Mbuti or Bambuti are one of several Indigenous peoples of Africa indigenous Pygmies pygmy groups in the Congo Basin Congo region of Africa . Their languages belong to the Central Sudanic languages Central Sudanic subgroup of the Nilo Saharan phylum and also to Bantu languages . ethnic group group Mbuti poptime 30,000 50,000? popplace Democratic Republic of the Congo rels Bambuti mythology langs Efe language Efe , Asoa language Asoa , Kango language Kango related Pygmies generally assumed Overview The Bambuti are pygmy hunter gatherer s, and are one of the oldest indigenous people of the Congo region of Africa. The Bambuti are composed of bands which are relatively small in size, ranging from 15 to 60 people. The Bambuti population totals about 30,000 to 40,000 people. There are four distinct culture s within the Bambuti. These are The Ef , who speak the language of a neighboring Sudanic people, Lese language Lese . The Sua sc aka Kango sc aka Mbuti, who speak a dialect or perhaps two of the language of a neighboring Bantu people, Bila language Bila . The Asua people Asua , the only Mbuti ... Sudanic Mangbetu people Mangbetu . ???? ref term3 The term BaMbuti Mbuti is therefore confusing ... to a people of the tree s that could have been the Mbuti. Environment File R gion Ituri R publique ... of Mbuti Pygmies, told the UN Forum on Indigenous Issues that during the Second Congo War ... Ichikawa, Mitsuo title Food Restrictions of the Mbuti Pygmies year 1987 publisher Kyoto University ... 3A 20The 20Forest 20People Mbuti Net Hunters of the Ituri Forest, story with photos and link to Audio Slideshow . The Associated Press, 2010. http www.ucc.uconn.edu epsadm03 mbuti.html The Mbuti of Zaire ... mbuti More information about the Mbuti on a site that is devoted to the scientific study of the diversity ... of Colin Turnbull s The Forest People Category African Pygmies es Mbuti fr Mbuti pygm es nl Mbuti ja pl Mbuti sv Mbuti ... more details
refimprove date May 2010 Mbuti Bambuti mythology is the mythology of the African Mbuti also known as Bambuti Pygmies of Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo . The most important god of the Bambuti pantheon is Khonvoum also Khonuum, Kmvoum, Chorum , a god of the hunt who wields a bow made from two snake s that together appear to human s as a rainbow . After sunset every day, Khonvoum gathers fragments of the star s and throws them into the sun to revitalize it for the next day. He occasionally contacts mortals through Gor mythology Gor a thunder god who is also an elephant or a chameleon similar to the divine messenger used by Orish nla of Yoruba mythology . Khonvoum created mankind from clay . Black people were made from black clay, white people came from white clay, and the Pygmies themselves came from red clay. He also creates the animals that are needed by hunters. Arebati is a lunar deity and Sky Father . In some sources, he was said to have created humanity from clay, instead of Khonvoum. Tore mythology Tore is a god of the forest s who supplies animals to hunters. He is also a thunder god who appears as a storm and hides in rainbow s. Most importantly, Tore appears as a leopard in the initiation rites. The first Pygmies stole fire from Tore he chased them but could not catch them, and when he returned home, his mother had died. As punishment, he decreed that humans would also die, and he thus became the death god. Negoogunogumbar is a child eating giant mythology giant . Obrigwabibikwa is a dwarf mythology dwarf who can change himself into a reptile . See also Other Pygmy groups Baka people Cameroon and Gabon Baka Aka people Aka Twa peoples Researchers who studied pygmy culture and mythology Colin Turnbull Mauro Campagnoli External links http www.pygmies.org African Pygmies Culture and mythology of Pygmies, with photos and ethnographic notes http www.greatdreams.com ... African mythology Category African traditional religions africa myth stub fr Mythologie Mbuti ... more details
Bambuti may refer to The Mbuti people , one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa Bambuti film Bambuti film , a 1956 West German film directed by Bernhard Grzimek and Michael Grzimek disambig ... more details
The Kango Bakango , also known as the Batchua and Mbuti Sua , are an Mbuti pygmy people of the Ituri forest . They speak a Bantu languages Bantu language, Bila language Bila , apparently in two dialects, northern Sua and southern Kango. The are in a patron vassal relationship with several Bantu speaking peoples, the Bila people Bila , Budu people Budu , Ndaka people Ndaka , Bombo people Bombo , Liko people Liko , and Baali people Baali two Sudanic peoples, the Lese people Lese and Luumbi , and the Ubangian Mayogo . They may be the Wochua people described in the 19th century. References Serge BAHUCHET, 2006. Languages of the African Rainforest Pygmy Hunter Gatherers Language Shifts without Cultural Admixture. http hal.archives ouvertes.fr docs 00 54 82 07 PDF Bahuchet 2006 Leipzig Version1.pdf In Historical linguistics and hunter gatherers populations in global perspective . Leipzig. Africa ethno group stub Category African Pygmies ... more details
The Wochua singular Achua was the endonym of a pygmy people of the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo , south of the Welle River . They were first described in the Western world in 1880 1883 by Wilhelm Junker. They may be the same as the Kango people Kango Mbuti , who are called Batchua the root is Abatwa Twa , pronounced Cwa IPA xx t wa in Congo they are reported to have associated with the Mayogo language Maigo patrons of the Kango , the Mamvu language Momfu patrons of the Ef , but Wochua is a Bantu term , and the Mabode unidentified . References 1911 Junker, W. 1892. Travels in Africa during the years 1875 1886 http books.google.com books?id rFQMAAAAYAAJ&dq Ruwenzori Twa&source gbs navlinks s Category Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category African Pygmies DRCongo stub Africa ethno group stub ... more details
The Mbenga people , Bambenga , are the western pygmies of Cameroon and Gabon the, Aka people Aka Babenz l , Basese, Bayaka, Nzari , Baka people Cameroon and Gabon Baka Bebayaka, Bibaya , Gyele people Gyele , Kola people Kola Koya , and Babongo Bongo . The Aka sc aka Yaka and Baka are both called Bayaka the Gyele and Kola are both called Bakola or Bakoya . The term Babinga is derogatory. References Mbuti, Twa, and Mbenga . In Stokes ed. 2009. Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East , Volume 1 Africa ethno group stub Category African Pygmies ... more details
Infobox language speakers 26,000 date 2000 name Asoa ethnicity Asua people Asua region Ituri forest states Democratic Republic of Congo Congo DRC familycolor Nilo Saharan fam2 Central Sudanic fam3 Eastern fam4 Mangbetu languages Mangbetu iso3 asv Asoa , also known as Asua, Asuae, Asuati, or Aka, is a Central Sudanic languages Central Sudanic language spoken by the Mbuti Pygmies known as the Asua people Asua . It is closely related to the Mangbetu language , and the Asua live in association with the Mangbetu people , among others. It is the only distinctive Pygmy language in the east. Category Central Sudanic languages Category African Pygmies Category Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa ethno group stub hr Asoa jezik sw Kiasoa pms Lenga Asoa ... more details
distinguish Aka people The Asua or Asoa , also known as the Aka , are an Mbuti pygmy people of the Ituri forest . They speak a Central Sudanic language, Asoa language Asuati , and are the only Pygmy group in the east to have their own language, though it is closely related to Mangbetu language Mangbetu . The Asua have a patron vassal relationship with several neighboring peoples, including, the Malele, Meegye, Makere, Popoyi, Mangbetu people Mangbetu , and Abulu all Central Sudanic and the Liko and Ndaka people Ndaka both Bantu . References reflist Africa ethno group stub Category African Pygmies ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Khonvoum is the supreme god and creator of the Mbuti Bambuti Pygmy people in central Africa . He is the great hunter , god of the hunt, and carries a bow made of two snake which appears to mortals as a rainbow. He rules the heavens and when the sun sets, he gathers pieces of the stars and throws it at the sun so that it may rise the next day in its full splendor. He contacts people by means of the mythical elephant Gor mythology Gor the thunderer or through a chameleon . Khonvoum created black and white people from black and white clay, and the Pygmies from red clay. For them he also created the jungle with its lush vegetation and animal life. See also Bambuti mythology Category Creator gods Category Hunting gods Category Sky and weather gods Category Pygmy mythology Category African mythology Africa myth stub es Khonvoum fr Khonvoum ... more details
Efe , efe or EFE may refer to one of the following. Science and engineering The Einstein field equations Early fuel evaporator Endocardial fibroelastosis , a heart condition in young children People Individuals Efe Aydan , Turkish former professional basketball player Efe Cakarel , Turkish entrepreneur Efe nan , Turkish footballer Groups populations Efe people , an Mbuti pygmy people the Efe language Efe zeibek were leaders of Turkish outlaws and soldiers Other Efe ceremony see Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity Sports Trofeo EFE , a Spanish football award EFE , a Spanish news agency Vehicles and transport Empresa de Ferrocarriles Ecuatorianos Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado , a railway in Chile Exclusive First Editions , a producer of die cast bus models See also disambig given name Category Turkish masculine given names de Efe es EFE eo EFE it EFE pt Efe ... more details
The Forest People 1961 is Colin Turnbull s ethnographic study of the Mbuti pygmies of the then Belgian Congo later Zaire and now Democratic Republic of Congo . In the widely popular book, the British American anthropologist detailed his three years spent with the community in the late 1950s. The style is informal and accessible. Turnbull contrasts his forest living subjects lifestyle with that of nearby town dwelling Africans and evaluates the interactions of the two groups. The Forest People was the popular version of Turnbull s academic thesis , which was published in an expanded, more technical form by Routledge in London as Wayward Servants The Two Worlds of the African Pygmies 1965 . External links http siris archives.si.edu ipac20 ipac.jsp?uri full 3100001 218991 0 Smithsonian listing of documentary footage of the area and communities described in the book http www7.nationalgeographic.com ngm 0509 feature5 BaMbuti Pygmies National Geographic Magazine National Geographic Feature in September 2005 DEFAULTSORT Forest People, The Category Anthropology books Category 1961 books Category African Pygmies science book stub ... more details
a book about the Ef Pygmies, The Forest People , in 1965. This introduced Mbuti culture to Western .... Turnbull claimed that the Mbuti viewed the forest as a parental spirit that could be communicated ... music is only characteristic of the Mbenga and Mbuti. The Gyele people Gyele Kola , Great Lakes ... more details
Cwa or CWA may be Cwa people , non Mbuti Pygmies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo United States of America USA , in Russian language Russian Cyrillic Acronyms and abbreviations include CEN Workshop Agreement Reference document from the European Committee for Standardization Canadian Workroom Association association of drapery soft home accessory professionals Catch Wrestling Association German professional wrestling promotion Child Workers in Asia Non profit organization defending children s rights Central Wisconsin Airport IATA code Chemical weapon agent Stevie Rachelle Cheeseheads with Attitude a parody musical group from Wisconsin Civil Works Administration New Deal era agency in the United States Clean Water Act Environmental law in the United States Closed World Assumption Formalisms of knowledge representation Communications Workers of America Labor union Concerned Women for America Conservative Christian lobbying group in the United States Conference on World Affairs at University of Colorado, Boulder Continental Wrestling Association Based in Memphis, United States Country Women s Association Australian Rural Women s Group Crime Writers Association British Cape Wind Associates Cape Wind Humid subtropical climate with monsoon al influences hot, humid, rainy summers and mild to warm, dry winters disambig de CWA fr CWA it CWA ja CWA pl CWA sv CWA ... more details
Corneille Ewango is a Democratic Republic of Congo Congolese environmentalist, and was responsible for the Okapi Faunal Reserve s botany program in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1996 to 2003. He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2005 ref name goldman Goldman Environmental Prize 2005 http www.goldmanprize.org node 101 Corneille Ewango Retrieved on November 5, 2007 ref for his efforts to protect the Okapi Wildlife Reserve in the Ituri Rainforest during the Congo Civil War . The reserve is home to the Mbuti people, and houses animals such as okapi s found nowhere else , elephants and 13 primate species. Ewango has uncovered 270 species of liana s and 600 tree species in the area. References reflist External links http www.goldmanprize.org node 101 GoldmanPrize.com &ndash 2005 Goldman Environmental Prize recipient Media http www.ted.com talks view id 299 TED Talks Corneille Ewango is a hero of the Congo forest at TED conference TED Global in 2007 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ewango, Corneille ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ewango, Corneille Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category Democratic Republic of the Congo environmentalists DRCongo bio stub Scientist stub fr Corneille Ewango ... more details
distinguish Sua language Kango language Bas U l District Infobox language name Bila nativename Kango, Sua states Democratic Republic of the Congo region Ituri forest speakers 40,000 date 1998 ethnicity Kango people Kango Wochua ? familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Bantu languages Bantu Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Zone D Zone D.20 30 fam6 Boan languages Boan fam7 Bomokandian fam8 Biran languages Biran dia1 Kango 1,000 dia2 Sua 1,000 dia3 Bombi Ngbanja dia4 Nyaku lc1 bip ld1 Bila lc2 kzy ld2 Kango Sua Bila is a Bantu language spoken by the Mbuti Pygmies called Kango people Kango and Sua Batchua . The other Mbuti speak Central Sudanic languages . The Kango and Sua speak distinct dialects southern and northern , but not enough to impair mutual intelligibility with their farming Bila patrons. In the Beni and Lubero areas of D.R.Congo, west of the Ruwenzori mountain area, we are presented with languages so different from the rest of the grouping that they have been called by the name Sub Bantu ref Margaret Arminel Bryan, The Bantu Languages of Africa Oxford University Press 1959. pages 89 91. ref in linguistic terms, this merely means that some of the typically Bantu grammatical features are missing just as they are with many a language of undoubted Bantu affiliations an example is Bulu in Cameroon. ref grammatical analysis based on Mfufub Bibel La Bible en Bulu Alliance Biblique du Cameroun, Yaounde, 1976. ref It is not clear precisely what this means in the case of Bila and related languages of the area. Bryan ref The Bantu Languages of Africa as above. ref mentions a KuMbuti or KiMbuti spoken by the Bambuti Pygmies scattered among the forest Ba Bila , and with certain peculiarities ... especially as regards pronunciation . Forest Bila or KuBira is assigned to about 6,000 people in 1959 in the Beni and Epulu areas, while KiBira is used on the Shari ... more details
Infobox ethnic group group Budu people population region1 Ituri Forest , Democratic Republic of the Congo pop1 350,000 ref name Joshua ref1 region2 pop2 ref2 languages Budu language religions related footnotes The Budu people Babudu are a Bantu people living in the Wamba Territory in the Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . They speak the Budu language . Location The Budu people live on both sides of the Nepoko River , speaking different dialects. However, the people of the Ibambi side of the river and those of the Wamba, Haut Uele District Wamba side consider themselves one people. ref cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code buu title Budu A language of Democratic Republic of the Congo work Ethnologue accessdate 2011 10 25 ref The Budu territory is within tropical rain forest. It is isolated, with roads inaccessible to vehicles other than bicycles. ref name Joshua Economy The Budu people mainly live by subsistence agriculture, growing cassava, yams, corn, rice, peanuts, plantains and pulses. Palm oil is the main cash crop, giving an income per capita of about 120 a year. ref name JesusFilm Animal husbandry is rare, limited to poultry and some goats. They obtain meat and other forest resources through trade with the Mbuti people Pygmies , who share their language. ref cite journal url http www.italian journal of mammalogy.it article view 3888 journal Hystrix volume 1 year 1983 pages 1 83 title The mammals in the zoological culture of the Mbuti Pygmies in north eastern Zair author Guiseppe M. Carpaneto & Francesco P. Germi accessdate 2011 10 25 ref The people wear loin cloths made from beaten bark, or second hand western clothes. They live in square huts with mud walls, thatched with palm leaves. ref name JesusFilm Culture The family organization is patriarchal. Important decisions are made by a consensus of elders. ref name JesusFilm Both the Catholic church and, later, the Worldwide Evangel for Christ WEC , have been acti ... more details
, whose leaves are used by the Mbuti to build their homes. Economy The Kilo Moto gold mines ... percentage of the population in the province. The Mbuti , a pygmy ethnic group, reside primarily in the Ituri forest near the Okapi Wildlife Reserve , although some Mbuti have been forced in recent ... more details
Mbuti pygmies and Indigenous peoples of Africa indigenous Bantu peoples Bantu farmers also live within ... of the Reserve, causing its staff to flee or be evacuated. While the native Mbuti and Bantu ... more details
haplogroup of not only modern Pygmy Pygmies like the Baka Cameroon and Gabon Baka and Mbuti ... 81685 ref B2 Haplogroup B2 M182 has been found in 6 3 47 of a sample of Mbuti males from the Democratic ... 1 12 of a sample of Mbuti males from the Democratic Republic of the Congo . ref name Cruciani2002 Haplogroup B2a M150 xB2a1a M152 has been observed in 11 5 47 of a sample of Mbuti from Democratic Republic ... 15 31 of a sample of Biaka from Central African Republic, ref name Wood2005 43 20 47 of a sample of Mbuti ... name Wood2005 B2b2 Haplogroup B2b2 M115, M169 has been found in 8 1 12 of a sample of Mbuti from the Democratic ... 45 14 31 Biaka from Central African Republic, ref name Wood2005 21 10 47 Mbuti from Democratic Republic ... more details
book The Forest People 1961 , an admiring study of the Mbuti BaMbuti . In 1972, he wrote a sequel of sorts ... . ISBN 0 671 20069 0 The Peoples of Africa , 1962 The Mbuti Pygmies An Ethnographic Survey in Anthropological ... 0 Man in Africa , 1976. ISBN 0 14 022035 6 The Human Cycle , 1983. ISBN 0 586 08493 2 The Mbuti Pygmies ... more details
In music , hocket is the rhythmic linear technique using the alternation of note music notes , pitch music pitches , or chord music chord s. In medieval practice of hocket, a single melody is shared between two or occasionally more voices such that alternately one voice sounds while the other rests. In European music, hocket was used primarily in vocal music of the 13th and early 14th centuries. It was a predominant characteristic of music of the Notre Dame school , during the ars antiqua , in which it was found in sacred vocal music. In the 14th century, the device was most often found in secular vocal music. image displayed wider than 400px for clarity Image Hocket.png thumb center 550px Example of hocket In seculum d Amiens longum , French, late 13th century. Observe the quick alternation of sung notes and rests between the upper two voices. While this example is textless, the hocket was usually done on a vowel sound. The term originated in reference to medieval French motet s, but the technique remains in common use in contemporary music Louis Andriessen s Hoketus , popular music funk , stereo panning , the work of Robert Fripp and Adrian Belew in King Crimson , Music of Indonesia Indonesian gamelan music interlocking patterns shared between two musical instrument instruments called imbal in Java island Java and Kotekan in Bali , Andean music Andean siku panpipe music two pipe sets sharing the full number of pitches between them , handbell music tunes being distributed between two or more players , Rara street processions in Haiti , as well as in the Gaga in the Dominican Republic and many African cultures such as the Ba Benz l featured on Herbie Hancock s Watermelon Man composition Watermelon Man , see Pygmy music , Mbuti , Basarwa Khoisan , the Gumuz tribe from the Blue Nile Province Sudan , and Gogo culture Gogo Tanzania . It is also evident in drum and bugle corps drumline music, colloquially known as split parts or simply splits . The group Dirty Projector ... more details
Image Epulu River Ituri.jpg thumb View of Epulu River in the Ituri area. Image In Darkest Africa forest clearing.jpg thumb Engraving of Stanley s expedition crossing a clearing in the forest, from his book In Darkest Africa , 1890 Image R gion Ituri R publique d mocratique du Congo.png left 190px thumb Map of Ituri within the Democratic Republic of Congo DRC The Ituri Rainforest is a rainforest located in the Ituri region of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo formerly called Zaire. The forest s name derives from the nearby Ituri River which flows through the rainforest, connecting firstly to the Aruwimi River and finally into the Congo. Geography The Ituri Rainforest is about 63,000 square kilometres in area, and is located between 0 and 3 N and 27 and 30 E. Elevation in the Ituri ranges from about 700 m to 1000 m. The average temperature is 31 C 88 F and the average humidity is about 85 Wilkie 1987 . ref name Wilkie Wilkie, David. S. 1987. Impact of Swidden Agriculture and Subsistence Hunting on Diversity and Abundance of Exploited Fauna in the Ituri Forest of Northeastern Zaire. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Massachusetts. ref About one fifth of the rainforest is made up of the Okapi Wildlife Reserve , a World Heritage Site . It is also the home of the Mbuti pygmy pygmies , one of the hunter gatherer peoples living in equatorial rainforests characterised by their short height below one and a half metres, or 59 inches, on average . They were the subject of a study by Colin Turnbull , The Forest People , in 1962. The Ituri Rainforest was first traversed by Europeans in 1887 by Henry Morton Stanley on his Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . References Reflist External links http www.bonoboincongo.com Blog by Biologists working on conservation in the Ituri forest http osfac.umd.edu Osfac http www.worldwildlife.org wildworld profiles terrestrial at at0124 full.html Northeastern Congolian lowland forests W ... more details
BLP sources date January 2009 Infobox person name Oliver Steeds image OllySteeds.jpg imagesize 230px alt caption Steeds in the forest of West Papua region West Papua . birth name Oliver Graham Steeds birth date birth year and age 1975 Birth date YYYY MM DD birth place Burghfield , Berkshire , England , United Kingdom death date Death date and age YYYY MM DD YYYY MM DD death date then birth date death place nationality English other names Olly known for Television presenter occupation Explorer and journalist spouse website http www.oliversteeds.com oliversteeds.com Oliver Olly Steeds born in 1975 in London Dubious date June 2011 is a British explorer and journalist who has travelled and worked in more than 100 countries. He is Director of Digital Explorer, an educational organisation that brings the world to the classroom . 2011 Digital Explorer launched the Oceans Academy. Career Steeds received his education at Radley College , Newcastle University and the People s University, Beijing. Oliver has reported for Channel 4 s Unreported World and Dispatches, Al Jazeera s People & Power, Witness and Earthrise, ABC News and Nightline and has won critical acclaim for his work Finalist for Livingstone Awards for Young Journalists, Finalist for Asian TV Awards and Rory Peck Impact Awards. His work has also been nominated for Emmy s and Overseas Press Award. Oliver reports extensively on the rights of tribal and indigenous peoples including Australia s Aboriginal people, the Saami, the San, the Tuareg, the Maasai, the Samburu, the Mbuti, the nomadic peoples of Mongolia, the Tsaatan, the Bai and Naxi amongst others. Oliver has been featured on the Travel Channel s Living With the Mek The Adventures of Mark and Olly . The Mek are an indigenous tribe of West Papua region West Papua , New Guinea . Living with the Mek is the second season of the show. Mark and Olly have also done Living with the Kombai in 2006. As of 2010, Steeds is the host of the Discovery Channel s series Solvi ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
