Unreferenced date September 2009 Infobox Vein Name Mediancubitalvein Latin vena mediana cubiti GraySubject 172 GrayPage 661 Image Gray574.png Caption Superficial vein s of the upper limb. The mediancubitalvein is labelled in latin Vena mediana cubiti . DrainsFrom Source cephalic vein DrainsTo basilic vein Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12850967 In human anatomy , the mediancubitalvein or median basilic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb . It connects the basilic vein basilic and cephalic vein cephalic vein and is often used for venipuncture taking blood . It lies in the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis . There exists a fair amount of variation of the mediancubitalvein. More commonly the vein forms an H pattern with the cephalic and basilic veins making up the sides. Other forms include an M pattern, where the vein branches to the cephalic and basilic veins. References reflist External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 07 st 07 03 SUNYRadiology UpperLimb 18VenoFo Veins of the upper extremity Category Veins of the upper limb circulatory stub gl Vea mediana cubital pl y a po rodkowa okcia pt Veia cubital mediana th ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Median antebrachial vein Latin vena mediana antebrachii GraySubject 172 GrayPage 662 Image Gray574.png Caption Superficial vein s of the upper limb. Median antebrachial vein spelled with an i labeled at bottom right. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom Source palmar venous plexus DrainsTo basilic vein , mediancubitalvein Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12850943 The median antebrachial vein drains the venous plexus on the volar surface of the hand . It ascends on the ulnar side of the front of the forearm and ends in the basilic vein or in the vena mediana cubiti in a small proportion of cases it divides into two branches, one of which joins the basilic, the other the cephalic, below the Elbow joint elbow . Gray s Veins of the upper extremity circulatory stub Category Veins of the upper limb gl Vea mediana antebraquial pl y a po rodkowa przedramienia pt Veia antebraquial mediana ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin vena sacralis mediana GraySubject 173 GrayPage 677 Image Gray586.png Caption The iliac veins. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom DrainsTo Artery Median sacral artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12851660 The median sacral vein or middle sacral veins accompanies the corresponding artery along the front of the sacrum , and joins to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac vein sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac vein s. External links eMedicineDictionary median sacral vein Gray s circulatory stub Veins of the torso Category Veins of the torso ar pt Veia sacral mediana ... more details
Cubital relates to the cubit or ulna and may refer to Cubital fossa , the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow joint of the arm Cubital index , the ratio of two of the wing vein segments of honeybees Cubital tunnel , channel which allows the Ulnar nerve commonly known as the funny bone to travel over the elbow Mediancubitalvein , superficial vein of the upper limb disambiguation ... more details
superficial boundary roof skin, superficial fascia containing the mediancubitalvein, the lateral ... lesson4cubitalfossa ref considered part of the cubital fossa. The biceps brachii tendon The brachial artery . The artery usually bifurcates near the apex inferior part of the cubital fossa into the radial artery superficial and ulnar artery deeper The median nerve The ulnar nerve is also in the area, but is not in the cubital fossa it occupies a groove on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the humerus . Several veins are also in the area for example, the mediancubitalvein , cephalic vein , and basilic vein but these are usually considered superficial to the cubital fossa ..., and nerves. See also Cubital tunnel Mediancubitalvein Peripherally inserted central catheter ... measurements , the stethoscope is placed over the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. The artery usually runs medial to the bicepital tendon. The brachial pulse may be palpated in the cubital fossa also just medial to the tendon. The area just superficial to the cubital fossa is often used for Vein ...Infobox Anatomy Name Cubital fossa Latin fossa cubitalis GraySubject GrayPage Image Nerves of the left upper extremity.gif Caption Ulnar and radial arteries. Deep view. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 14 DorlandsSuf 12375853 The cubital fossa or elbow pit ref ... humananatomy part 2 chapter 9.html chpt 9 cubital fossa title Chapter 9 THE ARM AND ELBOW accessdate ... brachii deep boundary floor brachialis and supinator muscles Contents The cubital fossa contains four main vertical structures from lateral to medial The radial nerve is in the vicinity of the cubital ... letting was practiced, the bicipital aponeurosis the ceiling of the cubital fossa was known as the grace ... artery and the median nerve . Additional images gallery width 150 height 150 lines 4 File Gray528.png ... Category Upper limb anatomy es Fosa del codo gl Foxa do c bado pl D okciowy pt Fossa cubital ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Cubital index is the ratio of two of the wing vein segments of honeybee s. The cubital index is used in morphology biology morphology , the study of form and structure, one way to differentiate species and sub species of living organisms. The pattern of the veins of the fore wings is specific for each breed of bees. The cubital index is consistent for a given race of bee. It can be used to distinguish between similar populations of honeybees and to determine degrees of Hybrid biology hybridization . File Cubitalindex.svg thumb Cubital index Procedure To obtain reliable average results, at least 100 bee fore wings have to be analyzed. Measurements are taken under a dissecting microscope with a magnification of 10x to 20x. See also Beekeeping Western honeybee DEFAULTSORT Cubital Index Category Comparative anatomy Category Beekeeping Bee stub ... more details
External links http www.neurosurgery.ufl.edu patients cubital tunnel syndrome.shtml Image at University of Florida http www.cubital tunnel.com Cubital Tunnel Support Forums Category Upper limb anatomy neuroanatomy stub musculoskeletal stub Upper limb general gl T nel cubital ... more details
About the statistical concept In statistics and probability theory , median is described as the numerical ... distribution , from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging ... number of observations, then there is no single middle value the median is then usually defined ... urlname StatisticalMedian title Statistical Median ref ref http www.stat.psu.edu old resources ClassNotes ... of the sample whose value is identical to the median in the case of an even sample size , and, if there is such a member, there may be more than one so that the median may not uniquely identify a sample member. Nonetheless, the value of the median is uniquely determined with the usual definition ... . At most, half the population have values less than the median , and, at most, half have values greater than the median. If both groups contain less than half the population, then some of the population is exactly equal to the median. For example, if a b c , then the median ... , then the median of the list a , b , c , d is the mean of b and c i.e., it is b c 2. The median can be used as a measure of location parameter location when a distribution ... to outlier s, e.g., because they may be measurement errors. Notation Some authors represent the median ..., widely accepted standard notation for the median, so the use of a symbol such as math tilde x math or math mu 1 2 x , math must be explicitly defined as the median in every article or book where it might be used. ref name StatisticalMedian Measures of statistical dispersion When the median is used ... the Range statistics range , the interquartile range , the mean absolute deviation , and the median absolute deviation . Since the median is the same as the second quartile , its calculation is illustrated ... probability distribution, a median is by definition any real number m that satisfies the inequalities ... continuous probability distribution with probability density function , the median satisfies ... more details
other uses No footnotes date June 2008 Infobox Anatomy Name Vein Latin vena GraySubject GrayPage Image ... nuts Artery Vein ya Nerve vagney Lymph MeshName MeshNumber In the circulatory system , veins from ... deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart exceptions are the pulmonary vein pulmonary and umbilical vein s, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Veins differ from artery arteries ... section of a vein showing a valve that prevents backflow In general, veins function to return deoxygenated ... are not filled with blood. The thick outermost layer of a vein is made of connective tissue , called ... species. Notable veins and vein systems The great saphenous vein is the most important superficial vein of the lower limb. First described by the Persia n physician Avicenna , this vein derives its name from the word safina , meaning hidden . This vein is hidden in its own fascial compartment in the thigh and exits the fascia only near the knee. Incompetence of this vein is an important cause of varicose veins of lower limbs. The pulmonary vein s carry relatively oxygenated blood from the lungs ... include the hepatic portal vein and hypophyseal portal system The Thebesian vein s within ... jugular vein. Color Vein color is determined in large part by the color of venous blood , which ... the highly energetic blue wavelengths to penetrate through to the dark vein and reflect back to the viewer ... circulation the pulmonary vein s return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium , which ... between capillary beds. For example, the hepatic portal vein takes blood from the capillary beds ... vein can be dangerous. Blood clotting in the hepatic portal vein can cause portal hypertension ..., pulmonary vs. systemic, and large vs. small. Superficial veins Superficial vein s are those whose course is close to the surface of the body, and have no corresponding arteries. Deep veins Deep vein ... vein s are a set of veins that deliver oxygenated blood from the lung s to the heart. Systemic ... more details
Gray573.png The veins on the dorsum of the hand. File Basilic Vein.jpg Basilic vein on the forearm of a muscular adult male. gallery See also Cephalic veinMediancubitalvein External links SUNYAnatomyLabs ...Infobox Vein Name Basilic vein Latin GraySubject 172 GrayPage 662 Image Gray576.png Caption The veins of the right axilla , viewed from in front. Image2 Gray574.png Caption2 Superficial vein s of the upper limb. DrainsFrom Source dorsal venous network of hand DrainsTo axillary vein Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12849612 In human anatomy , the basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of hand and forearm . It originates on the medial ulnar side of the dorsal venous network of the hand , and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa , in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein , via the mediancubitalvein . The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper the part between the shoulder and elbow , the basilic vein typically goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein . Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture . Additional images gallery Image Gray413 color.png Cross section through the middle of upper arm. Image Gray417 color.PNG ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Superficial vein Latin vena superficialis GraySubject 164 GrayPage 641 Image GnarlyUdderVeins4589.JPG Caption Superficial veins of the udder of a dairy cow. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom DrainsTo Artery MeshName MeshNumber Superficial vein is a term used to describe a vein that is close to the surface of the body. It is used to differentiate veins that are close to the surface from veins that are far from the surface, known as deep vein s. Superficial veins are not paired with an artery, unlike the deep veins, which typically have an artery with the same name close by. Superficial veins are important physiology physiologically for cooling of the body . When the body is too hot the body shunts blood from the deep vein s to the superficial veins, to facilitate heat transfer to the surroundings. Superficial veins can be seen under the skin. Those below the level of the heart tend to bulge out. An immediate way to see this by looking at your hand raise it above your heart and the blood should drain lower it below your heart it will fill. Veins become more visually prominent when lifting heavy weight, especially after a period of proper strength training . Physiologically, the superficial veins are not as important as the deep veins as they carry less blood and are sometimes removed in a procedure called vein stripping , which is used to treat varicose vein s. Some named superficial veins external jugular vein Upper limb cephalic vein glides along the biceps the signature vein of bodybuilders mediancubitalvein often used to draw blood venipuncture . basilic vein usually the largest vein in the arm often used for dialysis access Lower limb small saphenous vein great saphenous vein often harvested for coronary artery bypass surgery See also Varicose vein s Deep vein s External links http education.yahoo.com reference gray subjects subject?id 173 The Veins of the Lower ... 002952.htm Varicose vein therapy medlineplus.org Arteries and veins Category Veins it Vena superficiale ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Cephalic veins Latin vena cephalica GraySubject 172 GrayPage 661 Image Gray574.png Caption Superficial vein s of the upper limb. Image2 Gray413 color.png Caption2 Cross section through the middle of upper arm. Cephalic vein labeled at upper left. DrainsFrom Source dorsal venous network of hand DrainsTo axillary vein , mediancubitalvein Artery deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12849786 In human anatomy , the cephalic vein or antecubital vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb . It communicates with the basilic vein via the mediancubitalvein at the Elbow joint elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle . Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid muscle deltoid and pectoralis major muscle pectoralis major muscle s deltopectoral groove and through the deltopectoral triangle , where it empties into the axillary vein . The cephalic vein is often visible through the skin , and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for venous access. Artificial cardiac pacemaker Permanent pacemaker leads are often placed in the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove. The vein may be used for intravenous therapy intravenous access , and is sometimes referred to as the House man s Friend because a large bore cannula may be easily placed. Etymology Ordinarily the term cephalic refers to anatomy of the head. When Persian physician Ibn S n s The Canon of Medicine Canon was translated into medieval Latin , cephalic was mistakenly chosen to render the Arabic term al k fal , meaning outer . ref cite book last Diab first Mohammad title Lexicon of orthopaedic etymology year 1999 publisher Taylor & Francis isbn 9057025973, 9789057025976 pages 54 ref ref cite web last Swenson first Rand title Etymology of shoulder and arm terms url http www.dartmouth.edu humananatomy resources etymology ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name median nerve Latin nervus medianus GraySubject 210 GrayPage 938 Image Nerves of the left ... extremity , amongst others the median nerve Image2 Caption2 Innervates Anterior compartment ... BranchFrom Lateral cord and Medial cord BranchTo MeshName Median Nerve MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12566162 The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals. It is in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus . The median nerve ... from C5, C6, C7, C8, & T1. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel . Carpal tunnel syndrome is the disability that results from the median nerve being pressed in the carpal tunnel. Course Course in the upper arm and cubital fossa After receiving inputs from both the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus , the median nerve courses with brachial artery ... anteriorly to run medial to the artery in the distal arm and into the cubital fossa . Inside the cubital fossa the median nerve passes medial to the brachial artery , in front of the point of insertion of the brachialis muscle and deep to the biceps. The median nerve gives off an articular branch in the upper arm as it passes the elbow joint. Course and branches in the forearm The median nerve arises from the cubital fossa and passes between the two heads of pronator teres . It then travels ... flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis longus . The unbranched portion of the median nerve which arises from the cubital fossa innervates muscles of superficial and intermediate groups of the anterior compartment except flexor carpi ulnaris . The median nerve does give off two branches ... with its innervation of pronator quadratus . The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises ... of the palm but not the digits . Branches in the hand The median nerve enters the hand through ... digital branch of the median nerve which supply the a lateral radial three and a half digits on the palmar ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin planum medianum GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray1220.png Caption Surface lines of the front of the thorax and abdomen. Image2 Human anatomy planes.svg Caption2 Human anatomy planes. Median plane is a sagittal plane. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 22 DorlandsSuf 12644566 Unreferenced date February 2008 The median plane is a Midsagittal plane which bisects the body vertically through the navel , dividing the body exactly in left and right side. Sagittal plane is any plane parallel to the median plane. It is one of the lines used to define the Right upper quadrant abdomen right upper quadrant of the human abdomen . The midsternal line can be interpreted as a segment of the median plane. Anatomical planes Category Abdomen nl Mediaan anatomie ... more details
distinguish Medial eminence Infobox Brain Name Median eminence Latin eminentia mediana hypothalami GraySubject GrayPage Image HypothalamicNuclei.PNG Caption Median eminence is ME , at bottom center, in light green. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 385 MeshName Median eminence MeshNumber A08.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.249 NeuroLex Median eminence NeuroLexID birnlex 925 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The median eminence is part of the inferior boundary for the hypothalamus part of the human brain . A small swelling on the tuber cinereum posterior to the infundibulum atop the pituitary stalk the median eminence lies in the area roughly bounded on its posterolateral region by the cerebral peduncle s, and on its anterolateral region by the optic chiasm . The median eminence is one of the seven areas of the brain devoid of a blood brain barrier . It is sometimes considered one of the circumventricular organs . ref name pmid3651843 cite journal author Scott DE, Pepe GJ title The fetal baboon median eminence as a circumventricular organ I. Transmission electron microscopy journal Brain Res. Bull. volume 19 issue 1 pages 87 94 year 1987 month July pmid 3651843 doi 10.1016 0361 9230 87 90170 5 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii 0361 9230 87 90170 5 ref Physiology The median eminence is a part of the hypothalamus from which regulatory hormones are released. It is of great physiological importance, as it is integral to the hypophyseal portal system , which connects the hypothalamus with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland . Parvocellular neurons from the hypothalamus terminate in the median eminence of the hypothalamus. Specifically, it is in the median eminence that the secretions of the hypothalamus releasing and inhibiting regulatory hormones, known as hypophysiotropic hormones collect before entering the portal system. Such hypophysiotropic hormones include CRF corticotropin releasing factor , GnRH gonadotropin ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin apertura mediana ventriculi quarti GraySubject 187 GrayPage 798 Image Gray708.svg Caption Scheme of roof of fourth ventricle . The arrow is in the foramen of Magendie . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 638 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 51 DorlandsSuf 12144687 The median aperture medial aperture, Foramen of Magendie drains CSF from the fourth ventricle into the cisterna magna . The two lateral aperture s foramina of Luschka , one on the left and one on the right, are the primary routes for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid from the fourth ventricle into the cerebellopontine angle cistern . The foramen on axial images is posterior to the pons and anterior to the Caudal anatomical term caudal cerebellum . Eponym The Foramen of Magendie is named for Fran ois Magendie , who first described it. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2388 ref Addtional images gallery File Slide3qq.JPG Median aperture gallery References reflist Netter, Frank H. 1989 Atlas of Human Anatomy . Summit, NJ Ciba Geigy Corporation. Williams, Peter L. Warwick, Roger Dyson, Mary & Bannister, Lawrence H. 1989 Gray s Anatomy 37th ed. . New York Churchill Livingstone. External links RocheLexicon 13048.000 3 Fourth ventricle Category Central nervous system neuroscience stub it Foro di Magendie nl Apertura mediana ventriculi quarti pt Abertura mediana ro Orificiul Magendie vi L gi a ... more details
Median sulcus can refer to median sulcus of the tongue posterior median sulcus disambiguation disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
The term Median raphe can refer to one of two different anatomical structures The pharyngeal raphe The perineal raphe , also known as the median r. of perineum Disambig ... more details
Median cut is an sorting algorithm algorithm to sort data of an arbitrary number of dimensions into series of sets by cutting each set of data at the median point. Median cut is typically used for color quantization . For example, to reduce a 64k colour image to 256 colours, median cut is used to find 256 colours that match the original data well. This can be seen in the Perl Modular programming module Image Pngslimmer available on CPAN . See also k d tree External links http micro.magnet.fsu.edu primer java digitalimaging processing colorreduction index.html Image quantization http www.leptonica.com papers mediancut.pdf Median cut variations Category Sorting algorithms math stub de Median Cut ... more details
Wiktionarypar medianMedian has different meanings in different contexts Median , in statistics, a number that separates the lowest value half and the highest value half Median geometry , in geometry, a line joining a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side Geometric median , a point minimizing the sum of distances to a given set of points Central reservation Median road , the portion of a divided highway used to separate opposing traffic Median filter , a nonlinear digital filtering technique used to reduce noise in images Median language , the extinct language of the Medes people Median nerve , a nerve in humans and other animals located in the upper limb, one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus Medes Archaeological evidence Median triangle , an archaeological term referring to the area bounded by Hamad n, Mal yer and Kang var in Iran See also Medes , an ancient Iranian people who lived in Media, in the northwest of present day Iran Mediant , in music, the note halfway between the tonic and the dominant Mediant mathematics , a fraction created from the sums of the numerators and denominators of two other fractions disambig ast Mediana es Mediana eo Mediano fr M diane gl Mediana it Mediana nl Mediaan pt Mediana ru sq Mediana uk ... more details
In statistics , Mood s median test is a special case of Pearson s chi squared test . It is a nonparametric test that tests the null hypothesis that the median s of the Statistical population population s from which two Sampling statistics samples are drawn are identical. The data in each sample are assigned to two groups, one consisting of data whose values are higher than the median value in the two groups combined, and the other consisting of data whose values are at the median or below. A Pearson s chi squared test is then used to determine whether the observed frequencies in each group differ from expected frequencies derived from a Frequency distribution distribution combining the two groups. The test has low Statistical power power efficiency for moderate to large sample sizes, and is largely regarded as obsolete. The Wilcoxon&ndash Mann&ndash Whitney U two sample test should be considered instead. Siegel & Castellan 1988, p. 124 suggest that there is no alternative to the median test when one or more observations are off the scale. The relevant difference between the two tests is that the median test only considers the position of each observation relative to the overall median, whereas the Wilcoxon&ndash Mann&ndash Whitney test takes the ranks of each observation into account. Thus the latter test is usually the more powerful of the two. Spoken Wikipedia Median test.ogg 2006 01 20 See also Sign test a paired alternative to the median test. References Corder, G.W., Foreman, D.I. 2009 . Nonparametric Statistics for Non Statisticians A Step by Step Approach Wiley, ISBN 978 0 470 45461 9 Siegel, S., & Castellan, N. J. Jr. 1988, 2nd ed. . Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York McGraw&ndash Hill. Friedlin, B. & Gastwirth, J. L. 2000 . Should the median test be retired from general use? The American Statistician, 54 , 161&ndash 164. Category Statistical tests Category Non parametric statistics de Median Test es Prueba de la mediana it Test ... more details
The median artery is an artery that is occasionally found in humans and other animals. It is present in 8 of individuals. When present, it is found in the forearm , between the radial artery and ulnar artery . It runs with the median nerve and supplies the same structures as that nerve. It may be unilateral or bilateral. It passes deep to the Flexor retinaculum of the hand flexor retinaculum and may terminate at one or more of the palmar arches. In a deep wrist laceration, such as from a suicide attempt, the median artery may be incised, risking exsanguination. An individual who does not have a median artery appears to suffer no ill effects. Category Arteries of the upper limb es Arteria mediana ... more details
Image Median filter example.jpg thumb right 200px Example of 3 median filters of varying radii applied ... desirable to be able to perform some kind of noise reduction on an image or signal. The median filter ... for example, edge detection on an image . Median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing ... below . Algorithm description The main idea of the median filter is to run through the signal entry by entry, replacing each entry with the median of neighboring entries. The pattern of neighbors is called ... . Note that if the window has an odd number of entries, then the median is simple to define it is just ... of entries, there is more than one possible median, see median for more details. Worked 1D example ... entry, a median filter will be applied to the following simple 1D signal x 2 80 6 3 br So, the median filtered output signal y will be br y 1 Median 2 2 80 2 br y 2 Median 2 80 6 Median 2 6 80 6 br y 3 Median 80 6 3 Median 3 6 80 6 br y 4 Median 6 3 3 Median 3 3 6 3 br i.e. y 2 6 6 3 . Boundary issues .... 2D median filter pseudo code Code for a simple 2D median filter algorithm might look like this allocate ... Medianfilterp.png thumb Use of a median filter to improve an image severely corrupted by defective ... and time is spent on calculating the median of each window. Because the filter must process every entry in the signal, for large signals such as images, the efficiency of this median calculation is a critical ... above sorts every entry in the window to find the median, however since only the middle value in a list ..., and finding the median of a histogram is not particularly onerous. Edge preservation properties Median filtering is one kind of smoothing technique, as is Gaussian blur linear Gaussian filtering ... of images, for example. For small to moderate levels of Gaussian noise, the median filter is demonstrably ... size ref name ariascastro09 E. Arias Castro and D.L. Donoho, Does median filtering truly preserve ... Jersey, USA, 2005. ref . Because of this, median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing ... more details
Median sternotomy is a type of surgical procedure in which a vertical inline incision is made along the Human sternum sternum , after which the sternum itself is divided, or cracked . This procedure provides access to the heart and lungs for surgical procedures such as heart transplant , corrective surgery for congenital heart defect s CHD s , or coronary artery bypass surgery . Median sternotomy is often mistakenly referred to as open heart surgery however, open heart involves incision of the pericardium , and many Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery median sternotomy procedures do not require this. Open heart usually involves the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass , also known as a heart lung machine. Should this procedure be performed upon an individual more than once, each subsequent sternotomy may be referred to as a resternotomy . See also Sternal saw External links http www.youtube.com watch?v r7RsB0BA4EI Median Sternotomy procedure on youtube BR Cardiac surgery Category Surgical procedures de Sternotomie pl Sternotomia ru ... more details
In mathematics , a median algebra is a set with a ternary operation math langle x,y,z rangle math satisfying a set of axioms which generalise the notion of median or majority function , as a Boolean function . The axioms are math langle x,y,y rangle y math math langle x,y,z rangle langle z,x,y rangle math math langle x,y,z rangle langle x,z,y rangle math math langle langle x,w,y rangle ,w,z rangle langle x,w, langle y,w,z rangle rangle math The second and third axioms imply commutativity it is possible but not easy to show that in the presence of the other three, axiom 3 is redundant. The fourth axiom implies associativity. There are other possible axiom systems for example the two math langle x,y,y rangle y math math langle u,v, langle u,w,x rangle rangle langle u,x, langle w,u,v rangle rangle ... lattice , the median function math langle x,y,z rangle x vee y wedge y vee z wedge z vee x math satisfies these axioms, so that every Boolean algebra and every distributive lattice forms a median algebra. Birkhoff and Kiss showed that a median algebra with elements 0 and 1 satisfying < 0,x,1 > x is a distributive lattice . Relation to median graphs A median graph is an undirected graph ... x,y,z > defines a median algebra having the vertices of the graph as its elements. Conversely, in any median algebra, one may define an interval x , z to be the set of elements y such that < x,y,z > y . One may define a graph from a median algebra by creating a vertex for each algebra element ... has the property that every interval is finite, then this graph is a median graph, and it accurately represents the algebra in that the median operation defined by shortest paths on the graph coincides with the algebra s original median operation. References cite journal last Birkhoff first Garrett ... John R. Isbell title Median algebra journal Transactions of the American Mathematical Society ... Upper Saddle River, NJ External links http www.cs.unm.edu veroff MEDIAN ALGEBRA Median Algebra ... more details
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