Multiple issues unreferenced September 2011 orphan February 2010 original research September 2011 for the necessity defense generally necessity The Penal Law of the State of New York combines excuse justification and necessity into a single article, Article 35. Defense of Justification comprises sections 35.05 through 35.30 of the Penal Law. The general provision relating to necessity, section 35.05, provides quote 35.05 Justification generally. Unless otherwise limited by the ensuing provisions of this article defining justifiable use of physical force, conduct which would otherwise constitute an offense is justifiable and not criminal when Such conduct is required or authorized by law or by a judicial decree, or is performed by a public servant in the reasonable exercise of his official powers, duties or functions or Such conduct is necessary as an emergency measure to avoid an imminent public or private injury which is about to occur by reason of a situation occasioned or developed through no fault of the actor, and which is of such gravity that, according to ordinary standards of intelligence and morality, the desirability and urgency of avoiding such injury clearly outweigh the desirability of avoiding the injury sought to be prevented by the statute defining the offense in issue. The necessity and justifiability of such conduct may not rest upon considerations pertaining only to the morality and advisability of the statute, either in its general application or with respect to its application to a particular class of cases arising thereunder. Whenever evidence relating to the defense of justification under this subdivision is offered by the defendant, the court shall rule as a matter of law whether the claimed facts and circumstances would, if established, constitute ... of justification in New York, as well as necessity s basic purpose to promote societal interests ... distinction between the defense of justification necessity under Article 35 and the law of citizen ... more details
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain is a philosophical pamphlet by Benjamin Franklin , published in London in 1725. It argues that an omnipotent, benevolent God is incompatible with notions of human free will and morality. The second portion of the pamphlet goes on to formulate that all motivations are derived from pain and that pain is met with an equal amount of pleasure. He then concludes that this means that man cannot be superior to animals because we are all equal in God s eyes. Franklin acknowledges how offensive this idea would be to the reader. The point of the pamphlet seems to be that Christian Calvinism , which Frank was raised with as a child, cannot logically be a moral way to live. External links http www.historycarper.com resources twobf1 m7.htm Free etext of A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain DEFAULTSORT Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, A Category 1725 books Category Pamphlets Category Philosophy of religion literature Category Ethics literature Category Works by Benjamin Franklin philo stub ... more details
The Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms was a document issued by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, to explain why the Thirteen Colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolutionary War . The final draft of the Declaration was written by John Dickinson delegate John Dickinson , who incorporated language from an earlier draft by Thomas Jefferson . Content Wikisource Declaration of the causes and necessities of taking up arms The Declaration describes what colonists viewed as the unconstitutional effort of the Parliament of Great Britain British Parliament to extend its jurisdiction into the colonies following the Seven Years War . Objectionable policies listed in the Declaration include taxation without representation , extended use of vice admiralty court s, the several Coercive Acts , and the Declaratory Act . The Declaration describes how the colonists had, for ten years, repeatedly petitioned for the redress of their grievances, only to have their pleas ignored or rejected by the British government. Even though British troops have been sent to enforce these unconstitutional acts, the Declaration insists that the colonists do not yet seek independence from the mother country. They have taken up arms in defence of the Freedom that is our Birthright and which we ever enjoyed until the late Violation of it , and will lay them down when Hostilities shall cease on the part of the Aggressors . Authorship In the 19th century, the authorship of the Declaration was disputed. In a collection of his works first published in 1801, John Dickinson took credit for writing the Declaration. This claim went unchallenged by Thomas Jefferson until many years later, when Jefferson was nearly 80 years old. In his autobiography, Jefferson .... Further reading Boyd, Julian P. The Disputed Authorship of the Declaration on the Causes and Necessity ... Press, 2008. External links s Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms Full text of the declaration ... more details
Multiple issues notability March 2012 orphan February 2009 one source October 2008 Expert subject multiple Health and fitness Medicine Economics type section date December 2011 Medical Banking involves the use banking systems to improve healthcare industry. It is the involvement of banks into the Healthcare value chain to reduce costs,increase access and simplify delivery of healthcare.Medical banking integrates various stakeholders providers, payers, clearing houses, banks and specialized firms . Processes like payment of premiums by consumers, claims submission by the provider, claim status checking etc. can be time consuming and involve a lot of paperwork. The Medical Banking concept proposes the handling such processes electronically by leveraging current banking systems. Medical Banking can also help safeguard medical record s related to a consumer electronically under the custody of a bank. Medical Banking can also provide support to Consumer driven health care Consumer Directed Health Plans . CDHPs offer accounts like Health savings account Health Savings Account HSA , Flexible Savings Account FSA which, being tax free, help consumers save money for their future medical needs. Trademark Medical Banking Project has trademarked the term Medical Banking. The term was invented by John Casillas, the founder of the Medical Banking Project. ref Citation year 2008 title Medical Banking Trademark & Copyright Information url http www.mbproject.org copyright.php ref Necessity of Medical Banking Rising Costs Consumerism Medical Financing for patients Commercial Lending Consumer Trust Payments not covered by payers Treasury management Treasury Management Services Uncompensated Care Resource Reallocation Notes references Category Health economics ... more details
The Right To Be Greedy Theses On The Practical Necessity Of Demanding Everything is a book published in 1974 by an American Situationist International situationist collective called For Ourselves Council for Generalized Self Management . Post left anarchist Bob Black describes it in its preface as an audacious attempt to synthesize a collectivist social vision of left wing origin with an individualist ic for lack of a better word ethic usually articulated on the right. ref name black http www.primitivism.com greedy.htm Preface to The Right to be Greedy by For Ourselves by Bob Black ref Its authors say The positive conception of egoism, the perspective of communist egotism egoism , is the very heart and unity of our theoretical and practical coherence. ref name greedy http libcom.org library right be greedy theses practical necessity demanding everything The Right To Be Greedy Theses On The Practical Necessity Of Demanding Everything by For Ourselves ref It is highly influenced by the work of Max Stirner . A reprinting of the work in the eighties was done by Loompanics Unlimited with the involvement of Bob Black who also wrote the preface to it ref name black . Quotes Greed in its fullest sense is the only possible basis of communist society. The present forms of greed lose out, in the end, because they turn out to be not greedy enough. The activity of simultaneous appropriation by each individual of all the rest, or of the appropriation of society by all at once inter appropriation realized inter subjectivity, or co property itself constitutes the totality of social production. The perspective of communist egoism is the perspective of that selfishness which desires nothing ... by Bob Black http libcom.org library right be greedy theses practical necessity demanding everything The Right To Be Greedy Theses On The Practical Necessity Of Demanding Everything by For Ourselves ... Communist books Category 1974 books es The Right To Be Greedy Theses On The Practical Necessity ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Image Libertymedicallogo.png thumb right Corporate logo Liberty Medical Supply, Inc. Liberty Medical is a home delivery service that sells diabetes testing supplies, bath .... ref http www.libertymedical.com diabetes liberty medical default.aspx Diabetes Liberty Medical offers ... Solutions Medco Health Solutions, Inc. , which purchased Liberty Medical and its parent company ... af 0828markets06.html Medco To Buy PolyMedica Forbes.com Bot generated title ref Liberty Medical s corporate ... employers. ref http www.tcpalm.com news 2009 jan 07 800 new jobs coming to area Liberty Medical, distributor bringing up to 870 jobs to St. Lucie ref Liberty Medical Services Liberty Medical provides ... Liberty Medical offers free shipping, a free meter, and files insurance claims on the patient s behalf, in many cases the service results in no charge to the patient. Liberty Medical has been expanding its product lines, offering a number of medical services and supplies in addition to diabetes ... Medical television commercials air frequently during the CBS TV Show The Price is Right and other ... Medical in Popular Culture Liberty Medical TV commercials have been parodied on Family Guy and Saturday ... of diabetes. American Diabetes Association Liberty Medical is a major contributor and National Strategic ... 19, 2008, Liberty Medical spokesman Wilford Brimley was recognized by the ADA for his advocacy ... award during a ceremony at Liberty Medical headquarters in Port St. Lucie, Florida. ref http www.wtvynews4.com floridanews headlines 36433839.html Brimley ADA Award ref Awards Liberty Medical ... subsidiary Liberty Medical Supply agreed to pay 35 million to resolve allegations that they submitted ... documentation verifying the necessity of the level of treatment rendered. Under terms of the settlement ... OIG. Liberty Medical has since had an untarnished record of adherence to Medicare regulations and voluntarily ... Reflist External links http www.libertymedical.com Liberty Medical s official website Category ... more details
Merge from Medical biophysics discuss Talk Medical physics Merge Medical biophysics here date June 2011 Medical physics is generally speaking the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine . A medical physics department may be based in either a hospital or a university. Clinical medical physicists are often found in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiation ... structure to microscopy and nanomedicine. In the case of CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS SERVICES the mission statement is as follows Medical Physics Services will contribute to maintaining and improving ... testing, commissioning, quality assurance including quality control, and optimised clinical use of medical ... on the Medical Physics Expert Qualification and Curriculum Development Frameworks Caruana C. J ... and any other Physical Agent associated with medical devices. As stated in the introduction at the moment ... of less than optimal performance or clinical use of medical devices, identification and elimination ... of Physical Agents associated with the use of medical device in accordance with the latest published ... and comforters from the deleterious effects of Physical Agents associated with the use of medical devices .... Includes the development of risk assessment protocols. 5. Clinical Medical Device ... quality control of medical devices in accordance with the latest published European or International ... into clinical service and new medical physics services whilst giving due attention to economic ... expert advice to outside clients e.g., smaller clinics with insufficient in house medical physics expertise . 9. Education of Healthcare Professionals including Medical Physics trainees . Contribute ... based and economical use of medical devices and safety issues concerning associated Physical Agents. Participation in the education of Medical Physics students and organization of Medical Physics residency ... of a Health Technology Assessment related to medical devices and or Physical Agents and associated ... more details
Within emergency medical services a medical director is a physician who provides guidance, leadership ... area. In North America , medical directors are typically board certified in emergency medicine . The medical director is generally responsible for either the creation of Medical guideline protocols for treatment ... of medical oversight depending on which model of service delivery and which model of medical control are operating. The medical director may also assist the EMS agency in extending its scope of practice ..., medical directors exist in a variety of other settings in addition to EMS. It is largely a generic term used to describe a physician who has responsibility for the medical control and direction ... and others. This article focuses specifically on the role of the medical director with respect to the operation of EMS systems. Models of care Franco German To understand the role of the medical ... about what we call EMS that is universally applicable. Instead, communities and medical practitioners ... WF title Anglo American vs. Franco German emergency medical services system journal Prehosp Disaster ... advanced care, and drivers have only minimal medical training. In the Germany German version of the model, paramedics called Rettungsassistents do exist. Medical control is on line medical control on line ... vs. Franco German emergency medical services system journal Prehosp Disaster Med volume 18 issue 1 pages ... medicine as a medical specialty , in the sense that North Americans understand it. In these cases ... being sent to calls as requested by the Emergency Medical Dispatcher EMS dispatcher . The Franco ..., the medical director is typically more of a leader of physicians, and an advisor on the training ... is in use. This physician s role is to oversee Emergency medical services in Germany EMS personnel in a defined area, typically a bigger city or county , and corresponds to the position of medical ... Board of Physicians Guidelines for the Medical director EMS ref Anglo American The Anglo American ... more details
Medical Council may refer to Australian Medical Council , a national standards advisory body for medical education and training General Medical Council , the regulator of the medical profession in the United Kingdom Irish Medical Council , the regulator of the medical profession in the Republic of Ireland Medical Council of India , a constitutional body in India set up primarily to establish uniform standards of higher qualifications in medicine Medical Council of Hong Kong Medical Council of Thailand , a national standards advisory body for medical education and training, and regulator of the medical profession at the same time See also Medical Research Council disambiguation Medical Research Council disambig ... more details
Medical Center may refer to Medical care Clinic Hospital Academic health science centre larger complex of medical facilities often including hospitals, medical research research facilities , medical school s, and or other health care facilities Transit Medical Center Washington Metro , a Metro station Medical Center MARTA station , a passenger rail station in Atlanta, Georgia Medical Center Tide station , a station on the Tide Light Rail starter line in Norfolk, Virginia Other Medical Center TV series , a 1969 1976 medical drama series on CBS See also Illinois Medical District , a neighborhood in the Near West Side community area of Chicago, Illinois alternatively known as Medical Center Illinois Medical District CTA , a station on the Chicago Transit Authority s Blue Line serving the above neighborhood previous known as Medical Center Tufts Medical Center MBTA station , a subway and BRT station in Boston commonly referred to as Medical Center disambig ... more details
Medical Student may refer to Someone studying at medical school Medical Student Newspaper , a UK publication disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Medical underwriting is a health insurance term referring to the use of medical or health information ... most common methods of medical underwriting are known as moratorium underwriting, a relatively simple process, and full medical underwriting, a more in depth analysis of a client s health information. ref cite web url http www.health401k.com 2011 12 medical underwriting health insurance underwriting title Medical Underwriting Health Insurance Underwriting date 23 December 2011 publisher Health 401k accessdate 19 January 2012 ref The use of medical underwriting may be restricted by law in certain ... medical underwriting, an insurer asks people who apply for coverage typically people applying for individual or family coverage about pre existing medical conditions. In most U.S. states, insurance companies are allowed to ask questions about a person s medical history in order to decide whom ... coverage. While most discussions of medical underwriting in health insurance center around medical ..., medical underwriting is necessary to prevent people from purchasing health insurance coverage only when they are sick, pregnant or need medical care. This tendency is called adverse selection, i.e. ... for pre existing medical conditions i.e., no underwriting , people would wait to purchase health insurance until they got sick or needed medical care. Waiting to obtain health insurance coverage until ... that they will be able to obtain coverage when they need medical care. Effects Proponents of medical underwriting thus argue that it ensures that individual health insurance premiums are kept ... in Individually Purchased Voluntary Medical Expense Insurance , American Academy of Actuaries , February 1999 ref Critics of medical underwriting believe that it unfairly prevents people with relatively ... health insurance were denied coverage after undergoing medical underwriting. Declination rates ... affected by medical underwriting, either in the form of denial or increased premiums. The study ... more details
A medical corps is generally a military branch or officer corps responsible for medical care for serving military personnel. Such officers are typically military physician s. List of medical corps The following organizations are examples In the British Armed Forces and Commonwealth of Nations Royal Army Medical Corps , a specialist corps of the Army Medical Services that provides medical care to British Army personnel Royal Australian Army Medical Corps , the branch of the Australian Army responsible for providing medical care to Army personnel Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps , a corps of the New Zealand Army that is responsible for medical care to Army personnel Sri Lanka Army Medical Corps , a corps of the Sri Lanka Army that is responsible for medical care to Army personnel In the United States military Medical Corps United States Army , a corps that consists of all physicians of the U.S. Army Medical Department Medical Corps United States Navy , a staff corps of the United States Navy consisting of doctors in a variety of specialties United States Air Force Medical Service , a corps that consists of all physicians of the U.S. Air Force Medical Service In the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps Israel In the Myanmar Armed Forces Myanmar Army Medical Corps Dental corps A dental ... the dental health of service personnel. Dental corps are therefore a kind of medical corps, and are typically either within the medical corps of their military organization, or closely associated with it. List of dental corps Royal Army Dental Corps , a specialist corps of the British Army Medical ... Corps United States Army Dental Corps , a special branch of the Army Medical Department United States United States Navy Dental Corps See also Medical Reserve Corps , a civilian program in the United States International Medical Corps IMC , a global humanitarian nonprofit organization Medical Cadet Corps , a Seventh Day Adventist organization Category Medical units and formations Medical corps ... more details
Medical protocol can refer to Guideline medicalmedical guidelines for a medical treatment. It usually includes a treatment plan, summarized consensus statements and addresses practical issues. Clinical protocol , which has a more specific meaning. It describes a method to be used in a clinical trial e.g. of a drug or medical treatment or a medical research study. A set of rules followed by providers such as EMTs or nurses. Often considered to be stricter than a guideline, and to carry more weight with the law, but there is no hard evidence to support this view and the terms are usually used interchangeably. disambig ... more details
Mergeto Medical encyclopedia date September 2009 A medical book or medical handbook is a layman s reference book for health and medicine. It usually contains information about common diseases and main bodily functions. See also Medical Encyclopedia Medicine External links http www.mieur.nl mihandbook r 3 3 handbook home.htm Handbook of Medical Informatics http merckmanuals.com home index.html The Merck Manual Medical Library http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus encyclopedia.html MedlinePlus Medical Library http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus tutorial.html Interactive Health Tutorials Medline Plus Using animated graphics and you can also listen to the tutorial DEFAULTSORT Medical Handbook Category Handbooks and manuals Category Medical literature Handbook med book stub sv L karbok ... more details
distinguish Medical jurisprudence Medical law is the branch of law which concerns the prerogative s and responsibilities of medical professionals and the rights of the patient . ref cite web url http www.lawbore.net medical title Topic Medical Law publisher City University Law School Lawbore accessdate 2009 10 21 ref It should not be confused with medical jurisprudence , which is a branch of medicine , rather than a branch of law. The main branches of medical law are the law on Privacy law confidentiality , negligence and torts in relation to medical treatment most notably medical malpractice , and criminal law in the field of medical practice and treatment. Ethics and medical practice is a growing field. References Refimprove date October 2009 reflist See also Abortion law Assault tort and Battery tort Bioethics Competence law Compulsory sterilization Conjoined twins Consent criminal law Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine Euthanasia Freedom of information Health law , the body of healthcare legislation and government regulation Inviolability Involuntary commitment Involuntary treatment Medical ethics Medical malpractice Medical record Privacy law Quality of life healthcare Reproductive rights Reproductive technology Trespass to the person World Association for Medical Law Category Medical law law stub medicine stub es Derecho m dico fi L kint oikeus hi ru ... more details
Refimprove date July 2009 Medical advice is the giving of a formal professional opinion regarding what a specific individual should or should not do to restore or preserve health. Typically, medical advice involves giving a diagnosis , medical prescription prescribing a medical treatment treatment for medical condition. ref http www.leg.state.fl.us statutes index.cfm?mode View 20Statutes&SubMenu 1&App mode Display Statute&Search String practicing medicine&URL CH0458 Sec305.HTM Florida state statute ref Medical advice is given in the context of a doctor patient relationship . A licensed healthcare professional can be held legally liable for the advice he or she gives to a patient. Giving bad advice may be considered medical malpractice under specified circumstances. Medical advice can be distinguished from medical information, which is the relation of facts. Discussing facts and information is considered a fundamental free speech right and is not considered medical advice. Medical advice can also be distinguished from personal advice , even if the advice concerns medical care. See also Physician Against medical advice Duty of care Standard of care Scope of practice Medical direction Legal advice References reflist Category Legal terms Category Medical terms law term stub ... more details
Medical writing is the activity of producing scientific documentation by a specialized writer. The medical writer typically is not one of the scientists or doctors who performed the Medical research research . A medical writer, working with doctors, scientists, and other subject matter experts, creates document s that effectively and clearly describe research results, product use and other medical information. The medical writer also makes sure the documents comply with regulatory, journal, or other guidelines in terms of content, format and structure. Medical writing as a function became established ... compliant documents that science professionals can read and understand easily and quickly. Types of medical writing Medical writing for the pharmaceutical industry can be classified as either regulatory medical writing or educational medical writing . Regulatory medical writing means creating the documentation that regulatory agencies require in the approval process for drugs, Medical device devices and biologic medical product biologics . Regulatory documents can be huge and are formulaic. They include ... the data a company gathers in the course of developing a medical product. Educational medical ... for newly launched drugs, data presentations for medical conferences, medical journal articles ... CE or continuing medical education CME . Regardless of the type of medical writing, companies either assign it to an in house writer, or outsource it to an external medical writer or medical writing service. Medical writing organizations Several professional organizations represent medical writers around the world. These include American Medical Writers Association AMWA Australasian Medical Writers Association AMWA European Medical Writers Association EMWA Indian Medical Writers Association IMWA . These organizations provide a forum where medical writers meet and share knowledge and experience ... find career opportunities. All these organizations offer fundamental medical writing training. Finally ... more details
Medical eponyms are terms used in medicine which are named after people and occasionally places or things . New discoveries are often attached to the people who made the discovery because of the nature of the history of medicine . This has produced a large number of medical eponym s List of eponymous diseases List of eponymous fractures List of eponymous medical signs List of eponymous surgical procedures List of human anatomical parts named after people List of eponymous medical devices List of eponymous medical treatments List of medical eponyms with Nazi associations External links http www.whonamedit.com WhoNamedIt.com , a dictionary of medical eponyms. http www.medeponyms.com home MedEponyms.com , a dictionary of pathology eponyms. med stub Category Lists of eponyms Category Medical lists pl Eponimy medyczne ... more details
Medical fiction is fiction whose events center upon a hospital, an ambulance staff, or any medical environment. It is highly prevalent on television, especially as medical drama s, as well as in novels. Subgenres Romance novels have an independent subcategory in medicine, medical romance , with its own settings and characters. Medical crime or conspiracy Medical comedy See also portal Novels List of fictional medical examiners References Borys Surawicz, Beverly Jacobson Doctors in Fiction Lessons from Literature . Radcliffe OUblishing 2009, ISBN 9781846193286 Google books ZPeRfe717usC online copy page Philipp A. Scott The medical research novel in English and German, 1900 1950 . Popular Press 1992, ISBN 0879725524 Google books 51fyiv99s 0C online copy page Category Medicine and health in fiction Lit stub de Arztroman sl Doktor roman ... more details
A medical patent may refer to a biological patent see also gene patent a chemical or pharmaceutical patent a patent on a medical device See also Generic drug Patent medicine dab ... more details
A medical technologist is an allied health professional who exercises technical and scientific functions in medical laboratories. In some countries, medical technologists may be called biomedical scientists, medical laboratory scientists or clinical laboratory scientists. ref www.bls.gov oco ocos096.htm ref Several countries provide information for medical technologists United States of America Medical Laboratory Scientist Philippines Biomedical scientist See also Medical laboratory Clinical Laboratory Scientist Pathology Category Healthcare occupations Category Medical specialties fr technicien de laboratoire References Reflist ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Medical organizations support the field of medicine , which is the branch of health science , concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease and injury . Examples of medical organizations include hospitals , Hatzolah , St. John Ambulance , the Red Cross and other medical centres. DEFAULTSORT Medical Organization Category Medical and health organizations Med org stub ru ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 Medical Sociologist a practitioner of medical sociology . Medical sociologists work within different sociological traditions, including symbolic interactionist , social constructionist traditions, and use a variety of qualitative property qualitative and quantitative property quantitative sociological methods. In the UK, major centres for medical sociology include the Universities of Manchester , Glasgow , and Nottingham . Category Medical sociology ... more details
Medical findings will signify the collective physical and psychological occurrences of patients surveyed by a medical doctor. The survey is composed of physical examinations by the doctor s senses and simple medical devices, which build clinical findings . If necessary, the results are proofed by further diagnostic tests, which may include procedures using medical apparatus. As the findings relate to the intersubjective occurrences diagnosed by the doctor, they will be differentiated from the sum of subjective data in the patient s medical history . The documentation of medical findings can differ between quantitative data quantitative evidence, e.g. the cholesterol level is 220 mmol L qualitative data qualitative evidence, e.g. the consciousness is clouded Out of a combination of these extracted medical findings, a doctor can deduce their diagnosis , whereby they ascribe an affliction to the patient. Medical findings that do not match these diagnoses will be labeled auxiliary medical findings , whose symptom s can illustrate other afflictions. Although the difference is not clear in everyday parlance, medical findings and symptoms are completely delineated during the process of confirming a medical finding the empirical character those that can be found of the collected medical characteristics is brought out, highlighting symptom of an affliction. Acquiring medical findings is one of the main duties of a doctor. References Translation Ref de Befund Medizin oldid 44652709 Category Medicine de Befund Medizin hu L tlelet ... more details
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