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Encyclopedia results for Member State of the European Union

Member State of the European Union





Encyclopedia results for Member State of the European Union

  1. Patent law of the European Union

    European patent law European Union patent law is a subset of European patent law . It also serves as the superset of the patent laws of the individual states of the European Union EU . The most recent proposed addition to the range of measures currently in place is the Directive on criminal measures aimed at ensuring the enforcement of intellectual property rights . The most recent directive relating specifically to patents is Directive on the patentability of biotechnological inventions . Patents are probably the least harmonised area of intellectual property laws of the European Union. The most noticeable characteristic of the present state of the patent law in the EU is its dualism, i.e. the coexistence ... of the Member State for which they are granted. ... a Community patent , i.e. a patent ... of the European Patent System , 26 International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law IIC 813 829 1995 Bossung, The Return of European Patent Law to the European Union , 27 International ..., J. , http www.suepo.org public docs 2001 straus.pdf The Present State of the Patent System in the European Union as Compared with the Situation in the United States of America and Japan , European Commission ... Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union TFEU , Article 118 s Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Title VII Common Rules on Competition, Taxation and Approximation ... en.htm Patents on the web site of the European Commission , Directorate General DG Directorate General for Internal Market and Services European Commission Internal Market and Services Intellectual property laws of the European Union EU law stub Category Patent law of the European Union ... be revoked centrally, etc., is not available because a great number of EU Member States have not ratified ... decentralized administration of European patents in as many as 17 States, in spite of the European Community ... have to pay dearly. Enforcement is another area where European patent holders must still live ...   more details



  1. Citizenship of the European Union

    coloured with the name of the member state, Coat of Arms and the title European Union and or its ... Union elections to the European Parliament , in any Member state of the European Union EU member state Article 22 Voting in municipal elections a right to vote and stand in local election ... state of the European Union member states for the seven years following those countries accession ... established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union ... While nationals of Member States are citizens of the union, It is for each Member State, having due ... from certain groups of citizens  namely some in Special member state territories and the European ... British biometric passport.jpg alt4 British passport Citizenship of the European Union EU was introduced ... Union European elections , the right to free movement and the right to consular protection from ... rights came into being. The Treaties of the European Union Treaty on the functioning of the European Union Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ref name TFEU provides for citizens to be directly represented at Union level in the European Parliament , and to participate in the democratic life of the Union Treaties of the European Union Treaty on European Union Treaty on the European ... Union Council , and European Commission Commission documents Article 15 . Petitioning ... of the European Union EU institutions and bodies, with the exception of the legal bodies ... registered office in a Member State http eur lex.europa.eu en treaties dat 12002E htm C 2002325EN.003301.html ... to the Institutions of the European Union EU institutions in one of the Languages of the European ... Right to free movement and residence a right of Four Freedoms European Union free movement and residence ... or consular authorities of other Member States when in a non EU Member State, if there are no diplomatic ... Union Article 21 Freedom to move and reside Article 21 1 of the Treaties of the European ...   more details



  1. Withdrawal from the European Union

    Politics of the European Union Withdrawal from the European Union is a right of European Union EU Member state of the European Union member states under s Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union Title VI Final Provisions Article 50 TEU Article 50 Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements. No state has ever withdrawn, though ... EEC , in 1985. No member state has ever held a national referendum on withdrawal from the European Union , though in 1975 the United Kingdom held a national United Kingdom European Communities membership ... for members who wish to withdraw from the Union. Under TEU Article 50, a Member State would notify the European Council of its intention to secede from the Union and a withdrawal agreement would be negotiated between the Union and that State. The Treaties of the European Union Treaties would cease ..., including a framework for the State s future relationship with the Union. The agreement is to be approved by the Council, acting by Voting in the Council of the European Union qualified majority , after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament . A former Member State seeking to rejoin the European ... of Lisbon entered into force on 1 December 2009 no provision in the Treaties of the European Union treaties or Law of the European Union law of the EU outlined the ability of a state to voluntarily ... treaty revision. Instead, the European Council may, on the initiative of the member state concerned ... of the Member State concerned, adopt a decision amending the status, with regard to the Union ... State territories and the European Union Former special territories these territories were not classed ... would vote for Britain to remain a member of the European Union, with more older people in favour ... Use dmy dates date May 2011 DEFAULTSORT Withdrawal From The European Union Category Member states ... in the Community. Procedure wikisource Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union ...   more details



  1. Model European Union

    you have to be an Member state of the European Union EU national , a national of the EFTA ... Parliament Parliament and the Council of the European Union Council . Member of the European Parliament ... European Union image MEU2012 Logo.jpg image border size caption abbreviation formation type NGO Simulation ... Website main organ affiliations num staff Model European Union MEU is a simulation of European politics ... Union and the Parliament of the European Union simulated at MEU, participants may also join as Model European Union Interpreters Interpreters , Model European Union Journalists Journalists and Model European Union Lobbyists Lobbyists . MEU usually takes place around spring, sometime in March April May. About MEU Conference File MEU Plenary.jpg thumb MEU Plenary Meeting. Model European Union MEU is a high quality simulation of Politics of the European Union European Union Politics and legislative procedures. It usually features two legislative proposals for a Directive European Union Directive or a Regulation European Union Regulation , selected by each year s Organising Team. Participants are divided in Member of the European Parliament Members of Parliament MEPs , Ministers of the Council of the European Union , Interpreters, Journalists and Lobbyists. Through the course of the week ... for a Directive European Union Directive of the Parliament of the European Union European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union Council on the use of Passenger Name Record data for the prevention ... for a Council Regulation European Union Regulation establishing a European Agency for the Management ... as the co decision procedure, the Council of the European Union Council discusses, amends and votes ... Union European Parliament . This is the procedure that is primarily and traditionally simulated in Model European Union. Since the European Parliament is an equal co legislator, the Council of the European ... with it. It is thus part of the Ministers work to stay in contact with the Member of the European Parliament ...   more details



  1. 1998 in the European Union

    yearbox in? in the European Union cp 19th Century c 20th century cf 21st century yp1 1995 yp2 1996 yp3 1997 year 1998 ya1 1999 ya2 2000 ya3 2001 dp3 1960s dp2 1970s dp1 1980s d 1990s dn1 2000 2009 2000s dn2 2010s dn3 2020s Events from the year 1998 in the European Union . Events 1 January The United Kingdom takes over the Presidency of the European Union . 16 March The Greek drachma enters the European Exchange Rate Mechanism . 25 March A convergence report is adopted by the European Commission which recommends that 11 member states the EU 15 minus Denmark , Greece , Sweden and the United Kingdom .... 17 December 1998 The European Parliament denies approval for the 1996 Budget of the European Union EU budget see Santer Commission Category 1998 in the European Union ... and Slovenia . 3 4 April Second Europe Asia summit, held in London . 28 April The European Court of Justice rules that EU nationals may obtain medial treatment in any state and be reimbursed according to the state in which they are insured the Kohll vs Union des Caisses de Maladie and Decker vs Caisse de Maladie des Employ s Priv s ruling . 29 April The European Community and the EU member states sign the Kyoto Protocol . 3 May The European Council , meeting in Brussels , approves the 11 member states outlined in the Commission report which will adopt the euro in 1999. Following this, they agree ... and European Monetary Institute Monetary Institute set the conditions for irrevocable conversion rates for the euro. 26 May The member states adopting the euro appoint the first president, vice president and executive board members of the European Central Bank . 1 June The European Central Bank is established, succeeding the Monetary Institute. 15 16 June European Council in Cardiff UK on economic growth. 1 July Austria takes over the Presidency of the European Union . 11 12 December European Council in Vienna Austria adopts employment guidelines, agrees external representation for the euro ...   more details



  1. European Union law

    consists of one judge from each European Union member state, and the General Court includes ... effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary .... European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European ..., the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the EC Treaty . The Court ... member states. The TEU establish that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories of the member ... Member States and inter institutional agreements, for example between European Union institutions ... state, a European Union institution or a legal person. The Court of Justice can also issue preliminary rulings, at the request of a member state s courts or tribunals, on the interpretation of European ... legislation in European Union law. The European Union and its member states must abide by international ... European Union law, European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European ..., the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the EC Treaty . The Court ... where there is a conflict between the laws of member states and European Union law, European Union ... legal interpretation in light of European Union law by courts in member states as alternative to repealing or amending laws of member states which conflict with European Union law. A source of tension ... Union law. Unlike the UK, most continental European member states have written constitutions and some ... system of the European Union depends heavily on the courts in member states to acknowledge and uphold ... law and legal doctrines and principles present in the legal systems of European Union member states ... have a proper legal basis. Legislation in member states which implements European Union law must be worded ... that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states ...   more details



  1. Politics of the European Union

    taxation . These areas are under the control of the Member State of the European Union EU s member states although a certain amount of co operation takes place in these areas. European Union law EU ... and direct laws upon its members. Competencies Main Member State of the European Union The states ... legal instruments en.htm doi accessdate 2007 09 18 ref Component states see Member State of the European Union There are twenty seven Member State of the European Union member states who have conferred ... of state or head of government government of the EU Member State of the European Union member states ... rotates between the European Union member state states every six months. The Council is composed of twenty ... , and some member states are less integrated than others Opt outs in the European Union Opt outs . Legal ... shall be founded on representative democracy. 2. Citizens are directly represented at Union level in the European Parliament. Member States are represented in the European Council by their Heads of State ... Union Council , Member of the European Parliament seats in Parliament and a European Commissioner .... Late in 2009, a new Reform Treaty was ratified by all member states of the European Union, and took ...Politics of the European Union The Politics of the European Union are different from other organisations and states due to the unique nature of the European Union EU . The EU is similar to a confederation , where many policy areas are Federation federalised into common Institutions of the European Union ... of the European Union EU treaties declare the EU to be based on representative democracy , and direct ... of the European Union Council , form the legislative arm of the EU. The Council is composed of national ... of the Treaty on European Union Title II Provisions on Democratic Principles Article 10 Article 10 of the Treaty on European Union salign right The constitutional basis and organisation of the European Union is based on treaties of the European Union its treaties . ref http europa.eu abc treaties index ...   more details



  1. Space policy of the European Union

    Article should be combined with European Space Policy . The Space policy of the European Union is not currently agreed, though it was expected to be released before Summer 2007. Currently each List of European Union member states member state pursues their own national space policy, though often co ordinating through the independent European Space Agency ESA . European Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry Enterprise and Industry Commissioner G nter Verheugen has stated that even though the EU is a world leader in the technology, it is being put on the defensive by the United States of America US and Russia and that it only has about a 10 year technological advantage on People s Republic of China China and India , which are racing to catch up. ref http euobserver.com 9 23848 EU expected to unveil space policy before summer euobserver.com ref ref http euobserver.com 9 23883 EU to target satellite observation in space race euobserver.com ref See also European Space Agency Relationship with the European Union l1 Relationship between the EU and ESA A communication outlining the policy .... Galileo main Galileo positioning system The European Union has already started work on a project ... Galileo positioning system GMES International Space Station European Union European Commission European Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry Enterprise and Industry Commissioner European Space Agency ... space en.html European Space Policy ec.europa.eu http ec.europa.eu comm space gmes index en.htm GMES ec.europa.eu http www.gmes.info GMES website gmes.info http esa.int European Space Agency esa.int http www.espi.or.at home index.php European Space Policy Institute espi.or.at References references European Union topics Category Space policy Category Space policy of the European Union ... ESA, EU and their respective Member States to ensure value for money and eliminate unnecessary duplication, thus meeting shared European needs. Developing and exploiting European space applications ...   more details



  1. European Union transparency directive

    European Union Directive in the Official Journal of the European Union the Member state of the European Union Member State should transform the regulations, agreed on in the Directive European ... into national law by the Member state of the European Union Member State , whereas the Directive European Union Directive only sets minimum standards. Member state of the European Union Member State have the possibility to set up stricter rules. Scope This Directive European Union Directive ... market situated or operating within a Member state of the European Union Member State and regulates ... authorities and their power Each Member state of the European Union Member State of the European Union ... regarding shareholders and issuers . Therefore the Member state of the European Union Member States ...Orphan date October 2011 EU Directive 2004 109 EG EU Transparency Directive The Directive European Union Directive of the European Union 2004 109 EG is a revision of the Directive European Union Directive ... securities are listed at a regulated market at a stock exchange within the European Union , and further ... the financial information distribution all over the European Union and an increase in transparency ... Publizit t, p. 49 ref History The process, which resulted in the final version of the European Union EU Transparency Directive European Union Directive , passed several years, consultations and revisions. First Consultation The first step towards the European Union EU Transparency Directive European Union Directive took place in July 2001 when the European Commission Commission of the European Union ... Union Directive to the European Parliament and to the Council of the European Union . About one year later, on 30 March 2004, the European Parliament approved the Directive European Union Directive , whereby the unofficial version of the Directive European Union Directive was published on 11 May .... Adoption The final version of the Directive European Union Directive 2004 109 EC of the European ...   more details



  1. Policy measures of the European Union

    Politics of the European Union The European Union uses a range of legal instruments to implement policy, varied across two major decision making processes co decision and cooperation procedure . Green Paper Main article Green Paper Green Papers are usually used to launch a public consultation consultation process. They present European Commission Commission policy orientations for debate to interested parties who may wish to comment. The Commission will generally prepare a subsequent proposal. White Paper Main article White Paper White Papers communicate a decided Commission policy or approach on a particular issue. They are chiefly intended as statements of Commission policy, rather than a consultation or starting point for debate. Communication Communications usually set out a Commission action plan may include concrete proposals for legislation . Regulation Main article EU Regulation Regulations, once approved, are immediately applicable and binding in all EU member states. No legislation is require at a national government level. Directive Main article Directive European Union Directives occur when a decision at an EU level is used to direct member state governments what to do. Directives specify the results to be achieved and the deadline within which to achieve them, but form and methods of implementation are left at the discretion of member states. Recommendation Recommendations are similar in structure to Directives but they do not hold any legal obligation. There are often described as soft law , and the Commission has been accused of using Recommendations to avoid lengthy and politically sensitive consultations. Decision Decisions by European Council Council or Commission apply specifically to one or more member states and are directly binding. References div class references small references div External links http europa.eu Official European Union website Category Politics of the European Union ...   more details



  1. Federal Union of European Nationalities

    The Federal Union of European Nationalities FUEN is an international nongovernmental organization NGO established in 1949 in conjunction with the formation of the Council of Europe . As of 2007, there were 84 member organizations representing ethnic, linguistic and national minorities within Europe. FUEN has been instrumental in encouraging the Council of Europe to adopt the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . FUEN was organized to give expression to European cultures and languages that do not possess form as a nation state. One in seven Europeans are members of such minorities and fifty three languages are spoken in Europe by such minorities. It publishes the bimonthly magazine Europa ethnica which replaces Nation und Staat published from 1927 to 1944 , and organises the Europeada association football tournament. It is based in Flensburg , Germany. See also Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization European Centre for Minority Issues European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages External links http fuen.org Official site http www.living diversity.eu Living Diversity Portal Category International nongovernmental organizations Category Human rights organizations als FUEV ca Uni Federalista de les Comunitats tniques Europees da FUEN de F deralistische Union Europ ischer Volksgruppen fr Union f d raliste des communaut s ethniques europ ennes hsb Federalistiska unija europskich narodnych mje in nl FUEV sv Federal Union of European Nationalities ...   more details



  1. Directive (European Union)

    Commission may initiate legal action against the member state in the European Court of Justice . This may also happen when a member state has transposed a directive in theory but has failed ...Politics of the European Union A directive is a Legislation legislative act of the European Union , ref cite book title European Union law after Maastricht a practical guide for lawyers outside the common ... of European Union legislative procedure legislative procedures depending on their subject ... of the European Union formerly Article 249 Treaty establishing the European Community ... be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall ... they are addressed, which can be just one member state or a group of them. In practice, however ... of the intended outcome. Occasionally, the laws of a member state may already comply ... 2009 date 9 July 2008 ref . If a member state fails to pass the required national legislation ... thought to be binding before they were implemented by member states, the European Court of Justice ... of the European Union List of European Union directives Regulation European Union Regulation Framework ... by national parliaments . http eur lex.europa.eu EUR Lex, European Union Law database . http www.eubusiness.com guides legislation EU Legislative Procedures Dead link date May 2010 European Union topics Legislation of the European Union Category European Union directives Category European Union ... first Ved P. last Nanda year 1996 place The Hague publisher Kluwer page 5 quote The Union has two primary types of legislative acts, directives and regulations ref which requires Member State of the European Union member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. It can be distinguished from Regulation European Union regulations which are self executing and do not require any implementing measures. Directives normally leave member states with a certain ...   more details



  1. Microstates and the European Union

    territories of EU member states also have a Special Member State territories and the European Union ... is a member of the EEA so is within the Internal Market European Union EU internal market and applies ...File European microstates map.svg thumb 200px The five European microstates br flag Andorra br flag Liechtenstein br flag Monaco br flag San Marino br flag Vatican City br bordered by the European Union ... with another larger state. Currently, the European microstates have special relations with the European ... ref http www.cid.harvard.edu archive events docs zoega herbertsson.pdf ref it is a member of the European ... Association EFTA and the European Union European Free Trade Association members and their sovereign ... 200px Microstates Application of European Union law EU law Enforceable in local courts Schengen Area European Union Value Added Tax Area EU VAT area European Union Customs Union EU customs territory EU single market Eurozone colspan 2 AND Andorra European Union relations details Bg yellow Minimal Unclear No No Bg yellow Partial ref name excludedcustoms European Union Customs Union Customs union ... European Union relations details Bg yellow Partial Unclear Yes No No Yes ref name EEA European Economic Area ref No , Swiss franc CHF colspan 2 MCO Monaco European Union relations details Bg yellow ... name monaco colspan 2 SMR San Marino European Union relations details Bg yellow Minimal Unclear Bg ... Through agreement with Italy ref colspan 2 VAT European Union Holy See relations details No No Bg ... relations of the European Union Future enlargement of the European Union Microstates EU Enlargement and Microstates European microstates Special member state territories and the European Union European Union Value Added Tax Area References reflist 2 Foreign relations of the European Union 2 Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Microstates And The European Union Category Bilateral relations ... Category Bilateral relations of San Marino Category Third country relationships with the European Union ...   more details



  1. Greenland?European Union relations

    of the Special member state territories and the European Union Overseas Countries and Territories OCT of the EU. As a result of that, Greenland has some integration with the Internal Market European Union EU s internal market via association agreements. It is also within the EU s common external ...Infobox Bilateral relations Greenland European Union European Union Greenland Politics of Greenland Greenland has a special relationship with the European Union EU due to its link with Member State of the European Union EU state Denmark . Trade In 2010, Greenland s exports to the EU amounted to 331 million ... of the European Union EU citizenship . ref Article 17 of European Union Treaty as of 1999 ref OCT nationals can be granted the right to vote for and participate in the election of the European Parliament, subject to the conditions defined by the related member states in compliance with Community ... the EU Greenland originally joined the then European Communities with Denmark in 1973. However, it left following a Greenlandic European Economic Community membership referendum, 1982 referendum in 1985, with 53 voting for withdrawal. ref cite web author European Commission title 1985 date 2005 11 10 work The History of the European Union url http europa.eu abc history 1985 index en.htm accessdate ... as to whether Greenland may consider rejoining the European Union although this seems highly ... Union Enlargement of the European Union Greenland European Parliament constituency Greenlandic European Economic Community membership referendum, 1982 Norway European Union relations External relations of the European Union DEFAULTSORT Greenland And The European Union Category Politics of Greenland Category Third country relationships with the European Union es Relaciones entre Groenlandia ... 147287.pdf EU BILATERAL TRADE AND TRADE WITH THE WORLD PDF , European Commission ref In 2009 the EU ... by the European Court of Auditors , who felt the amount the EU was paying was too much for the amount ...   more details



  1. Legislature of the European Union

    parliaments Main National parliaments of the European Union The national parliaments of Member state of the European Union EU member states have an early warning mechanism whereby if one third raise ... Union The Council of the European Union represents the national governments of member states, and hence ... to amend the treaties are submitted by a Member State, the European Parliament or the European ... by a Member State, the European Parliament or the European Commission to the Council of Ministers ... set price limits on mobile phone calls made in another EU state. A Directive European Union directive ...Politics of the European Union The legislature ref W. Voermans, The Birth of a Legislature The EU Parliament ... Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union ... parliaments of the European Union National parliaments also have a minor delaying power. Normally .... In most areas, they participate equally in the making of Law of the European Union EU law , in some ... in the treaties of the European Union . The power to amend the Treaties of the European Union , sometimes referred to as the Union s primary law, or even as its de facto constitution, is reserved to the member ... Elections in the European Union elected every five years by universal suffrage . It organises ... the Council of Ministers European Union Politics 2000 1 EUP 37. ref And while the Commission frequently ... Ordinary legislative procedure File European Union legislative triangle.svg thumb Ordinary legislative ... uedocs cmsUpload cg00001re01en.pdf Text of the Draft Treaty amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty ... 0047 0199 EN PDF Consolidated Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as amended by the Treaty ... Policy fisheries , transport, structural funds, the Budget of the European Union entire budget and the Police ... concerns are met. ref Craig and de B rca, p 148. ref This applies to Enlargement of the European Union admission of members , methods of Withdrawal from the European Union withdrawal , subsidiary general ...   more details



  1. European Union Laissez-Passer

    a text by the President of the Council of the European Union quote THE PRESIDENT requests all authorities of Member States of the European Union to allow the bearer to pass freely and to afford the bearer ... Nations Laissez Passer Passports of the European Union PRADO Public Register of Travel and Identity Documents Online passports European Union topics state collapsed Category European Union Category Passports ...Use dmy dates date April 2011 A European Union Laissez Passer is a travel document issued to civil servants and members of the Institutions of the European Union . It is proof of privileges and immunities the holders enjoy. The document is valid in all countries of the European Union as well as in over 100 other countries. In 2006, the Commission of the European Communities issued or renewed 2,200 laissez passers, and other agencies may issue the document as well. ref name europa1 cite web url http eur lex.europa.eu LexUriServ LexUriServ.do?uri CELEX 52007DC0849 EN NOT title EUR Lex 52007DC0849 EN publisher Eur lex.europa.eu date accessdate 24 April 2011 ref History Provisions for issuing Laissez passers were already present in the treaties establishing of the European Coal and Steel Community , the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community and a single European Community Laissez Passer was established in the beginning of the 1970s. ref cite web url http eur lex.europa.eu LexUriServ LexUriServ.do?uri CELEX 31969R1826 EN NOT title EUR Lex 31969R1826 EN publisher Eur lex.europa.eu date accessdate 24 April 2011 ref As a result of the Maastricht treaty , the name was changed to European Union Laissez Passer . The initial Laissez passer was available in all 4 languages of the communities French, German, Dutch and Italian , but not in English. Subsequent extensions ... and is available in 11 languages the official languages prior to extensions of the union after 1995 ... of bearer Future In 2005, a draft regulation was proposed by the European Commission implementing ...   more details



  1. Western European Union

    larger and more comprehensive European Union . This process was completed in 2009, when a solidarity clause between the member states of the European Union which was similar but not identical ... 1998 as a task force of the Western European Union. ref http www.eurofor.it Eurofor eurofor.it ref Participating states The Western European Union had 10 member countries, 6 associate member countries ...distinguish European Union Infobox Former Country conventional long name Western European Union br Union ... s1 European Union flag s1 Flag of Europe.svg flag Flag of the Western European Union image flag Western European Union Flag.svg image map WEU Map.svg image map caption span style color e82020 Members ... pre Treaty of Brussels 1948 Treaty of Brussels date pre 17 March 1948 today flag European Union footnotes EU history The Western European Union WEU French Union de l Europe occidentale , UEO was an international ... Europe. ref http www.ena.lu?lang 2&doc 343 the Western European Union ena.lu ref A Assembly of WEU ... include the European Union Institute for Security Studies Institute for Security Studies and the European ... were also members of both NATO and the European Union. These are the only nations that had ... Sweden 1995 sup 1 sup Denmark was an exception, being member of both. It has an Opt outs in the European ... Security and Defence Policy CSDP of the European Union . Thus in respect to the WEU it would have been more appropriate for it to be regarded as non EU NATO member state WEU associate status . valign top Associate member countries Rome 1992 Associate membership was created to include the European countries that were members of NATO but not of the European Union. Associate members Poland, the Czech ... European Union 1949 onwards, reconstruction .svg thumb File FIAV historical.svg 23px Reconstruction of the organisation s rarely used 1949 flag. File Flag of the Western European Union until 1993 .svg ... the organisation s capabilities and functions to the European Union, under its developing Common ...   more details



  1. European Trade Union Confederation

    website http www.etuc.org www.etuc.org footnotes The European Trade Union Confederation ETUC is a trade union organization which was established in 1973 to represent workers and their national affiliates at the European level. Its role has increased as European integration has expanded EU influence on economic , employment and social policy throughout the 27 Member States. History The ETUC was established in 1973. Constitution At present, the ETUC membership comprises 83 National Trade Union Confederations from a total of 36 Europe an countries , and 12 European industry federations, covering some 60 million individual trade unionists. Other trade Union structures operate under the auspices of the ETUC Eurocadres EUROCADRES the Council of European Professional and Managerial Staff and EFREP FERPA European Federation of Retired and Elderly Persons . The current President, elected in May ... and growth in Europe. The ETUC exists to represent the European trade union movement at EU level. It works with the other European social partners representing employers and the European institutions ... cooperation across national borders in the EU. The ETUC is recognised by the European Union , by the Council ... trade union organisation at European level. See also Portal Organized labour EU labour law UK ... for the ETUC Congress in Athens 2011 Category Labour relations Category European Trade Union Confederation ... European Trade Union Confederation sv Europeiska fackliga samorganisationen ...Infobox Union name ETUC country Europe affiliation Independent members 60 million from 36 countries 83 national trade union confederations full name European Trade Union Confederation native name image File ETUC logo.svg 175px founded 1973 current head dissolved date dissolved state merged into office ..., social and employment rights and high living standards. To achieve this, it promotes the European .... Together with the other European social partners, the ETUC works with all the EU governing bodies ...   more details



  1. Regulation (European Union)

    For the regulation of the European Union single market Internal Market European Union Politics of the European Union A regulation is a legislative act of the European Union ref cite book title European Union law after Maastricht a practical guide for lawyers outside the common market editor1 first Ralph ... European Union directive s which, at least in principle, need to be Transposition law transposed into national law . Regulations can be adopted by means of a variety of European Union legislative ... for the enactment of regulations is Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union formerly Article 249 Treaty establishing the European Community TEC . Article 288 To exercise the Union ... applicable in all Member States. A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities ... library standardnotes snia 03689.pdf title The European Union a guide to terminology procedures and sources ... constitute one of the most powerful forms of European Union law and a great deal of care is required ... arising from the coming into force of a regulation. See also Directive European Union Directive Framework decision Category European Union regulations Law of the European Union EUR Lex EudraLex References ... . http eur lex.europa.eu EUR Lex, European Union Law database . European Union topics Category European Union law Regulation Category European Union regulations ca Reglament comunitari cs Na zen ... 1996 place The Hague publisher Kluwer page 5 quote The Union has two primary types of legislative acts, directives and regulations ref that becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states ... in the light of the regulation. While member states are prohibited from obscuring the direct ... Uni n Europea eo Reglamento E ropa Unio fr R glement de l Union europ enne hr Uredba EU it Regolamento ... europeiske union pl Rozporz dzenie Unia Europejska pt Regula o Uni o Europeia sk Nariadenie E sv ...   more details



  1. Agency of the European Union

    Union CdT Luxembourg Luxembourg 1994 members List of EU member states EU states , European Commission ... at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Frontex Warsaw Poland 2005 Community ... left Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Established Members and observers Body of European ... Council Executive Agency ERC , located in Brussels See also Agencies of the European Union state ...Use dmy dates date April 2011 Politics of the European Union An agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union EU , which are distinct from the Institutions of the European ... level. List Distinct from EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union were set up to accomplish ... state Established Members and observers European Agency for Safety and Health at Work EU OSHA Bilbao Spain 1996 members List of EU member states EU states , European Commission ref cite web url http ... List of EU member states EU states , European Commission br observers European Free Trade Association ... of EU member states EU states , European Commission ref cite web url http www.etf.europa.eu Web.nsf ... Addiction EMCDDA Lisbon Portugal 1993 members List of EU member states EU states , European ... April 2011 ref European Medicines Agency EMA London United Kingdom 1995 members List of EU member ... OHIM Alicante Spain 1999 members List of EU member states EU states , European Commission ref cite ... France 1994 members List of EU member states EU states , European Commission ref cite web url http www.cpvo.europa.eu ... European Maritime Safety Agency EMSA Lisbon Portugal 2002 members List of EU member states EU states ... 2003 members List of EU member states EU states , European Commission , Iceland, Liechtenstein ... Prevention and Control ECDC Stockholm Sweden 2005 members List of EU member states EU states , European ... GSA Brussels Belgium 2004 members List of EU member states EU states , European Commission br observers ... European Railway Agency ERA Valenciennes and Lille France 2004 members List of EU member states EU ...   more details



  1. Azerbaijan?European Union relations

    Infobox Bilateral relations Euro Azerbaijani European Union Azerbaijan filetype svg Politics of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan and the European Union have maintained a positive relationship through the years and have become more closely linked. Azerbaijan is currently part of the European Neighborhood Policy and the Council of Europe, and is a large recipient of aid and infrastructure investment from the European Union. Citation needed date December 2008 Background Until the fall of the Soviet Union , Azerbaijan ... between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the European Union , with both sides benefitting from the relationship ... with the European Union and the West are mostly positive, but there are concerns rising from the expanded relationship. Azerbaijan and the European Union share a common energy agenda, and both support ... s current government is pro Western and is committed to working with the European Union to strengthen .... Page 186. ref Present situation Azerbaijan and the European Union have similar beliefs on most policies ... The European Union and Azerbaijan are strong partners on energy policy, and are working together ... four key topics enhancing energy security , wikt convergence convergence of member state energy market ... policy challenges and dilemmas , Opinion by Leila Alieva, April 2009, European Union Institute for Security Studies Enlargement of the European Union Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Azerbaijan Armenia and the European Union Georgia and the European Union Moldova and the European Union Ukraine and the European Union Turkey and the European Union Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Azerbaijan DEFAULTSORT Azerbaijan And The European Union Category Foreign relations of Azerbaijan Category Third country relationships with the European Union ... declared independence from the Soviet Union in September 1989, only to have this declaration made invalid in November 1989 by authorities in Moscow. The state finally gained independence in August ...   more details



  1. Liechtenstein?European Union relations

    Infobox Bilateral relations Euro Liechtenstein European Union Liechtenstein Relations between Liechtenstein and the European Union EU are shaped heavily by Liechtenstein s participation in the European Economic Area EEA . Market access Liechtenstein is the only microstate not counting Iceland by population or EU members that is a part of the EEA. It joined on 1 May 1995 after becoming a full member of the European Free Trade Association EFTA in 1991 previously, it had been in EFTA as part of Switzerland ... European Union EU single market . It also obliges Liechtenstein to apply certain European Union ... and was already a full Schengen Area member. This open border was not considered a threat to European ... and passport control before crossing. Liechtenstein signed a Schengen association agreement with the European Union on 28 February 2008, ref Protocol between the European Union, the European Community ... of Liechtenstein to the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss ... Council of the European Union page 17 ref with the protocol entering into force a month later. ref Notice concerning the entry into force of the Protocol between the European Union, the European ... of Liechtenstein to the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss ... fraud and exchanging information on tax matters. ref name EEAS See also Microstates and the European Union Switzerland European Union relations References reflist Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Liechtenstein Category Third country relationships with the European Union Category Bilateral relations of Liechtenstein European Union ... of Liechtenstein , European External Action Service ref Schengen On 28 February 2008 Liechtenstein ... last Trukhachev first Vadim title Tiny state lost in the Alps becomes more accessible to foreigners ... first landing in or entering a Schengen state. The border with Austria was not open, and it was treated ...   more details



  1. European Union Act

    The European Union Act or European Union Bill can refer to several items of legislation. In the United Kingdom European Union Accessions Act 1994 European Union Accessions Act 2003 European Union Accessions Act 2006 European Union Amendment Act 2008 European Union Act 2011 disambiguation ...   more details



  1. Protected areas of the European Union

    Protected areas of the European Union are areas which need and or receive special protection because of their environmental, cultural or historical value to the member states of the European Union . NATURA 2000 Special Area of Conservation SAC Special Protection Area SPA See also Protected area Conservation designation Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance References Unreferenced date December 2009 Reflist Europe topic Protected areas of Category European Union and the environment Category Cultural policies of the European Union Category Protected areas by location European Union EU stub ...   more details



  1. Passports of the European Union

    issued by Member States ref Some Member state of the European Union EU member states also issue non EU passports to certain people who have a nationality which does not render them citizens of the European Union e.g., British Overseas Territories Citizen s except those with a connection to Gibraltar ... biometric passport File EPassport logo.svg 20px Since the 1980s, European Union member states ... state The words EUROPEAN UNION before 1997 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Name of the issuing state similar typeface as EUROPEAN UNION Emblem of the state The word PASSPORT The Biometric Passport symbol First page Information on the first page, in one or more of the languages of the European Union The words EUROPEAN UNION Name of the issuing state similar typeface to that of European Union The word PASSPORT ... Dutch biometric passport File EPassport logo.svg 20px The European Union does not issue passport s, but the passports issued by its 27 member states do share a common design. ref name resolution1981 ... Resolution of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States of the European Communities ... of the words European Union in the country s official language or languages on the cover, as well as common ... passport about history burgundy.asp Non European lookalike passports , UK Passport office ref The European Union does issue European Union Laissez Passer s to the members and certain civil servants ... gallery See also Visa policy in the European Union Citizenship of the European Union Schengen ... European Passports in PRADO The Council of the European Union Public Register ... Category Passports by country European Union Category European Union Category Foreign relations of the European Union es Pasaportes de la Uni n Europea hr Putovnice dr ava lanica Europske unije ... laminated identification page, in the languages of the issuing state plus English and French ... cover is reserved for additional information or recommendations by the issuing state in its own official ...   more details




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