wiktionarypar medulla medullary Medulla refers to the middle of something and derives from the Latin word for marrow. Its anatomical uses include Medulla oblongata , a part of the brain stem Renal medulla , a part of the kidney Adrenal medulla , a part of the adrenal gland Medulla ossea , the marrow inside a bone Medulla spinalis, an alternative name for the spinal cord Medulla of ovary Thymus MedullaMedulla of thymus Medulla of lymph node Medulla hair Medullary ray disambiguation Non medical uses of the term include Med lla , a 2004 music album by Icelandic singer Bj rk Medulla, Florida , a U.S. city Las M dulas , Ancient Roman gold mines in Le n, Spain Medulla Grammatice or Medulla Grammaticae , a fifteenth century Latin Middle English dictionary In botany the word pith is loosely used as synonymous with medulla. disambig ca Medul la de Medulla el es M dula fr Moelle gl Medula ko ln Lib b ms Medulla nyahkekaburan nl Medulla pt Medula ru uk ... more details
Medulla Grammatice or Medulla Grammaticae the Marrow of Grammar is collection of fifteenth century Latin Middle English glossary glossaries in the British Museum . Category 15th century books Category Middle English language Category English dictionaries manuscript stub ... more details
The medulla is the inner most layer of the hair shaft. ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 Andgoogrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology 10th ed. . Saunders. Page 8. ISBN 0 7216 2921 0. ref Importance in forensics Human hairs are unique in that their medulliary index the fraction of the shaft s width that the medulla takes up is small generally less than 1 3. Other species will have ratios much larger, usually at least 1 2. One individual will have hairs with differing medulla patterns. One hair from the scalp may have an absent medulla while another will have a complete medulla. Unfortunately, medulla patterns are not very good as individual evidence and are typically only used for determining species and ruling out suspects. References Reflist integumentary system Dermatology stub Category Hair anatomy ... more details
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus . It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex anatomy cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. ref name Galloway Galloway, D.J. 1992 . Flora of Australia Lichen Glossary http www.anbg.gov.au glossary webpubl lichglos.htm ref The medulla generally has a cottony appearance. It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Medulla Lichenology Category Fungal morphology and anatomy Category Lichens ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Medulla of ovary Latin medulla ovarii GraySubject 266 GrayPage 1256 Image Ovaire 1.JPG Caption Diagram in French. Zone medullaire labeled at bottom left. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Dorlands DorlandsID The medulla of ovary or Zona vasculosa of Waldeyer is a highly vascular stroma in the center of the ovary . It forms from embryonic mesenchyme and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. This stroma forms the tissue of the hilum anatomy hilum by which the ovarian ligament is attached, and through which the blood vessels enter it does not contain any ovarian follicle s. External links BUHistology 18402loa Female Reproductive System ovary, medulla and cortex OklahomaHistology 83 02 Gray s Female reproductive system DEFAULTSORT Medulla Of Ovary Category Female reproductive system genitourinary stub it Medulla oblungata ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Latin medulla oblongata GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Illu pituitary pineal glands.jpg Caption Medulla oblongata labeled at bottom left Image2 Gray694.png Caption2 Section of the medulla ... Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 695 MeshName Medulla Oblongata MeshNumber A08.186.211.132.810.406 NeuroLex Medulla oblongata NeuroLexID birnlex 957 DorlandsPre m 06 DorlandsSuf 12519731 The medulla oblongata is the lower half of the brainstem . In discussions of neurology and similar contexts where no ambiguity will result, it is often referred to as simply the medulla . The medulla ... rate and blood pressure. Anatomy File Medulla oblongata.gif thumb left Medulla oblongata Animation Two parts open and closed Image Medulla oblongata posterior very low mag.jpg thumb right Micrograph of the posterior portion of the open part of the medulla oblongata, showing the fourth ventricle top of image and the nuclei of CN XII medial and CN X lateral . LFB stain H&E LFB stain . The medulla ... of the medulla is formed by the fourth ventricle . a closed part or inferior part where the metacoel lies within the medulla oblongata. Between the anterior median sulcus and the anterolateral sulcus ... on either side known as the pyramid of medulla oblongata . This elevation is caused by the corticospinal tract . In the lower part of the medulla some of these fibers cross each other thus obliterating ... part of the medulla is marked by a swelling known as the Olivary body . It is caused by a large ... and the posterolateral sulcus The posterior part of the medulla between the posterior median sulcus ... cuneatus . Just above the tubercles, the posterior aspect of the medulla is occupied by a triangular ... on either side by the inferior cerebellar peduncle , which connects the medulla to the cerebellum . Lower part The lower part of the medulla, immediately lateral to the fasciculus cuneatus, is marked ... . Base The base of the medulla is defined, the commissural fibers , crossing over from the ipsilateral ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Renal medulla Latin GraySubject 253 GrayPage 1221 Image Illu kidney.jpg Caption table width 100 tr valign top td align left width 45 1 Parenchyma br 2 Renal cortex Cortex br 3 Medulla br 4 Perirenal fat br 5 Renal capsule Capsule br 6 Ureter td td align left 7 Renal pelvis Pelvis of kidney br 8 Renal artery and Renal vein br 9 Hilum of kidney Hilus br 10 Calyx kidney Calyx td tr table Image2 Gray1127.png Caption2 Vertical section of kidney. Label medullary sub. visible near top. System MeshName Kidney medulla MeshNumber A05.810.453.466 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney . The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids . Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomerulus kidney glomeruli . At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the Serous fluid serum portion of the blood out of the vessel into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle , through the distal tubule and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct , leading to the renal ureter . The renal medulla latin renes medulla kidney middle contains the structures of the nephron s responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. These structures include the vasa rectae both spuria and vera , the venulae rectae, the medullary capillary plexus, the loop of Henle, and the collecting tubule. ref Netter s, plate 337 ref The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids ... http education.vetmed.vt.edu Curriculum VM8054 Labs Lab23 Examples exmedulla.htm VetMed Renal Medulla kidney DEFAULTSORT Renal Medulla Category Kidney anatomy Category Article Feedback 5 genitourinary ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 277 GrayPage 1280 Image Gray1185.png Caption Medulla labeled at bottom right. Image2 Caption2 Precursor Neural crest System Artery superior suprarenal artery , middle suprarenal artery , Inferior suprarenal artery Vein suprarenal veins Nerve celiac plexus , renal plexus Lymph lumbar glands MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf Image Adrenal gland medulla .JPG thumb 200px Medullary part of the adrenal gland on the pointer . The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland . It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex . It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine adrenaline , norepinephrine noradrenaline , and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by Sympathetic nervous system sympathetic preganglionic neurons . Basic The adrenal medulla consists of irregularly shaped cells grouped around blood vessels. These cells are intimately connected with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system ANS . In fact, these adrenal medullary cells are modified postganglionic neurons, and preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers lead to them directly from the central nervous system. Function Rather than releasing a neurotransmitter, the cells of the adrenal medulla secrete hormones. Composed mainly of hormone producing chromaffin cell s, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamine s epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Because the ANS exerts direct control over the chromaffin cells the hormone release can occur rather quickly. In response to stressor s such as exercise ... medulla is actually a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Pathology Neoplasms including Pheochromocytoma most common , a catecholamine secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla Neuroblastoma ... 13.html Location of Adrenal medulla Adrenal gland Category Glands Category Abdomen Category Endocrine ... more details
Information System GNIS feature ID blank1 info 0286674 GR 3 website footnotes Medulla is a census designated ... Area . Geography Medulla is located at coord 27.962551 81.980790 type city region US format dms display ... County, Florida ca Medulla es Medulla Florida nl Medulla Florida pt Medulla Fl rida ru vo Medulla ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Foramen cecum medulla oblongata Latin f. caecum medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 12 DorlandsSuf 12372861 The anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata contains a fold of pia mater , and extends along the entire length of the medulla oblongata it ends at the lower border of the pons in a small triangular expansion, termed the foramen cecum or foramen caecum . Gray s Category Brain neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Context date October 2009 Control of blood pressure is crucially dependent on the integrity of a small region of the brainstem called the ventrolateral medulla. Within this part of the brain are the cells that control the heart, blood vessels, swallowing, breathing and many other functions of the body that are not noticed at a conscious level such unconscious activities are known as Autonomic . One of these regions is the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla RVLM is also known as the pressor area of the medulla oblongata medulla medulla pressor . It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla CVLM . The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system , sending excitatory fibers catecholaminergic to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, via reticulospinal tract . The RVLM is notably involved in the baroreflex . Physostigmine , a choline esterase inhibitor, elevates endogenous levels of acetylcholine by stimulation of the RVLM ref http www.ionchannels.org showabstract.php?pmid 3768674 Medullary pressor area site of action of intravenous physostigmine Bot generated title ref . References Reflist Category Sympathetic nervous system Category Nervous system neuroanatomy stub pl RVLM ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin medulla nodi lymphoidei GraySubject GrayPage Image Schematic of lymph node showing lymph sinuses.png Caption Schematic of lymph node showing lymph sinuses Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The medulla of lymph node , or medullary sinus , is the central portion of the lymph node . ref name urlDefinition medulla of lymph node from Online Medical Dictionary cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?medulla of lymph node title Definition medulla of lymph node from Online Medical Dictionary format work accessdate 2008 10 19 ref There are two named structures in the medulla The medullary cords are cords of lymphatic tissue, and include plasma cell s, macrophages , and B cell s The medullary sinuses or sinusoids are vessel like spaces separating the medullary cords. The Lymph flows into the medullary sinuses from cortical sinuses, and into efferent lymphatic vessels . Medullary sinuses contain histiocyte s immobile macrophages and reticular cell s. See also Medulla disambiguation Medulla References Reflist External links BUHistology 07101loa lymphatic stub Category Lymphatic organ anatomy Lymphatic system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Anterolateral sulcus Latin sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray700.png Caption Anterolateral sulcus is visible at 8. Image2 Gray679.png Caption2 Anteroinferior view of the medulla oblongata and pons. Anterolateral sulcus visible but not labeled. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 707 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 28 DorlandsSuf 12768196 The anterolateral sulcus or ventrolateral sulcus is a sulcus anatomy sulcus on the side of the medulla oblongata . The rootlets of cranial nerve XII the hypoglossal nerve emerge from this sulcus. See also Anterolateral sulcus of spinal cord External links http www.ib.amwaw.edu.pl anatomy atlas image 02e.htm Medulla Category Medulla oblongata neuroanatomy stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Perenniporia medulla panis regnum Fungi phylum Basidiomycota classis Basidiomycetes subclassis Agaricomycetidae ordo Polyporales familia Polyporaceae genus Perenniporia species P. medulla panis binomial Perenniporia medulla panis binomial authority synonyms Boletus medulla panis small Jacq., 1778 small br Daedalea medullaris small Gray Purton, 1821 small br Fibuloporia unita small Pers. Bondartsev, 1953 small br Fomes unitus small Pers. Komarova, 1964 small br Fomes unitus small Pers. J. Lowe, 1964 small br Fomitopsis medulla panis small Jacq. Bondartsev & Singer, 1941 small br Fomitopsis unita small Pers. Bondartsev, 1953 small br Microporus limitatus small Berk. & M.A. Curtis Kuntze, 1898 small br Perenniporia chromatica small Berk. & Broome Decock & Leif Ryvarden Ryvarden , 1999 small br Perenniporia unita small Pers. Murrill, 1942 small br Physisporus medulla panis small Jacq. Chevall., 1826 small br Physisporus unitus small Pers. Gillet, 1878 small br Polyporus alboincarnatus small Pat. & Gaillard, 1888 small br Polyporus chromaticus small Berk. & Cooke, 1876 small br Polyporus dryinus small Berk. & Cooke, 1878 small br Polyporus limitatus small Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1872 small br Polyporus medulla panis small Jacq. Fr., 1821 small br Polyporus unitus small Pers., 1825 small br Polyporus xylostromatis small Fuckel, 1873 small br Polystictus limitatus small Berk. & M.A. Curtis Cooke, 1886 small br Poria chromatica small Berk. & Cooke Sacc., 1888 small ... small br Poria limitata small Berk. & M.A. Curtis Sacc., 1888 small br Poria medulla panis small Jacq ... small Fuckel Cooke, 1886 small br Trametes medulla panis small Jacq. Pat., 1900 small Perenniporia medulla panis is a plant pathogen. References references http www.speciesfungorum.org Names Names.asp ... Medulla Panis Category Plant pathogens and diseases Category Perenniporia Polyporales stub vi Perenniporia medulla panis ... more details
dablink This article is about the structure in the medulla oblongata. For the hypothalamic structure, see Arcuate nucleus . Infobox Brain Name Arcuate nucleus medulla Latin nucleus arcuatus medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Gray695.png Caption Transverse plane Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Nucleus arcuatus visible near bottom right. Image2 Gray683.png Caption2 Dissection of brain stem. Lateral view. Labels for External arcuate fibers and Dorsal external arcuate fibers visible at lower right. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 772 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12580396 In the medulla oblongata , the arcuate nucleus is a group of neuron s located on the anterior surface of the medullary pyramids. They receive fibers from the corticospinal tract and send their axons through the anterior external arcuate fibers and striae medullares to the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle . Arcuate nuclei are capable of chemosensitivity and have a proven role in controlling respiratory frequency. Additional images gallery Image Gray699.png Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. Image Gray700.png The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive. gallery External links LoyolaMedEd Neuro frames nlBSs nl31fr.htm http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 17950558 PubMed article Rhombencephalon neuroscience stub Category Neurons ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin sulcus posterolateralis medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 768 Image Gray681.png Caption Hind and mid brains postero lateral view. Image2 Gray687.png Caption2 Section of the medulla oblongata through the lower part of the decussation of the pyramids . BR 1. Anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata Anterior median fissure . BR 2. Posterior median sulcus . BR 3. Anterior column in red , with 3 , anterior root. BR 4. Posterior column in blue , with 4 , posterior roots. BR 5. Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus . BR 6. Posterior funiculus . BR BR The red arrow, a, a , indicates the course the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus takes at the level of the decussation of the pyramids BR the blue arrow, b, b , indicates the course which the sensory fibers take. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 703 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 28 DorlandsSuf 12769607 The accessory, vagus , and glossopharyngeal nerve s correspond with the posterior nerve roots , and are attached to the bottom of a sulcus anatomy sulcus named the postero lateral sulcus or dorsolateral sulcus . Additional images gallery Image Human caudal brainstem posterior view description.JPG Human caudal brainstem posterior view description gallery Gray s Category Nervous system neuroscience stub Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray700.png Caption RVM is labeled 5 in red at the bottom Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 512 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex NeuroLexID DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The rostral ventromedial medulla RVM , is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the medulla myelencephalon . The rostral ventromedial medulla sends descending inhibitory and excitatory fibers to the posterior horn of spinal cord dorsal horn spinal cord neurons . ref name Urban cite journal last Urban first M.O. title Supraspinal contributions to hyperalgesia journal PNAS year 1999 month July volume 96 issue 14 pages 7687 7692 doi 10.1073 pnas.96.14.7687 pmid 17831256 ref There are 3 categories of neurons in the RVM. On cells, off cells, and neutral cells. They are characterized by their response to nociceptive input. Off cells show a transitory decrease in firing rate right before a nociceptive reflex, and are theorized to be inhibitory. ref name Urban Activation of off cells, either by morphine or any other means, results in antinociception. ref name Morgan cite journal last Morgan first Michael title Periaqueductal Gray neurons project to spinally projecting GABAergic neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla journal Pain year 2008 month November volume 140 issue 2 ... ventromedial medulla maintains nerve injury induced central sensitization year 2006 month July journal ... Ventromedial Medulla of Rats with Acute or Persistent Inflammatory Nociception journal Neuroscience ... ACTIVATION IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROMEDIAL MEDULLA journal Neuroscience year 2010 month December volume ... of NMDA receptors in the brainstem, rostral ventromedial medulla, and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis ... actions on neurons that modulate nociception in the rostral ventromedial medulla journal Neuroscience ... Close first L.N. title Purinergic Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla journal ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata Latin sulcus medianus posterior medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Gray687.png Caption Section of the medulla oblongata through the lower part of the decussation of the pyramids . BR 1. Anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata Anterior median fissure . BR 2. Posterior median sulcus . BR 3. Anterior column in red , with 3 , anterior root. BR 4. Posterior column in blue , with 4 , posterior roots. BR 5. Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus . BR 6. Posterior funiculus . BR BR The red arrow, a, a , indicates the course the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus takes at the level of the decussation of the pyramids BR the blue arrow, b, b , indicates the course which the sensory fibers take. Image2 Spinalcord trirev rexedlamina.svg Caption2 Spinal cord Dorsal median sulcus is s1 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 705 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 28 DorlandsSuf 12769164 The posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata or posterior median fissure or dorsal median sulcus is a narrow groove and exists only in the closed part of the medulla oblongata it becomes gradually shallower from below upward, and finally ends about the middle of the medulla oblongata, where the central canal expands into the cavity of the fourth ventricle . Gray s Rhombencephalon Category Medulla oblongata Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Gray694.png Caption Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive. Anterior median fissure labeled at bottom center. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 697 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 08 DorlandsSuf 12365567 The anterior median fissure ventral or ventromedian fissure contains a fold of pia mater , and extends along the entire length of the medulla oblongata It ends at the lower border of the pons in a small triangular expansion, termed the foramen cecum medulla oblongata foramen cecum . Its lower part is interrupted by bundles of fibers that cross obliquely from one side to the other, and constitute the pyramidal decussation . Some fibers, termed the anterior external arcuate fibers , emerge from the fissure above this decussation and curve lateralward and upward over the surface of the medulla oblongata to join the inferior peduncle . Additional images gallery Image Gray679.png Medulla oblongata and pons. Anterior surface. Image Gray699.png Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. Image Gray700.png The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive. gallery Gray s Rhombencephalon Category Brain neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 unreferenced date April 2007 The kokko and rector model is a theory to explain how a gradient is generated in the inner medulla of the kidney . It was previously thought that the gradient was generated by the counter current mechanism as is the case in the outer medulla . But it has been proven that this cannot be the case in the inner medulla , since there are no salt pumps, and the cell membrane is too Semipermeable membrane permeable to salt. The kokko and rector model suggests that in the inner medulla the driving force for salt reabsorption is urea accumulation. Category Renal physiology med stub ... more details
Anterior median fissure can refer to Anterior median fissure of the spinal cord Anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata disambig ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Located in the medulla oblongata medulla , the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi or NPH is part of the horizontal gaze holding system. It functions as a neural integrator. File Lower pons horizontal KB.svg thumb center 500px A cross section of the lower pons showing the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi 5 labeled at the top left References references Category Neuroanatomy neuroanatomy stub Medulla ... more details
VRG may refer to Varig , a Brazilian airline Ventral respiratory group , a column of neurons located in the medulla Virchand Gandhi , An Indian Patriot disambig fr VRG ... more details
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