by the female parent. It is not to be confused with the generally discredited theory of maternal impression . A maternaleffect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only .... Maternal effects in genetics In genetics, a maternaleffect occurs when the phenotype of an organism ...,effect&rid iga.section.3739 3740 ref For example, if a mutation is maternaleffect recessive , then a female ... 1 style width 75 margin 1em auto 1em auto background white colspan 4 Maternaleffect style padding 1em background color honeydew Image Maternaleffect crosses1.svg center style padding 1em background color honeydew Image Maternaleffect crosses2.svg center style padding 1em background color ivory Image Maternaleffect crosses3.svg center style padding 1em background color ivory Image Maternaleffect ... involving a maternaleffect recessive mutation, m . The maternal genotype determines the phenotype ... pattern of maternaleffect mutations, special genetic screen s are required to identify them. These typically ... zygotic screen, as their mothers will be potentially homozygous for maternaleffect mutations that arise ... year 2002 month March pmid 11972155 doi 10.1038 nrg751 url ref Example maternaleffect genes in Drosophila ... the role of the maternaleffect genes A Drosophila melanogaster oocyte develops in an egg chamber in close ... primordia in a new maternaleffect mutant of Drosophila journal Nature volume 283 issue 5746 pages ... T, Wieschaus E title Germline autonomy of maternaleffect mutations altering the embryonic body ... 1749 56 year 1988 month June pmid 2901954 pmc 457163 doi url ref Other maternaleffect mutants either ... doi 10.1006 dbio.1997.8852 ref See also Maternaleffect dominant embryonic arrest References Reflist 2 genarch DEFAULTSORT MaternalEffect Category Developmental biology Category Ecology Category Evolutionary ... mother. In genetics , maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from ... or proteins to the egg. Maternal effects can also be caused by the maternal environment independent ... more details
NOTOC Maternaleffect dominant embryonic arrest Medea is a Intragenomic conflict selfish gene composed of a toxin and an antidote. A mother carrying Medea will Gene expression express the toxin in her germline, killing her progeny. If the children also carry Medea , they produce copies of the antidote, saving their lives. Therefore, if a mother has one Medea allele and one non Medea allele, half of her children will inherit Medea and survive while the other half will inherit the non Medea allele and die unless they receive Medea from their father . Medea s selfish behavior gives it a selective advantage over normal genes. If introduced into a population at sufficiently high levels, the Medea gene will spread, replacing entire populations of normal beetles with beetles carrying Medea . ref name wade Wade, M.J. and Beeman, R.W. 1994 The Population Dynamics of MaternalEffect Selfish Genes. Genetics 138 1309 1314. ref Because of this, Medea has been proposed as a way of Genetic engineering genetically modifying insect populations. By linking the Medea construct to a gene of interest for instance, a gene conferring resistance to malaria Medea s unique dynamics could be exploited to drive both genes into a population. These findings have dramatic implications for the control of insect borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever . Construction of Medea Medea, which has been found in nature only in flour beetles, is the only Intragenomic conflict selfish gene that has been simulated in the lab and tested in the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster . The toxin was a microRNA that blocked the expression of myd88 , a gene vital for embryonic development in insect s. The antidote was an extra copy of myd88 . The offspring receiving the extra copy of myd88 survived .... ref name chen Chen, C H. et al. 2007 A Synthetic MaternalEffect Selfish Genetic Element Drives ... also Intragenomic conflict Green beard effect Medea gene References Reflist Further reading Khamsi ... more details
Maternal instinct may refer to The maternal bond that forms between a mother and her child Maternal Instinct Stargate SG 1 an episode from the TV series Stargate SG 1 Maternal Instinct Danny Phantom , an episode of Danny Phantom . disambig ... more details
see also Reproductive health Women s health Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy ... care in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. ref harvnb WHO Maternal health ref ..., breastfeeding , and family planning . Problems see also Maternal death Image Merlin Maternal.jpg thumb Maternal health clinic in Afghanistan source Merlin In many developing countries, complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of maternal mortality death among women of reproductive ... name UNICEF harnvb UNICEF Maternal Health ref According to the World Health Organization , in its World Health Report World Health Report 2005 , poor maternal conditions account for the fourth leading ... publisher WHO location Geneva url http www.who.int whr 2005 en index.html ref Most maternal deaths ... , which causes 34 of maternal deaths in the developing world but only 13 of maternal deaths in developed countries. ref cite web title Most Maternal Deaths in Sub Saharan Africa Could Be Avoided date ... ref Although high quality, accessible health care has made maternal death a rare event in developed countries, where only 1 of maternal deaths occur, these complications can often be fatal in the developing ... wpmu 2010 04 Maternal Health Task Force ref Although a high number, this was a significant drop ... access, and saw successes in reducing maternal mortality, so much so that India is cited as the major reason for the decreasing global rates of maternal mortality. ref name NYT20100413 cite news title Maternal Deaths Decline Sharply Across the Globe newspaper New York Times date 13 April 2010 ... that causes significant maternal health problems is HIV AIDS . Mother to child transmission of HIV in the developing ... to their children ref name UNICEF and HIV is a major cause of maternal mortality, causing 60,000 maternal deaths in 2008. HIV rates are especially high in Sub Saharan and Eastern Africa, where maternal mortality rates are on the rise. ref name NYT20100413 Maternal health problems also include complications ... more details
understood Maternal Imprinting to be a folkloric understanding of what he called blood feeling or the formation ... about the phenomenon of postpartum maternal impression in bears. ref Pliny Natural History VIII 126 ... more details
Image MaternalBond.jpg thumb right 300px A mother holds up her child. The maternal bond or motherly bond is typically the personal relationship relationship between a mother and her child . While it typically occurs due to pregnancy and childbirth , it may also occur between a woman and an unrelated child, such as in adoption . There are hundreds of potential factors, both physical and emotional, which can influence the mother child bonding process. Many new mothers do not always experience the instantly in mother love emotions. Bonding is a gradually unfolding experience that can take hours, days, weeks, or even months to develop. Pregnancy The maternal bond between a human female and her biological child usually begins to develop during pregnancy , with her normally adapting her lifestyle sociology lifestyle to suit the needs of the developing infant . Beginning around 18 to 25 weeks, the mother also can feel the fetus moving, which can enhance bonding , as can seeing her baby during an ultrasound scan. The developing fetus hears the mother s heartbeat and voice and may respond to touch or movement. By the seventh month of pregnancy, two thirds of women may report a strong maternal bond. ref cite journal author Winkler J title Development of the maternal bond during pregnancy language Czech journal Cas. Lek. Cesk. volume 139 issue 1 pages 5 8 year 2000 pmid 10750284 doi ref Mothers who unintended pregnancy did not want the pregnancy typically have a lower quality relationship ... D, Schwarz E, Douglas E, et al. title Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal ... cite journal author Kost K, Landry D, Darroch J. title Predicting maternal behaviors during pregnancy ... reducing anxiety and theoretically fostering bonding, so it is generally understood that maternal oxytocin ... Breastfeeding is also strongly believed to foster the early post partum maternal bond, via touch ... 03 13 ref See also Human bonding Paternal bond Cinderella effect Mother s boy Haptic Medicine Footnotes ... more details
of the data and the lack of theory to link alleged cause and effect in Maternal Care ...Image MaternalBond.jpg thumb right Mother and child The term maternal deprivation is a catch phrase summarising ... J. p. 221 ref although the effect of loss of the mother on the developing child had been considered ... 10.1037 0012 1649.28.5.759 issue 5 ref The result was the monograph Maternal Care and Mental Health published in 1951, which sets out the maternal deprivation hypothesis. ref name Bowlby 51 cite book author Bowlby, J. year 1951 title Maternal Care and Mental Health publisher World Health Organisation .... The limited empirical data and lack of comprehensive theory to account for the conclusions in Maternal ... Bowlby 1988 Bowlby J. 1988 p. 24 ref Following the publication of Maternal Care and Mental Health ... Cite web author Bowlby, J. year 1986 series Citation Classic title Maternal Care and Mental Health ... tenet of maternal deprivation theory that children s experiences of interpersonal relationships ... care has become generally accepted, maternal deprivation as a discrete syndrome is not a concept ... effect of this double separation on the child. ref name fildes cite book author Fildes, V. year 1988 ..., but his concern was less with the actual experience of maternal care than with the anxiety the child ... of maternal deprivation and hospitalism . His investigation focused on infants who had experienced ... . Of these fourteen, twelve had suffered prolonged maternal separations as opposed to only two ... Thieves ref Maternal Care and Mental Health Bowlby s work on delinquent and affectionless children ... ref The result was the monograph Maternal Care and Mental Health published in 1951, which sets out the maternal ... in which the child did not have this relationship he termed maternal deprivation . This term ... rather than removal if possible. ref name bowlby67 Bowlby J. 1951 pp. 67 92 ref Maternal Bowlby ... maternal deprivation is ambiguous as it is unclear whether the deprivation is that of the biological ... more details
Infobox disease Name Maternal death ICD10 O95 ICD9 ICD9 646.9 According to the World Health Organization WHO , A maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination .... ref http www.cahr.info index files page0023.htm Maternal Mortality in Central Asia , Central Asia Health Review CAHR , 2 June 2008 ref Generally, there is a distinction between a direct maternal death ... maternal death that is a pregnancy related death in a patient with a preexisting or newly developed ... accidental , incidental , or nonobstetrical maternal deaths. The U.S. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations calls maternal mortality is a sentinel event , and uses it to assess ..., it has been reported that about 10 of maternal deaths may occur late, that is after 42 days after ..., Roger W. Rochat, Jack C. Smith title Maternal Mortality Surveillance, United States, 1980 1985 ... , the major causes of maternal deaths are severe bleeding hemorrhage 25 , infections 13 , unsafe .... ref name nour cite journal author Nour NM title An Introduction to Maternal Mortality journal Reviews in Ob Gyn year 2008 volume 1 pages 77 81 ref Over 90 of maternal deaths occur in developing countries ... url ref In developing countries, the most common cause of maternal death is obstetrical ... Unintended pregnancy is a major cause of maternal deaths. Worldwide, unintended pregnancy resulted in almost 700,000 maternal deaths from 1995 to 2000 approximately one fifth of the maternal deaths .... ref name promises Associated risk factors High rates of maternal deaths occur in the same countries .... Low birth weight of the child is correlated with maternal death from cardiovascular disease . Subtracting one pound of infant birth weight is correlated with the doubling of the risk of maternal death. Conversely, heavier child birth weight is correlated with lower risk of maternal death. Citation needed date August 2008 Another issue that is associated with maternal mortality is the lack of access ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Bass Is Maternal Type studio Artist Smith & Mighty Cover Bass Is Maternal.jpg Released 1995 Recorded Genre Length Label More Rockers Producer Last album This album Bass Is Maternal br 1995 Next album Big World Small World br 2000 Bass Is Maternal is an album by the Bristol based group Smith & Mighty , originally released on More Rockers in 1995. Track listing Hold On Strange Mix 3 15 Jungle Man Corner 4 20 Closer 5 07 Walking 4 09 Evolve 4 36 Drowning 3 43 Accept All Contrasts 3 35 Bass Is Maternal 4 12 Down in Rwanda 4 37 Higher Dub 5 10 Maybe for Dub 4 51 Time 4 32 U Dub 3 35 Yow He Koh 2 37 Odd Tune for Piano 5 05 Category 1995 albums 1990s electronic album stub ... more details
pp semi vandalism small yes Refimprove date May 2009 Yo Mama , Your Mum & Yo momma redirect here. For the MTV show hosted by Wilmer Valderamma based on the use of mothers in taunts, see Yo Momma TV series A maternal insult also referred to as a yo momma joke is a reference to a person s mother through the use of phrases such as your mother please do not include a list here, add them to the lower section or other regional variants, frequently used to insult the target by way of their mother. ref name mal11 cite journal url http www.juggling.org conway juggler MAL.TXT volume 11 journal Maledicta author Andrew Conway year 1994 title You re ugly, your dick is small and everybody s afraid to fuck your mother The Stand Up Comedian s Response to the Heckler accessdate 2007 11 18 ref Used as an insult, your mother... preys on widespread sentiments of filial piety , making the insult particularly and globally offensive. Your mother can be combined with most types of insults, although suggestions of promiscuity are particularly common. ref cite journal last Ayoub first Millicent R. coauthors Barnett, Stephen A. year October December month 1965 title Ritualized Verbal Insult in White High School Culture journal The Journal of American Folklore volume 78 issue 310 pages 337 344 accessdate 2007 01 05 doi 10.2307 538441 jstor 538441 publisher American Folklore Society ref Insults based on obesity , incest , Ageing age , race classification of human beings race , poverty , hygiene poor hygiene , ugliness unattractiveness , or stupidity may also be used. Compared to other types of insults, your mother insults are especially likely to incite violence . ref cite news url http www.guardian.co.uk football 2006 jul 12 worldcup2006.sport title The mother of all insults publisher Guardian Unlimited The Guardian Unlimited date 2006 06 12 accessdate 2006 12 06 location London first Stuart last Jeffries ref Slang variants such as yo mama , yo momma , yer ma , ya mum , your mum or your mom ar ... more details
Distinguish Affect disambiguation wiktionary effectEffect may refer to A result or change of something List of effects Cause and effect, an idiom describing causality In pharmacy and pharmacology Drug effect , a change resulting from the administration of a drug Therapeutic effect , a beneficial change in medical condition, often caused by a drug Adverse effect or side effect, an unwanted change in medical condition caused by a drug Dose response effect, the relationship between a drug dose and its effect, plotted on a dose response curve In media Special effect , an artificial illusion Sound effect , an artificially created or enhanced sound Effects unit , a device used to manipulate electronic sound Effects pedal , a small device attached to an instrument to modify its sound Visual effects , artificially created or enhanced images Miscellaneous Effects, one s personal property or belongings Effects G.I. Joe , a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe Effect size , a measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables Effect system , formal system which describes the computational effects of computer programs Amendments to the constitution of the United States Bill of Rights Amendment IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects ... See also lookfrom intitle Affect disambiguation Effectiveness disambiguation Efficacy Pragmatism , the philosophy of causes and effects Sequence of events disambig cs Efekt da Effekt de Effekt es Causalidad fr Effet homonymie id Efek nl Effect pl Efekt ru sk Efekt th uk ... more details
was shown to have a protective effect on maternal deaths. ref A.K. Mbonye, M.G. Mutabazi, J.B. ... and its effect on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes in Uganda , Bulletin of the World Health ... and her baby. Like many developing countries, Uganda has high maternal mortality rates, which ..., they are often understaffed and low on supplies which can also have an effect. Traditionally, Ugandan ... their own decisions which can also be a factor in such a high maternal mortality rate. Many women ... to improve maternal mortality in Uganda. Maternal Health as a Capability and Why it Matters The World ... Maternal Health url http www.who.int topics maternal health en publisher World Health Organization ... to poor maternal health and nutrition, as well as quality of care at delivery and during the newborn ... and success of our future generations. Maternal Mortality and Morbidity The World Health Organization WHO defines maternal health as the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. ref cite web title World Health Organization Maternal Health url http www.who.int topics maternal health en publisher World Health Organization accessdate 20 February 2012 ref According to estimates from UNICEF , Uganda s maternal mortality ratio, the annual number of deaths of women ... progress in the fifth goal of improving maternal health in its Millennium Development Goals . With the 2015 target for maternal mortality ratio at 131 per 100,000 births and proportion of births attended ... Survey UDHS do not allow for precise estimates of maternal mortality. ref cite web title Millenium ... reported. High maternal mortality rates persist in Uganda due to an overall low use of contraceptives ..., and the labor market. Out of 183 countries, Uganda ranks 11th. Their maternal mortality ... to be a correlation between the high maternal mortality ratio and high fertility rate which ... birth attendant could also be associated with a high maternal mortality ratio. ref cite web title ... more details
see also Health in Angola Angola According to the World Health Organization , maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Maternal health is an important ... over time. Maternal health in Angola, specifically, is affected by many different factors, including ... The World Health Organization lists the leading causes of maternal death as severe bleeding ... contribute about 80 percent of all maternal mortalities worldwide with the vast majority occurring in developing countries. The other remaining factors that contribute to maternal death are malaria ..., inadequate service, and cultural practices. All of these causes of maternal death, and the corresponding reasons, are very familiar among women in Angola. ref http www.who.int topics maternal ... maternal health has been an ongoing problem contributing to the decreased level of health in the population in the early 21st century. In Angola, maternal health is a very complicated issue. Maternal ... an income, as well as security and well being. Maternal health is considerably more important because ... are greatly influenced by maternal factors. ref name Naveed Dereulin, Severine. Shahani, L. An Introduction ... www.unicef.org infobycountry angola 54038.html. Accessed April 30, 2012 ref Maternal Health Statistics ... maternal death rates in the world. ref Jacobsen, Kathryn. Introduction to Global Health. Jones and Bartlett Publishers,2008. ref Results vary, but the estimated maternal mortality ratio MMR toward the end of the Civil War was between 1,281 1,500 maternal deaths to 100,000 live births. ref name Pettersson ... to 100,000 live births. ref name child info http www.childinfo.org maternal mortality countrydata.php. .... This has led to a dramatic decrease of health workers and added to the poor maternal health problem ... to improve health overall, as well as to focus on improving maternal health. ref name Unicef ... in maternal health. ref name USAID Background http www.usaid.gov ao about.html. Accessed 10, 2012 ref ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine SMFM , www.smfm.org, located in Washington, D.C. , is a Non profit organization not for profit organization of over 2,000 members that are dedicated to improving perinatal care. Board American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology certified maternal fetal medicine sub specialists have an additional two three years training in MFM. The Society s primary objectives are to promote and expand research and education in maternal fetal medicine. Congenital heart disease Congenital heart defects , genetic disorder s, preeclampsia , and complications of Premature birth preterm labor and delivery are a few examples of disorders that maternal fetal medicine sub specialists treat. Unreferenced date May 2007 Category Medical associations based in the United States Category Organizations based in Washington, D.C. ... more details
care. Although there have been some notable advances, efforts to adequately address maternal health .... Recognizing that real progress requires better coordination and increased global attention, the Maternal Health Task Force brings together existing maternal health networks and engages new organizations to facilitate global coordination of maternal health programs. The Task Force does not duplicate ... provides a new forum dedicated specifically to maternal health, while reaching out to leaders from ... to devise innovative solutions to maternal morbidity and mortality. As a key component of the initiative ... very closely with the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and other critical partners ... will coordinate a set of activities identified as priorities for the maternal health field,promote ... to the building of a stronger evidence base for maternal health, greater consensus in the field ... to accelerated progress on maternal health. The Task Force will use a dynamic Knowledge Management System ... the maternal health dialogue. To register as a Task Force member, visit the MHTF at www.maternalhealthtaskforce.org See also http www.maternalhealthtaskforce.org Maternal Health Task Force web site Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation EngenderHealth Category Maternal health ... more details
Refimprove date April 2007 See also Paternal age effect Advanced maternal age is defined as an increase in the age at which women give birth to their first child, is now a widespread, and indeed near universal, phenomenon across the OECD countries. In Western, Northern, and Southern Europe, first time mothers are on average 26 to 29 years old, up from 23 to 25 years at the start of the 1970s. In a number of European countries Spain , the mean age of women at first childbirth has now even crossed the 30 year threshold. This process is not restricted to Europe. Asia , Japan and the United States are all seeing average age at first birth on the rise, and increasingly the process is spreading to countries in the developing world like China , Turkey and Iran . In the U.S., the age of first childbirth was 25 in 2006. ref http www.chicagotribune.com features arts chi 0621 fertility dramas side1jun21,0,7805988.story Infertility by the numbers Colleen Mastony. June 21, 2009 ref Effects Decreased fertility See Female infertility Age Having children later was not exceptional in the past, when families were larger and women often continued bearing children until the end of their reproductive age. What is so radical about this recent transformation is that it is the age at which women give birth ... before the child becomes an adult increases by more advanced maternal age, such as can be demonstrated ... class wikitable Maternal age at childbirth 25 30 35 40 45 Risk of mother not surviving until child s 18th birthday in percent ref name Schmidt2011 1.0 1.6 2.6 3.8 5.5 On the other hand, advanced maternal ... or less uncertain whether these entities are effects of advanced maternal age, are contributors to advanced maternal age, or common effects of a certain state such as personality type. Explanations ... the older maternal age at birth of the first child, the time span between the birth of the first and the second ... Paternal age effect Teenage pregnancy References reflist Further reading Hofmeister, Heather ... more details
A maternal near miss MNM is an event in which a pregnant woman comes close to maternal death , but does not die &ndash a near miss safety near miss . Traditionally, the analysis of maternal deaths has ... to an increased interest in analyzing so called near miss events. Background Maternal mortality is a sentinel event to assess the quality of a health care system. The standard indicator is the Maternal Mortality Ratio , defined as the ratio of the number of maternal death s per 100,000 live births ... ref The small number of cases makes the evaluation of maternal mortality practically impossible ref ... dramatic decline in maternal death was achieved in Rochdale , an industrial town in the poorest area of England. In 1928 the town had a Maternal Mortality Ratio of over 900 per 100,000 live births .... ref Lewis 2003 31 ref The very low figures of maternal mortality have therefore stimulated an interest in investigating cases of life threatening obstetric morbidity or maternal near miss . There are several ... are more common than maternal deaths ref list is based on Adisasmita 2008 unless otherwise indicated ... of service provision ref Tingle 2002 3 ref it is also clear that maternal deaths merely are the tip of the iceberg of maternal disability. For every woman who dies, many more will survive but often ... Health Organization defines a maternal near miss case as a woman who nearly died but survived a complication ..., she is considered as a maternal near miss case. ref WHO 2009 ref br br Cardiovascular dysfunction ... Maternal and Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System in Afghanistan journal Journal of Midwifery ... uses the term near miss maternal death cite journal last Lewis first Gwyneth authorlink coauthors title Beyond the Numbers reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer journal ... and prevalence of severe maternal morbidity journal Medicina volume 40 issue 4 pages publisher location ... url http www.gfmer.ch Endo Course2003 Severe maternal 20morbidity review.htm title Incidence prevalence ... more details
multiple issues cleanup March 2012 orphan March 2012 refimprove March 2012 The main aspects of Maternal Health are Prenatal care , post natal care , family planning and preconception. Prenatal Care in Rwanda The RBF scheme in Rwanda has led to massive improvement in the prenatal care in various provinces of the country. Institutional Delivery Institutional Delivery helps to reduce infant mortality rate . According to UNICEF , institutional delivery coverage is 69 in 2006 2010 in Rwanda . ref http www.unicef.org infobycountry rwanda statistics.html ref Post natal Care Empty section date April 2012 Notes reflist Category Health in Rwanda Category Maternal health Rwanda ... more details
units maternity fmu ref The field of maternal fetal medicine is one of the most rapidly evolving ..., Gynecology & Infertility COGI http www.bmfms.org.uk British Maternal and Fetal Medicine Society human ... more details
Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus . They are physiology physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular , hematology hematologic , metabolism metabolic , renal and respiration physiology respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones. Physiological changes in pregnancy The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Citation needed date December 2009 Hormonal Pregnant women experience adjustments in their endocrine system . Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. Estrogen is mainly produced by the placenta and is associated with fetal well&ndash being. Women also experience ... due to maternal pituitary gland enlargement by 50 . This mediates a change in the structure of the mammary .... It can also decrease maternal tissue sensitivity to insulin, resulting in gestational diabetes . ref ... of the effect it might have on her breasts. I want to breastfeed, she said, but I ve seen what it can ... growth and fat deposition. Changes are caused by steroid hormones, lactogen, and cortisol. Maternal ... gluconeogenesis to increase maternal glucose levels. Citation needed date December 2009 ... in pregnancy he tr Gebelikte maternal fizyolojik de i iklikler ... more details
Maternal to zygotic transition MZT is the stage in embryonic development during which development comes under the exclusive control of the Zygote zygotic genome . This requires both Zygote zygotic genome activation ZGA and degradation of maternal products. MZT is often thought to be synonymous with midblastula transition MBT , but these processes are, in fact, distinct ref name baroux cite journal author Baroux C, Autran D, Gillmor CS, et al. title The Maternal to Zygotic Transition in Animals and Plants journal Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol volume 73 pages 89 100 year 2008 pmid 19204068 doi 10.1101 sqb.2008.73.053 ref . However, the MBT roughly coincides with ZGA in many metazoans ref name tadros cite journal author Tadros W and Lipshitz HD title The maternal to zygotic transition a play ... are carried out primarily by maternal products Protein proteins and messenger RNA mRNAs contributed ... Maternal zygotic transition.png right thumbnail 270px Generalized diagram showing levels of maternal and zygotic mRNA levels over the course of embryogenesis. Maternal to zygotic transition MZT is the period during which zygotic genes are activated and maternal transcripts are cleared. After Schier ... ref name schier cite journal author Schier AF title The Maternal Zygotic Transition Death and Birth ... doi 10.1016 0092 8674 91 90182 X issue 2 ref . Clearing of maternal transcripts To eliminate the contribution of maternal gene products to development, maternally supplied Messenger RNA mRNAs must ... in the 3 UTR of maternal transcripts mediate their degradation reviewed by Tadros and Lipshitz ref ... studies in both zebrafish and Xenopus have found evidence of a role for microRNAs in degradation of maternal ... miR 430 promotes deadenylation and clearance of maternal mRNAs. journal Science volume 312 pages 75 ... 430 ortholog miR 427 has been shown to target maternal mRNA mRNAs for deadenylation . Specifically ... Lund E, Liu M, Hartley RS, Sheets MD, Dahlberg JE. title Deadenylation of maternal mRNAs mediated ... more details
Maternal autoimmune bullous disease is a blistering skin condition that presents at birth. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Accessory nail of the fifth toe List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Dermatology stub Category Cutaneous congenital anomalies ... more details
Infobox military award name Order of Maternal Glory image File Order of Maternal Glory.jpg 350px caption Order of Maternal Glory, all three classes awarded by the flag Soviet Union type Three grade order eligibility Soviet citizens for bearing and raising 7 or more children campaign status No longer awarded description clasps established July 8, 1944 first award December 6, 1944 last award total 1st class 753,000 br 2nd class 1,508,000 3rd class 2,786,000 posthumous recipients individual higher Mother Heroine same lower related image2 caption2 The Order of Maternal Glory Russian was a Soviet civilian award created on 8 July 1944 by Joseph Stalin and established with a decision of the Praesidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR . Its status was confirmed by the Soviet s decision of August 18, 1944 and later modified by September 16, 1947, May 28, 1973 and May 28, 1980 decisions. It was awarded on behalf of the Praesidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR through decrees of local soviet presidencies. The order was divided in three classes 1st, 2nd and 3rd class the highest being the 1st class . It was conferred to 1st class mothers bearing and raising 9 children 2nd class mothers bearing and raising 8 children 3rd class mothers bearing and raising 7 children. The order was conferred upon the first birthday of the last child, provided that the other children necessary to reach the qualifying number natural or adopted remained alive. Children who had perished under heroic, military or other respectful circumstances, including occupational disease s, were also counted. The award was created simultaneously with the Mother Heroine order and the Maternity Medal Russian and it was situated in between them. The author of the artistic project was the painter ... with the phrase Maternal Glory and the roman number showing the order s class. Below ... in 1991 ca Orde de la Gl ria Maternal cv fr Ordre de la Gloire maternelle it Ordine ... more details
Al Sabeen Maternal Hospital , also El Sabeen Maternity and Child Hospital ref name The Lancet cite book title The Lancet url http books.google.com books?id nX4VAQAAMAAJ accessdate 11 July 2011 year 2002 publisher Little, Brown page 1889 ref , is a hospital in Sana a , Yemen . It is located in the south of the city, immediately north of the Saleh Mosque . ref name GM cite map title Google Maps publisher Google accessdate 11 July 2011 ref References Reflist coord 15 19 48 N 44 12 25 E type landmark display title Category Buildings and structures in Sana a Category Hospitals in Yemen Yemen struct stub Asia hospital stub ... more details
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