Unreferenced date November 2006 Orphan date October 2008 A mediatedVPN is a virtual private network ing topology whereby participants connect to a central switchboard server managed typically by a third party in order to create a virtual private network between them, as distinct from a typical VPN arrangement whereby clients of an organisation connect to a VPN concentrator managed by the same organization. Typically a switchboard server referred to as a mediator will manage several VPNs, identifying each individually by authentication credentials such as username, network name and passwords . The mediator s role is to assign IP address es to each participant in a VPN, and to encrypt data through the switchboard server in order to keep it secure from other participants in other VPNs. DEFAULTSORT MediatedVpn Category Network architecture Telecomm stub ... more details
otheruses Mediation disambiguation Mediated How the Media Shapes Your World and the Way You Live in It is a non fiction book by anthropologist Thomas de Zengotita published in 2005 by Bloomsbury Publishing Bloomsbury about the effect of the media in the Western world . Summary Essentially, Mediated aims at creating awareness rather than offering ready made solutions to remedy the intrusion of too much media in our industrial societies. Rather than writing yet another pamphlet against the media, the author chooses to focus on the mechanisms and the processes of our mediated society. The basis of his analysis is that the opposite of reality is not phony or superficial, it s optional. We choose between options to determine who we are, to make statements to the world about who we are. People, he argues, have always done so, but the difference with today s situation is that we have a lot more options. In terms of options, comparing the modern world with the post modern world is like comparing a breeze with a hurricane. The media forces at work since the fifties have contributed to expanding our options greatly, making the self aware of the possibilities to be who it deems worth being. We have become method actors, constantly flattered. Deception is luring as it is the inherent condition of the flattered self . So we seek new ways of satisfying our selves. These are the true forces at work behind what de Zengotita calls the virtual revolution . Reviews With Mediated , Thomas de Zengotita received critical acclaim outside his field of study. The Washington Post called it A fine roar of a lecture about how the American mind is shaped by too much media . ref cite news author Shelby ... stated Reading ... Mediated is like spending time with a wild, wired friend, the kind who keeps ... http www.mediatedtdez.com Official Mediated website ref Notes reflist External links http www.mediatedtdez.com ... article continue Review of Mediated by Peter Preston of The Guardian http dir.salon.com ... more details
VPN may refer to VPN, IATA code for Vopnafj r ur Airport , Iceland Vietnam People s Navy Virtual private network Public Against Violence Slovak Verejnos proti n siliu Disambiguation ca VPN cs VPN de VPN et VPN es VPN desambiguaci n fr VPN is VPN it VPN sk VPN sv VPN ... more details
primary sources date September 2011 Infobox Software name UT VPN logo screenshot caption Universitu of Tsukuba ... 2010 6 28 ref http utvpn.tsukuba.ac.jp ja download UT VPN Download ref frequently updated operating system All UNIX Operating systems and Windows UT VPN Server , Windows and Linux UT VPN Client platform Cross platform language Japanese genre virtual private network VPN license GNU General Public ... Virtual Private Network , UT VPN is a free and open source software application that implements virtual private network VPN techniques for creating secure point to point or site to site connections ... under the GNU General Public License GPL by University of Tsukuba . UT VPN has compatible as PacketiX VPN product ref PacketiX VPN 2.0 Build 5280 or later ref of SoftEther Corporation. UT VPN developed based on PacketiX VPN, but some functions was deleted. For example, the RADIUS client is supported by PacketiX VPN Server, but it is not supported by UT VPN Server. Architecture Encryption UT VPN uses the OpenSSL library to provide encryption to packets. Authentication UT VPN offers username password based authentication. Networking UT VPN is software to consist of UT VPN Server and UT VPN Client. UT VPN functions as L2 VPN over SSL TLS . UT VPN Client Virtual NIC virtual network interface card is installed in OS how UT VPN Client was installed in. Virtual NIC is recognized as physical NIC by OS. UT VPN does encapsulation to TCP or SSL TLS packets from L2 frames by Virtual NIC. UT VPN Client connects with UT VPN Server. If authorization with UT VPN Server succeeded, UT VPN Client establishes connection with Virtual HUB. UT VPN Server UT VPN Server have some Virtual HUB , and they function as virtual L2 switch. Virtual HUB does handle frames which received from UT VPN Client. If necessary, UT VPN Server forwards encapuslated L2 frames to UT VPN Client. Virtual HUB on UT VPN Server has function cascading connection for Virtual HUB on other UT VPN Server. Site to site connection ... more details
unreferenced date May 2010 A VoIP VPN combines voice over IP and virtual private network technologies to offer a method for delivering secure voice . Because VoIP transmits digitized voice as a stream of data, the VoIP VPN solution accomplishes voice encryption quite simply, applying standard data encryption mechanisms inherently available in the collection of protocols used to implement a Virtual private network VPN . The VoIP gateway router first converts the analog voice signal to digital form, encapsulates the digitized voice within Internet Protocol IP packets, then encrypts the digitized voice using IPsec , and finally routes the encrypted voice packets securely through a VPN tunnel. At the remote site, another VoIP router decodes the voice and converts the digital voice to an analog signal for delivery to the phone. A VoIP VPN can also run within an IP in IP tunnel or using SSL based OpenVPN . There is no encryption in former case, but traffic overhead is significantly lower in comparison with IPsec tunnel. The advantage of OpenVPN tunneling is that it can run on a dynamic IP and may provide up to 512 bits SSL encryption. Advantages Security is not the only reason to pass Voice over IP through a virtual private network , however. Session Initiation Protocol , a commonly used ... random port numbers to establish connections. A VPN is also a workaround to avoid a firewall issue ... for VoIP calls, thus making the VoIP over VPN protocols too fat to be used over a mobile data connections like GPRS, EDGE or UMTS. Although VoIP over VPN is not as usable in mobile environments ... VoIP PBX interconnections over a VPN connection. New solutions The recent publication of new VoIP ... SRTP , allow the VoIP client to run without the VPN overhead, integrating with standard features of VoIP PBX without having to manage both the VPN gateway and the PBX. That s right, no VPN overhead. Free implementation VoIP VPN solution may be accomplished with free open source software by using ... more details
Multiple issues wikify February 2012 refimprove August 2008 pov check February 2009 MPLS VPN is a family of methods for harnessing the power of multiprotocol label switching MPLS to create virtual private network s VPNs . MPLS VPNs give network engineers the flexibility to transport and route several types of network traffic using the technologies of a MPLS backbone. There are three types of MPLS VPNs deployed in networks today ref name test http www.westmonroepartners.com media Files White 20Papers Smart 20Grid 20Network 20MPLS 20Design 20Approach West 20Monroe 20Partners.ashx MPLS Design Approach ref Point to point Pseudowire Layer 2 VPLS Layer 3 VPRN Point to point pseudowire Point to point MPLS VPNs employ VLLs virtual leased lines for providing Layer2 point to point connectivity between two sites. Ethernet, TDM, and ATM frames can be encapsulated within these VLLs. Some examples of how point to point VPNs might be used by utilities include encapsulating TDM T1 circuits attached to RTUs or forwarding non routed DNP3 traffic across the backbone network to the SCADA master controller. Layer 2 VPN VPLS Layer 2 L2 , or VPLS virtual private LAN service , offers a switch in the cloud style VPLS service. VPLS provides the ability to span VLANs between sites. L2 VPNs are typically used to route voice, video, and AMI traffic between substation and data center locations. Layer 3 VPN VPRN Layer 3 L3, or VPRN virtual private routed network , utilizes layer 3 VRF VPN virtual routing and forwarding to segment routing tables for each customer utilizing the service. The customer peers with the service provider router and the two exchange routes, which are placed into a routing table specific to the customer. Multiprotocol BGP MP BGP is required in the cloud to utilize the service, which increases complexity of design and implementation. L3 VPNs are typically not deployed on utility networks due to their complexity however, a L3 VPN could be used to route traffic between corporate ... more details
12 15 . Retrieved on 2008 09 23. ref Hamachi is a related zero configuration VPN, which uses a different ... securityarchitecture.asp LogMeIn Hamachi Security Architecture . ref The leafnetworks VPN also supports ... Website VPN DEFAULTSORT Social Vpn Category Free network related software ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Mediated transport refers to transport mediated by a membrane transport protein . There are three types of mediated transport uniport , symport , and antiport . Types Facilitated diffusion Active transport DEFAULTSORT Mediated Transport Category Transport phenomena Category Transport proteins Biochem stub http media.wiley.com product data excerpt 57 04712149 0471214957 2.pdf ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Mediated deliberation is a form of deliberation that is achieved through the News media media which acts as a mediator between the mass public and elected officials. The communication professionals of the media relay information, values, and diverse points of view to the public in order for effective public deliberation to occur. ref name John Gastil Gastil, John. Political Communication and Deliberation. Los Angeles Sage Publications, 2008. 43 76. ref Benjamin Page proposes mediated deliberation be a division of labor with the idea of using the media to deliver information between the elected officials and the public because modern problems make it impossible to rely on the elected officials to deliberate for the public. The role of the media is to encourage discussion amongst the citizens to keep them engaged with their elected officials. ref name Benjamin Page ... Press ref Ideal form Mediated deliberation follows the conception of a deliberative democracy . According ... without the professionals of the media system and the various elites who produce mediated political communication. ref name John Gastil This ideal mediated deliberation would blockquote to mobilize ... model, mediated deliberation should promote public knowledge on important issues as well as encouraging public opinion through enlightenment. To achieve an effective mediated deliberation, it requires ... in order for the ideal, mediated deliberation to occur. In the analytic process, it involves introspection ... violate your trust The analytic and social processes for mediated deliberation gives people the opportunity to evaluate the actions of media producers as well as their users. Assessing mediated deliberation ... that they want to make. Movement shift toward mediated deliberation Civic public journalism Civic journalism ... Hendriks Investigative journalism One of the best sources to see an example of a mediated deliberation ... are valid, investigative journalism can improve mediated deliberation by serving as an objective, unbiased ... more details
class infobox style width 25em font size 95 colspan 2 bgcolor 0E48AF align center colspan 2 style font size larger font color white VPN Routers font align center colspan 2 Image VPN Routers.JPG 300px center VPN Routers colspan 2 bgcolor 0E48AF font color white VPN Router 5000 font style vertical align top Rack Space 3 Rack Unit Height 5.25 in. 13.3 cm Width 17.25 in. 43.8 cm Depth 23.0 in. 58.4 cm Weight 43 lb 19.5 kg Rack mountable Yes, 19 inch standard rack Avaya VPN Router or VPN Router is a device in computer networking made by Nortel now Avaya formally called the Contivity VPN Router. The Virtual private network VPN Router is capable of providing security and connectivity at several levels. The systems can be deployed to provide dedicated encrypted VPN gateways, stateful firewall protection, or perform as IP access routers connection. VPN Router Scaling VPN Router 200 5 concurrent tunnels for remote office connections VPN Router 600 50 concurrent tunnels VPN Router 1000 30 concurrent Tunnels VPN Router 1750 500 concurrent tunnels VPN Router 2700 2000 concurrent tunnels VPN Router 5000 5000 concurrent tunnels See also Avaya Nortel References reflist External links Avaya Category Avaya Category Nortel products V Category Computer network security Category Nortel Compu network stub ... more details
Infobox software name Cisco Systems VPN Client logo screenshot Image vpngui.png 290px caption Cisco VPN Client on Windows 7 . developer Cisco Systems released frequently updated programming language latest release version Windows 5.0.07.0440 ref name r5 http www.cisco.com web software 282364316 47352 5.0.07.0440 rel notes.txt VPN Client release notes ref release date 2011 3 15 Mac OS X 4.9.01.0180 ...&os Mac 20OS Cisco VPN Client v4.x Mac OS ref release date 2009 02 05 latest release date For the sake ... products sw secursw ps2308 title VPN Client Homepage ref language English genre Virtual private network VPN software license Proprietary software Proprietary size x86 7.63 MB x64 4.78 MB website http ... VPN Client enables computers to connect to a virtual private network . The client makes remote ... file s , which contain all the necessary information to easily connect to a network. Cisco VPN .... Compatibility VPN Client 4.9.01.0230 Beta added support for Mac OS X 10.6. ref http www.cisco.com web software 282364316 35919 4.9.1.0230 beta rel notes.txt Release Notes for VPN Client, Release ... US docs security vpn client cisco vpn client vpn client49 release notes 49client.pdf Release Notes for VPN Client, Release 4.9.00.0050 for Mac OS X, Revised May 21, 2010, OL 11179 04 ref VPN Client 5.0.07.0290 ... en US docs security vpn client cisco vpn client vpn client5007 release notes vpnclient5007.html wp84047 Release Notes for Cisco VPN Client, Release 5.0.07.0290 ref Security The client uses profile files .pcf that store VPN passwords either Cryptographic hash function hashed with type 7 , or stored as cleartext ... public 707 cisco sn 20040415 grppass.shtml title Cisco Security Notice Cisco IPsec VPN Implementation ... Systems VPN Client Group Password Decoder ref To work around these issues, network administrators are advised ... to other important network passwords . ref name cSec References Reflist VPN Category Computer network security Category Tunneling protocols fr Cisco VPN Client ... more details
IP VPN Lite is a product from Nortel now acquired by Avaya that provides the ability to run Internet Protocol IP Virtual private network s using Border Gateway Protocol Multiprotocol BGP MP BGP extensions based on RFC 4364 across a normal IP backbone infrastructure. Unlike Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS based VPNs, IP VPN Lite is purely based on an end to end IP transport. While still leveraging the RFC 4364 framework at the control plane level, IP VPN Lite delivers the same IP VPN capabilities over a IP routed backbone using simple IP in IP encapsulation. IP VPN Lite differs from RFC 4364 MP IBGP control plane by using a service IP address instead of a MPLS service label. The service IP address identifies a VRF Disambiguation needed date June 2011 on a per node basis and is used to carry the VPN traffic across the backbone as part of the outer IP header of the IP in IP encapsulation. ref cite web url http www.avaya.com usa resource assets factsheet ers8800 dn4504.pdf title Avaya Ethernet Routing Switch 8800 ref page 5,6 publisher Avaya accessdate 1 April 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.commprod.com avaya products data ethernet routing switches virtual services platform 9000 title Avaya Virtual Services Platform 9000 publisher Communications Products, Inc. accessdate 1 April 2011 ref For end to end transport, the service IP addresses are used to identify the source and destination VRFs which form the VPN. Overall, IP VPN Lite provides support for the following Filtering support UNI side MP BGP extensions BGP route refresh BGP Route reflector route reflection Peering to multiple route reflectors Route reflection server NNI side Full mesh and hub and spoke designs Extended ..., IP, VRF, and VPN VRF UNI routing protocols Routing Information Protocol RIP , Open Shortest Path First OSPF , EBGP See also VPN References reflist External links Commons category Avaya http support.avaya.com ... dates date June 2011 DEFAULTSORT Ip Vpn Lite Category Virtual private networks Category Avaya ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 A Layer 2 MPLS VPN is a term in computer networking . It is a method that Internet service providers use to segregate their network for their customers, to allow them to transmit data over an IP network . This is often sold as a service to businesses. Layer 2 VPNs are a type of Virtual Private Network VPN that uses Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS labels to transport data. The communication occurs between Router computing routers that are known as Provider Edge routers PEs , as they sit on the edge of the provider s network, next to the customer s network. Internet providers who have an existing Layer 2 network such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM or Frame Relay may choose to use these VPNs instead of the other common MPLS VPN, Network Layer Layer 3 . There is no one IETF standard for Layer 2 MPLS VPNs. Instead, two methodologies may be used. Both methods use MPLS Headers to Encapsulation networking encapsulate data. However, they differ in the way they transport data. Types of Layer 2 MPLS VPNs BGP based The BGP based type is based on a draft specification by Kireeti Kompella , from Juniper Networks . It uses the Border Gateway Protocol BGP as the mechanism for PE routers to communicate with each other about their customer connections. Each router connects to a central cloud, using BGP. This means that when new customers are added usually to new routers , the existing routers will communicate with each other, via BGP, and automatically add the new customers to the service. LDP based The second type is based on a draft specification by Luca Martini from Cisco Systems . This method is also known as a Layer 2 circuit . It uses the Label Distribution Protocol LDP to communicate between PE routers. In this case, every router will connect to every other router in the VPN, which differs from the BGP based methodology. The LDP based L2 VPN also defined the auto discovery mechanism such as BGP DISC , Radius DISC for PE auto discovery. Methods ... more details
the mediated reality concept. First we display what s really there, and then this allows a computer ... 21 33 39.jpg thumb 200px Mediated Reality application running on Apple iPhone Computer mediated reality ... Wearable,Tetherless, Computer Mediated Reality , Technical Report 260, M.I.T. Medial Lab Perceptual ... s visual perception of the environment that is mediated. This is done through the use of some ... between the real world and what the user perceives. Computer mediated reality has been used to enhance visual perception as an aid to the http wearcomp.org mediated reality node5.html SECTION00022000000000000000 visually impaired . This example achieves a mediated reality by altering a video input ... Mediated Reality , Raphael Grasset, Jean Dominique Gascuel, and Dieter Schmalstieg, Proc. ISMAR 2003, IEEE ref The use of computer mediated reality to diminish perception, by the removal or masking ... 8823 here Window managers One common window manager in mediated reality is the Reality Window Manager ref http www.linuxjournal.com article 3265?page 0,1 Mediated Reality , by Steve Mann, Linux Journal, Article No5, Issue59, 1999march01, ISSN 1075 3583 ref Wireless mediated reality Bluetooth devices are often used with mediated reality ref http aimone.ca csidc2002.pdf Mediated Reality Bluetooth Device Locator by S Parikh et.al., IEEE CSIDC 2002 ref With wireless communications, mediated reality can also become a communications medium among different communities ref Mediated Reality Bites Comparing ... A Shared Mediated Reality Using EyeTap Devices and the VideoOrbits Gyroscopic Head Tracker , by Felix .... 267 ?? ref Applications Applications of mediated reality include devices that help people see better ..., and wayfinding. Mediated reality is also used in robotics ref http fora.tv 2008 08 08 Daniel Suarez Daemon Bot Mediated Reality Daniel Suarez Daemon Bot mediated Reality discussion of Mediated and Augmented ... A Loose and Sketchy Approach in a Mediated Reality Environment , by Haller, M., Landerl ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Immune mediated diseases are conditions which result from abnormal activity of the body s immune system. The immune system may over react for example, immune mediated contact dermatitis or start attacking the body for example, autoimmune hemolytic anemia . Autoimmune diseases are a subset of immune mediated diseases. See also Allergy List of autoimmune diseases DEFAULTSORT Immune Mediated Disease Category Immune system disorders Immunology stub ar fi Immuuniv litteinen sairaus ... more details
Mediated Discourse Analysis MDA coined by late Ron Scollon is a specialised form of Linguistics linguistic discourse analysis similar to Critical Discourse Analysis it mediates discourse , Agency sociology agency , and Praxis process practice into what Scollon calls a nexus of practice. The goal of MDA is to focus on discourse in action, as opposed to discourse as action, thus making discourse analysts responsible for applying discourse into various practical and useful contexts. See also Computer mediated communication Interactional sociolinguistics References cite book author Ronald Scollon title Mediated discourse the nexus of practice year 2001 publisher Routledge isbn 9780415248822 cite book author1 Ronald Scollon author2 Suzanne B. K. Scollon title Nexus analysis discourse and the emerging internet year 2004 publisher Routledge isbn 9780415320627 Jones, Rodney and Norris, Sigrid, eds. 2006 Discourse in Action Introducing Mediated Discourse Analysis . Abingdon, Oxon Routledge. ling stub Category Discourse analysis ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 unreferenced November 2008 Computer Mediated Environment CME is a term that refers to the creation of alternate reality through computer interface s. It was used by Hoffman and Novak 1998 and refined by Siddiqui and Turley 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 . Category Simulation software simulation software stub ... more details
Italic title File Journal of Computer Mediated Communication.jpg thumb right alt Journal of Computer Mediated Communication The Journal of Computer Mediated Communication is a quarterly Peer review peer reviewed academic journal that covers the interdisciplinary field of computer mediated communication . It was established in 1995 and is published by Wiley Blackwell on behalf of the International Communication Association . According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2010 impact factor is 1.958, ranking it 3rd out of 67 journals in the category Communication and 13th out of 76 journals in the category Information Science & Library Science . Editors The following persons have been editor in chief of the journal 2011 present Maria Bakardjieva University of Calgary 2008 2010 Kevin Wright University of Oklahoma 2005 2007 Susan Herring Indiana University 1994 2004 Margaret McLaughlin University of Southern California External links Official http jcmc.indiana.edu http www.wiley.com bw journal.asp?ref 1083 6101 Journal page at publisher s website http www.icahdq.org pubs jnlcomcomm.asp Journal page at association s website ISSN 1083 6101 academic journal stub Category Computer science journals Category Publications established in 1995 Category Wiley Blackwell academic journals Category Quarterly journals Category English language journals ... more details
An Immune mediated disease immune mediated inflammation of the joints of an animal caused by a dysfunction of the immune system , which attacks various components of the joint. This leads to variable degrees of synovitis , and typically occurs in multiple joints a polyarthritis . The condition is hereditary e.g. beagles , and caused by defects at multiple Gene locus gene loci . ref name Probs cite web url http clubs.akc.org NBC beagle health problems.htm title Beagle Health Problems publisher American Kennel Club accessdate 13 July 2007 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070712194422 http clubs.akc.org NBC beagle health problems.htm Bot retrieved archive archivedate 12 July 2007 ref References Reflist Category Dog diseases veterinary med stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Sperm mediated gene transfer , or SMGT, is a technique used to produce transgenic animal s. ref cite journal author Smith K, Spadafora C title Sperm mediated gene transfer applications and implications journal Bioessays volume 27 issue 5 pages 551 62 year 2005 month May pmid 15832378 doi 10.1002 bies.20211 ref Genetic material is introduced into sperm , which are used to fertilize Egg biology eggs . The embryo embryos are carried to term. The offspring may be transgenic, mosaic genetics mosaic , or neither. References reflist Category Genetic engineering molecular biology stub ... more details
expert subject Medicine date March 2012 An immune mediated inflammatory disease IMID is any of a group of conditions or diseases that lack a definitive etiology , but which are characterized by common inflammatory pathways leading to inflammation , and which may result from, or be triggered by, a dysregulation of the normal immune response . All IMIDs can cause end organ damage , and are associated with increased morbidity and or death mortality . Inflammation is an important and growing area of biomedical research and health care because inflammation mediates and is the primary driver of many medical disorders and autoimmune diseases , including ankylosing spondylitis , psoriasis , psoriatic arthritis , Behcet s disease , arthritis , inflammatory bowel disease IBD , autistic enterocolitis , and allergy , as well as many cardiovascular , neuromuscular , and infectious disease s. Some current research even suggests that aging is a consequence, in part, of inflammatory processes. Characterization IMID is characterized by immune disregulation , and one underlying manifestation of this immune disregulation is the inappropriate activation of inflammatory cytokines , such as Interleukin 12 IL 12 , Interleukin 6 IL 6 or TNF alpha , whose actions lead to pathological consequences. Bibliography Should be many here, expert attention needed Shurin, Michael R. and Yuri S. Smolkin editors . Immune Mediated Diseases From Theory to Therapy Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . Springer, 2007. References http www.idid.us idid.us immune mediated inflammatory diseases, inflammatory diseases of immune dysregulation Category Etiology Category Inflammations Category Immune system disorders ... more details
Other uses CMC disambiguation Computer mediated communication CMC is defined as any communicative transaction ... referred to those communications that occur via computer mediated formats e.g., instant messages ... messaging . ref Thurlow, C., Lengel, L. & Tomic, A. 2004 . Computer mediated communication ... relationships. ref Walther, J. B. 1996 . Computer mediated communication Impersonal, interpersonal ..., J. K. 1992 . Relational communication in computer mediated interaction. Human Communication ... synchronous computer mediated communication. Research on Language & Social Interaction, 32, 337 ... coherence in CMC. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 4 4 . http jcmc.indiana.edu vol4 issue4 herring.html ref ref Markman, K. M. 2006 . Computer mediated conversation The organization of talk ... is typically based on text based forms of CMC, and is sometimes referred to as computer mediated discourse analysis . ref Herring, S. C. 2004 . Computer mediated discourse analysis An approach ... become their own publisher . Characteristics Communication occurring within a computer mediated format ... of teacher discourse in computer mediated discussion. Journal of Educational Computing Research ... system The quality of computer mediated interactions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34 1 , 31 43. Bannan Ritland, B. 2002 . Computer mediated communication, elearning, and interactivity ... BFF Jill from Boob Tube to YouTube. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 14 4 , 1050 1079. Kalman, Y. M. and Rafaeli, S. 2007 05 23 . Modulating Synchronicity in Computer Mediated Communication ... . Individual students interpretations of their contribution to the computer mediated discussions. Journal ... discourse strategies in computer mediated discussions. Reading Research Quarterly, 39 2 , 134 160. Wu ... Learning Networks, 8 2 , 139 152. Computer mediated communication Category Computer mediated ... mediata dal computer he ja Computer Mediated Communication nl Computerondersteunde ... more details
Intracellular antibody mediated degradation IAMD is a neutralization mechanism of intracellular antibody mediated immunity whereby an effector protein, TRIM21 , directs antibody bound virus virions to the proteasome where they are degraded. As yet, it has only been observed to act against the adenovirus ref name pmid21045130 but is likely to also be effective against other non enveloped viruses. Mechanism of action File Protein TRIM21 PDB 2iwg.png thumb right X ray crystallography Biological macromolecular crystallography Crystallographic structure of two molecules of the C terminus C terminal PRYSPRY domain of TRIM21 top right and top left complexed with homodimeric IGHG1 Ig gamma 1 chain C region center . ref name pmid17400754 PDB 2IWG cite journal author James LC, Keeble AH, Khan Z, Rhodes DA, Trowsdale J title Structural basis for PRYSPRY mediated tripartite motif TRIM protein function journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 104 issue 15 pages 6200 5 year 2007 month April pmid 17400754 pmc 1851072 doi 10.1073 pnas.0609174104 url issn ref In IAMD, the neutralization of the pathogen follows a non cytotoxic mechanism. ref name pmid21045130 . That is, the infected cell is not attacked as in Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity , instead the virions are rapidly destroyed and the cell may be relieved of infection. Immunoglobulin G IgG binds specifically to the target antigen presented on the pathogen extracellularly The antibody bound pathogen infects a host cell In the cytosol , TRIM21 a protein of the Tripartite motif family binds with high affinity to IgG TRIM21 is conjugated with ubiquitin , which directs the complex to the proteasome Degradation by proteolysis of both the protein capsid and the antibody occurs, but not the TRIM21 protein Resistance to mutants There are a number of reasons why IAMD is so resistant to evasion by mutants through evolution ... . The proteasomal targeting is mediated by the autoubiquitination of TRIM21, there is no direct ... more details
Microcell Mediated Chromosome Transfer or MMCT is a technique used in cell biology and genetics to transfer a chromosome from a defined donor cell line into a recipient cell line. MMCT has been in use since the 1970s and has contributed to a multitude of discoveries including tumor , metastasis and telomerase suppressor gene s as well as information about epigenetics , x inactivation , mitochondrial function and aneuploidy ref Mamm Genome. 2003 Sep 14 9 583 92. Microcell mediated chromosome transfer MMCT small cells with huge potential. Doherty AM, Fisher EM. ref ref PLoS One. 2007 Feb 7 2 2 e199. Artificially introduced aneuploid chromosomes assume a conserved position in colon cancer cells. Sengupta K. et al. ref . MMCT follows the basic procedure where donor cells are induced to multinucleate their chromosomes. These nuclei are then forced through the cell membrane to create microcell s, which can be fused to a recipient cell line. ref Mamm Genome. 2003 Sep 14 9 583 92. Microcell mediated chromosome transfer MMCT small cells with huge potential. Doherty AM, Fisher EM. ref History MMCT was first developed in 1974 by T Ege, NR Ringertz and G Veomett by synthesizing the techniques used at the time to induce multinucleation in cells, nuclear removal and cell cell fusions. The next major step in MMCT came during the 1980s when new transfection techniques were utilized to introduce selectable marker s onto chromosomes thus making it possible to select for the introduction of specific chromosomes and more easily create defined Hybrid biology hybrid s ref Mamm Genome. 2003 Sep 14 9 583 92. Microcell mediated chromosome transfer MMCT small cells with huge potential. Doherty AM, Fisher EM. ref . Procedure Procedures for MMCT differ slightly but they all require the induction of multinucleation, enucleation nuclear removal , and Gene fusion fusion . Multinucleation is usually .... 2003 Sep 14 9 583 92. Microcell mediated chromosome transfer MMCT small cells with huge potential ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 Cell mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophage s, natural killer cell s NK , antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes , and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. Historically, the immune system was separated into two branches humoral immunity , for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor cell free bodily fluid or blood plasma serum and cellular immunity , for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells. CD4 cells or helper T cells provide protection against different pathogens. Cytotoxic T cells cause death by apoptosis without using cytokines, therefore in cell mediated immunity cytokines are not always present. Cellular immunity protects the body by activating antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte s that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens activating macrophages and natural killer cells, enabling them to destroy pathogens and stimulating cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses. Cell mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing virus infected cells, but also participates in defending against fungi , protozoan s, cancer s, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection . Blood Immune system Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Category Immune system ar ca Immunitat cel lular es Inmunidad celular fr Immunit cellulaire ko id Sistem kekebalan selular it Immunit cellulo mediata he ja pl Odpowied odporno ciowa kom rkowa ... more details
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