it is unclear whether the deprivation is that of the biological ... 62 Cite document author Ainsworth, M.D. year 1962 contribution The Effects of Maternal Deprivation A Review of Findings and Controversy in the Context of Research Strategy title Deprivation of Maternal ... more details
pp semi vandalism small yes Refimprove date May 2009 Yo Mama , Your Mum & Yo momma redirect here. For the MTV show hosted by Wilmer Valderamma based on the use of mothers in taunts, see Yo Momma TV series A maternal insult also referred to as a yo momma joke is a reference to a person s mother through the use of phrases such as your mother please do not include a list here, add them to the lower section or other regional variants, frequently used to insult the target by way of their mother. ref name mal11 cite journal url http www.juggling.org conway juggler MAL.TXT volume 11 journal Maledicta author Andrew Conway year 1994 title You re ugly, your dick is small and everybody s afraid to fuck your mother The Stand Up Comedian s Response to the Heckler accessdate 2007 11 18 ref Used as an insult, your mother... preys on widespread sentiments of filial piety , making the insult particularly and globally offensive. Your mother can be combined with most types of insults, although suggestions of promiscuity are particularly common. ref cite journal last Ayoub first Millicent R. coauthors Barnett, Stephen A. year October December month 1965 title Ritualized Verbal Insult in White High School Culture journal The Journal of American Folklore volume 78 issue 310 pages 337 344 accessdate 2007 01 05 doi 10.2307 538441 jstor 538441 publisher American Folklore Society ref Insults based on obesity , incest , Ageing age , race classification of human beings race , poverty , hygiene poor hygiene , ugliness unattractiveness , or stupidity may also be used. Compared to other types of insults, your mother insults are especially likely to incite violence . ref cite news url http www.guardian.co.uk football 2006 jul 12 worldcup2006.sport title The mother of all insults publisher Guardian Unlimited The Guardian Unlimited date 2006 06 12 accessdate 2006 12 06 location London first Stuart last Jeffries ref Slang variants such as yo mama , yo momma , yer ma , ya mum , your mum or your mom ar ... more details
Merge Nutrition and pregnancy target Prenatal nutrition and birth weight discuss Talk Prenatal nutrition and birth weight Merger proposal date November 2011 close paraphrasing date October 2011 Maternal nutrition is the dietary intake and habits of expectant mothers with dual emphasis on the health of the mother and the physical and mental development of infants. Nearly 24 per cent of babies are estimated to be born with lower than optimal weights at birth. ref cite web url http www.who.int features factfiles nutrition en title WHO & 124 10 facts on nutrition publisher Who.int date 2011 03 15 accessdate 2011 08 07 ref Pregnancy and child birth transform every aspect of expecting mother s lives.They should be very careful with their choices regarding what they eat. This article is about the diet the expecting mothers should be following for their welfare and their growing foetus. It is very important that expecting mothers should change their personal habits like smoking, alcohol, caffeine, using certain medications and street drugs as soon as they know they are pregnant or even when they are planning to conceive. All these can affect the development of the organs like brain, which happen in early stages of pregnancy. They can cause irreparable damage to the growing foetus. ref cite book title Pregnancy The Ultimate Week by Week Pregnancy Guide publisher Meredith Books isbn 0 696 22221 3 pages 21 22 url http books.google.co.in books?id E7BKtTKqAQcC&printsec frontcover&dq pregnancy books&hl en&ei B58Tv6iCYO3rAeuvbT0Dw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 6&ved 0CF4Q6AEwBQ v onepage&q pregnancy 20books&f false author Laura Riley editor Stephanie Karpinske ref The expecting mothers should be very calm and peaceful, also focussed on what they should do for a healthy pregnancy. First trimester The first necessary step for proper diet is to take a daily prenatal vitamins , that ensure their body gets the vitamins and minerals it needs to create a healthy baby. These vitami ... more details
in a breeding pair, or, sometimes, between individuals of the same sex Human bonding Maternalbond ...Wiktionarypar bondBond , bonds , bonded , and bonding may refer to Peace bonding , something which makes a weapon unusable as a weapon TOC right Fiduciary Bond finance , in finance, a type of debt security Government bond , a bond issued by a national government War bond s, a type of government bond used to raise funding for a war effort Municipal bond , a bond issued by a city or local government Corporate bond , a bond issued by a corporation Mortgage bond , in South Africa a bond or mortgage bond is the usual term for property mortgage. Insurance bond or investment bond , a life assurance based single premium investment Surety bond , a three party contract, where the surety promises to pay the obligee for non performance or dishonesty by the principal Performance bond , a surety bond for completion of work under a contract Bail bond agent, or bail bondsman , a person or corporation providing a surety bond for return of a person to a court Tenancy bond or damage deposit , a deposit taken by a landlord in relation to rental of a property Catastrophe bond or cat bond , a form of reinsurance ... Bond of association , a basic building block of credit unions and co operative banks Bond vigilante , a form of political protest by selling bonds Judiciary Peace bond , a protection order from a Canadian court Bond of manrent , a Scottish clan treaty Bond of Association , a British legal document from the 16th century Bond v. United States 2000 Bond v. United States 2000 , a U.S. Supreme Court case regarding the fourth amendment Bond v The Queen , a 2000 High Court of Australia case Physical sciences Bond number , in fluid mechanics, a dimensionless number expressing the ratio of gravitational forces to surface tension forces Chemical bond , the physical phenomenon of chemical substances being held together by attraction of atoms Covalent bond , between nonmetals Ionic bond , between metal ... more details
In Bond may refer to Bottled in bond When American made whiskeys are made to certain quality. Wines in bond Under UK law, wines in bond are wines that must be stored in a bonded warehouse approved by HM Customs & Excise. disambig ... more details
Infobox Film name The Bond image image size caption director Charlie Chaplin producer writer Charlie Chaplin narrator starring Edna Purviance br Albert Austin br Sydney Chaplin music cinematography editing distributor First National First National Pictures Inc. released 1918 in film 1918 runtime 11 minutes country USA language Silent film br English language English intertitles budget The Bond is a propaganda film created by Charlie Chaplin at his own expense for the Liberty Load Committee for theatrical release to help sell U.S. War bond Liberty Bonds during World War I . Made in 1918 with Edna Purviance , Albert Austin and Sydney Chaplin , the film has a distinctive visual motif set in a simple plain black set with starkly lit simple props and arrangements. The story is a series of sketches humorously illustrating various bonds like the bond of friendship and of marriage and, most important, the Liberty Bond, to knockout K.O. the Kaiser which Charlie does literally. There was also a United Kingdom British version with Uncle Sam replaced by John Bull and promotes War Bonds. Media gallery widths 250px Image Charlie Chaplin, bond of friendship, 1918.ogg A video clip from the silent film, The Bond 1918 Image Charlie Chaplin, the Marriage Bond.ogg A video clip from the silent film, The Bond 1918 Image Charlie Chaplin, The Bond, 1918.ogg A video clip from the silent film, The Bond 1918 gallery Cast Charlie Chaplin Charles Chaplin as Charlie Edna Purviance as Charlie s Wife Albert Austin as Friend Sydney Chaplin as The Kaiser External links Commons category The Bond imdb title id 0008907 title The Bond http www.archive.org details CC 1918 09 29 TheBond Complete film at Archive.org Charlie Chaplin DEFAULTSORT Bond, The Category 1918 films Category Black and white films Category Films directed by Charlie Chaplin Category American World War I propaganda films Category American ... Die Anleihe es The Bond fr The Bond it The Bond ja pt The Bond ru , 1918 ... more details
About the BOND database software Bond disambiguation Bond orphan date June 2010 BOND Building Object Network Databases started development in late 2000 as a rapid application development tool for the GNOME Desktop by Treshna Enterprises . Its aim was to fill a gap that traditional Microsoft Windows applications like Borland Delphi , Microsoft Access and Visual Basic filled on the Windows desktop, but targeted for the Linux environment. Its goal was to allow developers to quickly build database forms in Extensible Markup Language XML for backend SQL databases. It has been employed extensively by Treshna Enterprises to develop applications such as PayMaster an opensource payroll application and GymMaster a commercial gym management application . Description It uses PostgreSQL as its backend database and GTK as its front end. Windows and HTML driven front ends are also available. While it initially worked closely with Glade Interface Designer Glade and the Gnome Desktop, newer versions have focused on more web oriented with Ajax programming AJAX driven Widget computing widgets . The Glade Extensible Markup Language XML format was abandoned a number of years ago and a new XML schema was developed to be more flexible with the range of data required for storing database information. BOND makes use of BONDDB which serves as a layer between the BOND API and the PostgreSQL backend. In the future, BOND aims to be a free open source solution that allows users to quickly create their own databases from scratch without being a skilled programmer or DBA. External links http www.treshna.com bondBOND development website Category GNOME database software stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine SMFM , www.smfm.org, located in Washington, D.C. , is a Non profit organization not for profit organization of over 2,000 members that are dedicated to improving perinatal care. Board American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology certified maternal fetal medicine sub specialists have an additional two three years training in MFM. The Society s primary objectives are to promote and expand research and education in maternal fetal medicine. Congenital heart disease Congenital heart defects , genetic disorder s, preeclampsia , and complications of Premature birth preterm labor and delivery are a few examples of disorders that maternal fetal medicine sub specialists treat. Unreferenced date May 2007 Category Medical associations based in the United States Category Organizations based in Washington, D.C. ... more details
care. Although there have been some notable advances, efforts to adequately address maternal health .... Recognizing that real progress requires better coordination and increased global attention, the Maternal Health Task Force brings together existing maternal health networks and engages new organizations to facilitate global coordination of maternal health programs. The Task Force does not duplicate ... provides a new forum dedicated specifically to maternal health, while reaching out to leaders from ... to devise innovative solutions to maternal morbidity and mortality. As a key component of the initiative ... very closely with the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and other critical partners ... will coordinate a set of activities identified as priorities for the maternal health field,promote ... to the building of a stronger evidence base for maternal health, greater consensus in the field ... to accelerated progress on maternal health. The Task Force will use a dynamic Knowledge Management System ... the maternal health dialogue. To register as a Task Force member, visit the MHTF at www.maternalhealthtaskforce.org See also http www.maternalhealthtaskforce.org Maternal Health Task Force web site Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation EngenderHealth Category Maternal health ... more details
A maternal near miss MNM is an event in which a pregnant woman comes close to maternal death , but does not die &ndash a near miss safety near miss . Traditionally, the analysis of maternal deaths has ... to an increased interest in analyzing so called near miss events. Background Maternal mortality is a sentinel event to assess the quality of a health care system. The standard indicator is the Maternal Mortality Ratio , defined as the ratio of the number of maternal death s per 100,000 live births ... ref . The small number of cases makes the evaluation of maternal mortality practically impossible ref ... dramatic decline in maternal death was achieved in Rochdale , an industrial town in the poorest area of England. In 1928 the town had a Maternal Mortality Ratio of over 900 per 100,000 live births .... ref Lewis 2003 31 ref The very low figures of maternal mortality have therefore stimulated an interest in investigating cases of life threatening obstetric morbidity or maternal near miss . There are several ... are more common than maternal deaths ref list is based on Adisasmita 2008 unless otherwise indicated ... of service provision ref Tingle 2002 3 ref it is also clear that maternal deaths merely are the tip of the iceberg of maternal disability. For every woman who dies, many more will survive but often ... Health Organization defines a maternal near miss case as a woman who nearly died but survived a complication ..., she is considered as a maternal near miss case. ref WHO 2009 ref br br Cardiovascular dysfunction ... Maternal and Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System in Afghanistan journal Journal of Midwifery ... 15973266 uses the term near miss maternal death cite journal last Lewis first Gwyneth authorlink coauthors title Beyond the Numbers reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer ... and prevalence of severe maternal morbidity journal Medicina volume 40 issue 4 pages publisher ... url http www.gfmer.ch Endo Course2003 Severe maternal 20morbidity review.htm title Incidence prevalence ... more details
units maternity fmu ref The field of maternal fetal medicine is one of the most rapidly evolving ..., Gynecology & Infertility COGI http www.bmfms.org.uk British Maternal and Fetal Medicine Society human ... more details
Maternal to zygotic transition MZT is the stage in embryonic development during which development comes under the exclusive control of the Zygote zygotic genome . This requires both Zygote zygotic genome activation ZGA and degradation of maternal products. MZT is often thought to be synonymous with midblastula transition MBT , but these processes are, in fact, distinct ref name baroux cite journal author Baroux C, Autran D, Gillmor CS, et al. title The Maternal to Zygotic Transition in Animals and Plants journal Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol volume 73 pages 89 100 year 2008 pmid 19204068 doi 10.1101 sqb.2008.73.053 ref . However, the MBT roughly coincides with ZGA in many metazoans ref name tadros cite journal author Tadros W and Lipshitz HD title The maternal to zygotic transition a play ... are carried out primarily by maternal products Protein proteins and messenger RNA mRNAs contributed ... Maternal zygotic transition.png right thumbnail 270px Generalized diagram showing levels of maternal and zygotic mRNA levels over the course of embryogenesis. Maternal to zygotic transition MZT is the period during which zygotic genes are activated and maternal transcripts are cleared. After Schier ... ref name schier cite journal author Schier AF title The Maternal Zygotic Transition Death and Birth ... doi 10.1016 0092 8674 91 90182 X issue 2 ref . Clearing of maternal transcripts To eliminate the contribution of maternal gene products to development, maternally supplied Messenger RNA mRNAs must ... in the 3 UTR of maternal transcripts mediate their degradation reviewed by Tadros and Lipshitz ref ... studies in both zebrafish and Xenopus have found evidence of a role for microRNAs in degradation of maternal ... miR 430 promotes deadenylation and clearance of maternal mRNAs. journal Science volume 312 pages 75 ... 430 ortholog miR 427 has been shown to target maternal mRNA mRNAs for deadenylation . Specifically ... Lund E, Liu M, Hartley RS, Sheets MD, Dahlberg JE. title Deadenylation of maternal mRNAs mediated ... more details
Maternal autoimmune bullous disease is a blistering skin condition that presents at birth. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Accessory nail of the fifth toe List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Dermatology stub Category Cutaneous congenital anomalies ... more details
Infobox military award name Order of Maternal Glory image File MotherGlory1.jpg 130px caption Order of Maternal Glory, 1st class awarded by the flag Soviet Union type Three grade order eligibility Soviet citizens for bearing and raising 7 or more children campaign status No longer awarded description clasps established July 8, 1944 first award December 6, 1944 last award total 1st class 753,000 br 2nd class 1,508,000 3rd class 2,786,000 posthumous recipients individual higher Mother Heroine same lower related image2 caption2 The Order of Maternal Glory Russian was a Soviet civilian award created on 8 July 1944 by Joseph Stalin and established with a decision of the Praesidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR . Its status was confirmed by the Soviet s decision of August 18, 1944 and later modified by September 16, 1947, May 28, 1973 and May 28, 1980 decisions. It was awarded on behalf of the Praesidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR through decrees of local soviet presidencies. The order was divided in three classes 1st, 2nd and 3rd class the highest being the 1st class . It was conferred to 1st class mothers bearing and raising 9 children 2nd class mothers bearing and raising 8 children 3rd class mothers bearing and raising 7 children. The order was conferred upon the first birthday of the last child, provided that the other children necessary to reach the qualifying number natural or adopted remained alive. Children who had perished under heroic, military or other respectful circumstances, including occupational disease s, were also counted. The award was created simultaneously with the Mother Heroine order and the Maternity Medal Russian ... Maternal Glory and the roman number showing the order s class. Below the flag there was a white ... MotherGlory1.jpg 129px align center Image Order of Maternal Glory 2.jpg 120px align center Image ... honoring women Category Awards established in 1944 ca Orde de la Gl ria Maternal cv ... more details
Al Sabeen Maternal Hospital , also El Sabeen Maternity and Child Hospital ref name The Lancet cite book title The Lancet url http books.google.com books?id nX4VAQAAMAAJ accessdate 11 July 2011 year 2002 publisher Little, Brown page 1889 ref , is a hospital in Sana a , Yemen . It is located in the south of the city, immediately north of the Saleh Mosque . ref name GM cite map title Google Maps publisher Google accessdate 11 July 2011 ref References Reflist coord 15 19 48 N 44 12 25 E type landmark display title Category Buildings and structures in Sana a Category Hospitals in Yemen Yemen struct stub Asia hospital stub ... more details
afd mergeto Maternal health Maternal oral health 10 November 2011 date November 2011 Maternal oral health has been shown to effect the well being of both the mother and her unborn fetus . Oral health has long been considered an arena of its own, distinct from general health, but there has been a recent push to bring together these two fields. The 2000 Surgeon s General Report stresses the interdependence of oral health on the overall health and well being of an individual. ref name Surgeon U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2000. Oral Health in America A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Retrieved from http www.nidcr.nih.gov ... and obstetricians, is essential in addressing the concerns for maternal oral health. ref name National National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center. 2008 . Access to Oral Health Care ... of their life. Benefits & Effects of Maternal Oral Health on the Mother and Child Protection and control ... Oral Health. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10 Suppl 1 169 174. 10.1007 s10995 006 0095 x ref During ..., Moss, K., & Offenbacher, S. 2006 . Maternal Periodontal Disease in early Pregnancy and Risk for a small ... oral disease pertinent to maternal child health is dental caries. Dental caries is the process of tooth ... occurs from mother to child through saliva sharing activities. Maternal oral flora can ultimately foretell oral flora in offspring. ref name Boggessc Boggess, K.A. & Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine Publication Committee. 2008 . Maternal Oral Health in Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ... pubmed 18378759 ref In addition, other maternal factors such as social, behavioral ... no added fetal or maternal risk when compared to the risk of providing no oral care. Equally important is establishing collaboration among clinicians, especially maternal health providers, with other ... Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Maternal health ... more details
In humans and several other species of animals, the father determines the sex of the child. In the XY sex determination system , the female provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female XX or male XY offspring, respectively. Recent findings indicate that maternal influences may impact which sperm are more likely to achieve conception and that there may be mechanisms by which the mother selectively encourages or discourages sperm with particular characteristics. Human ova, like those of other mammals, are covered with a thick translucent layer called the zona pellucida , which the sperm must penetrate to fertilize the egg. Once viewed simply as an impediment to fertilization , recent research indicates the zona pellucida may instead function as a sophisticated biological security system that chemically controls the entry of the sperm into the egg and protects the fertilized egg from additional sperm. ref Suzanne Wymelenberg, Science and Babies, National Academy Press, 1990, page 17 ref Recent research indicates that human ova may produce a chemical which appears to attract sperm and influence their swimming motion. However, not all sperm are positively impacted some appear to remain uninfluenced and some actually move away from the egg. ref Richard E. Jones and Kristin H. Lopez, Human Reproductive Biology, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2006, page 238 ref Maternal influences may also be possible that affect sex determination in such a way as to produce fraternal twins equally weighted between one male and one female. ref http home.comcast.net brucehjohnson Applied Physics Engineering ref See also Fertilisation External links http www.wikigenes.org e mesh e 6590.html Sperm Ovum Interactions at WikiGenes References references Category Reproduction Category Sex determination systems ... more details
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